Introduce Organic Introduce Organic Molecules with a FoldableMolecules with a Foldable

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, ProteinAcid, Protein

On top of foldable: picture On top of foldable: picture and main purposeand main purpose

Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules Contain the element carbon, (C)Contain the element carbon, (C) Comes from something livingComes from something living These are LifeThese are Life’’s Substancess Substances Grouped into four categories Grouped into four categories

LipidsLipids CarbohydratesCarbohydrates ProteinsProteins Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid

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Lipid or fatsLipid or fats Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Is Is non-polarnon-polar, therefore does not like water and will , therefore does not like water and will

not work with it or stick to itnot work with it or stick to it Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Examples: oil, butter, fat on meatExamples: oil, butter, fat on meat Can look like:Can look like:

Straight or saturated Straight or saturated

with single bondswith single bonds Kinked or unsaturated Kinked or unsaturated

with double bondswith double bonds

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Remember: What is polar?

http://pirate.shu.edu/~rawncarr/molmodel/fattyacids.jpg

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): store energystore energy Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and

oxygen (O)oxygen (O) Examples: sugar, pasta, celluloseExamples: sugar, pasta, cellulose Can Be:Can Be:

Small = Small = monomonosaccharidesaccharide

space for picturespace for picture Medium = Medium = didisaccharidesaccharide

Large = Large = polypolysaccharidesaccharide

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Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid Function: store cellFunction: store cell’’s information in the s information in the

form of a codeform of a code Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P

(phosphorus)(phosphorus) Examples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATPExamples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATP Made of: nucleotidesMade of: nucleotides

Nucleotides made of: sugar, P & NNucleotides made of: sugar, P & N

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Nash Lab: DNA extraction from Kiwi

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ProteinsProteins Function (Purpose): Function (Purpose): assist all chemical reactions of the assist all chemical reactions of the

body body Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and

nitrogen (N)nitrogen (N) Made of: Amino Acids (AA)Made of: Amino Acids (AA) Examples: meat, egg white, enzymeExamples: meat, egg white, enzyme

Enzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reactionEnzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reaction Can look like:Can look like:

A string of pearlsA string of pearls A globA glob

Gammer solves AIDS protein questionsGammer solves AIDS protein questions

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Primary, 1o = string of pearls

Secondary, 20 = like an accordian

Tertiary, 30 = folded on itself, held by hydrogen bonds

Quaterinary, 40 = folded with other proteins, held by H-bonds

Enzyme (a type of protein)Enzyme (a type of protein) -molecules (usually proteins) that speed--molecules (usually proteins) that speed-

up chemical reactionsup chemical reactions -act as -act as catalystscatalysts which reduce the which reduce the

activation energy required for a activation energy required for a reaction (and speed up the reaction)reaction (and speed up the reaction)

Carbonic anhydrase, COS + water H2CO3 200/hr, with anhydrase 600T/sec. c enzyme 10MX faster

Enzymes cont.Enzymes cont.

Enzymes are specific, they only Enzymes are specific, they only work on a SPECIFIC substratework on a SPECIFIC substrate

Work like a LOCK & KEY modelWork like a LOCK & KEY model

ENZYME

A B

BA

ENZYME

BA

ENZYME

A & B are substrates

Active site

Enzymescan be reused

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

New product

What determined whether or not the What determined whether or not the this enzyme will this enzyme will ““workwork”” for this for this substrate?substrate?

SHAPESHAPE

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ENZYME

A B

V. Enzymes cont.V. Enzymes cont.

What affects enzymes?What affects enzymes?

In lab tomorrow will test temperature In lab tomorrow will test temperature and pHand pH

We need to be sure to come back to We need to be sure to come back to this slide to fill it in.this slide to fill it in.

Energy and Chemical ReactionsEnergy and Chemical Reactions

IV. IV. Activation Energy – the Activation Energy – the ““sparkspark”” (amount of (amount of E) needed to start a chemical reactionE) needed to start a chemical reaction

Energy Releasing Rxn Energy-Absorbing Reaction

E releasedE absorbed

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Organic QuizOrganic Quiz

1. What are the four groups of organic 1. What are the four groups of organic molecules?molecules?

2.2. What is the function of both What is the function of both carbohydrates and lipids?carbohydrates and lipids?

3.3. What elements are in carbohydrates What elements are in carbohydrates and lipids?and lipids?

4.4. Give an example of a lipid.Give an example of a lipid.5.5. Give an example of a carbohydrate.Give an example of a carbohydrate.6.6. What is the What is the ““bigbig”” name for a name for a

carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?