integrated municipal solid waste management...

Prepared By Wolkem India Limited

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

&

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE (Under Clause 6 of S.O.1533 of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006)

INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSING FACILITY

At Village -Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: - 23.56 Acre,

Thana Number 242, Khata No-58, District-Deoghar (Jharkhand),

Toposheet No. 72 L/10 & 11, 72 L 14 & 15,

CATEGORY OF PROJECT - “A” Project schedule 7(i)

(Interstate boundary (Bihar) is at distance about 2.65 km in NNW)

COST: 3721.07/- Lakhs

Processing Facility:-200TPD

(Capacity of Aerobic Compost Plant – 90TPD & RDF Processing Plant Capacity – 110 TPD)

STUDY PERIOD-OCTOBER 2018 TO DECEMBER 2018

PREPARED BY:- WOLKEM INDIA LIMITED NABET Certificate No: NABET/EIA/1720/RA0080 Valid Till 19/04/2020, NABL Accredited & Recognized MOEFCC, New Delhi. E- 101-102, Mewar Industrial Area, Madri, Udaipur, Pin Code 313003, Rajasthan Phone No. 0294-6452067, Fax: 0294-2491826

APPLICANT:- Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh (Municipal Commissioner) Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Court Road, Deoghar Dist.: , Jharkhand Pin- 814112 0643-2232786 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).

2 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited

NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

SHW Solid Hazardous Waste

AMSL Above Mean Sea Level

AAQ Ambient Air Quality

ADS Air Density Separator / De-stoner

Bgl Below Ground Level

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CMWMF Common Municipal Waste Management Facilities

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering

Organization

CSI City Sanitary Inspector

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

D2D Door-to-door

DMC Deoghar Municipal Corporation

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

dB Decibel

DO Dissolved Oxygen

EAC Expert Appraisal Committee

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EAC Expert Appraisal Committee

ETP Effluent Treatment Plant

EMC Environmental Management Cell

EMP Environment Management Plan

EPA The Environment Protection Act

GLC Ground Level Concentration

GOI Government Of India

GIS Geographic Information System

Ha Hectare

HH Households

HDPE High-Density Polyethylene

HMV Heavy Motor Vehicle

HFL High Flood Level

IMD Indian Meteorological Department

IS Indian Standards

ISWM Integrated Solid Waste Management

JIR Joint Inspection Report

KLD Kilo litre Per Day

Km Kilo Meter

Leq Equivalent Noise Level

LFL Low Flood Level

LCS Leachate Collection System



LDPE Low-density polyethylene

LOS Level of Service

LoI Letter of Intent

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MSW (M&H) Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)

MT Metric tone

O&M Operation and Maintenance

NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

NH National Highway

NOC No Objection Certificate

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCU Passenger Car Unit

PFR Pre- feasibility Report

PF/RF Protected Forest/Reserve Forest

PM10/2.5 Particulate Matter

PP Project Proponent

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QCI Quality Council of India

RL Reduced Level

R & R Plan Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan

RDF Refuse Derived Fuel

SH State Highway

SLF Sanitary Landfill Facility

SS Street Sweeping

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

SPCB State Pollution Control Board

ToR Terms of Reference

TPA Tonnes Per Annum

USEPA United State Environmental Protection Agency

ULB Urban Local Body

WPLF Waste Processing & Landfill

WTE Waste to Energy

N North

E East

W West

S South



INDEX

INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER-I ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT........................................................................................................................................... 13

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ........................................................................... 14

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO

THE COUNTRY, REGION. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY .................................................................................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER - II ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT............................................................................................................................................................. 31

2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................... 31

2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 37

2.4.1 CURRENT SCENARIO OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;- ......................................................... 37

2.4.2 ANALYSIS OF ISSUES IN CURRENT SYSTEM AND STATUS OF COMPLIANCE TO SWM RULES:- ...... 39

2.4.3 PROPOSED LAND BREAKUP FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ............................................ 45

2.4.4 MAN POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 47

2.4.5 WATER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 47

2.4.6 POWER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 48

2.5 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN .................................................................................................................. 49

2.5.1 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT SCOPE ........................................................................................................ 55

2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS ..................................................................................................................................... 57

2.6.1 OVERVIEW OF PROCESS FLOW CHART- ........................................................................................................................ 59

2.6.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF WASTE PROCESSING .................................................................................................... 60

(A) REFUSED DERIVED FUEL ............................................................................................................................................................ 60

(B) WINDROW COMPOSTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 63

(C) SANITARY LANDFILL ................................................................................................................................................................... 70

CHAPTER-III ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 79

3.1 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

3.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BASELINE FOR VALUED ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT .............................................. 82



3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................... 96

3.4 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 102

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................................................ 118

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 122

3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE STUDY AREA ...................................................................................... 129

CHAPTER-IV .............................................................................................................................................................................. 151

ANTICIPATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................................. 151

4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 151

4.2. IMPACTS DURING DEVELOPMENT PHASE .................................................................................................................... 151

4.2.1 IMPACTS DUE TO SOLID WASTE ...................................................................................................................................... 151

4.2.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................................... 153

4.2.3. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY .......................................................................................................................................... 153

4.2.4. IMPACT OF NOISE LEVELS .................................................................................................................................................. 154

4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE ......................................................................................................................... 155

4.3.1. IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................................. 155

4.3.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................... 156

4.3.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................... 158

4.3.4 IMPACT OF NOISE / VIBRATIONS & MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................ 159

4.3.4 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES....................................................... 160

4.3.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT & MITIGATION MEASURE .............................................. 161

4.3.6 IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY ................................................................................................... 164

CHAPTER-V ............................................................................................................................................................................... 165

5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................................................................... 165

5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016 ............................................................................................ 165

CHAPTER – VI ........................................................................................................................................................................... 168

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME .......................................................................................................................... 168

6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................... 168

6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 168

6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 170

6.4 PUBLIC HEALTH MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................. 180

6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 180

CHAPTER - VII .......................................................................................................................................................................... 181

ADDITIONAL STUDIES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 181

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 181



7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 181

7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................ 187

7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989 AS AMENDED

IN 1994 AND 2000:- ............................................................................................................................................................................. 200

7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................. 206

7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:- ................................................................................................... 210

CHAPTER - VIII ......................................................................................................................................................................... 211

PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 211

8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 211

8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 211

8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL ........................................................................................................................................................... 211

8.4. RECYCLING ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 212

8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: .................................................................................................... 212

8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 212

8.7 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 212

8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................... 213

CHAPTER – IX ........................................................................................................................................................................... 214

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................................................................................. 214

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................. 214

BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................ 220

9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 220

9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................................................... 221

9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................. 223

CHAPTER – X ............................................................................................................................................................................. 226

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 226

10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 226

10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT .................................................................................. 226

10.3 NEED OF PROJECT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 229

10.4 LAND DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 229

10.5DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE FACILITY:- ........................................................................................................... 230

10.6 BASELINE MONITORING STATUS ..................................................................................................................................... 231

10.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 233

10.8 RISK ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 235

10.9. PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................................. 235

CHAPTER – XI ........................................................................................................................................................................... 238



CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................................................................................................................................................... 238

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO-1.1 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................... 21

TABLE NO-2.1 COORDINATE OF THE PROPOSED AREA .............................................................................. 32

TABLE 2.2: COMPLIANCES OF SELECTED LANDFILL AS PER SWM RULES, 2016 ............................ 36

TABLE- 2.3 WARD WISE PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION ..................................................................... 38

TABLE- 2.4 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SWM SYSTEM IN DEOGHAR .......................................................... 38

TABLE-2.5 EXISTING VEHICLES AND TRIP DETAILS..................................................................................... 40

TABLE- 2.6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN ........ 42

TABLE- 2.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN ....... 43

TABLE- 2.8 WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION ............................................................................................... 44

TABLE 2.9 LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY ...................................................................... 45

TABLE 2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................................... 47

TABLE- 2.11 MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................ 50

TABLE NO-2.12 LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY AND OTHERS ................................................................. 62

TABLE: 2.13- QUALITY STANDARDS OF COMPOST PRODUCED (AS PER SMW RULE, 2016) ...... 64

TABLE: 3.14- LIST OF PLANT - MACHINE - EQUIPMENTS – COMPOST PLANT .................................. 69

TABLE NO-2.15 SUMMARY OF LANDFILL DESIGN ......................................................................................... 76

TABLE 3.1: LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE .............................................................. 82

TABLE 3.2: LAND USE DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................... 85

TABLE 3.3: WATER BODIES WITHIN STUDY AREA ........................................................................................ 86

TABLE 3.4: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................................ 91

TABLE 3.5 STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL........................................................................................... 92

TABLE- 3.6 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY OF SOIL SAMPLES ......................................................................... 93

TABLE 3.7: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLES ........................................................................................ 94

TABLE 3.8: LOCATION OF GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING IN THE STUDY AREA 98

TABLE 3.9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES ............................................................. 99

TABLE 3.10: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES ........................................................ 100

TABLE 3.11: LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS .................................................. 104

TABLE 3.12: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING METHOD .............................................................. 105



TABLE 3.13: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS .............................................................. 106

TABLE 3.14: SITE SPECIFIC MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY ................................... 107

TABLE 3.14 (A): MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED BY IMD STATION DUMKA

(1981- 1992) ................................................................................................................................................................. 107

TABLE 3.15: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULT ................................................................................................ 108

TABLE 3.16 COMPARISON OF AIR MONITORING RESULTS ..................................................................... 116

TABLE 3.17: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS ................................................................... 119

TABLE 3.18: NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (Unit – dBA) .................................................... 120

TABLE 3.19: CPCB NOISE STANDARD ................................................................................................................ 121

TABLE 3.20: TYPE OF RESERVE FOREST AND PROTECTED FOREST WITHIN STUDY AREA ... 124

TABLE 3.21: CHECKLIST OF VEGETATION IN STUDY AREA ................................................................... 124

TABLE 3.22: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA ................................................ 126

TABLE 3.23: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA ................................................ 128

TABLE 3.24: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION .............................................................................................. 138

TABLE 3.25: DISTRIBUTION OF POPOLATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE ............................................ 139

TABLE 3.26: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES ..................................................... 140

TABLE 3.27: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN ............................................................................................................. 142

TABLE 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA OF THE PROPOSED SITE ........................................................... 167

TABLE -6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................. 171

TBALE 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE ............................................ 174

TABLE-7.3 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS ...................................................................................................... 201

TABLE-9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .......................... 215

TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IN OPERATIONAL PHASE ............................. 217

TABLE NO-9.3 PROPOSED PLANTED SPECIES ............................................................................................... 222

TABLE NO-9.4 PROPOSED CER ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................ 224

TABLE-10.1: SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 227

TABLE 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE ......................................... 234

TABLE 10.5 MITIGATION MEASURE PROPOSED DURING OPERATION PERIOD ............................. 236



LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP ................................................................................................................... 17

FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE AREA ...................................................................................... 33

FIGURE 2.2: LOCATION MAP ................................................................................................................... 34

FIGURE 2.3: KEY PLAN OF THE AREA ................................................................................................. 35

FIGURE- 2.4 LAYOUT MAP OF THE AREA .......................................................................................... 46

FIGURE- 2.5 WATER FLOW DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ 48

FIGURE 2.6 COLLECTIONS, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MODEL 51

FIGURE 2.7 THREE BINS SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE ....................................... 52

FIGURE 2.8 PRIMARY COLLECTION ..................................................................................................... 53

FIGURE 2.9 SECONDARY COLLECTION ............................................................................................... 54

FIGURE 2.10 PROCESS FLOWCHART ................................................................................................... 59

FIGURE 3.1: COMPOSITE SAMPLING LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA. .................... 81

FIGURE 3.2: LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA. ................. 83

FIGURE 3.3: SATELLITE IMAGE OF 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA ........................... 84

FIGURE 3.4: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA ............................................................... 87

FIGURE- 3.5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA...................................................................... 88

FIGURE 3.6: SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA ................................................................................................... 90

FIGURE 3.7: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM .................................................................................................. 102



LIST OF ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE NO.- PARTICULAR

I SANKLAP PATRA

II LAND DOCUMENTS

III KHASRA PLAN

IV TOR LETTER

V PH MINUTES

VI ANALYSIS REPORT



Environment Impact Assesment &

Environment Management Plan



CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The purpose of this report is to prepare an environmental statement on assessment of likely

environmental impacts of proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility

(IMSWMF) with total processing capacity of 200TPD MSW (Aerobic Compost Plant-90TPD +

RDF Processing Plant– 110 TPD and Sanitary landfill area – 61425 sq m) for Deoghar Nagar

Nigam at Village –Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand.

It comprises of evaluation of existing MSWM practices, identifying deficiencies/gaps in the

present system and assessing adequacies of inbuilt pollution mitigation measures included in

the engineering design of proposed IMSWMF to be created in accordance with the

requirements of SWM Rules 2016.

The proposed project is categorized under Item “7(i) Common Municipal Solid Waste Management

Facility (CMSWMF)” in the EIA Notification, dated September 14, 2006 issued by Ministry of

Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi and needs prior Environmental

Clearance. The proposed project falls under Category ‘A’, as the interstate boundary (Bihar) is at a

distance of about 2.65 km in NNW direction from project site and thus, being appraised by the Expert

Appraisal Committee (EAC) on “Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects + CRZ” at MoEF & CC, New

Delhi.

In this regard, Wolkem India Limited (WIL) Udaipur, a QCI-NABET accredited consultancy

organization, has been engaged by Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Court Road, Dist.: Deoghar, Jharkhand to

carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to seek prior environmental clearance

as per the process defined in the EIA Notification, dated September 14, 2006 and the amendments

thereafter.

