Support for sustainable agriculture and rural Support for sustainable agriculture and rural

livelihoods in Northern Rakhine State (NRS) of livelihoods in Northern Rakhine State (NRS) of

MyanmarMyanmar

Bir MandalBir MandalBir MandalBir Mandal

Technical Consultation Technical Consultation

““How to design, implement and replicate sustainable How to design, implement and replicate sustainable

livelihoodlivelihood--oriented smalloriented small--scale bio energy initiativesscale bio energy initiatives””

FAO-Rome

28-29 October 2009

“Energy is a prerequisite to sustainable development, while the challenge is “Energy is a prerequisite to sustainable development, while the challenge is

how to achieve this in practice.”how to achieve this in practice.”

•• Annual energy consumption of Myanmar Annual energy consumption of Myanmar

•• Biomass 66.9%Biomass 66.9%

•• Crude oil and petroleum products 14.9%Crude oil and petroleum products 14.9%

•• Hydro power 6.1% Hydro power 6.1%

•• Natural gas and coal 11.1 %Natural gas and coal 11.1 %

Lignite sources 1% Lignite sources 1% •• Lignite sources 1% Lignite sources 1%

ESCAP (2008)ESCAP (2008)

•• Electrification rate11.3%Electrification rate11.3%

•• 45.1 million population no access to electricity45.1 million population no access to electricity

•• 5.7 million people with access to electricity5.7 million people with access to electricity

PROJECT NAME:

Support for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Northern Rakhine

State (NRS) of Myanmar

GCP/MYA/009/EC

Purpose and Objectives:

Objective 1: Crop Intensification and Diversification including the development of

water harvesting and localised small scale irrigation

Objective 2:Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development aimed at expanding the range

of income generating options and energy sources through small scale livestock

production, value adding opportunities and biogas

Objective 3:Capacity Building, Institutional Strengthening and Sustainability Capacity Building, Institutional Strengthening and Sustainability intended to intended to

create community level organisations to support Objectives 1 and 2create community level organisations to support Objectives 1 and 2

Project period: 3 years; Nov. 2007 3 years; Nov. 2007 –– Nov. 2010Nov. 2010..

• Total project budget: Euro 1,973,123 = Approx. US$ 2,875,826

• Budget for biogas activities: Family size, fibre made biogas

digester: 75 unit x Euro 400 = Euro 30,000

• Biogas working tools: 3 set x Euro 2,000 = Euro 6,000

• Training on biogas operations and maintenance: Euro 6,000

• Sub-total: Euro 42,000 = approx. US$ 61,210 = 2.12 % of total budget.

• Where it is or did occur: Country: Myanmar (MMR), location area: • Where it is or did occur: Country: Myanmar (MMR), location area:

Northern Rakhine State (NRS)

Rural livelihood conditions:Rural livelihood conditions:

NRS - a remote and underdeveloped area, even by MMR standarda remote and underdeveloped area, even by MMR standard

-- population: 909,437. population: 909,437.

-- 234,000 Muslims who had taken refuge in Bangladesh in 1991234,000 Muslims who had taken refuge in Bangladesh in 1991--

1992 and returned to Myanmar, most between 1993 and 1995 1992 and returned to Myanmar, most between 1993 and 1995

Growth of population Growth of population - shortages of fuel wood and other biomass sourcesshortages of fuel wood and other biomass sources

Rapid depletion of the forest resources Rapid depletion of the forest resources - leading towards an ecological imbalanceleading towards an ecological imbalance