INTRODUCTORY MODULE

Administration of Safe-Settings Assessment Tools

Introduction• Development of the module

– commissioned by: • World Health Organization (WHO)

– technically supported by:• Department of Health (DOH)• Council for the Welfare for Children (CWC)• National Youth Commission (NYC)• Department of Education (DepEd)• Safe Kids• Plan Philippines• Centers for Health Development (CHDs)• City Health Offices (CHOs)• Local Government Units (LGUs)• Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

Introduction

• Development of the module

– designed to engage parents, teachers and community leaders in determining if environments are safe to the growth and development of their children, students and constituents, respectively

General Objective• To utilize the assessment tools in determining

if the homes, schools and communities meet the standards of safety that would make them conducive for the development of growing children.

Specific Objectives• To determine the extent of the problem regarding

child and adolescent injuries• To determine the government efforts in

preventing child and adolescent injuries • To utilize the safe-settings assessment tools for

the:– Home– School– Community

• To prepare a re-entry plan

CURRENT SITUATION: INTERNATIONAL AND THE PHILIPPINES

Administration of Safe-Settings Assessment Tools

Definition of Terms

Child– Child is defined as any person less than 18

years of age (Convention of the Rights of a Child) • definition adopted by most countries.

Injury– “the physical damage that results when the

body is suddenly subjected to levels of energy beyond the body's ability to absorb, or the result of lack of vital elements such as air, water or warmth” (WHO)

Definition of Terms

Two main categories of injury:

• Unintentional injuries for which traffic collisions, burns, falls and drowning are the leading causes

• Intentional injuries which result from deliberate acts of violence or neglect such as all forms of child abuse, homicide cases, etc.

Basic Principles of Injury

1 Injuries are not accidents.

2 Injuries are multi-factorial.

3 Injuries are predictable.

4 Injuries are preventable.

5 Injuries have no ownership.

6 Injuries affect the vulnerable.

6

CHILD INJURY: International and

Philippine scenarios

Child Injury

International Scenario

• 5.2 million people die annually as a result of injury

• More than 875,000 children under the age of 18 die of injury annually- The top leading causes of death

in children are road traffic injuries and drowning

- Intentional injuries, such as child abuse and adolescent violence, are also leading causes of death

- Most injuries occur at home or while at play.

Source: WHO Global Burden of Disease Project for 2002

Philippine Scenario

• 5th leading cause of morbidity (308/100,000)

• 6th leading cause of mortality (22/100,000)(DOH, 2000)

• Injury mortality rate in children 0 to 17 years old is 59/100,000 population

• Injury morbidity rate is higher among males than females (2.61:1) (PNIS), 2003)

Source: DOH (2000) and PNIS, 2003

Road Traffic InjuriesInternational Scenario– 262,000 child deaths globally

(2004)– Accounts for 2% of all deaths

among children– 93% of these deaths occur in

low-income and middle-income countries

– Death Rate: 10.7 /100,000 population (7.4 /100,000 in Southeast Asia and 19.9 /100,000 in the African Region)

– Most common injuries are concussions, cuts, bruises, fractures and sprains

Source: World Report on Child Injury Prevention, 2008

Philippine Scenario• Mortality rate among children

0-17 years old (9.4/100,000) • Leading cause of death among

children 5-9 years old (14.6/100,000) and 15-17 years old (8.1/100,000)

• One of the leading cause of injury morbidity among the 0 – 17 years old (156/100,000)Source: PNIS, 2003

DrowningInternational Scenario• 175,000 of children and youth

under 20 years old around the world died of drowning (2004)

• 98.1% of deaths due to drowning occur in low-income and middle-income countries

• Death Rate:o Western Pacific Region:

13.9/100,000o African Region: 7.2/100,000o South East Asia: 6.2/100,000

Source: World Report on Child Injury Prevention, 2008

Philippine Scenario

• One of the leading causes of child injury with a mortality rate of (9.4/100,000) among the 0 - 17 age group

• A leading cause of death among children 1-4 years old (27/100,000)

Source: PNIS, 2003

FallsInternational Scenario• 424,000 people died due to falls (2004)• Accounted for 47,000 deaths in

children and youth under 20.• Death Rate

(Americas, Europe, Western Pacific)o 0.2 to 1.0 / 100,000 in high-income

countries o Rates: up to 3 x higher in low-income

and middle income countries (Southeast Asia and Eastern

Mediterranean Region)o 2.7 to 2.9 / 100,000 in low and

middle-income countriesSource: World Report on Child Injury Prevention,

2008

Philippine Scenario• one of the leading causes of

injury morbidity among children 0-17 years old (152/100,000)

Source: PNIS, 2003

Other Leading Causes of Child Injury

International ScenarioBurns

• 310,000 died due to fire-related burns globally (2004)

• 96,000 children under 20 died due to fire-related burns (2004)

• Global Death Rate: 3.9/100,000

Poisoning• 345,814 deaths globally due to

accidental poisoning (2004)• 45,000 deaths in children and young

people under 20 due to acute poisoning• Global Death Rate: 1.8 / 100,000

o 0.5/100,000 in high-income countries

o 2.0/100,000 in low-income and middle-income countries.