Accordingly, fresh application for prior EC (Form – I, PFR & Draft ToR) was submitted to MoEF New

Delhi on 6th September, 2018 for TOR. The project was considered in 34th EAC Meeting held on 24-25



September 2018 & Committee granted TOR vide letter No-F-No-10-70/2018-IA-III on 15th October

2018. TOR Letter is attached Annexure IV for preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment

(EIA) report. The EIA studies have been carried out complying the conditions of approved TOR and

being presented here in the stipulated structure of EIA document as per Appendix III of EIA

Notification, 2006.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Management of solid waste is of growing concern to the general public at large, local

authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is

exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an

economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and hence, wastes generation. The

Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve the existing SWM practices in the

Country. In regards of this Deoghar Nagar Nigam proposed to setup an Integrated Municipal

Solid Waste Management System for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot

No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720 , Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number- 242, Khata No- 58,

District-Deoghar, Jharkhand. The project seeks to improve and develop a socially and

environmentally sustainable system of solid waste management which will reduce the

associated environmental and public health risks. The project has been designed based on

population projections. Deoghar city the present solid waste generation is around 90TPD,

which is mostly comprising of domestic and commercial waste and is projected to total waste

generation in year 2041 is around 240TPD.

The project will be developed by Deoghar Nagar Nigam. The Govt. land has been transfer to

Deoghar Nagar Nigam for MSWM facility. (Copy of land documents is attached as Annexure

No. -II)

Identification of project proponent

Applicant Authorize signatory

Deoghar Nagar Nigam,

Address- Court Road, P.O.: Deoghar,

Dist - Deoghar, Pin Code- 814112,

Jharkhand, Phone no: - 0643-2232786

Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh

(Municipal Commissioner)

Phone no. - +91 9430870358

Email – [email protected]




1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS

IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY, REGION.

Sr. No. Particulars Details

A. Nature of the Project Integrated Municipal Solid Waste processing Facility

B. Size of the Project

1. Expected Waste Quantity 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86 TPD by 2027 and 206.04

TPD by 2037.

2. Composting 90TPD

3. RDF Processing Plant

Capacity

110 TPD

4. Sanitary Landfill Design Life of Landfill is 20 Years (2017 to 2037)

C Location Details

1. Village Pachiyari Kothiya

2. Tehsil Deoghar

3. District Deoghar

4. State Jharkhand.

D Environmental Settings of the Area

1. Ecological Sensitive Areas No National park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve Wild life

corridor, Tiger /elephant reserve exists in the 10 Km

radius.

2. River / water body S.No Name Distance

(Km)

Direction

1 Ajay River 10.6 SSW

2 Darhwa Nadi 2.8 SW

3 Kutaniya

Nadi

7.8 SW

4 Chhauuri

Nihan Nadi

8.0 NW

5 Narhipr Nala 9.7 NW

6 Bankjar Nala 9.8 NW




7 Jugrigr Nala 8.9 N

8 Chandan

River

8.1 NE

9 Jhajhajor

Nala

5.4 NE

10 Chhatimi

Nadi

1.5 NE

11 Karankol

Nala

11.8 SSE

3. Nearest Town / City Deoghar (5.74 Km in S direction from project site).

4. Nearest Railway Station Nearest Railway station is Baidyanathdham railway

station which is 5.78 Km in South direction, & Deoghar

Junction is about 3.26 Km in South direction from

project site.

5. Nearest Airport Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project

site.

6. State Boundary The project falls under interstate boundary (Bihar)

which is about 2.65 Km in NNW direction from project

site.

7. Seismic Zone District Deoghar falls within Seismic zone-III which is

classified as the medium damage risk zone.

E Cost Details

1. Estimated Project Cost 3721.07/- Lakhs

F Requirements of the Project

1. Water Requirement 18.5KLD

2. Workers in Construction

Phase

Around 45

3. Workers in Operation

Phase

15-16 on site (about 200-250 temporary employees will

be hired for primary collection, transportation and

miscellaneous jobs).



FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP



Importance to country and region:-

There is no practice followed for segregation of MSW at source in to biodegradable (wet) and

non-biodegradable (dry) waste in the town. The waste is collected by the waste collectors in

the mixed form only. However, the waste collectors separate valuables from the waste during

the collection of waste. Moreover, rag-pickers unofficially do the segregation & pick

recyclables like polythene; plastics etc. at the secondary collection points and existing

dumping site and sell to scrap dealers.

As of now, there is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for

the natural decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore

they are prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides

becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause

unsanitary condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime

requirement in the area.

The importance of effective Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) services is to protect

public health, the environment and natural resources (Water, Land, and Air). To promote the

ecological management of solid waste in compliance with the principle of the 4 R: Reduce,

Reuse, Recycle, Recover and safe disposal. An effective MSWM service can be achieved only by

improving the efficiency of MSWM activities, thereby leading to the reduction of waste

generation, separation of MSW and recycling and recovery of materials, and generation of

compost and energy.

Reduction, reuse and recycle of the waste.

Source Segregation & collection of waste (Systematic Door to Door collection has been

proposed in the project).

Transportation of waste in covered /closed vehicles to the site.

Processing of waste through composting, RDF and electricity generation.

Conversion of waste into a useful and marketable product (Manure) as recirculation of

soil nutrients.

Good market for compost sale.



Only inert/processing rejects to be land filled which is about 20% of total waste

quantity shall be disposed of into the landfill. This would save upon the future

requirements of area for land filling.

Commercially viable project and long term sustainability.

Systematic approach for integrated solid waste management.

Clean, hygienic and better infrastructure of the city.

Increase in employment opportunities in collection and transportation, door to door

collection and in processing and disposal facility.

Organized and a scientific land fill site with 20 years of life in order to prevent Water &

Soil Contamination.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY

The specific objective of the EIA study is to:

Deoghar is divided into 36 wards. The objective of the project study is to design an integrated

solid waste management system in Deoghar city while redesigning & improving the existing

solid waste management system in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.

The detailed project report has been prepared by Regional Centre for Urban and

Environmental Studies, Lucknow. The scope of work consists of:-

Door to Door collection of waste and segregation at source.

Implementation of 2 bins system for secondary storage facility (waste storage depots).

Improvement of existing transportation system.

Semi mechanized segregation system for separation of recyclable materials.

Compost plant of 90TPD waste treatment capacity.

Construction of sanitary landfill facility.

Review of applicable national and international legal environmental requirements.

Discuss justification for development of the project;

Establish environmental baseline condition within a study area of 10km radius of the

project site.

Develop Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan;



Undertake hazard identification and develop Disaster Management Plan; and identify

project benefit.

Predict and evaluate of potential environmental and socio-economic impacts and

identify.

1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is in line with standard Terms

of Reference (TOR) along with specific conditions issued by Expert Appraisal Committee

(EAC) the MoEF & CC, New Delhi during 34th EAC Meeting on 29/09/18 for preparation of an

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project on “Integrated Solid Waste Processing

Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre.

TOR letter is attached as Annexure-IV.

Secondary Data Collection:

Collection of secondary data comprising of information on project conception, planning and

development, land details, physical, biological, geological and land use information of the

project area, socioeconomic data.

Investigations and surveys:

Environmental investigations and laboratory testing for samples (Air, Water, and Noise and

Soil quality) and analysis of meteorological Ecological and social surveys were also conducted

in the immediate surrounding area.

Legal framework, statutory requirements and international guidelines:

A desktop review of all the applicable legal framework and statutory requirements (National

and state) has been carried out and included in the report. The guidelines pertaining to EHS

(Environmental, Health, and Safety) aspects of solid waste management facilities were

referred to and included in the report.

Public consultations and disclosure:

A public consultation will be done, as per the procedure prescribed in EIA Notification 2006.

Impact Assessment:

Assessment of the potential impacts with respect to environmental and social aspects has

been carried out and their significance determined.



Environmental Management Plan (EMP) along with Monitoring Plan:

Appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures are suggested to minimize any potential

damaging effects or any lasting negative consequence.

Scope of the study (compliance of terms of reference)

During 34th EAC Meeting on 29/09/18 Committee was grant standard TOR along with specific

condition for preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project of

“Integrated Solid Waste Processing Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723,

723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, (Refer copy of standard TOR Letter with 34th

EAC MoM as attached Annexure No-IV).

TABLE NO-1.1 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE

S.

No

.

Terms of Reference Compliance to Terms of Reference 1 The project should be designed based on

the population projections as by Master Plan. Yes, the project has been designed based on

Population projections.

Present MSW quantity, based on average per capita

waste generation, in the proposed service area

(Deoghar Nagar Nigam) is estimated to be about

87.48 TPD for year 2017.

Considering the population projection and the waste

generation forecast, the total MSW quantity in the

year 2037 is estimated to be about 206 TPD.



2. Submit a 10 km. radius map (on survey of

India toposheet) showing co-ordinates of

project site, national highway, state highway,

district road/approach road, river, canal,

natural drainage; protected areas, under

Wild Life (Protection) Act, archaeological

site, natural lake, flood area, human

settlements (with population), industries,

high tension electric line, prominent wind

direction (summer and winter), effluent

drain, if any and ponds etc. should be

presented and impacts assessed on the same.

The latest topographical map from Survey of India

covering 10 km radius from the project location is

given in Figure 3.4 (Chapter 3) in the report.

The entire significant site features such as distance

from nearest town, railway station, airport, etc. are

presented in Table 2.2 (Chapter 2).

Impacts due to the proposed MSW project activity

have been identified predicted and evaluated. The

detailed assessment has been presented in Chapter 4.

3 Examine and submit details of alternative

technologies viz. RDF shall also be evolved.

Various alternatives have been evaluated based on

waste characteristics (physico-chemical), waste

quantity, local environmental factors etc. The scheme

for the Integrated MSW processing and disposal

facility has been finalized based on techno-

commercial feasibility.

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility proves to be

practical and feasible in the evaluation of

technologies and so RDF facility is also part of the

proposed scheme.



4 Examine and submit details of storm

water/ leachate collection from the

compost area

Leachate Drain System-Proper drain will be

provided to collect leachate generated from compost

pad.

Leachate Collection Pit & Circulation System -A

leachate collection pit having suitable capacity has

been proposed to collect the leachate generated from

compost pad. The leachate generated from the

compost pad will be recycled to the windrows

through HDPE pipe lines and pumps.

5 Examine and submit details of monitoring

of water quality around the landfill site.

Water analysis shall also include for nitrate

and phosphate.

Four ground water samples & four surface water

samples were collected around the proposed site

within 10 km radius. All samples were analysed for

physical and chemical characteristics including

nitrates and phosphates. Figure 3.1 (Chapter 3)

represent the locations from where the water

samples were taken. Table 3.9 & 3.10 (Chapter 3)

represents analysis results of ground & surface water

samples.

6 Examine and submit details of the odour

control measures. Inoculums and sanitizer will be sprayed over waste

for odour suppression. Speciality chemicals are

sprayed over existing waste heap for bird & fly

management.

Waste storage & processing of waste is proposed in a

completely covered shed, which will be maintained

under negative pressure.



7 Examine and submit details of impact on

water bodies/rivers/ ponds and mitigative

measures during rainy season.

No negative impact on water bodies/rivers/ponds

has been envisaged.

Runoff water from the site gets collected in a tank

and in case of any overflow; it will be diverted to

greenbelt.

Leachate/runoff water will not be let out from the

premises.

8 Submit the criteria for assessing waste

generation. Any segregation of hazardous

and bio-medical wastes.

The current total municipal waste generation is

estimated to be about 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86

TPD by 2027 and 206.04 TPD by 2037.

However, considering the population projection and

the waste generation forecast, it is proposed to

establish the Integrated Waste Management Facility

to handle about 200 TPD (Criteria adopted for

assessing waste generation is elaborated in

Chapter 2).

Hazardous waste and bio- medical wastes are not

expected to be a part of MSW stream; however, if

received same should be handed over to the

authorized collector for disposal.

9 Submit a copy of the layout plan of project

site showing solid waste storage, green belt

(width & length, 33% of the project area), all

roads, prominent wind direction, processing

plant & buildings etc. should be provided.

The detailed layout of the project including green

belt, roads, processing facilities (Sanitary Landfill,

Composting, RDF processing etc.) are visualised in

Figure 2.4, while the land breakup details are

provided in Table 2.9 (Chapter 2).



10 Submit a copy of the land use certificate from

the competent authority.

The project will be developed by Deoghar Nagar

Nigam. The Govt. land has been transfer to Deoghar

Nagar Nigam for MSWM facility.

Kindly refer Annexure-II on Land documents.

11 NOC from local or nearest airport within 20

km and any flight funnel restrictions

Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from

project site so no NOC is required.

12 Submit a copy of the status of ambient air

quality and surface and ground water

quality, soil type, cropping pattern, land use

pattern, population, socio-economic status,

anticipated air and water pollution.

The details on baseline environmental quality status

with sampling locations (Figures) analytical data

(Tables) and description on statistical analysis /

interpretation (script) are provided in Chapter 3.

13 Submit a copy of the topography of the

area indicating whether the site requires

any filling, if so, the details of filling, quantity

of fill material required, its source and

transportation, etc.

The topographical map of the proposed site is

provided in Figure 3.4 (Chapter 3).

The project has been designed with focus on

balancing the earthwork such that the fill volumes

are equal to or less than the cut volumes.

Excavated soils (cut volumes) shall be re-used for

levelling the low lying areas to avoid transport of fill

material.

14 Examine and submit the details of impact on

the drainage and nearby

habitats/settlement (surroundings).

Drainage network of an area is furnished in Chapter-

3 while the likely impact is discussed in Chapter 4.

15 Examine and submit the details of surface

hydrology and water regime and impact on

the same.

Details on surface hydrology and water regime and

impact of proposed activity on the same are covered

under subsection (Chapter 3).

16 Submit a copy of detailed plan of waste

management

Detailed information on the plan of waste

management system for proposed MSW processing

facility along with Process flow chart and material

mass balance is submitted in sub section of Chapter 2.



17 Submit the details of sanitary land fill site

Permeability and whether it would be lined,

if so details thereof.

Extensive details on the landfill design and lining

thereof are presented in sub section Chapter 2.

18 Examine and submit the details of impact

on environmental sensitive areas.

Detailed study on Impacts over Environmental

Sensitive Areas is given in Chapter 4.

19 Examine and submit the details of

rehabilitation/compensation package for

the project effected people, if any.

No Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) is

required to establish the proposed facility. The land

is provided to Deoghar Nagar Nigam for development

of Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility.

Land documents are attached as Annexure II.

20 Submit Environmental Management Plan

and Environmental Monitoring Plan with

costs and parameters.

Detailed Environmental Management Plan is

Provided in Chapter 9 while Environmental

Monitoring Plan is provided in Chapter 6.

