Introduction to

Business Research Method Week 01

W. Rofianto, ST, MSi

11--22

A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, anddisseminating relevant business data, information, and insights todecision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take

Business Research Defined

decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to takeappropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize businessperformance

11--33

Business research provides

information to guide business

decisions

Why Study Business Research?

“Enterprises have long recognized the need to better sense and respondto business change. What’s different today is that ubiquitous access toinformation and real-time communications have fostered an ‘always on’business culture where decision making has become a ‘just-in-time process.’”

Business Performance Management Forum

The primary purpose of research isto reduce the level of risk of abusiness decision.

Computing Power and Speed

Lower-cost

Data

CollectionBetter

Visualization

Tools

Integration of

Data

Real-time

Access

Factors

Powerful

Computation

ToolsData

11--55

Business Decisions and Research

Häagen-Dazs Tactics

�Super premium

�Dozens of flavors

�Small packages

�Signature colors on packaging

�Available in franchise and �Available in franchise and grocery stores

Information Sources

Decision Support Systems

� Numerous elements of data organized for retrieval and use in business decision making

Business Intelligence Systems

� Ongoing information collection

� Focused on events, business decision making

� Stored and retrieved via

� Intranets

� Extranets

� Focused on events, trends in micro and macro-environments

11--77

Research May Not Be Necessary

Can It Pass These Tests?�Can information be applied to a critical decision?

�Will the information improve managerial decision making?

�Are sufficient resources available?�Are sufficient resources available?

11--88

The Business Research Process

11--99

Characteristics of Good Research

Clearly defined purpose

Detailed research process

Thoroughly planned design

High ethical standards

Limitations addressed

Adequate analysis

Unambiguous presentation

Conclusions justified

Credentials

Two Categories of Research

Applied Basic (Pure)

11--1111

Who Conducts Business Research?

33--1212

Research and Intuition

“If we ignore supernatural inspiration, intuition is based on two things:experience and intelligence. The more experience I have with you, themore likely I am to encounter repetition of activities and situations thathelp me learn about you. The smarter I am, the more I can abstract fromthose experiences to find connections and patterns among them.”

Jeffrey Bradshow, creator of the software that searches databases

Language of Research

Models

Constructs

Operational

definitions

Conceptual

schemesConcepts

Variables

Models

Theory

Terms used

in research

definitions

Propositions/

Hypotheses

An analytical model is a set of variables

and their interrelationships designed to represent,

in whole or in part, some real system or process.

Models

In verbal models, the variables and their relationships arestated in prose form. Such models may be mererestatements of the main tenets of a theory.

“improvement in service quality can enhance customer loyalty”

Graphical models are visual. They are used to isolatevariables and to suggest directions of relationships but arenot designed to provide numerical results.

Graphical Models

Customer

SERVPERFBrand Loyalty

Customer Satisfaction

∑∑∑∑====

++++====

n

iii xaay

1

0

Mathematical models explicitly specify the relationships among variables, usually in equation form.

Mathematical models

====i 1

aa i,

0

Where

y = degree of preference

= model parameters to be estimated

statistically

Independent and Dependent Variable Synonyms

Independent Variable(IV)

�Predictor

�Presumed cause

Dependent Variable (DV)

�Criterion

�Presumed effect�Presumed cause

�Stimulus

�Predicted from…

�Antecedent

�Manipulated

�Presumed effect

�Response

�Predicted to….

�Consequence

�Measured outcome

33--1818

Relationships Among Variable Types

33--1919

Relationships Among Variable Types

33--2020

Relationships Among Variable Types

Relational Hypotheses

Correlational

� Young women (under 35) purchase fewer units of our product than women who are older than 35.

Causal

� An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income saved.

than women who are older than 35.

percentage of income saved.

� Loyalty to a grocery store increases the probability of purchasing that store’s private brand products.

33--2222

The Role of Reasoning

33--2323

Researchers

�Encounter problems

�State problems

�Propose hypotheses

�Deduce outcomes�Deduce outcomes

�Formulate rival hypotheses

�Devise and conduct empirical tests

�Draw conclusions

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar belakang masalah

1.2 Masalah dan Batasan Penelitian

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian

1.5 Sistematika Penulisan

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN4.1 Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian

4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian

4.3 Implikasi Manajerial

BAB V PENUTUP5.1 Kesimpulan

5.2 Saran

Outline Penulisan Ilmiah

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka

2.2 Rerangka Pemikiran

2.3 Hipotesis

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN3.1 Tipe dan Objek Penelitian

3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data

3.3 Operasionalisasi Variabel

3.4 Metode Analisis Data

5.2 Saran