Source: World Report on Child Injury Prevention, 2008

Philippine Scenario

Suffocation• Has a mortality rate of

10.2/100,000 among the 0-17 age group

Cut/sharp objects• One of the leading

causes of injury among children 0-17 years old (156/100,100)

Source: PNIS, 2003

RECOMMENDED STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS (PNIS,2003)6

1 Strengthen the capacity of parents, families and communities

2 Improve knowledge and skills of key workers

3 Develop partnership to generate and mobilize resources

4Build evidence for policy and decision making and tracking progress

5 Transform health systems and environments

6 Implement laws on child injury

PHILIPPINE INITIATIVESPolicies and legislations directed toward protection of children and citizens of the country:

1.The Philippine Constitution o mandates protection and promotion of right to health of

the people.

2.Presidential Proclamation No. 1370o declared every third week of June as “National Safe Kids

Week.”

3.Administrative Order 2006-0016o known as the “National Policy and Strategic Framework

on Child Injury and Prevention” (June, 2006, began to build the national program on violence and injury prevention

o Priority areas are RTIs, poisoning, falls, burns and scalds, drowning

Policies and legislations directed toward protection of children and citizens of the country:

4.Administrative Order No. 2007-0010 • “National Policy on Violence and Injury Prevention”

5.Philippine Child Survival Strategy and Plan of Action for 2008-2010• Outline the essential child survival package of

interventions which include injury prevention and control

6.Administrative Order No. 341• “Implementing the Philippine Health Promotion

Program (PHPP) Through Healthy Places”

Policies and legislations directed toward protection of children and citizens of the country:

7.Other Legislations Addressing the Issue on Child Injury7.1. R A No 7183 – an act regulating the sale,

manufacturing, distribution and use of firecrackers7.2. R A No. 8049 – act regulating hazing and other

forms of initiations.7.3. R A No. 8703 – act requiring mandatory

compliance on the use of seatbelt.

THE SAFE SCHOOL ASSESSMENT TOOL

Administration of Safe-Settings Assessment Tools

The Safe School

The School• not only site for education but

is also a venue for health andnutrition

• the child’s second home

School health initiatives can: a. reduce common health problemsb. increase the efficiency of the education

system, thereby improving the quality of life and economic productivity of the nation

Characteristics of a Safe School

I. Surroundings (inside and outside school premises)A. Visible warning signage (ex. School zone, slow down, children

crossing, Warning! High Voltage).B. Crossing guardC. No Harmful plants (ex. Mushroom,

tuba-tuba, bayati, etc.)

II. Physical StructuresA. ClinicB. Classroom has adequate

1. lighting2. number of desks/chairs3. space between seats4. ventilation (ex. Electric fan/

exhaust fan)5. electrical outlets with cover

Characteristics of a Safe School

C.Toilet with the following facilities/structures which are in good condition

1. mirror2. ceiling3. toilet bowl4. wall5. floor6. door7. others

D.Playground1. free of stray animals2. clean (no scattered trash/rubbish)3. proper fencing (no barbed

wires/pointed/sharp objects)4. Flooring of play facilities

Characteristics of a Safe School

E. Gymnasium • Sports facilities/equipment are properly installed

F. Swimming pool (if any)1. fenced2. with lifeguard3. with posted warning signs

Characteristics of a Safe School

G. Hallway has the following:1. Pathway free from obstruction2. Non slippery flooring3. Identified emergency exit/signage4. Adequate lighting

H. Stairway has the following:1. Handrails on both sides2. Free from obstructions/holes3. Non-slippery flooring4. Adequate lighting5. With directional signage

Characteristics of a Safe School

I. Canteen has the following1. Non-slippery flooring2. Regularly maintained fire extinguisher3. No leaking LPG

J. Laboratory/Technology shop has the following1. tidy tool room/box/cabinet

proper labels/tools in place)2. Proper electrical connections (no octopus)3. Posters with safety tips4. Properly placed and secured chemicals5. Regularly maintained fire extinguisher6. Adequate safety equipment/gadgets7. Flooring has color coding for safety; clean, non-slippery;

enough working space

Characteristics of a Safe School

K.Safety Manual (integrated in student handbook/subject)

L. School Safety Program