In order to comply with the environmental

protection measures as specified in the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Capital cost

of EMP is estimated to be Rs. 28.0/- Lakhs &

recurring cost Rs. 19.0/- Lakhs per annum (Chapter

6) as against the capital cost of Project (Rs.

3721.07/- Lakhs). 21. Public hearing to be conducted for the

project in accordance with provisions of

Environmental Impact Assessment

Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by

the public should be addressed in the

Environmental Management Plan. The Public

Hearing should be conducted based on the

ToR letter issued by the SEIAA and not on the

basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on

the web-site.

Public Hearing conducted on 5th April 2019

(11:00 AM) at Project Site, Village- Pachiyari Kothiya,

District- Deoghar (Jharkhand).

Minutes of public hearing is attached as Annexures- V.



22. A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be

prepared in accordance with the above

additional TOR and should be submitted to

the ministry in accordance with the

Notification.

Noted and followed.

23. Details of litigation pending against the

project, if any, with direction /order passed

by any Court of Law against the Project

should be given.

No litigation pending against the project.

25. The cost of the project (Capital cost and

recurring cost) as well as the cost towards

implementation of EMP should be clearly

spelt out.

The capital cost of project is 3721.07/- Lakhs

Capital cost of EMP -28.0/- Lakhs

Recurring cost of EMP -19.0/- lakhs per Annum

26. Any further clarification on carrying out the

above studies including anticipated impacts

due to the project and mitigative measure,

project proponent can refer to the model ToR

available on Ministry website

"http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Common

Municipal Solid Wastes".

All the studies/activities suggested in the TOR were

completed in detail and presented in the EIA report.

No further clarification required for carrying out the

studies suggested.

Additional ToR

SN Conditions Details

1. Importance and benefits of the project. Refer Chapter 8, Project Benefits

2. A sensitivity analysis of the site shall be carried out as

per the MoEF&CC criteria and form part of the EIA

report.

Followed.

3. The EIA would include a separate chapter on the Followed.

http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Common

http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Common



conformity of the proposals to the Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016 and the Construction and

Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 including the

sitting criteria therein.

4. An integrated plan of operation including the segregation

of wastes at the household level and its transportation to

the site shall be submitted. List of waste to be handled

and their source along with mode of transportation.

Details given in table No-2.8 under

Chapter 2.

5. Details of various waste management units with

capacities for the proposed project. Details of utilities

indicating size and capacity to be provided.

Project Description, Collection and

transportation; kindly refer Figure

No-2.6, Chapter 2

6. The project proponents should consult the Municipal

solid waste Management Manual of the Ministry of Urban

Development, Government of India and draw up Project

plans accordingly.

Followed,

7. Waste management facilities should maintain safe

distance from the nearby pond.

Followed, site selection criteria are

given in Table No-2.2, Chapter-2

8. Methodology for remediating the project site, which is

presently being used for open dumping of garbage.

Methodology is given in Chapter-2.

9. Layout maps of proposed solid waste management

facilities indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt

area, utilities etc.

Kindly refer Figure 2.4, Chapter-2.

10. Details of air emission, effluents generation, solid waste

generation and their management.

All details are incorporated in

Chapter-IV & IX.

11. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply,

status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power

requirement (regular and contract).

Water Requirement- The water will be

sourced from PHED water supply.

During Construction phase 5KLD Fresh

water will be required & during

Operational phase about 18.5KLD water



will be required.

Water flow diagram is given in

Chapter-II fig No-2.4.

Man Power- During construction

phase- 45 persons will be employed.

During operational phase- 15-16 on

site (about 200-250 temporary

employees will be hired for primary

collection, transportation and

miscellaneous jobs.

Approx. -280 KVA power will be

require which will be met from

JVVNL.

12. Process description along with major equipment and

machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from

waste material to disposal to be provided.

Details of process description are

given in chapter-II.

13. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety

systems.

Refer Chapter 7: Additional Studies ,

Section 7.3: Hazard Identification and

Risk assessment

14. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5 km radius of

study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major

river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as

Flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data

of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project

site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be

provided.

There is no any water source exist in

nearby project site. The nearest

surface water body is Chhatimi Nadi

which is 1.5 Km in NE direction from

project site.

The details of surface water bodies

exist in study area is given in

Chapter-III, Table No-3.3 & drainage

map is given Fig No-3.5.

15. Details of effluent treatment and recycling process. Refer Chapter 2,



=======*******======

16. Action plan for measures to be taken for excessive

leachate generation during monsoon period.

Details are given in chapter-IV & IX.

17. Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan. Given in chapter-IX.

18. Report on health and hygiene to be maintained by the

sanitation worker at the work place.

Followed.

19. Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and

commitments made by the project proponent on the

same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form

of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with

the commitments made.

Public Hearing conducted on 5th April

2019 (11:00 AM) at Project Site,

Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District-

Deoghar (Jharkhand).

Minutes of public hearing is attached as

Annexures- V

20. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any

direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the

project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has

the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections

of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and

compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of

the case.

No litigation pending against the

project & project proponent.

21. Plan for Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) as

specified under Ministry’s Office Memorandum vide F.

No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May 2018 shall be

prepared and submitted along with EIA Report.

Budget allocation for CER activities

will be spent 74.4 Lakhs for plan

period.

22. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of

above ToRs.

Complied.



CHAPTER - II

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

This project is an integrated municipal solid waste management project and proposed for the

setting up of processing facilities and sanitary landfill. The proposed project is planned in

accordance to the solid waste management rules 2016 and it consists of waste collection

system, segregation facility, Aerobic Composting, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility for

recovery of high calorific value of waste and Landfill facility.

The current municipal waste management practice in Deoghar and surrounding ULBs does

not comply following (a) unmanaged and insufficient primary and secondary collection, (b)

there is no segregation of waste, (c) most waste dumped in open areas, (d) there is no

recovery of resources from waste before disposal and (e) indiscriminate dumping and no

sanitary landfill.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Govt. of India has launched Swachh Bharat Mission to improve the environment, sanitation

condition, and SWM services etc. in all ULB of India. Municipal solid waste management is the

need of the day to keep the city clean and improve the hygienic condition and environment of

the town.

There is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for the natural

decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore they are

prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides becoming

breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause unsanitary

condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime requirement in

the area.

2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The proposed MSW disposal site is situated at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723,

723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana number 242, Khata No 58, District-

Deoghar, Jharkhand. Location Map, Google Image & Key plan is given Figure No-2.1 to 2.3.



TABLE NO-2.1 COORDINATE OF THE PROPOSED AREA

S No Latitude Longitude

1 24°32'39.28"N 86°41'47.39"E

2 24°32'39.67"N 86°41'48.42"E

3 24°32'39.94"N 86°41'49.97"E

4 24°32'39.61"N 86°41'52.54"E

5 24°32'39.97"N 86°41'53.63"E

6 24°32'40.20"N 86°41'54.47"E

7 24°32'40.71"N 86°41'55.17"E

8 24°32'39.30"N 86°41'56.02"E

9 24°32'39.06"N 86°41'57.21"E

10 24°32'33.08"N 86°41'54.37"E

11 24°32'26.84"N 86°41'52.22"E

12 24°32'28.16"N 86°41'48.89"E

13 24°32'28.54"N 86°41'45.60"E

14 24°32'29.14"N 86°41'44.61"E

15 24°32'30.19"N 86°41'41.49"E

16 24°32'31.04"N 86°41'41.25"E

17 24°32'33.15"N 86°41'42.94"E

18 24°32'33.90"N 86°41'43.27"E

19 24°32'33.92"N 86°41'44.13"E

20 24°32'34.00"N 86°41'44.56"E

21 24°32'33.76"N 86°41'45.85"E

22 24°32'32.25"N 86°41'45.72"E

23 24°32'32.20"N 86°41'47.20"E

24 24°32'32.32"N 86°41'47.43"E

25 24°32'33.62"N 86°41'48.46"E

26 24°32'31.93"N 86°41'50.14"E

27 24°32'30.42"N 86°41'49.99"E

28 24°32'30.34"N 86°41'51.01"E

29 24°32'32.45"N 86°41'50.77"E

30 24°32'33.28"N 86°41'50.88"E

31 24°32'33.36"N 86°41'50.68"E

32 24°32'35.56"N 86°41'51.04"E

33 24°32'36.22"N 86°41'51.49"E

34 24°32'37.09"N 86°41'49.39"E

35 24°32'37.51"N 86°41'48.57"E

36 24°32'38.10"N 86°41'47.99"E



S No Latitude Longitude

A 24°32'23.56"N 86°41'50.66"E B 24°32'25.48"N 86°41'46.29"E C 24°32'23.49"N 86°41'44.56"E D 24°32'21.37"N 86°41'49.76"E

FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE AREA



FIGURE 2.2: LOCATION MAP



FIGURE 2.3: KEY PLAN OF THE AREA



TABLE 2.2: COMPLIANCES OF SELECTED LANDFILL AS PER SWM RULES, 2016

Criteria for landfill site Required as per SWM

Rule 2016

Actual Position

Design Life Period 20-25 years More than 20 years

Distance from River >100 Mtrs No river flowing within 100 m from the

project boundary

Distance from Pond >200 Mtrs Not applicable

Distance from Highway >200 Mtrs Distance of highway is more than 200

m from the project boundary

Distance from

Habitation

>200 Mtrs No habitation is settled within 200m

from the project boundary

Distance from Public

Parks

>200 Mtrs No public park exit in 200m from the

project boundary

Distance from Water

supply wells

>200 Mtrs No any water supply well was

observed within 200m from the

project boundary

Water table* 2 m from bottom liner

of landfill

Criteria complied

Earthquake zone* 500 m from fault line

fracture

The project district comes under

seismic zone III.

Airport/Airbase >20Kms Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project site. 10-20 Kms.

Floodplains (100 Yrs.) Not Allowed Not Applicable

Zone of Coastal

Regulations

Not Allowed

Wetland Not Allowed

Critical Habitat Area Not Allowed

Sensitive Eco Fragile

Area

Not Allowed

General Conditions: EIA

Notification

2006;Project is category

A if

EIA Notification 2006;

Requirement

Yes, the project falls under interstate

boundary of Bihar which is distance

about 2.65 km in NNW direction from

project site.

Protected Area under

Wildlife

>10 Kms Not Applicable

Critically Polluted Area

under CPCB




Criteria for landfill site Required as per SWM

Rule 2016

Actual Position

Notified Eco Sensitive

Area


Interstate Boundaries or

International

Boundaries

>10 Kms Bihar state border is at distance of 2.65

km in NNW from proposed project

boundary.

2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The site proposed for compost plant and sanitary landfill is spread over an area of 23.56 Acre.

The compost plant based on windrow technology will be installed with a Processing facility of

200 TPD (Capacity of Aerobic Compost Plant-90TPD + Capacity of RDF Processing Plant– 110

TPD) and the sanitary landfill facility will be developed for 20 years of operational life.

2.4.1 Current Scenario of municipal solid waste management;-

The city administration has divided Deogarh town in 36 wards. Total waste generated in the

city is approximately 87.48 MT with per capita waste generation of approximately 349.69

gram and sweeping silt is around 7.14 MT. Waste generated in the city include waste from

residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, construction and demolition waste and street

sweeping waste. As of now, door to door waste collection of waste has been started only in

two wards i.e. ward number 13 and 14 and approximate households covered in these wards is

20% only. The scenario where no door to door collection system in place, the number of 2.5

cum dustbins required for 100% storage of waste generated within city area. Deoghar Nagar

Nigam has 144 numbers of such containers out of them 75 to 80% are old and cannot be used

further. In absence of door to door collection and proper waste storage facility, people usually

throw the waste in open areas, roads or vacant plots as can be seen in photographs.



TABLE- 2.3 WARD WISE PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION

Year Population Waste generation

2011 203123 66.41 2017 246948 88.26 2021 276165 102.85 2022 286372 107.95 2027 337411 134.86 2031 378241 158.06 2032 392343 165.74 2037 462849 206.04 2041 519254 240.59 2042 538761 252.08 2047 636293 312.17 2051 714319 363.44

TABLE- 2.4 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SWM SYSTEM IN DEOGHAR

Components Status/Remark Municipal waste generation 87.48 MT & 7.47 MT silt Per capita waste generation 349.69 gram

Door to door waste collection No

Waste segregation No

Waste collection vehicles Tractors & Auto Tippers Waste Disposal Open Dumping

Number of Workers engaged in SWM & Road Sweeping

350

Street Sweeping Twice in a day in main areas Waste Collection Frequency

Once in a day from major

roads



2.4.2 Analysis of Issues in current system and Status of Compliance to SWM Rules:-

(A) STEP -1st

Prohibit littering of waste on the streets and storage of waste at source:-The Municipal

Authority has not yet prohibited littering of waste on the streets. The collection of waste

from the door step is also just started only in 2 wards. Only 10% to 15% population stores

the waste at source to put the waste in the nearby bin.

Segregation of Recyclable Wastes-No Special efforts are made by the Municipal Authority to

educate the citizens to segregate recyclable waste. Traditionally, segregation of recyclable

waste is partially practiced by households/commercial establishments for sale to Kabadiwalas

(waste purchasers). Rest of the recyclable material is disposed of by the residents along with

domestic waste in a mixed form. This waste finds its way on the streets, in the drains, dumping

grounds, etc. from where rag pickers collect the waste to earn their livelihood. Recyclable

waste is generally found mixed with domestic waste. The compliance in regard to segregation

of recyclable waste is thus NIL.

(B) STEP 2 - Primary Collections:- The collection of waste from the door step is also just started only in 2 wards. Although the

target of start door to door collection in all 36 wards. Only some 10% people do deposit the

waste at the waste storage depot.



(C) STEP 3 - Street Sweeping:-

Street sweeping in main areas and important roads is done twice a day. But the percentage of

these roads to the total road length is not more than 15% in remaining areas the work of

cleaning of streets is not being done regularly on account of inadequacy of sanitary workers

and supervisors.

(D) STEP 4 - Secondary Storage Waste storage depots:-

Deoghar Nagar Nigam has 140 numbers of big containers of 2.5 cum capacity. Out of these 140

dustbins, more than 80% are damaged. Whereas dustbins required for 100% storage of waste

generated within city area would be 200 approximately. The city has introduced 240 liter and

100 liter twin bin litter bins as well for the secondary storage of waste without

synchronization with primary collection.

