intelligent helmet for coal miners

1

INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINERS

Department of Electrical EngineeringNEHRU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CENTREPampady, Thiruvilwamala, Thrissur – 680 588, Kerala, INDIA

Group members Guided byAKHIL KRISHNAN V (NCAMEEE011) Mr. ANOOP KUMAR MVARUN P S (NCAMEEE026) Asst. Professor,EEE Dept.D YATHISHAN (NCAMEEE036)JOMICE THOMAS (NCAMEEE051)

Department Of Electrical Engineering 2

OBJECTIVE

To provide greater security in coal mining, we are introducing a

new technology that can be incorporated in the helmet used by coal

miners which will act as “ INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR

COAL MINERS”.


METHODOLOGY

Our project consists of two sections transmitting end and

receiving end. The receiving end consists of power supply unit.

Our group had completed the power supply unit which consists

of a bridge rectifier.

Output of the bridge rectifier is fed to regulators 7805 and

7809 which gives an output voltage of 5V and 9V.


The 5V supply is fed to run the LCD display and the

ZIGBEE module. The 9V supply is used to charge the battery

which runs the PIC and ZIGBEE transmitter.


BLOCK DIAGRAM


COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION

MICRO CONTROLLER PIC16F887 40 PIN, 220uA (2.0V, 4MHz), 11uA (2.0 V, 32 KHz) 50nA

ALPHA NUMERIC LCD DISPLAY 2 X 16 VIEWING AREA

GAS SENSORS CO2 AND METHANE SENSORS

MQ6

TEMPERATURE SENSOR CALIBRATED IN CELSIUS LM35

HUMIDITY SENSOR SENSES THE HUMIDITY 1 V, 0.22 MW, 0-60 ̊C

BUZZERS


COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

The PIC16F887

It is one of the latest products from Microchip. It features all the components which

modern microcontrollers normally have. For its low price, wide range of application,

high quality and easy availability, it is an ideal solution in applications such as: the

control of different processes in industry, machine control devices, measurement of

different values etc. Some of its main features are listed below.

• RISC architecture

o Only 35 instructions to learn

o All single-cycle instructions except branches

• Operating frequency 0-20 MHz


• Precision internal oscillator

o Factory calibrated

o Software selectable frequency of 4MHz

• Power supply voltage 2.0-5.5V

o Consumption: 220uA (2.0V, 4MHz), 11uA (2.0 V, 32 KHz) 50nA (stand-by

mode)


• 33 input/output pins

o High current source/sink for direct LED drive

o software and individually programmable pull-up resistor

o Interrupt-on-Change pin

• 8K ROM memory in FLASH technology

o Chip can be reprogrammed up to 100 times

• In-Circuit Serial Programming Option

o Chip can be programmed even embedded in the target device


• 256 bytes EEPROM memory

o Data can be written more than 1000 times

• 368 bytes RAM memory

• A/D converter:

o 14-channels

o 10-bit resolution

• 3 independent timers/counters

• Watch-dog timer


• Analogue comparator module with

o Two analogue comparators

o Fixed voltage reference (0.6V)

o Programmable on-chip voltage reference

• PWM output steering control

• Enhanced USART module


2X16 ALPHA NUMERIC LCD

The LCD display line consists of two lines, 16 characters per line that is interfaced to the

PIC16F887.The display contains two thermal byte-wide registers, one for commands

(instruction) (RS=0) and the second for characters (data) to be displayed (RS=1).It also

contains a user-programmed RAM area that can be programmed to generate any desired

character that can be formed using a dot matrix. To distinguish between these two data, the

hex command byte 80 will be used to signify that the display RAM address 00h will be

chosen port1is used to furnish the command and ports 3.2 to 3.4 furnish register select and

read/write levels


GAS SENSOR

Gas sensor is a device that detects the presence of gases like carbon

monoxide, methane and other toxic gases and if exceeds the threshold limit

produces an alarm through the buzzer. The common types of gas sensor are:

Ionization gas sensor MQ6

Photoelectric gas sensor

Photoelectric gas sensors are faster in detecting smoldering fires. Ionization

gas sensors are better at detecting the flaming fires.


TEMPERATURE SENSORS

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors,

whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (centigrade)

temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature

sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large

constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient scaling. The LM35

does not require any external calibration of trimming to provide typical

accuracies of ±1/40C at room temperature and ±3/40C over a full -55 to -

150C temperature range.


HUMIDITY SENSOR

Humidity sensors are gaining more significance in diverse areas

of measurement and controlling technology. The amount of the

water present in the air is nothing but the humidity. Humidity

sensor used is SHT21.


BUZZER

It is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in

automobiles. It mostly consists of a number of switches or sensors

connected to a control unit. These buzzers are available in

lightweight compact sizes ranging from the smallest diameter of

12mm to large Piezo electric sounders. Today piezoelectric sound

components are used in home appliances, audio equipment etc.


POWER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM


TRANSFORMER: The transformer will step down the power

supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-12V) .

BRIDGE RECTIFIER: It perform the ac to dc conversion.

FILTER:A RC filter is used to eliminate the ripples present in

the output.

IC 7812:At the output of IC 7812 we get a regulated 12v DC.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13

OSC2/CLKOUT14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16

RC2/CCP1 17

RC3/SCK/SCL 18

RD0/PSP0 19

RD1/PSP1 20

RB7/PGD 40RB6/PGC 39RB5 38RB4 37

RB3/PGM 36RB2 35RB1 34

RB0/INT 33

RD7/PSP7 30RD6/PSP6 29RD5/PSP5 28RD4/PSP4 27RD3/PSP3 22RD2/PSP2 21

RC7/RX/DT 26RC6/TX/CK 25RC5/SDO 24

RC4/SDI/SDA 23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

U2

PIC16F877A

D7

14D

613

D5

12D

411

D3

10D

29

D1

8D

07

E6

RW

5R

S4

VS

S1

VD

D2

VE

E3

LCD2LM016L

X1CRYSTAL

C1

22pF

C2

22pF

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13

OSC2/CLKOUT14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16

RC2/CCP1 17

RC3/SCK/SCL 18

RD0/PSP0 19

RD1/PSP1 20

RB7/PGD 40RB6/PGC 39RB5 38RB4 37

RB3/PGM 36RB2 35RB1 34

RB0/INT 33

RD7/PSP7 30RD6/PSP6 29RD5/PSP5 28RD4/PSP4 27RD3/PSP3 22RD2/PSP2 21

RC7/RX/DT 26RC6/TX/CK 25RC5/SDO 24

RC4/SDI/SDA 23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

U2

PIC16F877A

D7

14D

613

D5

12D

411

D3

10D

29

D1

8D

07

E6

RW

5R

S4

VS

S1

VD

D2

VE

E3

LCD2LM016L

5 v

R110k

RESET

X14 MHz

C1

22pF

C2

22pF

VI

1V

O3

GND2

U27805

5v

DC

50

%

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

10k

HUMIDITY SENSOR

R2

10k

R3

10k

R4

10k

R5

10k

R6

10k

R7

10k

R8

10k

R9

10kR10

10kR11

10k

BATTERY

GAS SENSOR

RXD

RTS

TXD

CTS

ZIGBEE


POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

• Each one of the blocks has its own special functions regarding the whole system.

• The ac voltage, typically 230V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac

voltage down to the level of the desired dc output.


A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is

initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc

voltage.

This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage

variation.

IC 7812 voltage regulator circuit removes the ripples and also

remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies, or

the load connected to the output dc voltage changes.


FLOW CHART


THANK YOU!!!!