International Workshop on Research Policy – Incentives and Institutions – Ministry of Finance and Economics – Rome, Italy November 28th, 2002

"Research Policy in Germany. The German Approach to Search for Quality and Better Results in Research"

by Dr. Bernd Ebersold, Director, Department for Research Policy and Foreign Relations,

Max Planck Society

R&D expenditure of the Federal Republic of Germany by financing sector (2001)

Total R&D expenditure: € 52,1 billion

Federal States

(Länder)15%

Non-profit sector

Federal Government

17%

Business enterprise

sector67%

€ 34,8 billion

€ 7,6 billion

€ 8,4 billion

1

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development - financing and

performing sectors€ billion, 2001

34.8 16.0

Business enterprise sector Government PNP-Sector Abroad

0.2 1.1

GERD: 52.1

37.2

Business Enterprise Sector

6.8

Government andPNP Sector

8.1

Universities and Universitiesof Applied Sciences 2

Structure of German research funding (simplified system)

Federal Government Federal states(Länder)

Business enterprise sector

DFG

HGF

MPG

FhG

WGL

Higher education sector

(universities)

Intramural research laboratories

AiF institutes

Industry-relatedR&D institutions

Federal R&D institutions

Länder R&Dinstitutions

Academies 3

Structure of Matter

Energy

Health

Transport and Space

Earth and Environment

Key Technologies

HGF-Research Fields

4

Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science

President: Prof. Peter Gruss

Secretary General: Dr. Barbara Bludau

80 Institutes11,600 employees plus 8,500 junior scientists Annual budget: € 1.25 billion

5

Locations I

6

Student Assistants, Ph.D.Students, Post-docs, Research Scholars and Guest Scientists (2001)

by Native Country

47

50

68

111

216

275

518

152

187

363

400

7511138

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Australia

Canada

Israel

Africa

J apan

Central and South America

India

Other Asian countries

USA

China

Russia

Other European countries

EU member states

Number of persons7

Biology & Medicine Section

37%

Chemistry, Physics & Technology Section

51%

Humanities Section12%

464

642

147

mio €

Expenditure 2002 acc. to Sections

Total € 1,252.6 mio

8

MPI for BIOCHEMISTRY, MartinsriedMPI for BIOLOGY, TübingenMPI for BIOPHYSICS, Frankfurt/MainMPI for VASCULAR BIOLOGY, MünsterMPI for BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, GöttingenMPI for EXPERIMENTAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Hannover/HanoverMPI for DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, TübingenResearch Center „Enzymology of Protein Folding“, Halle/SaaleMPI for MOLECULAR GENETICS, BerlinMPI for BRAIN RESEARCH, Frankfurt/MainMPI for IMMUNOBIOLOGY, FreiburgMPI for INFECTION BIOLOGY, BerlinMPI for BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS, TübingenMPI for LIMNOLOGY, PlönMPI for EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, GöttingenMPI for MEDICAL RESEARCH, HeidelbergMPI for MARINE MICROBIOLOGY, BremenMPI for TERRESTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY, MarburgResearch Units for Structural Molecular Biology at DESY, HamburgMPI for NEUROBIOLOGY, MartinsriedMPI for NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH, Köln/CologneMPI for CHEMICAL ECOLOGY, JenaResearch Center for Ornithologie, Andechs und RadolfzellMPI for MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GolmMPI for MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, DortmundMPI for PHYSIOL. AND CLINICAL RESEARCH, Bad NauheimMPI for PSYCHIATRIE, München/MunichMPI für PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Nijmegen, NLMPI for CELL BIOLOGY, Ladenburg b. HeidelbergMPI for MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS, DresdenMPI for PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, Köln/Cologne

BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SECTION

Internet: www.mpg.de 9

MPI for EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY , LeipzigMPI Bibliotheca Hertziana – Rome, ItalyMPI for HUMAN DEVELOPMENT , BerlinMPI for DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH , RostockMPI for SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY , Halle/SaaleMPI For HISTORY , GöttingenMPI for the STUDY of SOCIETIES , Köln/CologneMPI for INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, COMPETITION AND TAX LAW, München/MunichMPI for COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE , LeipzigMPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW, HamburgMPI for PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH , München/MunichMPI for EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY , Frankfurt/MainMPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL LAW, München/MunichMPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW, FreiburgMPI for COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, HeidelbergMPI for RESEARCH INTO ECONOMIC SYSTEMS , JenaMPI for the HISTORY OF SCIENCE , Berlin

HUMANITIES SECTION

Internet: www.mpg.de 10

MPI for AERONOMY , Katlenburg-LindauMPI for ASTRONOMY , HeidelbergMPI for ASTROPHYSICS , GarchingMPI for BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , JenaMPI for CHEMISTRY (Otto-Hahn-Institut) , MainzMPI for DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS, MagdeburgMPI for IRON RESEARCH , DüsseldorfMPI For SOLID STATE RESEARCH , StuttgartFritz Haber Institute, BerlinMPI for GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS, Golm b. PotsdamMPI for COMPUTER SCIENCE, SaarbrückenMPI for NUCLEAR PHYSICS, HeidelbergMPI for COAL RESEARCH , Mülheim/RuhrMPI for COLLOID AND INTERFACE RESEARCH , Golm/PotsdamMPI for MATHEMATICS , BonnMPI for MATHEMATICS IN THE SCIENCES, LeipzigMPI for METALS RESEARCH , StuttgartMPI for METEOROLOGY , HamburgMPI for MICROSTRUCTURE PHYSICS, Halle/SaaleMPI for PHYSICS, München/MunichMPI for the PHYSICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS , DresdenMPI for CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF SOLIDS, DresdenMPI for EXTRATERRESTRIAL PHYSICS , GarchingMPI for PLASMA PHYSICS , GarchingMPI for POLYMER RESEARCH , MainzMPI for QUANTUM OPTICS , GarchingMPI for RADIO ASTRONOMY , BonnMPI for RADIATION CHEMISTRY , Mülheim/RuhrMPI for FLOW RESEARCH , Göttingen

CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS and TECHNOLOGY SECTION

Internet: www.mpg.de 11

Essential Cornerstones

sound financial support independence/autonomy quality control/evaluation system international cooperation support of young researchers

The Max Planck SocietyResearch at the Frontier of Knowledge

Max Planck Society

Mission

12

BMBF:Higher Investment into R&D and Education – combined with structural reforms

more competition-oriented funding new ways of steering and managing universities and research centers new career paths for young researchers performance-oriented pay for professors science and industry – closer links new attitudes vis-à-vis and support of entrepreneurship public understanding of science – Wissenschaft im Dialog Integration into European Research Area and internationalization

13

Genome research, biotechnology und health research Environmental and climate research Production research and materials research Nanotechnology and optical technologies Information and communication technologies Energy research Mobility and transport research Space research and technology

Priorities in research funding

BMBF:

14

Components of Successful Research

Research Concept

Research Personality

Research Team

15

Max Planck Institutes are responsible for

determining their research areas

choosing their research structure (i.e., departments/projects)

independently recruiting their own personnel

managing the institute‘s budget

acquiring third-party funds

selecting their national and international cooperation

partners, as well as the form of collaboration

Autonomy at Max Planck Institutes

16

• Performed every 2 yrs. by the scientific advisory boards of the institutes • Extended evaluation every 6 yrs.

Ex Post Evaluation

• Establishing institutes

• Appointments• Program concepts• Concepts for individual scientific proposals

Ex Ante Evaluation

• Evaluations commissioned by donors and granting agencies

• Structure oriented presidential committee • Internal analysis of the activities and the performance

System Evaluation

Peer Review

Types of Evaluation

17

Internet: www.mpg.de

18