iowa department of transportation snow and ice...
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Iowa Department of TransportationIowa Department of TransportationSnow and Ice OperationsSnow and Ice Operations
Dennis BurkheimerDennis BurkheimerWinter Operations AdministratorWinter Operations Administrator
Office of MaintenanceOffice of Maintenance
Iowa Statistics (2006)Iowa Statistics (2006)
PopulationPopulation-- approximately 3 millionapproximately 3 million#1 producer of corn (20% of national total)#1 producer of corn (20% of national total)#1 producer of soybeans (17% of national #1 producer of soybeans (17% of national total)total)#1 hog producer#1 hog producer#1 poultry and egg producer#1 poultry and egg producer#2 cattle producer#2 cattle producer#2 agriculture exporter #2 agriculture exporter -- $ 16 billion $ 16 billion
Overview of operations and statisticsOverview of operations and statisticsRWIS and Weather ServicesRWIS and Weather ServicesDeicing materialsDeicing materialsEquipmentEquipmentExperimental equipmentExperimental equipmentBetter mousetrapsBetter mousetraps
TopicsTopics
Overview Overview
24,692 lane miles of roadway24,692 lane miles of roadway3,948 lane miles (includes ramps) of Interstate 3,948 lane miles (includes ramps) of Interstate highwayhighway6 Districts6 Districts901 Snowplows901 Snowplows1,200 operators, supervisors and mechanics1,200 operators, supervisors and mechanics110 maintenance facilities110 maintenance facilities$35 million snow/ice budget$35 million snow/ice budget
20072007--2008 Winter Statistics2008 Winter Statistics
Salt usedSalt used-- 301,261 tons301,261 tonsSalt brine usedSalt brine used-- 15,625,822 gallons15,625,822 gallonsSand usedSand used-- 59,798 tons59,798 tonsCalcium ChlorideCalcium Chloride-- 120,850 gallons120,850 gallonsStatewide average snowfallStatewide average snowfall-- 59 inches59 inchesDecDec--Feb was the 23Feb was the 23rdrd coldest and 8coldest and 8thth
wettest in 135 years of recordkeepingwettest in 135 years of recordkeeping
Snowfall Accumulation (inches)Snowfall Accumulation (inches)October 15 to April 15 AverageOctober 15 to April 15 Average
19831983--20042004
Salt and Abrasive use Statewide compared with snowfall
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08Fiscal Year
Tons
(000
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Inch
es o
f sno
wfa
ll
Snowfall Salt Abrasives
Historical Salt Brine Use
7,59
0,76
3
8,91
1,78
6
6,48
8,42
1
7,23
8,21
1
7,81
7,88
1
10,0
61,9
69
12,2
48,9
25
10,6
39,3
82
15,6
25,8
22
4,58
3,64
7
02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,000
10,000,00012,000,00014,000,00016,000,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Fiscal Years
Gal
lons
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
FY 97
FY 98
FY 99
FY 00
FY 01
FY 02
FY 03
FY 04
FY 05
FY 06
FY 07
Total Snow and Ice Hours of OperationTotal Snow and Ice Hours of Operation
Daily ReportDaily Report
Bi-weekly report Page 2
Iowa RWIS and Weather Iowa RWIS and Weather Information Program Information Program
Road Weather Road Weather Information System Information System
(RWIS)(RWIS)-- 62 sites62 sites
Wind Speed and DirectionWind Speed and DirectionAir temperatureAir temperatureRelative humidityRelative humidityPrecipitation sensorPrecipitation sensorPavement temperaturePavement temperatureSubsurface temperatureSubsurface temperature
Current Iowa RWIS LocationsCurrent Iowa RWIS Locations
New RWIS EquipmentNew RWIS Equipment
Iowa is upgrading RWIS sites with Iowa is upgrading RWIS sites with new equipment:new equipment:
WIVIS precipitation sensors WIVIS precipitation sensors Visibility and precipitation Visibility and precipitation identificationidentification
Road camerasRoad camerasTraffic speed sensorsTraffic speed sensorsSubSub--surface temperature data surface temperature data probe (TDP)probe (TDP)
Temperature readings every few Temperature readings every few inches from 3inches from 3”” below surface to 6below surface to 6’’belowbelow
Road
Substrate
Traffic Speed SensorsTraffic Speed Sensors
Radar detection Radar detection across all lanes (up across all lanes (up to 10 possible)to 10 possible)Reports:Reports:
