introducing arcgis chapter 1. objectives understand the architecture of the arcgis program. become...
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Introducing ArcGISChapter 1
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Objectives Understand the architecture of the ArcGIS
program. Become familiar with the types of data files
used in ArcGIS. Learn how to explore data files using
ArcCatalog.
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Storing Map Data Vector vs. Raster x, y coordinates (sometimes z) Attribute
Information represented (i.e., soil type)
Georeferenced Tied to a specific location on the Earth’s surface
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Vector Model Features
X, Y coordinates Points Lines Polygons
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Vector Model Point
1 x, y coordinate Line
2 x, y coordinates Nodes
Polygon More than 2 x, y coordinates Vertex (vertices)
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Vector Model Feature Classes
1 type of geometry Share a table containing
their attributes Have like attributes
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Vector Model FID (feature identification code) Thematic mapping
Displaying features based on their value
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Vector Model Storing feature classes
Shapefiles (shp) One feature class
Coverages
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More storage… Feature Datasets
Roads Traffic lights Railroads Gas stations
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Fact of the day….
A regular hen's egg has about 7,000 tiny pores in its shell.
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Two basic models… Topological
Stores spatial relationships
between features in addition
to their x, y coordinates. Spaghetti
Stores spatial features as
a series of x, y coordinates Does not store topological
relationships
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Benefits of Vector Stores with high degree of
precision Flexibility Mapmaking Compact storage Certain types of analysis
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Drawbacks of Vector Does not store continuous
information well Elevation, precipitation, etc.
Time consuming analysis
for some types
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Raster Model
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Raster Model Grid-cell Row and column Land use Resolution
Higher=more precise Lower=less precise
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Two types of Raster Discrete
Few values repeat themselves Roads
Continuous Range smoothly from
one location to another Elevation
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Benefits of Raster Continuous data Analysis are simple to
perform Map algebra
Algebraic expression
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Drawbacks to Raster Precision vs. storage Ability to store
attributes To store geology and
infiltration values, need two rasters
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ArcGIS overview ArcMap
Display, analyze, edit
spatial data ArcCatalog
Viewing and maintaining
spatial data files ALWAYS use to delete,
copy, rename, move files
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ArcToolbox Collection of tools and
functions More can be
downloaded
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Data Files Shapefiles
Only one feature class Points, lines, polygons Green icons Must contain:
.shp The main file that stores
the feature geometry .shx
The file that stores the index of the feature geometry
.dbf The database of
attributes
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Coverages Oldest Multiple feature sets
.adf (arc data file) Yellow icons
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Geodatabases Multiple feature classes Include tables Rules
Stop light must be on road
2 types: Personal
Ind. & Microsoft Access
Enterprise Groups and editing
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Database connections Permits users to log in
and utilize data from an enterprise geodatabase.
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Layer Files Does not contain
spatial data How it should be
displayed Store symbols
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Rasters Binary format
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Tables Unassociated with
spatial data set Standalone tables .dbf (dBase format)
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Others Grids
Raster format Internet Servers
Image=print Feature=download
TINs Triangulated Irregular
Networks 3-D
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CAD drawings Created in CAD can be
read by ArcGIS Cannot be edited unless
converted
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Metadata Data about data Who created? Time relevant? Coordinate system? What the fields
mean?
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Context Menus Right click on name
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Left click on symbol
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Right click on symbol
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Object Properties
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Arc Catalog ALWAYS used to
copy, delete, rename, modify spatial data.
Viewing files
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Preview tab Geography or Table
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Metadata Decode what the
information is telling you!!!
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ArcToolbox About 30 tools Develop your own
tools ModelBuilder
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Thank you for your time….
I know that it has been a LOOOONNGG day, but you will get to practice, I promise!!!!