INTERNATIONAL WATERS IN AFRICA

COOPERATION AND GROWTHApril 11, 2013

Gustavo SaltielProgram Manager, CIWA

A Multi-Donor Program Supporting Cooperation in International Waters in Africa

2

Drought Exposure

Flood Exposure

High Climate Variability

Coastal Storms/Cyclones

Droughts

Floods

Total number of people affected annually (in thousands)

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (1)EXTREME EVENTS

Africa’s resilience hinges on its

management of water

3

Power Outages, Days per Year, 2007–08

Cost more than 5% of GDP in Malawi, Uganda and South Africa, and 1-5% in Senegal, Kenya and Tanzania (Foster and Briceno-Garmendia, 2010).

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Elec

tric

ity

Gen

erati

on (B

illio

n Kw

h)

MENA

AFR

NA

LAC

EAP

ECA

18

4

85

21 1

26

55

38

29

20

4

11

4

58

1

90

0

43

0

2108

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Ca

me

roo

n

Nig

eri

a

Eth

iop

ia

Ke

nya

Ta

nza

nia

Ug

an

da

Bu

rkin

a F

aso

Gh

an

a

Se

ne

ga

l

Alg

eri

a

Eg

ypt

Mo

rocc

o

Wo

rld

Ave

rag

e

Ele

c c

on

su

mp

tio

n (

kW

h/y

r)/C

ap

ita

(United States consumption - 11994 kWh/yr/capita)

500 kWh/capita-year minimum consumption for reasonable quality of life

Potential and actual hydropower generation in different regions

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Economically-feasible potential (millions of GWh/year)

% o

f p

ote

nti

al

tap

ped

Africa Asia (including China)

N AmericaEurope

S America

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (2)ENERGY NEEDS

Data Sources: GPWv3 (CIESIN and CIAT, 2005)

WORLD BANKAFRICA

Spatial ServicesHelpdesk

Population in 2000

2010

2025

Kinshasa

Cairo

LagosKhartoum

Dar-es-Salaam

Cape Town

Dakar8.7 million

15 million

5.6 million

Data Source: UN Agglomerations Population Data

Gross Cell Productin 2005

(1995 US$, billions)

Source: The World Bank AFR Water Resources in a Changing Climate, 2010 based on data from GECON GDP Dataset, Yale University 2010

Areas that contribute to Africa’s GDPGrowing Cities

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (3)POP. GROWTH & URBANISATION

Basic services need scaling up to meet the needs of fast

growing populations & urbanization

5

Sea levels will rise…

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (4)CLIMATE CHANGE

Africa needs growth and adaptive capacity to cope with rising temperatures, sea levels, and precipitation uncertainty.

10

11

12

13

14

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Lev

el a

bov

e Ji

nja

gau

ge (m

)

Year

High variability in lake levels (e.g. Lake Victoria)

• Historical Climate variability is high (e.g. temp, precipitation)• Temperatures and sea levels are expected to rise with

climate change• Implications on future precipitation and runoff is uncertain

(climate models do not agree for most basins)

Need for Transformative Activities to Scale

The Transformative Program will address development challenges in Africa through interventions in:

• Irrigation and water use efficiency for agriculture

• Watershed management

• Flood and other disaster risk reduction

• Power production and transmision

• Technical capacity building and knowledge systems

As many of the transformative projects involve water as a primary resource, they must be developed in a coordinated manner, so as not to foreclose future development opportunities or to impact negatively on other development. Hence, the need for a regional, basin approach.

• Supports cooperative management and development of transboundary river basins, lakes, and aquifers in Sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on sustainable, climate-resilient growth

• Incorporates lessons learned from past World Bank engagement with clients on transboundary water issues in the Nile, Niger, Zambezi, and Senegal river basins

• Retains program flexibility to respond to demands, needs, and opportunities specific to the context of client basins

What is CIWA?

Cooperation of International Waters in Africa

CIWA’s Strategic PositioningCIWA is strategically positioned to work with regional and country level organizations to map out strategies that improve resiliency and promote sustainable growth through transformative projects.

• Cooperation among riparians and a regional development approach has the potential for a multiplier effect

• CIWA’s program flexibility allows for a wide variety of engagements (analytical work, institutional strengthening, investment)

• CIWA enables development partners harmonization in water management and development in Africa

• CIWA’s positioning within the World Bank allows it to build upon a deep, long-standing partnership with recipient countries

• Moreover, CIWA intends to be a “catalyzer” for growth through provision of “just-in-time”, specific analytical work

Transformative Projects in Africa (1)

Pwalugu Multipurpose Project (Ghana, Burkina Faso, Volta River Authority – Volta Basin) • Generates substantial multi-sector benefits – irrigation, hydropower, fisheries, water

supply, flood control – to meet growing regional economic needs

Lesotho Highlands Water Project – Phase 2 (Lesotho, South Africa)• Affirms Lesotho as the ‘water tower’ of southern Africa• Provides water critical for sustainable growth in South Africa’s water scarce Gauteng

Region; Major source of potential revenue for Lesotho• Possibility to include energy production through pumped storage

Africa Hydromet Program (Africa-wide)• Reduces vulnerability to floods and droughts; improves resilience to climate risks• Improves performance of water infrastructure b(e.g. by providing flow forecasting)• Enhances regional cooperation

Transformative Projects in Africa (2)Rehabilitation of Lake Chad (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon – Niger Basin) • Potential to imapct 22 million people in region that depend on Lake Chad’s resources• Rapidly diminishing Lake Chad (10% of size 40 years ago – 2,500 of 25,000km2) is

situated in a strategic geographic area

Kenya Water Security and Climate Resilience Project (Kenya – Nile Basin)• Improves economic livelihoods and reduces migration and social conflict• Improves quality of investment planning, preparation, and decision-making for water

security and climate resilience – so that Government of Kenya pursues the most transformational new projects

Nile Equatorial Lakes Water Resource Development (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)• Provides irrigation, hydropower, water access, land management to impoverished

areas• Targets watersheds of regional significance in the Nile; develops in sustainable

manner

Supporting Cooperation through Investments in DevelopmentRusumo Falls Hydroelectric Project

• 80MW run of the river hydropower plant on the Kagera River on the Tanzania-Rwanda border

• Flagship project for the Nile Basin – first of regional investment projects prepared under NBTF

• Total US$430M: 340M IDA, 90M AfDB

• Transmission lines to Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi

• Roughly 26MW to each country – half of current installed capacity in Burundi, and a third of that in Rwanda!

• Minimum impact due to RoR design; detailed resettlement

Focusing on an important investment priority has enhanced cooperation among riparians and Nile Basin governments in general