introduction to animals section 1 – characteristics of all animals domain bacteria domain archaea...
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Introduction to Animals
Section 1 – Characteristics of All Animals
DomainBacteria
DomainArchaea
DomainEukarya
Common ancestor
Animals
Invertebrates
(animals without a backbone)
PoriferaCnidariaWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods
Animals
Vertebrates-
Animals
with backbones
FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals
Animal Groups
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
1. Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles
2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms
3. Are ____________________ made of many cells
4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs
EUKARYOTES
HETEROTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR
SPECIALIZATION
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle)
for food, find mates, escape danger
6. Contain _____________
which carries the genetic code
7. ____________________
Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
MOVE
REPRODUCE
DNA
10 Body Systems :1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING
(fur, skin, scales, feathers)
INTEGUMENTARY
Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss
10 Body Systems :
2. ________________
Breaks down food
to obtain nutrients
& gets rid of
undigested waste
DIGESTIVE
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening
Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems :3. __________________
Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells
Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be:
inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______
CIRCULATORY
CLOSEDOPEN
10 Body Systems :4. ___________________RESPIRATORY
Exchange gases with the
environment
•take in oxygen
•get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)
10 Body Systems :
5. ___________________
• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
• Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance
(_________________________)
EXCRETORY
OSMOREGULATION
NITROGEN WASTE :
_________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY
Needs MOST water to dilute
_________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)
_________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to
dilute)
AMMONIA
UREA
URIC ACID
10 Body Systems :6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
Skeleton on inside = _______________
Skeleton on outside = _______________
SKELETAL
ENDOSKELETON
EXOSKELETON
10 Body Systems :7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself
OR
move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)
MUSCULAR
10 Body Systems : 8. _____________________
Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________
REPRODUCTIVE
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________
10 Body Systems : ______________ DEVELOPMENT
immature LARVA looks different than adult
__________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults
INDIRECT
DIRECT
Sperm and egg join outside female’s body =___________________
Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________
External fertilization
Internal fertilization
9. ___________________
Receive sensory infoabout environment &
send response signals
NERVOUS
10. __________________
Make hormones that regulate other body systems
(only in higher animals)
ENDOCRINE
ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!DIGESTIVE WASTE
NITROGENWASTE
WHERE ITS MADE?
Body system used?
In what form?
made by cells from break down of proteins
Handled by excretory system
ammonia, urea, or uric acid
Feces (poop)
left over from undigested food
Handled by digestive system
Kinds of Symmetry
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
___________________No symmetry
Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.
ASYMMETRY
_______ Symmetry
Get 2 identical halves in several directions.
Radial
___________ Symmetry
If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images
BUT only divides equally in ONE direction
Bilateral
All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ
layers in their embryosEndoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory
Digestive system, respiratory
Outer skin, brain, nervous system
Types of Coeloms (See-lums)No cavity (space) around organs
ACOELOM = “without space”
Types of CoelomsSpace around organs but only lined with
mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
PSEUDOCOELOM
Kinds of CoelomsEUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined
on BOTH sides by mesoderm
EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES
ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!
3 Types of Coeloms
ectodermmesodermendoderm
ACOELOM
PSEUDOCOELOM
EUCOELOM
Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):
In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells
Provides space for internal organs
Which way is up?
ANTERIORhead end POSTERIOR
tail end
DORSAL (top)
VENTRAL (underneath)
________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)
CEPHALIZATION