(E) STEP 5 - Transportation of Waste

Transportation work is not scientifically designed. Municipal Authority has introduced bins

but has not synchronized the primary collection with secondary storage with the result the

waste is initially deposited on the ground and later manually loaded in the vehicles. Open

tractors are used for transportation of waste. The transportation work is not carried out on all

days of the year resulting in accumulation of waste and consequent backlog.

TABLE-2.5 EXISTING VEHICLES AND TRIP DETAILS

Types of vehicles

No. of vehicles Trips Made

Waste Lifted in MT

Total Functional Out of

order

Tractor Trolley 20 18 2 3 60

Auto tipper 7 7 0 3 to 4 9

Dumper placer 2 1 1 3 to 4 6



(F) STEP 6 - Waste processing:-

The city does not have any facility for processing of municipal solid waste. The entire waste is

disposed of at the dumping grounds untreated.

(G) STEP 7 - Disposal of Waste:-

Presently the waste is being disposed of unscientifically.



TABLE- 2.6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

Categories Weighted

Average HIG MIG LIG

Commercial &

Institutional

Vegetable Shop,

Restaurants etc

Particulars %

weight

weight

in Kg

%

weight

weight

in Kg

%

weight

weight

in Kg

%

weight

weight

in Kg

%

weight

weight

in Kg

%

weight

wooden

pieces

1.2 1.6 1.61 0 0 2.4 2.89 0 0 1 1.89

paper 6.8 6.2 6.25 4.4 5.11 4 4.81 5.2 11.43 2.5 4.72

textile 2.1 2 2.02 2 2.32 1 1.2 2 4.4 0 0

thermo Cole

2.5 0 0 1.6 1.86 0 0 3 6.59 1.5 2.83

coconut shell/coconut hair

2.2 2 2.02 0 0 0 0 2.1 4.62 2 3.77

dry leave 4.5 5.6 5.65 4.6 5.34 3 3.61 1 2.2 3.5 6.6

green matter

3.9 4 4.03 6.2 7.2 2 2.41 1.5 3.3 1.5 2.83

concrete /stone

2 0 0 0 0 2.4 2.89 2 4.4 1 1.89

sand/soil/ dust/ earth

17.8 16 16.13 22 25.55 22 26.47 6 13.19 5 9.43

metal 1.3 2 2.02 0.4 0.46 0 0 1.5 3.3 0 0

brick 0.9 1 1.01 0 0 1.6 1.93 0 0 1 1.89

glass 3.3 4 4.03 2.6 3.02 3 3.61 2 4.4 0.5 0.94

rubber/ leather

1.8

2 2.02 1.6 1.86 4.8 5.78 0 0 0 0

kitchen waste

13.6 22 22.18 18.5 21.49 15.8 19.01 3.5 7.69 0 0

ceramic 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 3.52 0

p.v.c / pipes

1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4.4 0

plastics 2.8 2 2.02 1.8 2.09 2.1 2.53 2.8 6.15 0 0

polyethylene

5.7 5.6 5.65 4.8 5.57 3.4 4.09 3.8 8.35 2 3.77

vegetable 16.8 14 14.11 10 11.61 10 12.03 3 6.59 22.5 42.45

dry matter, straw

8.6

8 8.06 5.6 6.5 5.6 6.74 2.5 5.49 9 16.98

99.8 99.2 100 86.1 99.98 83.1 100 45.5 100.02

53 99.99



TABLE- 2.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

Parameter Composition (%)

Weighted Average

HIG

MIG

LIG

Commercial &

Institutional

Vegetable Shop,

Restaurants etc

Biodegradables - Food, Vegetable etc 30.4 36.29 33.1 31.04 14.28 42.45

Biodegradables - dry 22.6 23.39 21.36 16.85 20.01 32.07

Recyclables - Paper 9.3 6.25 6.97 4.81 18.02 7.55

Recyclables - Plastics 9.5 7.67 7.66 6.62 18.9 3.77

Metal 1.3 2.02 0.46 0 3.3 0

Inerts- sand, brick pieces etc 21.6 17.14 25.55 31.29 21.11 13.21

Others 5.1 6.05 4.88 9.39 4.4 0.94

Bulk Density (kg/m) 293.7 345 340 355 157 315

Moisture (%) 32.8 36.8 34.1 31.3 21.2 44

Gross Calorific Value ( kCal / Kg) 1076 1120 1025 850 1350 950

C/N Ratio 35.5 30.8 32 26.8 56.9 34.3



TABLE- 2.8 WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION

Ward

Waste Generation 2017 2027 2037

Domestic Commercial Total



1 1.326 1.807 3.133 2.044 2.786 4.830 3.123 4.256 7.379 2 1.305 1.162 2.467 2.012 1.791 3.803 3.074 2.736 5.810

3 1.376 0.490 1.866 2.121 0.755 2.876 3.241 1.153 4.394

4 1.352 0.363 1.715 2.084 0.560 2.645 3.185 0.856 4.040

5 1.413 0.634 2.048 2.179 0.978 3.156 3.329 1.494 4.822

6 1.415 0.120 1.535 2.182 0.185 2.367 3.333 0.282 3.616 7 1.301 0.311 1.612 2.006 0.479 2.486 3.066 0.732 3.798

8 1.353 0.998 2.351 2.085 1.539 3.624 3.186 2.352 5.537

9 1.393 0.771 2.163 2.147 1.188 3.335 3.280 1.816 5.096

10 1.381 0.626 2.007 2.129 0.966 3.095 3.253 1.476 4.729

11 1.375 0.306 1.681 2.120 0.472 2.592 3.239 0.722 3.961

12 1.334 3.485 4.819 2.057 5.373 7.430 3.143 8.209 11.352

13 1.342 1.142 2.484 2.068 1.761 3.829 3.160 2.690 5.850 14 1.339 0.525 1.864 2.065 0.810 2.874 3.154 1.237 4.391

15 1.352 0.467 1.818 2.084 0.719 2.803 3.184 1.099 4.282

16 1.346 0.438 1.783 2.074 0.675 2.749 3.169 1.031 4.200

17 1.322 0.719 2.041 2.038 1.109 3.147 3.114 1.694 4.807

18 1.342 2.086 3.427 2.068 3.216 5.284 3.160 4.913 8.073 19 1.330 5.161 6.491 2.050 7.958 10.007 3.132 12.157 15.289

20 1.353 5.935 7.289 2.086 9.150 11.236 3.187 13.980 17.167

21 1.428 1.041 2.469 2.201 1.604 3.806 3.363 2.451 5.814

22 1.393 0.728 2.122 2.148 1.123 3.271 3.282 1.715 4.997

23 1.432 0.611 2.042 2.207 0.941 3.148 3.372 1.438 4.810

24 1.431 1.159 2.590 2.206 1.786 3.992 3.371 2.729 6.100

25 1.423 0.579 2.002 2.195 0.892 3.086 3.353 1.363 4.715 26 1.380 0.575 1.954 2.127 0.886 3.013 3.250 1.354 4.604

27 1.353 0.359 1.713 2.086 0.554 2.640 3.187 0.847 4.034

28 1.300 0.481 1.781 2.004 0.741 2.745 3.062 1.133 4.194

29 1.412 0.798 2.210 2.177 1.230 3.408 3.326 1.880 5.206

30 1.345 0.435 1.780 2.074 0.670 2.744 3.168 1.024 4.192 31 1.327 1.004 2.331 2.046 1.548 3.594 3.127 2.364 5.491

32 1.346 1.030 2.376 2.076 1.587 3.663 3.171 2.425 5.596

33 1.382 0.752 2.135 2.131 1.160 3.291 3.256 1.772 5.028

34 1.401 0.099 1.500 2.160 0.153 2.313 3.301 0.233 3.534

35 1.347 0.491 1.838 2.077 0.757 2.834 3.174 1.156 4.330

36 1.370 0.663 2.033 2.112 1.022 3.134 3.227 1.561 4.788

Total 49.12 38.35 87.47 75.73 59.12 134.85 115.70 90.33 206.03



2.4.3 Proposed land breakup for solid waste management facility

The proposed municipal solid waste management facility is planned. Details of the land

breakup for present and for catering the future need are given in below-

TABLE 2.9 LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY

S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in acres Area in %

1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7

2. Platform area 5059 1.25 5.3

3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2

4. Plantation area 32111 7.93 33.7

5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5

6. Reserved for Septage management plant

12990 3.21 13.6

Total

95343 95364 23.56



FIGURE- 2.4 LAYOUT MAP OF THE AREA



2.4.4 Man power requirement

During construction phase- 45 persons will be employed. During operational phase- 15-16 on

site (about 200-250 temporary employees will be hired for primary collection, transportation

and miscellaneous jobs.

2.4.5 Water requirement

The water will be sourced from PHED water supply. During Construction phase 5KLD Fresh

water will be required & during Operational phase about 18.5KLD water will be required.

TABLE 2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT

S.N. Utility Water requirement

(In KLD)

Waste water

generation

(In KLD)

Remarks

1

Domestic 1.0 0.8 Sent to septic

tank/soak pit

2 Floor washing /Vehicle

maintenance shed

5.0 4.5 Treated in ETP

3 Process water 8.0 4.5 Recirculate in

process

4 Green belt 2.5 -

5 Dust suppression 2.0 -

Total 18.5 9.8

Total fresh water requirement 10.0 KLD

Total recycle of water 8.5 KLD



FIGURE- 2.5 WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

2.4.6 Power requirement

The details of the power and fuel required for running DG sets for emergency use during power

Failure is given in below-

Details Capacity Remarks

Power Requirement 280 KVA Source- supplied from JVVNL



2.5 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN

India is the second fastest growing economy and the second most populated country in the

world. The population of India is expected to increase from 1,029 million to 1,400 million

during the period 2001–2026, an increase of 36% in 26 years, at the rate of 3.35% annually

(Census of India, 2011). The level of urbanization of the country has increased from

17.35% to 31.2% in the last 60 years and is expected that as much as 50% of Indian

population will live in cities in next 10 years (Census of India, 2011). The MSW amount is

expected to increase significantly in the near future as the country strives to attain an

industrialized nation status by the year 2020. Improper management of municipal solid

waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants.

Collection and transportation (C&T) is the most important component of the SWM

operations and requires active involvement of citizens, RWAs (Residents Welfare

Association S) and the support from ULBs. Besides introduction of latest equipment and

vehicles for minimum handling of waste and awareness creation has key role in developing

model system for C&T considering following:

Promotion of the practice of source segregation

Door to door collection with community participation.

Minimize the multiple handling of waste.

Improvement in the productivity of labour and equipment.

An organized and hierarchical system for C&T system.

Containerized secondary storage facilities in place of open storage.

Daily transportation of waste to the processing facility.

Vehicle tracking & monitoring using GPS/GPRS and latest IT services.

Customer care and timely complaint redressed.



TABLE- 2.11 MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

S. No. Purpose Proposed Vehicle/Equipment

1 Primary Collection &

Transportation

Auto/Mini-Tippers

2 Secondary Collection Points Fixed/Portable Type Compacting

Transfer Stations

3 Secondary Transportation Refuse Compactors & Hook Loaders

4 For market places Underground Bins, Litter bins



FIGURE 2.6 COLLECTIONS, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MODEL



Waste collection, transportations and disposal are interrelated functional elements of solid

waste management system. It is essential to segregate waste into different fractions,

commonly referred to as primary segregation. Segregation of MSW needs to be linked to

primary collection of waste from the doorstep and given high priority. The fractions into

which the waste has to be segregated in detail should be based on waste characterization.

This is referred to as the three-bin system. Apart from these wastes horticulture waste,

construction and demolition and sanitary waste should store and collected separately.

FIGURE 2.7 THREE BINS SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE



Waste collection service is divided into primary and secondary collection.

Primary collection refers to the process of collecting waste from households, markets,

institutions, and other commercial establishments and taking the waste to a storage depot

or transfer station or directly to the disposal site, depending on the size of the city and the

prevalent waste management system.

FIGURE 2.8 PRIMARY COLLECTION

Secondary collection includes picking up waste from community bins, waste storage depots,

or transfer stations and transporting it to waste processing sites or to the final disposal site.

Primary collection must be introduced both in small and large towns and cities. Secondary

collection systems are necessary in all cities and towns for collection of waste in the

community bins or at the secondary waste storage depots or at decentralized sorting centres

by sanitation workers for onward transportation of waste to processing and disposal facilities.



FIGURE 2.9 SECONDARY COLLECTION

Transportation of waste from collection centres to processing or final disposal site is very

important step for solid waste management system and for this purpose; suitable vehicles

and equipment’s are required. A well synchronized primary and secondary collection

and transportation system is essential to avoid containers’ overflow and waste littering

on streets. Further, the transport vehicles should not only be able to transport segregated

waste, but also be compatible with the equipment design at the waste storage depot to

avoid multiple handling of waste.



2.5.1 Major Components of the Project Scope

Complete management of generated MSW, including residential, commercial,

institutional, hotels, restaurants, markets, marriage garden, parks, dead animals,

non-hazardous industrial waste etc.

Procuring equipment, plant and machinery required for carrying out the project

activities, including Door-to-Door waste Collection, segregation and Transportation

of MSW generated within the project area.

Daily Primary and Secondary Collection of MSW generated within the Project Area,

including MSW from residential (Door-to-Door Collection), commercial,

institutional, market places, etc., as per the definition of MSW in this Agreement, in

compliance with MSW Rules.

Primary Collection of MSW to be promoted in a segregated manner in compliance

with MSW Rules.

Construction and O&M (Operation & Maintenance) of transfer stations/temporary

waste storage facilities, as the case maybe, for handling of waste at allocated lands.

The MSW collection and transportation system should preferably be designed as a-

(a) System in which the waste from Primary Collection vehicles is directly

transferred to primary collection bins/temporary waste storage

facilities/transfer stations for household waste;

(b) System in which community bins are provided for direct collection of other

waste such as waste from street sweeping, commercial places, garden waste,

vegetable markets etc;

(c) System in which the waste in primary collection bins/ temporary waste

storage facilities/community bins/transfer stations should be cleared once

on daily basis or more frequently if needed.