SpeedSpeedVolumeVolumeLane occupancy %Lane occupancy %Long/short length Long/short length countscounts
Traffic Speed SensorsTraffic Speed SensorsSee if weather is adversely See if weather is adversely affecting travelaffecting travelIs it improving or Is it improving or worsening?worsening?See which lanes/directions See which lanes/directions most affectedmost affectedPerformance measurementPerformance measurement
RWIS AlternativesRWIS Alternatives
Investigating Investigating portable/minimal portable/minimal weather stations to fill in weather stations to fill in gaps between RWIS or gaps between RWIS or for special needsfor special needsEquipped with Equipped with
Solar panelSolar panelCell modemCell modemRoad temperature probeRoad temperature probeAtmospheric sensorsAtmospheric sensors
Forecasts (Meridian Environmental)Forecasts (Meridian Environmental)Four times a day weather and frost forecasts Four times a day weather and frost forecasts are delivered via phone, eare delivered via phone, e--mail, Internet and mail, Internet and DTNDTNFuture radarFuture radarRadar with ground truthRadar with ground truthForecasts shared with other government Forecasts shared with other government entitiesentitiesNowcasts with 2 hour advance notice Nowcasts with 2 hour advance notice provided via pagerprovided via pager
Precipitation start timePrecipitation start timeType of precipitationType of precipitationPavement temperatures at start of stormPavement temperatures at start of stormWind speed and directionWind speed and direction
Weather ForecastingWeather Forecasting
DTN Weather Sentry SystemsDTN Weather Sentry Systems
Bulletin Board Bulletin Board
Alert SystemAlert System
WeatherviewWeatherview
Weatherview is Weatherview is the DOTthe DOT’’s public s public access to RWIS access to RWIS and AWOS infoand AWOS infoWill undergo Will undergo major revisions major revisions becoming becoming available this available this fall.fall.
www.dotweatherview.com
New WeatherviewNew WeatherviewGISGIS--layered layered custom mapscustom mapsNew site info New site info displaysdisplaysNew winter New winter maintenance maintenance toolstools
New URL -- www.dotweatherview.gov
Weatherview Weatherview Site info Site info displays to displays to incorporate incorporate road cameras, road cameras, new visibility new visibility and traffic and traffic speed sensorsspeed sensors
Current conditions
Visibility: 1.2 mi.Road condition: Wet
Traffic Speed: 67 mph.Dew point: 32Air temp: 34
Cedar Rapids Hwy 30 East
Pavement temp: 40
View Forecast
Wind speed: 9 mph
Wind direction: SE
Etc…
View History
Mobile DataMobile DataDisplay future GPS Display future GPS vehicle infovehicle info
Thermal Maps?Thermal Maps?Truck locations ?Truck locations ?Truck activities?Truck activities?
Publicly available Publicly available datasets to be datasets to be determineddetermined
12/5/2005 9:00 pm A2869
Plow: Up
Material: 250 lb/Lm
Liquid: 20 gal/ton
Speed: 40 mph
Direction: W
Location:42.16 -93.602
Pave. Temp.: 19 F
Story City
Map Type:Truck location Road Temperatures
Deicing ChemicalsDeicing Chemicals
Deicing Chemicals used or Tested Deicing Chemicals used or Tested by Iowa DOTby Iowa DOT
Sodium ChlorideSodium ChlorideSodium Chloride brineSodium Chloride brineCalcium Chloride (liquid & dry)Calcium Chloride (liquid & dry)Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA)Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA)Potassium AcetatePotassium AcetateIce Ban (experimental) with salt Ice Ban (experimental) with salt brinebrineGeomelt with salt brineGeomelt with salt brineIce SlicerIce SlicerLiquid Corn Salt (LCS)Liquid Corn Salt (LCS)ActivarActivarGeomelt 55Geomelt 55Mineral MeltMineral MeltFirst DownFirst DownClear LaneClear LaneAll ClearAll ClearCaliberCaliberAG 100AG 100FusionFusionSodium Chloride/Calcium Chloride Sodium Chloride/Calcium Chloride blendblend
Material Evaluation ProcessMaterial Evaluation Process
PrePre--qualificationqualification
Laboratory TestingLaboratory Testing
Operational TestingOperational Testing
Evaluation and Evaluation and RecommendationRecommendation
