irrigation enginnring

IRRIGATION

ENGINEERIN

G

CREATED BY…

Riyaz Memon

[email protected]

HJD Institute of technical Education &

Research,Kera-Kutch

riyazmemon46.blogspot.com

IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 2

mailto:[email protected]

INDEX

What is irrigation Engineering?

History

Purpose Of Irrigation Engineering

Types of Irrigation

Irrigation in Gujarat

Development of Irrigation In India


WHAT IS IRRIGATION?

Irrigation is the application of water to the soil for the

purpose of supplying the moisture essential for plant

growth

It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural

crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation

of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of

inadequate rainfall.

Additionally, irrigation also has a few other uses in

crop production, which include protecting plants

against frost, suppressing weed growth in grain

fields and preventing soil consolidation.


HISTORY

Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for

over 5000 years, and was the basis of the economy

and society of numerous societies, ranging from Asia

to Arizona.

Egypt claims having the world's oldest dam, 108m

long, 12m high, built 5,000 years ago

In 15th century Korea, the world's first rain gauge,

uryanggye was invented in 1441. The inventor was

Jang Yeong-sil, a Korean engineer of the Joseon

Dynasty, under the active direction of the king,

Sejong the Great.


PURPOSE

Providing insurance against short durationdroughts

Reducing the hazard of frost (increase thetemperature of the plant)

Reducing the temperature during hot spells

Washing or diluting salts in the soil

Softening tillage pans and clods.

Delaying bud formation by evaporative cooling

Promoting the function of some microorganisms


TYPES OF IRRIGATION

Surface Irrigation

Localized Irrigation

Drip Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation

Sub-irrigation


SURFACE IRRIGATION

In surface irrigation systems, water moves

over and across the land by simple gravity

flow in order to wet it and to infiltrate into the

soil.

Surface irrigation can be subdivided into

furrow, border strip or basin irrigation.

It is often called flood irrigation when the

irrigation results in flooding or near flooding

of the cultivated land.


SURFACE IRRIGATION


LOCALIZED IRRIGATION

Localized irrigation is a system where

water is distributed under low pressure

through a piped network, in a

predetermined pattern, and applied as a

small discharge to each plant or adjacent

to it.

Drip irrigation, spray or micro-sprinkler

irrigation and bubbler irrigation belong to

this category of irrigation methods.


LOCALIZED IRRIGATION


DRIP IRRIGATION

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle

irrigation, functions as its name suggests.

Water is delivered at or near the root zone of

plants, drop by drop.

This method can be the most water efficient

method of irrigation, if managed properly,

since evaporation and runoff are minimized.


DRIP IRRIGATION


SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

In sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped

to one or more central locations within the field

and distributed by overhead high-pressure

sprinklers or guns.

Sprinklers can also be mounted on moving

platforms connected to the water source by a

hose.

Automatically moving wheeled systems known

as traveling sprinklers may irrigate areas such as

small farms, sports fields, parks, pastures, and

cemeteries unattended.


SPRINKLER IRRIGATION


SUB IRRIGATION

Sub-irrigation also sometimes called seepage

irrigation has been used for many years in field

crops in areas with high water tables.

It is a method of artificially raising the water table

to allow the soil to be moistened from below the

plants' root zone.

Sub-irrigation is also used in commercial

greenhouse production, usually for potted plants.

Water is delivered from below, absorbed

upwards, and the excess collected for recycling.


SUB IRRIGATION


IRRIGATION ENGINEERING IN

GUJARAT

Sardar Sarovar DamIRRIGATION ENGINEERING 18

SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

Type of dam:gravity dam, concrete

Impounds: Narmada River

Height (foundation): 163 m (535 ft)

Length: 1,210 m (3,970 ft)

Spillway capacity: 84,949 m3/s (2,999,900 cu

ft/s)IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 19

SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam

on the Narmada River near Navagam,

Gujarat in India.

It is the largest dam and part of the

Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic

engineering project involving the

construction of a series of large irrigation

and hydroelectric multi-purpose dams on

the Narmada River.


SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

The project took form in 1979 as part of a

development scheme to increase irrigation

and produce hydroelectricity.

The dam will irrigate 17,920 km2 (6,920

sq mi) of land spread over 12 districts, 62

talukas, and 3,393 villages (75% of which

is drought-prone areas) in Gujarat and

730 km2 (280 sq mi) in the arid areas of

Barmer and Jalore districts of Rajasthan


DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATION IN

INDIAThe net area under irrigation by all sources of

irrigation increased from 55.23 million hectares

in 2000-01 to 63.25 million hectares in 2009-10,

indicating 15% increase over the period. Net

area under irrigation is maximum (63.7 million

hectare) in 2008-09 during the last ten years.

The net area under irrigation by Government

canals increased from

15.81 million hectares in 2000-01 to 16.51

million hectares in 2009-10.



INDIAThe net area under irrigation by tanks declined

from 2.46 million hectares in 2000-01 to 1.64

million hectares in 2009-10,whereas, net area

under irrigation by tube wells and other wells

enhanced from 33.83 million hectares in 2000-01

to 39.04 million hectares in 2009-10. Net area

under irrigation by other sources enhanced from

2.91 million hectares in 2000-01 to5.88 million

hectares in 2009-10.

The total gross irrigated area enhanced from

76.19 million hectares in 2000-01 to 79.95 million

hectares in 2009-10.IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 23


INDIA

The gross irrigated area under food grains

increased from 53.61 million hectares in 2000-

01 to 58.64 million hectares in 2009-10,the

increase is due to increase of 4 million

hectares in gross irrigated area under wheat

during the period.


THANK YOU…..


Any

Question

?

Bye Bye