(d) System in which all the collection and transportation vehicles are deployed

with GPS/ RFID tags to detect tempering, track and monitor the vehicles and

hence efficiently plan the routing and resources for transportation system.



Transportation of collected MSW generated within project area in compliance

with MSW Rules.

Obtaining of all necessary statutory consent and clearances required for

implementation of the Project and maintaining thereon as per Applicable Laws.

Carrying out IEC (Information, Education and Communication) campaign to

sensitize citizens about their role in achieving the objectives of the Project.

Ensuring Employee Health and Safely (EHS) compliance during the entire

project duration, including the Implementation Period and ISWM Operations

Period.

Any other terms and conditions specified in the Signed Concession Agreement.

Key Objectives of the Project:-

To implement the project in accordance with rules and regulations mentioned

in the MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016.

To ensure segregation of waste at source of waste generation in 'wet', 'dry' and

‘domestic hazardous’.

To achieve 3 R's rules of Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste through awareness.

To make use of waste as 'resource' so that only rejects needs to be transported to

SLF.

To ensure separate collection and transportation of different types of waste and

prevent mixing.

To build a strong monitoring system through advance MIS (Management

Information System) system.

To ensure accountability of waste management services for citizens through

effective GIS tracking and effective customer complaint system.



The Collection & Transportation operations will ensure that the following is

achieved:-

Waste minimization and reduction at source.

Door to door collection of waste from all residential, commercial,

institutional establishments in covered vehicles in compliance with MSW

Rules 2016 and in accordance with SLB for MSW.

Covered Bins for secondary collection in compliance with MSW Rules 2016.

Secondary collection and transportation in covered vehicles in compliance

with MSW Rules 2000/2016.

Covered waste transfer/storage facilities in compliance with MSW

Rules 2016 and CPCB/SPCB norms, if required.

2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS

The process adopted for Processing of municipal solid waste at Deoghar involves conversion

of bio-degradable fraction of waste into compost through windrow composting method and

conversion of Fuel Grade fluffy material like soiled paper, cardboard, dry leaves, packaging

into Refused Derived Material.

Considering the quantity of solid waste generation in the project area, it is proposed to

establish a 200 TPD waste processing including-

a) 1 Number Pre-segregation unit of 200 TPD capacity to segregate waste

into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)

b) an aerobic composting plant to process 90 TPD of Bio-degradable material

c) A RDF processing plant of capacity 110 TPD



Estimation of Design Capacities of Waste Processing Plant

Waste Generation in Design Year (2032) 165.73 MT

Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on Normal Days (Normal inflow of devotes=125000, waste generation per person=250 gm)

31.25

MT

Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on Peak Days i.e. Sunday and Monday (Normal inflow of devotes=250000, waste generation per person=250 gm)

62.5

MT

Peak waste generation during Normal days of Shrawan mela in 2037

196.98

MT

Maximum waste generation during Peak days of Shrawan mela in 2037

228.23

MT

Adopted capacity of plant 200

MT

Deoghar city has a great religious importance and is visited by a very large number of

devotees/ pilgrims in the months of July- August to participate in SHRAVAN MELA. This

number runs into over 2 lac people visiting the city in a single day during the festive

season.



2.6.1 Overview of Process Flow Chart-

Based on the waste characteristics, proposed process consists of dry fermentation

composting (aerobic digestion), RDF. The flow chart of the process is shown in figure

below.

FIGURE 2.10 PROCESS FLOWCHART

> 75mm – FOR COMPOSTING PLANT

Reception of raw MSW

Weightment

Visual inspection of waste

Unloading of MSW

Addition of sanitizer

Manual sorting of inert

Loading of material on to moving floor feeder of pre-processing

section

Screening in 75 mm trommel screen

< 75 mm FOR RDF PLANT

RDF COMPOSTING



2.6.2 Process Description of Waste Processing

1st step in waste processing is to receive waste and its segregation into two different stream i.e.

compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).

(A) REFUSED DERIVED FUEL

The conversion process of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)

involves the following processes:

Homogenization

Size Reduction

Drying

Segregation

Densification (only for storage / transportation to long distance)

The particle size of MSW varies widely and it is difficult to handle MSW unless the particle

size is homogenized. The MSW after inspection is fed into a Pre-segregation system to

segregate waste into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).

Pre segregation of waste involves segregation into -75 mm fraction (Predominantly bio-

degradable) and + 75 mm (Pre-dominantly fuel grade material). Approx. 55% of MSW will

be of particle size more than 75 mm and balance 45% of MSW will be of particle size less

than 75 mm.

The Fraction (-75) mm will primarily contain organic matter and would be carried away to

windrow composting section.

The Fraction (+ 75 mm) fed to manual sorting Conveyor to remove large size objects and

subsequently fed to Dryer.

MSW in the Deoghar has been generally found to have high moisture content even during

non-rainy days and requires drying to produce RDF with reasonable heating value. MSW

will be fed by conveyors into a Rotary Dryer where wet MSW will be dried by injecting hot

air into it to reduce its moisture content from 35 - 40% to 15-18%. The hot air is generated

in a fixed grate specially designed Hot Air Generator (HAG) where woody biomass

extracted from MSW is combusted with suitable pollution control equipment like cyclone

separator and chimney.



MSW coming out of the Rotary Dryer is fed into the Rotary Trommel to separate the fines

below 5 mm particle size. The fine fraction separated with organic matter in it has been found

useful as garden manure.

The heavy non-combustible fractions of MSW like stones, glass etc. are separated by passing

through the specially developed Air Density Separator or Air Classifier in which the light

combustibles and dense fractions are separated. In the Dense fraction stream, manual

separation takes place to separate dense combustibles like woody biomass, large textiles etc.

for firing in the Hot Air Generator.

Before the MSW is fed into the Air Density Separator, one more Magnetic Separation takes

place to separate balance ferrous fraction from the feed.

After Density separation, the output is fed into in a Primary Shredder. Before the feed goes

into the Primary Shredder, it passes through a Magnetic Separator to separate ferrous

materials mixed with MSW. The light combustible fraction (paper/biomass/textiles etc.) thus

separated is called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Fluff having calorific value of 2500 kcal/kg

with 15% moisture and 15% ash.

Properties of RDF Fluff

Shape : Irregular

Size : Irregular

Bulk density : 100 x 100 mm

Proximate analysis

Moisture : 10 % - 20 %

Ash content : 10 % - 20 %

Volatile matter : 40 % - 60 %

Fixed carbon : 10 % - 20 %



Ultimate analysis

Moisture : 10 % - 20 %

Mineral matter : 15 % - 25 %

Carbon : 35 % - 40 %

Hydrogen : 5 % - 8 %

Nitrogen : 1 % - 1.5 %

Sulphur : 0.2 % - 0.5 %

Oxygen : 25 % - 30 %

TABLE NO-2.12 LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY AND OTHERS

Equip

No

Equipment Name Capacity per equip.

(TPH)

1 Slat Conveyor 15

2 Inclined Conveyor 15

3 Manual Sorting Conveyor 15

3A Recyclable storage container/area 2

3B Bottle storage container 1

3C Heavy inert discharge 5

4 Blower

5 Slat Conveyor 15

6 Dryer feed inclined conveyor 15

7 Bio-clave type dryer 15

8 Slat Conveyor 15

9 Fine Trommel feed inclined conveyor 15

10 Fine Trommel (-10 mm) 15

11 Slat Conveyor 12

12 ADS feeding Inclined conveyor 12

13 ADS with Cyclone 12

13A Heavies discharge Conveyor 4



B1 Bin for collection

14 Fluff discharge Conveyor 6

11 Shredder feeding conveyor with magnetic

separator

6

12 Shredder 6

13 Air Compressor

(B) WINDROW COMPOSTING

Fraction (- 75 mm) will primarily contain organic matter and would be processed through

windrow composting section. A detail of technology is provided in subsequent paragraphs.

Aerobic Windrow Composting-

This is the most practical, energy conserving and least cost technology option for recovery of

value added organic fertilizer from the biomass. The technology is suitable for tropical,

subtropical and arid climatic conditions.

The recovered products i.e. organic compost will be of special importance to improve the

productivity of soil and reduce incidence of insects and diseases in crop plants.

KEY FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY:-

1. Waste is sanitized with herbal extracts.

2. It is bio stabilised with enzymes.

3. Rapidly fermented in compressed time cycle.

4. MSW is processed through mechanical methods.

5. Various grades of compost are recovered for use under different soil/crop Conditions as per

requirement.

6. Over 90% organic waste which is main pollutant is utilised fully.

7. The natural carbon energy is put to use for further plant growth.

8. Space required as per details given table.



The above Process will result into-

In the simplified design, which has become increasingly popular in India as per MSW Rule

2000, the steps are as follows:-

Transportation of raw material / feed to the compost pad.

Material after pre-sorting of recyclables is deposited directly in the windrow area

after inspection.

Stacking of the material in windrows, hand sorting of large items.

Regular turning of windrows (0-7 days interval) using front end loader or a skid

steer loader.

Screening of the stabilized material after 35 days.

Curing for further 7 days.

Packing and Storage.

Removal and disposal of residual waste at the designated site (this part is still

neglected resulting in an unclean surrounding at the compost plant).

TABLE: 2.13- QUALITY STANDARDS OF COMPOST PRODUCED (AS PER SMW RULE,

2016)

Parameters Maximum Acceptable Concentration

parts per million (PPM)

A *B

Arsenic 10.00 20

Cadmium 5.00 20

Chromium 50.00 300

Copper 300.00 500

Lead 100.00 100

Mercury 0.15 10



Nickel 50.00 100

Zinc 1000.00 2500

C / N ratio 20-40 15-20

pH 5.5-8.5 6.5 to 7.5

Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits should not be

used for food crops. However, it may be utilized for purposes other than growing food

crops.

THE PROCESS IN BRIEF:-

The fraction of 75 mm Solid waste coming out of pre-processing section is sent to windrow

pad for decomposition than sprayed with inoculants and water (from maintaining desired

moisture level) and the treated garbage will be stacked in the form of a windrow. Separate

windrows will be formed for each day’s collection. The reject coming out of the pre-

cleaning section is passed on to a sorting belt. Where the organic material, if any coming

out with the reject is sorted and then sent back to windrow found with the garbage. These

windrows will turned once in a week for proper aeration, so that aerobic process continues

uninterrupted. First stage of composting will be completed within 30-35 days.

After this the digested garbage is transferred to the rain shed where further digestion will

take place. From here the digested garbage will be fed by a feeder into the course

segregation section consists of series trammel which separate the digested garbage on the

basis of size. Each trammel is sent to landfill site directly. The reject coming out of the

second and third screen can be sent back to windrows for further digestion.

Material coming out of the last screen is transferred through a series of conveyor to curing

area, where further curing of the digested garbage (compost) lakes place. Various nutrients

such as rock phosphate etc. can be added to the compost therefore enhancing the quality of

the finished product. This material is then fed into a drag chain feeder, which transfers it to



a rotary screen through a bucket elevator; this rotary screen separates the material on the

basis of size. So that the digested compost coming out of it is acceptable in the market.

Screened material coming out of the rotary screen is fed to a gravity separator, which

separates materials such as Glass, metal etc. from the compost.

The reject material coming out of the rotary screen can be sent back to the curing area for

further digestion, compost, free from all major external impurities will be lifted through

another bucket elevator and discharged into a add- mixer and inoculums containing

various useful microbes like Azetobactor, PSB, Rhizobium and micro nutrients etc. will be

sprayed into the mixer inquired proportion for enriching the compost enriched organic

manure, which will have 20 – 25% moisture, is then weighed and packed and distributed.

Samples will be drawn at regular intervals from different stages for quality control.

Preferably as it is fast, exothermic and free form odour. Aerobic also help to eliminate

Pathogenic bacteria weed seeds, larvas etc. as a result of high temperature developed

during the process.

Design capacity of compost plant

Design capacity of compost plant is adopted as 90 TPD per day in 8 hours shift.

Gen. Technical Specification of Compost Plant-

(i) Windrow Platform-

Appropriate yard management is the first important step towards successful operation of

compost plant.

A. Compost windrow Pad – It is a non-permeable concrete platform where Windrows

of the waste are formed to accomplish composting process. Waste coming to the

Compost Pad is sprayed with inoculums and water to accelerate the digestion



process. This waste is then stacked in a form of Windrows. The cross section of the

windrows is so adjusted that it would get optimum surface area to volume ratio.

B. Digestion – A windrow will be kept at the same place for 7 days and aerobic

conditions will be maintained to aid in digestion process.

C. Turning – On every 7th day the windrow is turned to an adjacent location using

backhoe unit. After two turnings sanitization and decomposition phase of the fresh

garbage is over. Every day there will be one windrow which requires shifting to

Monsoon Shed and two windrows which requires turning.

(ii) Monsoon Shed

Material after digestion needs further stabilization and lose of moisture so that it can be

segregated in to different fractions. Also this shed protects feed material from rain. A

monsoon shed to accommodate the last seven days waste on windrow of size 168X10 m i.e.

1680 Sqm is required.

(iii) Coarse Segregation Section

Waste coming from the monsoon shed is lumpy, heterogeneous and slightly moist. This

section comprises of Trommel Screen which due to its cascading action helps loosening the

lumps and screen the waste efficiently.

Trommel- 35 – This is first screen in the section. It rejects the material having the overall

size of more than 35 mm. Organic material which is by now digested, break down in to

pieces and screen out of the Trommel. Screened material coming out of the Trommel

contains mostly organic material and small size inorganic material. Rejection coming from

Trommel Screen mainly consists of plastics, textile etc. The rejected material coming out of

the Trommel Screen is discharged at an suitable height in order to facilitate material

movement. Heap of the rejected material formed on the rejection yard will be removed

periodically and can be sent to the Landfill site.



Trommel-16 – This screen further segregate the material having the overall size more

than 16 mm. Screened material coming out of this section is below 16mm, uniform in

texture and contains semi – stabilised organic compost . This material is used for further

processing in the refinement section but before that it is kept in the curing section for

further stabilisation. Rejection from Trommel mainly consists of undigested organic matter

and inert material .This material can be used as masks on the fresh garbage windrows. This

masking prevents bird attraction and also assists in digestion process.