ApplicationApplicationRateRate-- 50 gals/lane mile50 gals/lane mile
Spicy Blend Salt Brine
Images after 1Images after 1stst applicationapplication
Spicy Blend Salt Brine
Runway Thermal ComparisonsRunway Thermal ComparisonsThermal images help track cooling effects of chemicals Thermal images help track cooling effects of chemicals as they melt iceas they melt iceTemperature/color scales same in all imagesTemperature/color scales same in all imagesImages cover approximately 6 square feet of pavementImages cover approximately 6 square feet of pavement
Salt brine immediately after 50 gal/lm ‘wheel track’ application
Spicy blend immediately after 50 gal/lm ‘wheel track’ application
Dark, purple colors indicate cooler temperatures
Whites and yellows indicate warmer temperatures
Runway Thermal ComparisonsRunway Thermal ComparisonsLowest temperature in image:Lowest temperature in image:
Salt brine: 1.7 FSalt brine: 1.7 FSpicy blend: 10.7 FSpicy blend: 10.7 F
Salt brine immediately after 50 gal/lm ‘wheel track’ application
Spicy blend immediately after 50 gal/lm ‘wheel track’ application
Taxiway ApplicationTaxiway Application
Image 19 10:02 AM Image 20 10:03 AM
Spicy Blend Salt Brine
Taxiway Thermal ComparisonsTaxiway Thermal ComparisonsLowest temperature in image:Lowest temperature in image:
Salt brine: 4.5 FSalt brine: 4.5 FSpicy blend: 9.3 FSpicy blend: 9.3 F
Salt brine immediately after 70 gal/lm ‘fan spray’ application
Spicy blend immediately after 70 gal/lm ‘fan spray’ application
Image 28 10:14 AM
Image 22 10:03 AM
Image 30 10:014 AM
Taxiway
Spicy Blend Salt Brine
Taxiway Thermal ComparisonsTaxiway Thermal ComparisonsLowest temperature in image:Lowest temperature in image:
Salt brine: 15.1 FSalt brine: 15.1 FSpicy blend: 17.5 FSpicy blend: 17.5 F
Salt brine 30 minutes after 70 gal/lm ‘fan spray’ application
Spicy blend 30 minutes after 70 gal/lm ‘fan spray’ application
Image 52 11:26 AMImage 51 11:26 AM
Image 22 10:03 AM
Image 22 10:03 AM
Taxiway
Spicy Blend Salt Brine
Before 1.5 hours later
3/8” ice on road20-30 mph wind
Sleet
Salt Salt PrewetPrewet with salt brine vs. with salt brine vs. Salt Salt prewetprewet with with GeomeltGeomelt 5555
Salt Salt PrewetPrewet with salt brine vs. with salt brine vs. Salt Salt prewetprewet with with GeomeltGeomelt 5555
Before
1. 5 hours later
EquipmentEquipment
Current FleetCurrent Fleet
900+ trucks (60% tandem axle900+ trucks (60% tandem axle--40% single axle40% single axleInternational 7000 series (20,000 and 16,000# front axlesInternational 7000 series (20,000 and 16,000# front axlesLife expectancyLife expectancy--1616--17 years (purchase 5017 years (purchase 50--60 per year60 per year
Standard on all trucksStandard on all trucksStainless steel tailgate spreaderStainless steel tailgate spreaderPrewet systemPrewet system
OptionsOptionszero velocity, single or dual spreaderszero velocity, single or dual spreaderswinter tailgatewinter tailgateWingsWings-- front, mid or rearfront, mid or rearUnderbody plow or ice bladeUnderbody plow or ice blade
Early Early Prewet Prewet SystemsSystems
Manufactured Manufactured Prewet SystemsPrewet Systems
140 gallon
225 gallons
Iowa DOT designed winter tailgate Iowa DOT designed winter tailgate Dual augers and 250 gallon liquid capacityDual augers and 250 gallon liquid capacity
Dual Augers
Tilts away for easy removal of materials
Anti-icing Equipment
A variety of anti-icing systems from home made slip-in units to trailer mounted systems to tankers.
1,800 and 2,700 gallon Iowa DOT designed 1,800 and 2,700 gallon Iowa DOT designed trailerstrailers
Nozzle options
Nozzle options
Combination Calcium Chloride and Combination Calcium Chloride and Sodium Chloride prewet systemSodium Chloride prewet system
Calcium Chloride InjectionCalcium Chloride Injection
Liquids, Liquids, Next step!Next step!
Experimental Equipment
Laser Guided Wing Plow
Reverse-a-cast Plow
CamerasCameras
Testing 30 camera sets in Testing 30 camera sets in 20072007--20082008Monitor material Monitor material application and plowapplication and plow
“Shaker” Wiper Arm Attachment
Physically shakes the wiper arm to remove build-ups of ice and snow.
