Interrelationship of Interrelationship of Learning Objectives, Learning Objectives,

Instructional Methods and Instructional Methods and ResourcesResources

University of the PhilippinesCollege of Education

Educational Technology DepartmentEDTECH 101

Ferdinand B. Pitagan, PhDProfessor of Education

AA____ learners ____ learners

SS____ objectives ____ objectives

SS____ instructional methods, ____ instructional methods, media, and materials media, and materials

UU____ media and materials ____ media and materials

RR____ learner participation____ learner participation EE____ and revise ____ and revise

AAnalyze learners nalyze learners

SState objectives tate objectives

SSelect instructional methods, elect instructional methods, media, and materials media, and materials

UUtilize media and materials tilize media and materials

RRequire learner participationequire learner participation EEvaluate and revise valuate and revise

““ASSURE Model Overview”ASSURE Model Overview”““ASSURE Model Overview”ASSURE Model Overview”

ASSURE ModelASSURE Model

1) Instructional Systems Design model1) Instructional Systems Design model

2) A Process model2) A Process model

3) To help teachers3) To help teachers

Agenda

Beginning Points

2) State Objectives

3) Select 3 Ms (Methods, Media, Materials)

1) Analyze Learners

Ending Points

AAnalyze learnersnalyze learners

Understand your target audience

1) General characteristics

2) Specific entry competencies

3) Learning styles

1) General characteristics

grade, age, ethnic group, sex, mental, emotional, physical, or social problems, socioeconomic level …..

AAnalyze learnersnalyze learners

2) Specific entry competencies

prior knowledge, skills, and attitudes

AAnalyze learnersnalyze learners

3) Learning styles

verbal, logical, visual, musical, structured, and so on.

AAnalyze learnersnalyze learners

Different scholars Different scholars

approach approach

learning stylelearning style differently differently..

<Learning Style><Learning Style>

Active learnersActive learners vs vs Reflective Reflective learnerslearners

Sensing learnersSensing learners vs vs Intuitive learnersIntuitive learners

Visual learnersVisual learners vs vs Verbal learnersVerbal learners

Sequential learnersSequential learners vs vs Global Global learnerslearners

One example….(Solomon & Felder)One example….(Solomon & Felder)

Another example….Another example….

Dunn & Dunn ModelDunn & Dunn Model

21 elements21 elements 55 stimuli stimuli

1)1)

2)2)

3)3)

4)4)

5)5)

Sound --- --- silence, orsilence, or background noise or background noise or music?music?

Light --- soft, dim, or bright light while --- soft, dim, or bright light while studyingstudying? ?

Temperature --- --- from a cool room from a cool room to a warm room?to a warm room?

Class design --- --- at a traditional settingat a traditional setting? ? Or a more informal arrangementOr a more informal arrangement??

Environmental PreferencesEnvironmental Preferences

Motivation: self-motivated? contact with peers?

Persistence: one task at a time? multitasking?

 Responsibility: independently?

frequent feedback/guidance?

Structure: being told what to do? working on your own?

Emotional PreferencesEmotional Preferences

Sociological PreferencesSociological Preferences

Self: work alone?  

Pair: working with one other person? 

Peers and Team: working as a team member?

Adult: with an adult and/or teacher?

Variety Versus Concentrating in Routines or Patterns?

Physiological PreferencesPhysiological Preferences

  

Perceptual: visual, auditory, kinesthetic?

Intake: drink? Chew gums? munching on snacks?

 Time: early morning, late morning,

early/late afternoon, or evening?

Mobility: for a long period of time or move constantly?

Psychological PreferencesPsychological Preferences

  

Global-Analytic: Holistic learning? Analytic style of learning?

 Hemisphericity: Left-brain individuals?

Right-brain dominance ?

Impulsive-Reflective: Quick thinker? Various alternatives?

Why?Why?

State objectives

State objectives

Provide directionFocused activities

Help decide

content, methods

Knowledge about achievementKnowledge about achievement

1) Behavioral Objectives1) Behavioral Objectives

AA : Audience – student’s perspective : Audience – student’s perspective

BB : Behavior – use action verbs : Behavior – use action verbs

C C : Conditions of performance: Conditions of performance

DD : Degree – performance standard : Degree – performance standard

State objectives

Example: Behavioral ObjectivesExample: Behavioral Objectives

Given ten sentences (C), the student (A) will identify the parts of speech in a sentence (B) with 100 percent accuracy (D).

State objectives

Example: Behavioral ObjectivesExample: Behavioral Objectives

Fifth grade social studies students (Audience) will be able to name (Behavior) at least 90% (Degree) of the state capitals when given a list of states (Condition).

State objectives

2) Cognitive Objectives2) Cognitive Objectives

- a general objective- a general objective- one or more performance - one or more performance

statementsstatements

State objectives

Example: Cognitive ObjectivesExample: Cognitive Objectives

The student will explain the The student will explain the meaning of a story:meaning of a story:

- by summarizing the plot- by summarizing the plot- by identifying the - by identifying the

characterscharacters- by describing meanings - by describing meanings

of the of the characters’ actions characters’ actions

State objectives

Be aware of Be aware of incidental learning & incidental learning &

individual individual difference!!difference!!

State objectives

Activity

2) Affective domain (Attitude change)3) Motor skill domain (Physical skills)4) Interpersonal domain

1) Cognitive domain

As a group, develop at least 2 behavioral objectives and 2 cognitive objectives.

Select 3 Ms:

1) instructional Methods,

2) Media, and

3) Materials

Fill in the blanks. 1.Presentation2.( )3.Discussion4.Drill and Practice5.( )6.( )7.Gaming8.( )9.Discovery10.( )

1) Select instructional Methods,

Fill in the blanks.1.Presentation2.( Demonstration )3.Discussion4.Drill and Practice5.( Tutorial )6.( Cooperative learning )7.Gaming8.( Simulation )9.Discovery10.( Problem Solving )

1) Select instructional Methods,

2) Select Media,

instructional methods

Objectives

Learners

3) Select Materials

software programs, music, videotapes, images, written handouts, and internet sites.

Examples??

3) Select Materials

selecting available materials

modifying existing

materials

Creating new Creating new materialsmaterials

3) Select Materials

Selection criteria?

Matching curriculum? Accurate and current? Clear/concise language? Motivate/maintain interest? Learner participation? Technical quality? Evidence of its effectiveness? Free from bias and advertising? A user guide included?