(iv) Curing Section

Material coming out of the coarse segregation section is semi-stabilized and it requires

further stabilization. Furthermore it contains certain amount of surface moisture which

needs to be removed before refinement of the product.

Material coming out of the Coarse Segregation Section is conveyed through conveyors and

dropped at different locations in curing area. These conveyors are kept at a suitable height

to allow heap formation below the drop point or the heaps can be formed by back hoe

loader/JCB. These heaps are kept in the area for 3 to 5 days for further stabilization and are

occasionally stirred to provide aeration. The temperature within the heap may go upto as

high as 65 °C, so moisture content of the material reduces and final refinement becomes

easier. Here some quality enhancing additives like Rock Phosphate can be added to the

material.

(v) Refinement Section

Refinement section serves the purpose of final dressing of compost. Here we remove fine

impurities as sand pebbles small glass etc. This section includes;-

Trommel Screen 6/4 - This Screen rejects the material with overall size more than 6-4

mm. Screened material coming out of the screen is sent ahead for further processing

whereas rejected material which contains some undigested organic matter is sent to the

Grinding section.



Gravity Separator - Screened material coming out of the Rotary Screen is sent to the

gravity separator which removes the impurities such as glass, metals, sand, silica etc. from

the organic manure.

(vi) Packing & Storage

Packing – High quality organic manure is passed through a packing spout and final packing

of the product takes place. Material is packed in 50 kg bags and then weighed. Bags are

then stitched using a portable sewing machine.

Storage – Packed material is finally stacked in the finished goods go down by using carts.

TABLE: 3.14- LIST OF PLANT - MACHINE - EQUIPMENTS – COMPOST PLANT

S.No Particulars – Machines Remarks / purpose

A.BIO COMPOSTING

01 Chain belt conveyor for I trommel Screened material conveying

02 Rotatory trommel I 50 mm dia Further separation of medium size

03 Rejection conveyor I chain belt type To drop out rejects

04 Chain belt conveyor IInd trommel Screened material conveying

05 Rotatory trommel II 16 mm dia For semi-finished compost recovery

06 Rejection conveyor II chain belt type For dropping out of pebbles, stones, ceramics

07 Chain belt conveyor III rd trommel Screened material conveying

08 Rotatory trommel III 6 mm dia ( Hole size) For semi-finished compost recovery

09 Rejection conveyor III belt type For dropping out of pebbles, stones, ceramics

10 Magnetic separator with conveyor To remove Fe metals

11 Distribution chain conveyor to vibro sieves For regulated feeding to vibro sieves

12 Density separator/De-stoner To recover final product from semi- finished material

13 Rejection conveyor IV (electric power) For dropping outstand glass

14 Air separator – classifier along with electric To collect matter and



power discharge at batch mixer

15 Packing chute with hopper & belt feeding For filling compost in HDPE bags

16 Dust collection & discharge device to be fixed on major dust generations areas

ACCESSORIES

01

Electric panels with each trommel and attachment set.

Regulatory control of power at each trommel site.

02

Hydraulic system 25 HP electrical moter. To provide power to entire trommel and attachment sets.

03

Bag stitching machines (nylon thread cone operation).

For bag stitching

04

Automatic bag filling machine (to be decided with manufacturer / supplier for performance)

Automatic bag filling with weighing accuracy.

05

Spray treatment motorized spray tanker of 3000 to 5000 lit capacity with stirrer – agitator

For treatment waste

(C) SANITARY LANDFILL

Landfill design involves development of concept, adoption of suitable procedure and safety

considerations. Landfill is a typical combination of different component and each of these

components has to be designed separately. Before generating a complete design of sanitary

landfill, design concepts for each component has been developed. For this process standard

design procedure by CPHEEO Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, United States

Environmental Protection Agency’s Manual on Solid Waste Management (Subpart – D, Design

Criteria) and Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules have been adopted.

Design concepts for the following components have been developed

Design life.

Assessment of landfill volume and area required.

Evaluation of concept development plan – Foot Print of Landfill Site.

Assessment of leachate quantity.

Design of leachate collection system.

Design of liner system.

Assessment of landfill gas generation.

Design of final cover system



Design Life and Area Required -

Landfill development is planned in for 20 years that is for period 2017 to 2037.Total area

proposed for landfill cells is 61425 Sqm.

Assessment of Leachate Quantity-

Leachate refers to the liquid that has passed through or emerged from solid waste and

contains dissolved and suspended materials removed from the solid waste. The leachate

generation is primarily a function of precipitation and it is directly proportional to rainfall

intensity and surface area.

Leachate is basically generated by the following two means-

1. from active landfill area

2. after closure of landfill site

Leachate generation rate from active landfill area is estimated by the method suggested by

CPHEEO Manual.

Leachate Generation Rate, Qa = (C X I X A) / 1000 m3/day

Where, A = N X a

C = Coefficient of Runoff (0.95)

I = Rainfall Intensity

A = Effective Surface area of Operating Phase

N = Number of Days considered for Leachate Collection Sump Design

a = Surface Area of Exposed Area of Landfill

Leachate Generation Rate after Closure of Landfill Site-

After construction of final cover, only that water which can infiltrate through final cover

percolates through the waste and generates leachate. The major quantity of precipitation

will be converted to surface runoff. Leachate generation rate after closure of landfill is

estimated by the method suggested by CPHEEO Manual.

Leachate generation Rate, Qp = Vp – Vr – Ve – Vw m3/day



Where,

Vp = A X I

Vr = C X A X I

Ve = E x A and

Vp = Volume of Precipitation

Vr = Volume of Surface Runoff

Ve = Volume Lost through Evapotranspiration

Vw = Volume of Water Absorbed by the Waste

A = Exposed Surface Area of Landfill Site

C = Coefficient of Runoff

I = Intensity of Rainfall

E = Evapotranspiration Rate

Leachate generation from Landfill and compost windrow area. Peak leachate generation

rate works out to 1186.23 m3 /day during monsoon period. The leachate should be

collected in ‘leachate collection sump’ and will be partially recirculated to windrow and

landfill and balance pumped to leachate evaporation pond.

A. Leachate generation from active landfill

C = Coefficient of Percolation 0.95 I = Rainfall Intensity (Duration 5.34 hrs rainfall, frequency once a yr)

13.07 mm/day

Duration of rainfall 5.34 Hrs

Effective Surface area of Operating Phase i.e. one cell area (Inside of bund centre line)

9600.00 Sqm

Leachate generation/day

636.33 Cum/day

B. Leachate generation after closure

Area of Landfill Site 9600 Sqm

Coefficient of Runoff 0.95

Intensity of Rainfall 13.07 mm/day

Duration of rainfall 5.34 Hrs

Peak leachate generation rate 12.73 Cum



C. Windrow area

Waste receiving Area (58X30) 1740.00 Sqm

Windrow area (172X37) open 6364.00 Sqm

Total

8104.00 Sqm

Coefficient of Runoff 0.95 Intensity of Rainfall 13.07mm/hour

Duration of rainfall

5.34 Hrs

peak leachate generation rate from windrow

537.17 Cum

Total leachate generation per day

1186.23 cum

Design of Leachate Collection System

The primary function of Leachate Collection System is to collect and convey leachate out of

the landfill unit and to control the depth of the leachate above the liner. The leachate

collection system should be designed to meet the hydraulic performance standard of

maintaining less than 30cm depth of leachate or head above liner, as suggested by USEPA

Manual. Flow of leachate through imperfections in the liner system increases with an

increase in leachate head above the liner. Maintaining a low leachate level above the liner

helps to improve the performance of the composite liners. The main components of

leachate collection system are-

Feeder Pipes

Header Pipes

Leachate collection Sump

Leachate collection system is a network of pipes by which the leachate is collected through

feeder pipes and conveyed to header pipes. The design of pipes should consider the

following factors-

The required flow using known percolation impingement rates and pipe spacing.

Pipe size using required flow and maximum slope.

Structural strength of the pipes.



Capacity & Volume of Landfill Site

Waste Generation in different year in as under –

Year 2017 - 87.48 MT / day

2022 - 107.95 MT / day 2027 - 134.86 MT / day 2032 - 165.73 MT / day 2037 206.03 MT / day

Additional waste in one Month of Srawan

- 1375.00

MT

Calculation of Volume

For 1st 5 year period (Year 2017 to 2022)

(87.48 + 107.95) x 5 x 365 +5 X1375 = 185204.9 MT

2

Say

185205

MT

For 2nd 5 year period (Year 2022 to 2027)

(107.95 + 134.86) x 5 x 365 +5 X 1375 = 228439.1 MT

= 2

Say 228440 MT

For 3rd 5 year period (Year 2027to 2032)

(134.86 + 165.7)

= 2

For 4th 5 year period (Year 2032 to 2037)

(165.73+206.03) x 5 x 365 +5X1375 = 346106 MT

= 2

Say 346106 MT

x 5 x 365 +5X1375 = 281163.4 MT

Say

281164

MT



Volume of Ist 5 year period (Year 2017 to 2022)

Waste going to

landfill = 20% of 185205 = 37041.0 MT

Daily cover @ 10% = 3704.10

Total 40745.10 MT

Compacted volume of waste @ 850 kg/cm

V1

=

4795 M3

Volume of 2nd 5th year period (Year 2022 to 2027)

Waste going to

landfill = 20% of 228440 = 45688.0

Daily cover @ 10% = 4568.80

Total 50256.80 MT

Compacted volume of waste @ 850 kg/cm V2

=

59126 M3

Volume of 3rd 5 year period (Year 2027 to 2032)

Waste going to

landfill = 20% of 281164 = 56232.8 MT

Daily cover @ 10% = 5623.28

Total 61856.08 MT

Compacted volume of waste @ 850 kg/cm V3

=

M3

72772

Volume of 4th 5 year period (Year 2032 to 2037)

Waste going to

landfill = 20% of 346106 = 69221.2 MT

Daily cover @ 10% = 6922.12

Total 76143.32 MT

Compacted volume of waste @ 850 3

Kg/cm V4 = 89580 M

Total volume required 3

for 20 yrs = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 = 269413 M

Total volume provided in SLF = 298109M3



Against a requirement of 269413 cum, volume provided is 298109 cum and hence the landfill area is sufficient for 22 yrs.

TABLE NO-2.15 SUMMARY OF LANDFILL DESIGN

Landfill Component Design Specifications

Design Life 20 years

Area & No of cells 61425 Sqm, 4 cells

Leachate Generation Rate from

Active Landfill Area

636.33 m3

Leachate Generation Rate after

Closure of Landfill Site

12.73 m3/day

Leachate from windrow and waste

receiving area

537.17 m3/day

Leachate Collection Sump 16X16X1.24 M capacity for landfill & 5X5X3 M for

windrow

Feeder Pipes Spacing

Size

20 m

150 mm diameter

Header Pipe

Size

200 mm diameter

Feeder and Header Pipe Material HDPE perforated pipes with sufficient

strength

Liner System A 90cm thick compacted clay or amended soil

(amended with bentonite) of permeability not

greater than 1X10-7.

A HDPE Geomembrane liner of thickness 1.5mm

and with minimum density of 0.94 gm/cc.

A drainage layer of 300 mm thick granular

material of permeability not greater than 1X10-2

cm/sec.

Number of Gas Vents

Required

4 in each cell



Final Cover System Vegetative layer of 450mm thick with good

vegetation supporting soil Drainage layer of

150mm thick granular material with

permeability 1 X 10-2cm/sec Barrier layer of

600mm thick clay/amended soil with

permeability 1 X 10-7cm/sec Gas venting layer of

200mm thick granular material with

permeability 1 X 10-2cm/sec.

Assessment of Landfill Gas Generation

Landfill gas is generated as a product of waste biodegradation. In landfill sites organic

waste is broken down by enzymes produced by bacteria in a manner comparable to food

digestion. Considerable heat is generated by these reactions with methane, carbon dioxide,

nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulphite, carbon dioxide and other gases as the byproducts.

Methane and carbon dioxide are the principle gases produced with almost 50 – 50 per cent

share.

When methane is present in the air in concentrations between 5 to 15 per cent, it is

explosive. Landfills generate gases with a pressure sufficient enough to damage the final

cover and largely have impact on vegetative cover. But, because only limited amount of

oxygen are present in a landfill, when methane concentration reach this critical level, there

is a little danger that the landfill will explode.

The quantity of gas generated from the landfill is estimated with the help of method

suggested in CPHEEO Manual,

Volume of Gas Generated, V = C X W X [P/100] m3/year

C = Coefficient of Generation (6 m3/ton/year)

W = Weight of Waste

P = Percentage of Organic Component

As suggested by CPHEEO Manual the gas management strategies should follow the

following three plans-

• Controlled Passive Venting

• Uncontrolled Release

• Controlled Collection and Treatment



For venting system number of vents required can be estimated by following formula,

Number of Vents Required, N = V / R

V = Volume of Gas Generated

R = Rate of Gas Release per Vent (7500 m3/year)

For Deoghar, Controlled Passive Venting system in Final cover is proposed. Total 19

Number of gas vents is required for 4 cells of landfill. 3 vents are proposed for cell 1 and 4

vents each are proposed for cell 2, 3, 4.

Design of Final Cover System

As recommended by the MoEF and CPHEEO the final cover system must consist of a

vegetative layer supported by a drainage layer over barrier layer and gas vent layer.

Vegetative layer of 450mm thick with good vegetation supporting soil.

Drainage layer of 150mm thick granular material with permeability 1 X 10-2 cm/sec.

Barrier layer of 600mm thick clay/amended soil with permeability 1 X 10-7 cm/sec.

Gas venting layer of 200mm thick granular material with permeability 1 X 10-2 cm/sec.

********



CHAPTER-III

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 STUDY AREA

This Chapter contains the description of baseline studies of the 10 km radius of the

surrounding Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management project at Pachiyari Kothiya

Village, Deoghar. Baseline environmental status in and around the proposed project

depicts the existing environmental conditions of air, water, noise, soil, biological and

socio-economic environment. With proposed project as the centre, a radial distance of 10

km is considered as ‘study area’ for baseline data collection. Baseline data was collected

for various environmental attributes so as to compute the impacts that are likely to arise

due to proposed developmental activity.