Often tied with heated washer system
Also marketed under the name “Whaminator” in Canada
Heated Heated WindshieldWindshield
Combination antiCombination anti--icing/prewet system with icing/prewet system with increased liquid capacityincreased liquid capacity
Active adapter allows for the blade to contour to the road. Removing more ice and snow
from the wheel ruts
Shop Built Flexible Edge
Shop built flexible edgeShop built flexible edge
Multiple Blade Plow Multiple Blade Plow
Squeegee BladeScarifier
or Cheese Blade
Regular Carbide Blade
Multiple Blade Plow Multiple Blade Plow
Squeegee Blade
Scarifier or Cheese
Blade
Regular Carbide Blade
Regular Carbide Blade
Scarifier or Cheese
Blade
Squeegee Blade
Multiple blade plowMultiple blade plow
Why a multiple blade plow?Why a multiple blade plow?A standard carbide blade leaves A standard carbide blade leaves ¼¼ to to ½½ inch inch layer of ice/snow after each pass layer of ice/snow after each pass
A standard carbide blade canA standard carbide blade can’’t remove slush t remove slush from the roadwayfrom the roadway
A standard carbide blade will often ride over A standard carbide blade will often ride over packed snow.packed snow.
Deicing materials applied by the truck will have Deicing materials applied by the truck will have to melt the snow/ice layer left behind the plow to melt the snow/ice layer left behind the plow before melting any new snowbefore melting any new snow
Sand TestingSand Testing
Same Process repeated on highway test section
Weight of sand left by plow- Road test
2.1685 4.79026.8762 7.6864
25.652
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Plow 1 Plow 3 Plow 5 Plow 2 Plow 4(Control)
Wei
ght (
poun
ds)
Extended rubber flap to reduce snow blowover onto windshield and
creation of snowcloud
Extended moldboard
Active Adapter attachment
Squeegee blade
Independently controlled
squeegee blade
Extra clearing path provides an
extension of the moldboard
MidMid--Mount Wing ProjectMount Wing Project
Version 1- Home made system carried up to 3 tanks with 1,800 gallons of total liquid capacity or can also carry 1,200 gallons of liquid and 6-tons of dry material
Version 2- Pengwyn System- carried 6- 100 gallon tanks in a medium duty truck with the ability to also carry 6 tons of dry material
Combination Units
WedgeWedge--shaped shaped tankstanks
450 gallons liquid450 gallons liquidper sideper side7 tons of dry 7 tons of dry materialmaterial22”” plumbingplumbing
2,700 gallon liquid capacity with 17 tons of dry material-Typical distance before refill = 136 lane miles
FlowBoy Combination unit
Brine tank in trailerBrine tank in trailer
Flow boy spraying two lanes with zero Flow boy spraying two lanes with zero velocity spray system by Spratronicsvelocity spray system by Spratronics
More Better More Better Mousetraps Mousetraps
Brine makersBrine makers
Current brine makerCurrent brine maker
MX 120 Front / Rear PlowMX 120 Front / Rear Plow
Wet, heavy snow covers warning lights
Air Puffer to blow snow from
strobes and other lights
Calibration Calibration ScaleScale
Edge rut system
Shoulder rock re-claimerMounted on 3-point hitch with 3 blades to pull rock back to the road edge
Cost- $300 without blades
Combination unitCombination unit900 gallons liquid, 7 ton dry material900 gallons liquid, 7 ton dry material
Sign trailer now has capacity to carry 13 Lang support signs and 8 windmaster signs plus sand bags . With this modification,one person can do job without assistance. Cost $400
Utility container- manual liftUtility box is maneuvered with chains attached to both the truck box and the utility box. The truck box is raised to drop utility box to ground. After item is loaded, the truck box is put down to haul. Utility box rests against wooden bumper guard. Cost-$300
Utility container- electrically controlled
Strong yellow-green border made from
aluminum piece added to traffic control device-
Cost-$250
Chute Delivery SystemDirects material to precise
location on roadway or chute hole can be opened to drop
directly onto spinner for broadcast spreading-
Cost- $250
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
Iowa permanent snow fence designIowa permanent snow fence design
Top view
Bottom view
Permanent Snow Fence StoragePermanent Snow Fence Storage
Standing CornStanding Corn
TrainingTraining
Driving SimulatorDriving Simulator
Winter ExposWinter Expos
Computer based trainingComputer based training
OnOn--line training via the Internetline training via the Internet
ClassroomClassroom
Simulator and classroom housed in 22 foot Haulmark trailer
Driving Simulator
Computer Based Training Computer Based Training
Computer Based Training (conComputer Based Training (con’’t)t)
““Ice and SnowIce and Snow……Take it slowTake it slow””
Posters developed for rest areas and Posters developed for rest areas and driver license examining stationsdriver license examining stations
Logo and safety information added to Logo and safety information added to the Iowa DOT web sitethe Iowa DOT web site
Press releases included a number of Press releases included a number of messages developed from this messages developed from this campaign campaign
Questions?