The objective of the present study is to assess comprehensive environmental impacts

due to proposed project activity. The current environmental status around the identified

project site represents the baseline status for proposed project. The methodology

adopted for conducting baseline studies is described in following sections.

3.1.1 STUDY PERIOD

The generation of primary data as well as collection of secondary data and information

from the site and surroundings was carried out during post monsoon season i.e. October

2018 to December, 2018. Map showing monitoring location (Air, Water Soil & Noise) is

shown in Figure in EIA/EMP report.

3.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

In order to assess the impacts of project activities on existing physical, biological and

social environment, it is necessary to study the present scenario of the area by collecting

the information on following parameters :-

Land Environment

Water Environment

Air Environment

Noise Environment



Biological Environment

Socio- Economic Environment

3.1.3 METHODOLOGY

The baseline information on meteorological data, ambient air quality, water quality, noise

level, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by

Wolkem India Limited, Udaipur. Long term meteorological data recorded at the nearest

IMD station Dumka, Jharkhand was collected. Apart from these, secondary data have been

collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey

and Land use Organization, District Industrial Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground

Water Authority and State Ground Water Department etc. The generation of primary data

as well as collection of secondary data and information from the site and surroundings

was carried out.



FIGURE 3.1: COMPOSITE SAMPLING LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA.



3.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BASELINE FOR VALUED ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT

(A) LAND ENVIRONMENT:-

(a) Land use of study area (buffer zone)

The satellite based remote sensing is a sustainable global information system because it has

the potential to meet the needs and demands of the present and future. The synoptic

Average, which provides capability for integration of real time information on regional and

global scales, is a unique characteristic of this information system. Its versatility lies in its

inherent capability to conceptualize situation to give clear perceptions for defining short

term and long term objectives.

An activity could bring about changes in the Land use and Land cover in the vicinity. A data

based on Land use and land cover indicates ecosystems existing in and around the centre of

an economic activity, to safeguard to allow comparison at a future date to draw conclusions

on the nature. The study reported here is with the honest intention of building such a

database on land use and land cover in an area within about 10 km radius of the proposed

project. The details of the land use present in the 10 km study area are given below in Table

3.1; Land use Land cover Map and satellite imagery shown in figure is shown in Figure 3.2

and 3.3.

TABLE 3.1: LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE

Refer Figure 3.2 & 3.3: Land use & Satellite Image of 10 km Radius of the Study Area

Classes Area (in Ha.) Area (in %)

Open scrub land 6749.99 25.86

Forest plantation 3286.04 12.59

Crop land 676.34 2.59

Fellow land 1343.16 5.15

Habitation 3368.57 12.91

Waste land 5985.90 22.94

Water bodies 4687.23 17.96

Total 26097.23 100.00



FIGURE 3.2: LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA.



FIGURE 3.3: SATELLITE IMAGE OF 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA



Cropping Pattern

The climatic conditions of a region affect the agricultural cropping pattern of different

areas. Thus, it produces different crops. Amongst a host of climatic factors i.e. rainfall,

temperature, humidity, wind velocity and duration of sunshine etc. affect the cropping

pattern in a significant way. Annual rainfall and its distribution over the entire year and the

regimes of diurnal and annual temperatures are by far, the prominent factors affecting

agriculture and the life style of the people. The major crops in the study area are Rice,

Maize, Pigeon pea, Black gram, Green gram, Groundnut, Wheat, and Mustard etc.

(B) Land form, Land Use and Land Ownership- The proposed facilities will be

developed inside the existing area available with the Municipal Corporation of Pachiyari

Kothiya Village. The land use details are given below:-

TABLE 3.2: LAND USE DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA

S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in

acres

Area in %

1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7


3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2


5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5

6. Reserved for Septage

management plant

12990 3.21 13.6

Total 95364 23.56 100



(C) Topography& Drainage

Deoghar district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India,

and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Deoghar is set in an

attractive, undulating landscape, with water courses and small hills. The city is surrounded by

lots of hills, to the north there is Baba Jungle, named after a fakir; towards north-west, a low

wooded hill called Nandan Pahar and towards east about 20 miles away there is a low range

of hills known as Trikuti or Trikutaparvata. The river Ajay and its tributaries control the

drainage of the area. River Ajay originates from the hills of the Chotanagpur plateau at an

elevation of 346.23m amsl. Prominent among the tributaries are the Bhagdura, Partho, Dama,

and Jayanti. These apart, there are several seasonal streams and nallas which ultimately join

the river Ajay and its tributaries.

There is no water bodies exist in study area however some seasonal & perennial water bodies

is exist in study area which is given below-

TABLE 3.3: WATER BODIES WITHIN STUDY AREA

S.No Name Distance (Km) Direction



3 Kutaniya Nadi 7.8 SW

4 Chhauuri Nihan Nadi 8.0 NW




8 Chandan River 8.1 NE

9 Jhajhajor Nala 5.4 NE

10 Chhatimi Nadi 1.5 NE

11 Karankol Nala 11.8 SSE

(Refer topographical map & Drainage Map of the study area is refer figure No- 3.4 & 3.5).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoghar



FIGURE 3.4: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA



FIGURE- 3.5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).

Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited

89

Geology-

The district contains several clusters of rocky hills covered with forest, but series of long

ridges with intervening depressions. The geology of the area mainly comprises of

Chotanagpur gneissic complex which forms the basement rock. Chotanagpur gneissic

complex belongs to Proterozoic age. The lithounits consists mainly of granitic gneiss, also

patches of amphibolites can be seen at places. The Chotanagpur gneissic complex is overlain

by patches of gondwana formations in the south –west and south portion of the district

exposed in the area. At place these formation are traversed by pegmatites and dolerite

dykes. The central portion of the district is covered with quaternary sand and alluvium.

(D) Seismicity of the area-

Many parts of the Indian subcontinent have historically high seismicity. Seven catastrophic

earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 (Richter scale) have occurred in the western,

northern and eastern parts of India and adjacent countries in the past 100 years.

According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, on a scale ranging from I to V in order of

increasing susceptibility to earthquakes, the city lies inside seismic zone III which is classified

as the medium damage risk zone. Hence, no such damage can be anticipated.

Following are the varied seismic zone of the Nation, which are prominently shown in the

map-

Seismic zone-II- This is said to be the least active seismic zone.

Seismic zone-III- It is includes in the moderate seismic zone.

Seismic zone-IV- This is considered to be the high seismic zone.

Seismic zone-V- It is the highest seismic zone.



90

FIGURE 3.6: SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA



91

(E) Soil quality:-

The district is characterized by a wide variety of soils, which can be classified as clayey,

loamy, sandy loam and lateritic. Sandy loams to loamy sands are common in uplands

whereas loam to sandy loam is common in lowlands.

During the study period seven soil samples was collected from study area; from Project

Site, Gharmara Village, Deopur Village, Bhanra Village, Ghirudia Village, Deoghar Village,

Paharidih Village for assessment of the soil quality.

Methodology for soil monitoring:-

The soil survey was carried out to assess the soil characteristics of the area. For studying

soil quality of the area, 7 samples were collected from four different locations in the study

area (in and around the project site) to assess the existing soil conditions. Distance and

direction of soil sampling station from the project site have been given below in Table

No-3.4.

Soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm

below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil

Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science

Society of America). Air-dried and Sieved samples have been used for determination of

physical properties of soil. Standard methods were followed for the analysis of soil

samples. Soil sampling location is given in the table below.

TABLE 3.4: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No.

Area Description Station

Code Dis.

(in Km) Direction

Frequency

1. Project Site SQ1 -- -- Once during the study period.

2. Gharmara Village SQ2 500m E 3. Deopur Village SQ3 3.50 km W

4. Bhanra Village SQ4 4.50 km NW 5. Ghirudia Village SQ5 4.10 km SE 6. Deoghar Village SQ6 4.55 km S 7. Paharidih Village SQ7 5.50 km N

Refer Figure 3.1: composite Sampling Location map of the study area.



92

TABLE 3.5 STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL

S. No. Soil Test Classification

1. pH

<4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.0 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline

2

Salinity Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm) (1 ppm = 640 mmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon

Upto 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)

Upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha)

Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient

6 Potash (Kg/ha)

0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi



93

TABLE- 3.6 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY OF SOIL SAMPLES

S. No. Parameters Test Method

1. pH value IS : 2720 ( P-26, 1987)

2. Conductivity IS : 14767 – 2000 Reaffirmed 2006

3. Sulphate IS 2720 (part XXVII)

4. Bulk Density IS 918

5. Sodium (as Na) IS 9497

6. Potassium (as K) IS 9497

7. Organic Matter IS 2720 (part XXII)

8. Phosphorus IS 10158

9. Zinc (as Zn) USEPA 3050B (AAS FLAME) Dec.

1996 Rev. 2

10 Iron USEPA 3050B (AAS FLAME) Dec.

1996 Rev. 2

11. Sodium Absorption Ratio (Sar) SOP No. 96/100 Issue date-

29.05.2017



94

Soil Analysis -

Analysis of soil samples has been done by NABL accredited laboratory by following

prescribed standard methods & the result of analysis is shown in below table.

TABLE 3.7: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLES

Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

PH VALUE (1:5) - 6.92 5.63 5.92 5.64 5.82 5.77 5.92

Electrical

Conductivity µS/cm 108.2 92.5 68.4 112.4 72.4 55.8 63.4

Nitrogen (Available) Kg/Ha 225 450 675 562.5 720 630 607.5

Phosphorous Kg/Ha 22.5 24.75 40.5 33.75 38.25 36 45

Potassium As K Kg/Ha 445.5 915.885 54.652 418.2975 207.9 546.5025 164.52

Calcium As Ca mg/Kg 56.44 94.45 38.62 70.93 33.97 52.84 65.35

Magnesium mg/Kg 18.52 21.15 15.54 28.2 13.77 17.52 20.95

Sodium Kg/Ha 581.85 1152.9 72.9 452.7 257.62 649.575 194.4

Chlorides mg/Kg 30 35 41 28 50 37 46

Sulphates Kg/Ha 1012.5 1080 1552.5 292.5 1147.5 742.5 1125

Aluminium mg/Kg 0.85 0.94 0.79 1.04 0.66 0.92 0.59

Manganese mg/Kg 69.15 76.32 88.6 70.2 75.34 84.22 62.73

Boron mg/Kg BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

BDL (0.01)

Zinc mg/Kg 3.42 2.17 3.16 2.23 4.07 1.94 2.52

Iron mg/Kg 29 38 41 34 44 31 46

Organic Matter % 1.190 2.410 1.207 2.150 1.952 2.138 3.172

Sodium Absorption

Ratio (Sar) - 0.3528 0.3065 0.188 0.237 0 0.1433 0.1981

Bulk Density gm/CC 1.47 1.24 1.62 1.31 1.33 1.49 1.66

Texture Loamy

Sand

Loamy

Sand

Loamy

Sand

Sandy

Loam

Loamy

Sand

Loamy

Sand

Loamy

Sand

Sand % 85.25 78.53 87.26 77.37 84.43 88.09 86.48

Silt % 12.3 14.59 11.48 13.77 12.34 10.35 10.48

Clay % 2.45 6.88 1.26 8.86 3.23 1.56 3.04

Organic carbon % 0.69 0.54 0.70 0.48 0.61 0.55 1.08

Water Holding Capacity

% 31.8 29.9 32.7 26.9 30.4 31.2 29.1



95

Organic carbon-

The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter

plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil

aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity.

Organic carbon content in the district ranges from 0.10 to 3.23 %. They are mapped into

three classes i.e., low (below 0.5 %), medium (0.5-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %). Low

organic carbon content may be due to high temperature regime of the area, which

accelerates the rate of decomposition of organic carbon.

Organic carbon content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between 0.48 % to 1.08

%.

Macronutrients

Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary

nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth,

development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large

quantity.

Available nitrogen

Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme

essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids which is building

blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm.

Available nitrogen content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between 225 Kg/Ha

to 720 Kg/Ha.

Available phosphorus-

Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop

maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of

phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation.

Available phosphorus content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between

22.5Kg/Ha to 45 Kg/Ha.



96

Available Sulphur

Sulphur is essential in synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids, chlorophyll and

metabolites. It activates many proteolytic enzymes, increase root growth and nodule

formation and stimulates seed formation.

Micronutrients-

Micronutrients like Iron, Copper, Iodine, Zink, Manganese, Boron are essential elements

that are used by plants in small quantities. For most micronutrients, crop uptake is less

than one pound per acre. In spite of this low requirement, critical plant functions are

limited if micronutrients are unavailable, resulting in plant abnormalities, reduced growth

and lower yield.

OBSERVATIONS:-

The soil analysis results are presented in Table 3.7. The result obtained is compared with

the standard soil classification as given in Agriculture Handbook. Samples collected from

identified locations indicate that the pH value is ranging between 5.77 to 6.92 which show

that the soils are moderately & slightly acidic in nature. Potassium value ranging from

54.65 to 915 kg/hec & Total Phosphorous varies from 22.5 to 45 kg/hec.

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

In order to conduct EIA Studies, baseline data pertaining to water environment of the

proposed project was carried out evaluating the basic characteristics, drainage pattern, and

hydrology. Water Environment of the area has been studied by locating ground water

sources.

Requirement of water -

Construction Phase- During construction phase water will be requiring about 5 KLD.

Operational Phase- Total water requirement in the project during operational phase will be

about 18.5 KLD which will met from PHED supply.



97

Surface water & Ground water- There is no any surface & ground water source exist in

project site; however there is surface water bodies are exist in study area which is given

earlier table number 3.3.

Depth to Water Level (Pre & Post Monsoon)

The ground water table in the area is 5-12mbgl (in Post- monsoon) & 6-13 mbgl (in Pre

Monsoon).

Hydrogeology: - Deoghar district is largely covered by Chotanagpur granites and gneissic

complex associated with some metasediments and metabasic rocks. The Gondwanas have

been developed in tectonic basin fill deposits and are resting on Archaean basements. The

Gondwanas mainly consist of sandstones, shales, coal seams and are exposed in Karon and

Madhupur blocks of the district. Alluvium occurring along the river channels and adjoining

areas and are mainly composed of fine to coarse sand and clays. Laterites occur in isolated

patches. About 70% of the district area is underlain by hard and compact granitic rocks,

known as Chotanagpur granite gneiss. Weathering, fracturing and jointing have introduced

secondary porosities in these hard rocks and these govern the occurrence and movement of

groundwater in these rocks. In these formations groundwater occurs under unconfined

condition in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined to confined conditions in the

fractures underneath. Groundwater also occurs under unconfined condition in the narrow

stretches of alluvium along stream courses; however, groundwater potentiality in the

alluvium is not promising.

(Source-CGWB Deoghar)

3.3.1 Ground water monitoring methodology

Seven ground water samples were collected during the study period (October 2018 to

December 2018). The quality of ground water was studied by collecting water samples

from representative, dug wells, tube wells and surface water by from different water

sources. These samples were taken and were analysed for various parameters and

compared with standards IS: 10500. The locations of water sampling stations have been

shown in below table.



98

TABLE 3.8: LOCATION OF GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING IN

THE STUDY AREA

Sr.

No. Area Description Station Code

Dis. (in Km)

Direction

1. Pachiyari Kothiya Village (Pond)

SW1 1.5 km W

2. Siria Pond SW2 2.95 km E

3. Darhwa Nadi At Village Ghaghi

SW3 6.11 km E

4. Shivganga pond At Deogarh Village

SW4 4.76 km S

5. Pachiyari Kothiya Village GW1 500meter W

6. Deopur Village GW2 3.5 Km W

7. Bhanra Village GW3 4.30 Km NW

8. Deoghar GW4 5.0 Km S

Refer Figure 3.1: composite sampling locations in the study area



99

3.3.2 Analysis Report of Water Quality

TABLE 3.9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES

Parameter Units

Requirement

(Desirable

Limit)

(As per BIS

10500:2012)

Permissible

limit in the

Absence of

Alternate source

(As per BIS

10500:2012)

Location of ground Water Samples

Pachiyari Kothiya Village (GW1)

Deopur Village (GW2)

Bhanra Village (GW3)

Deogarh (GW4)

pH 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxation 7.7 7.2 6.95 7.1

EC ms/us

-- --

681.3 710.6 1.108 1.213

Odours Hazen

Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl

e Agreeabl

e Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.8 0.9 0.6 1

TDS mg/L 500 2000 462 602 718 976

Hardness mg/L 200 600 188 292 306 398

Calcium mg/L 75 200 47.2 76 79.2 78.4

Magnesium mg/L 30 100 16.8 24.5 25.9 48.5

Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 212 176 238 216

Chloride mg/L 250 1000 42 127 136 149

Hexavalent Cr mg/L

-- --

(<0.02) BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL

Fluoride mg/L 1 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 1

Phosphate mg/L - - 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.1

Sulphate mg/L 200 400 51.5 58.6 61.6 68.7

Nitrate mg/L 45 No Relaxation 7.6 23.8 31.3 40.28

Zinc mg/L 5 15 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.24

Lead mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

Potassium mg/L - - 3.3 3.6 1.8 4.8

Sodium mg/L - - 48.6 39.4 68.5 112.4

Fe mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation 0.37 0.27 0.29 0.42

Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

Copper mg/L 0.05 1.5 (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

T.Cr. mg/L - -

(<0.02) BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL

Mercury mg/L 0.001 No relaxation (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL Phenolic

compound mg/L 0.001 0.002

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL



100

TABLE 3.10: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES

Parameter Units

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)

(As per BIS

10500:2012)

Permissible

limit in the

Absence of

Alternate source

(As per BIS

10500:2012)

Location of Surface Water Samples

Pond

Pachiyari

Kothiya

Village

(SW1)

Siria

Pond

(SW2)

Darhwa

Nadi At

Village

Ghaghi

(SW3)

Shivgan

ga pond

At

Deogarh

Village

(SW4)

pH 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxation 7.32 7.6 8.1 7.42

EC ms/us

-- --

278.4 506.4 269.7 576.1

Odours Hazen

Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl

e Agreeable

Agreeable

Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 TS mg/L - - 200 310 236 418

TDS mg/L 500 2000 182 296 224 408 TSS mg/L - - 18 14 12 10

Hardness mg/L 200 600 88 124 98 152

Calcium mg/L 75 200 19.2 30.4 21.6 37.6

Magnesium mg/L 30 100 9.6 11.5 10.5 13.9

Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 118 138 114 146

Chloride mg/L 250 1000 49 81 20 107

Hexavalent Cr mg/L

-- --

(<0.02) BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL

Fluoride mg/L 1 1.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 1

Phosphate mg/L - - 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.21

Sulphate mg/L 200 400 8.88 9.19 5.6 14.5

Nitrate mg/L 45 No Relaxation 4.8 5.03 5.61 19.1

Zinc mg/L 5 15 0.1 0.12 (<0.1) BDL 0.14

Lead mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

Potassium mg/L - - 2.9 3.6 1.8 3.2

Sodium mg/L - - 13.2 15.8 11.9 22.1

Fe mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation

Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

Copper mg/L 0.05 1.5 (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL

T.Cr. mg/L - -

(<0.02) BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL

Mercury mg/L 0.001 No relaxation (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL (<0.001)

BDL Phenolic

compound mg/L 0.001 0.002

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

DO mg/l - - 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.1

BOD mg/l - - 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.3

COD mg/l - - 8.3 16.5 12.4 16.5



101

Conclusion:

The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per IS 10500-2012 is 6.5 to 8.5 beyond

this range the water will affect the mucus membrane and or water supply system. During

study period the pH in the ground water samples was varying from 6.9 to 7.7. The pH of all

samples was falling within the acceptable limit.

The acceptable limit for total dissolved solids as per IS 10500:2012 is 500 mg/l, whereas

the permissible limit in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l, beyond this palatability

decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. In water samples collected from the

study area, the total dissolved solids in groundwater are varying from 462 mg/l to 976 mg/l.

two samples are falling within the acceptable limit and remaining four samples are above

the acceptable limit but within permissible limit.

The acceptable limit for chloride is 250 mg/l as per IS10500:2012 whereas the permissible

limit of the same is 1000 mg/l beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected.

The Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging

from 42mg/l to 149mg/l. All samples are falling within acceptable limit.

The acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 for hardness is 200mg/l whereas the permissible

limit for the same is 600mg/l beyond this limit encrustation in water supply structure and

adverse effects on domestic use will be observed. In the water samples collected from the

study area, the hardness is varying from 188 mg/l to 398mg/l. All samples are falling above

the acceptable limit but within the permissible limits. The general characteristics of all the

ground water samples collected in the region shows fairly good quality.

The Nitrate levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging

from 7.6 mg/l to 40.28mg/l & Phosphate levels in the ground water samples collected in the

study area were ranging from 0.1 mg/l to 0.13mg/l. All samples are falling within acceptable

limit.

Fluoride content was varying from 0.4 mg/L to 1.1 mg/L which is in permissible limit.

It is seen that the physicochemical analysis of other parameters like chloride, calcium,

magnesium, nitrate and fluoride were found within the desirable limit of IS (10500:2012).



102

Surface water:-

pH was varying between 7.32 to 8.1. The total dissolved solids were in the range of

182mg/l to 408 mg/l, the chlorides were in the range of 20 mg/l to 107 mg/l & the hardness

is varying between 88 mg/l to 152 mg/l. All the samples collected in the study area during

study period & all parameter are within permissible limites.

3.4 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

3. 4.1 Meteorology

Meteorological factors such as wind speed, direction variation in temperature, humidity etc.

play a direct role in dispersion of pollutants atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover

also govern this activity. In order to establish the prevailing climatic condition, a

meteorological monitoring station was installed in the study area during the study period.

Based on the site meteorological information gathered during the monitoring period, wind

rose diagram was generated to understand the prevailing wind direction so as to anticipate

the dispersion of pollutants in the wind direction.

Refer Figure 3.7: Wind Rose Diagram

FIGURE 3.7: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM



103

3.4.2 Rainfall and Climate

The climate is dry but still Deoghar is considered a health resort. The district experience hot

summer (March to May) heavy monsoon rains (June to September) and cool dry winters

(October to February). Summers (March to June) are warm with the maximum temperature of

about 37°C and minimum of about 23°C. But can go beyond 42 °C during the peak summer

days in May. Monsoons (July to September) are accompanied by mild to average rainfalls and

offers humid and warm climate. Winters (November to February) are characterized by cool

breeze and cool weather. During winters minimum temperature can go about 7°C and

maximum is only about 27°C. August and September are the wettest months. Average annual

rainfall of the district is 1162 mm of which about 88% is received between June and October.

3.4.3 Ambient air quality monitoring

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during the study period (October 2018 to

November 2018) to establish the ambient air quality. “An Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

monitoring programme” is collection of data that form an accurate record of air quality. The

purpose of collection of baseline AAQ data was to know the present status of air

environment in and around the project site, Sampling was carried out with the help of

Repairable particulate matter Sampler “Repairable Dust Sampler” (RDS). The data generated

by Wolkem India Limited Consultants, Udaipur for ambient air quality status within 10 km.

radius of the project site.

3.4.4 Location of Ambient Air Sampling Stations

Sampling locations were established for ambient air monitoring in and around the project

site within a radius of 10.0 km, to study the present quality of the air. The monitoring

locations are marked in the map presented as fig. 3.1. Location of sampling points along with

distance and direction with respect to project site are given below:-



104

TABLE 3.11: LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS

Sr.

No. Area Description

Station

Code

Dis.

(in Km)

Direction

1. Project site A1 -- --

2. 500 D/W direction at

Gharmara Village

A2 500m E

3. Deopur Village A3 3.69 Km W

4. Bhanra Village A4 4.30 KM NW

5. Ghirudia Village A5 4.28 km SE

6. Deoghar Village A6 4.43 km S

7. Paharidih Village A7 5.09 km N

8. Pachiyari Kothiya Village A8 5.00 km W

Refer Figure 3.1: composite sampling location in the study area.

Stations selected are above three meter from ground level.

The station selected is representative of the area for which monitoring is done.

There is no obstruction in the wind flow direction (away from tall building and trees).

For traffic pollution the monitoring location is kept 3 m above the street level in

village road.

Equipment’s, reagents filter paper sand other accessories as per NABL standard.

During monitoring cross checking is ensured.

Samples are collected stored and transported to laboratory as per set procedures of

laboratory.

3.4.5. Sampling Schedule

Sampling was done 24/8 hourly from each station round the clock, twice a week for

continuous three month (Study period).

3.4.6. Air quality parameter

The following parameters were analysed for each sample.



105

TABLE 3.12: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING METHOD

S. No. Parameters Test Method Instrument

used

Model & Make of

instrument

1 PM10 IS 5182 (Part-23)

2006,Gravimetric

CPCB Guidelines for

Ambient Air

Monitoring

RDS (Respirable

Dust Sampler)

APM 460BL

(Envirotech)

2 PM2.5 IS 5182 (Part-23)

2006,Gravimetric

CPCB Guidelines for

Ambient Air

Monitoring

RDS (Respirable

Dust Sampler) with

attachment of PM2.5

APM 460BL

(Envirotech)

3 SOx IS 5182 (Part-II) 2001,

Reaff.2006

Gas sampler APM411

(Envirotech)

AAS109 (Ecotech)

4 NOx IS 5182 (Part-VI) 2006 Gas sampler APM411

(Envirotech)

AAS109 (Ecotech)



106

TABLE 3.13: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Pollutant

Concentration in µg/mg3

Time

Industrial,

Residential, Rural

& other areas

Ecologically

Sensitive area

(Notified by Central

Govt.)

Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m3) Annual Avg.*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

Oxides of Nitrogen (µg/m3) Annual Avg.

24 hours

40

80

30

80

PM10 (µg/m3) Annual Avg.

24 hours

60

100

60

100

PM2.5 (µg/m3) Annual Avg.

24 hours

40

60

40

60

Source: Gazette of India Notification, dated 16th Nov, 2009

* Annual Arithmetic Means of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals

** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be complied

with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two

consecutive days of monitoring

Micro meteorological data temperature & relative humidity were recorded at project site

during the study period which is summarized in the table 3.14.



107

TABLE 3.14: SITE SPECIFIC MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Month Temperature

(0C)

Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (in

mm)

Min Max Min Max Total

October 2018 20.0 33.1 70 75 70

November 2018 17.2 31.0 60 65 8

December 2018 11.0 25 60 70 25

TABLE 3.14 (A): MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED BY

IMD STATION DUMKA (1981- 1992)

Month Temperature

0C

Relative

Humidity (%)

Rainfall Wind Direction

Min Max Min Max Total 1st

Predomina

nt

2nd

Predominan

t

January 7.1 29.5 53 65 5.3 W E

February 10 33.2 44 56 11.4 W E

March 13.6 39.2 40 52 21 W E

April 17.7 42.9 39 53 29 W E

May 20.3 43.0 54 65 74.6 E W

June 21.4 41.8 70 75 224 E W

July 22.1 36.9 80 81 304.2 W E

August 21.9 35.8 80 83 307.3 E W

September 21.8 36.5 80 81 211.6 W E

October 17.9 36.0 70 76 110.2 W E

November 12.1 34.1 60 67 8.1 W E

December 8.7 30.0 57 67 10.1 W E

Sources- IMD station Dumka.

Conclusion

The maximum temperature recorded during the study period was 33.1°C and minimum

temperature was 11°C. The relative humidity during the study period was ranges between

60– 75 %. Pre dominant wind directions during study period was W to E.



108

TABLE 3.15: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULT

Result for test parameter PM10/ PM2.5/ SO2/ NO2/CO A1) “Project site”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 01.10.2018 0 63.7 33.8 11.0 30.7 0.64

2 04.10.2018 0 62.0 34.8 10.8 29.5 0.81

3 08.10.2018 0 62.4 32.9 8.4 30.3 0.65

4 11.10.2018 0 60.2 37.6 9.3 28.7 0.96

5 15.10.2018 0 59.6 36.5 9.0 27.1 0.81

6 18.10.2018 0 57.2 36.9 9.0 27.0 0.98

7 22.10.2018 0 56.9 39.1 8.3 27.5 0.82

8 25.10.2018 0 59.3 40.1 7.5 25.4 0.66

9 29.10.2018 0 68.2 42.7 8.4 28.4 0.33

10 01.11.2018 0 52.7 37.2 7.4 23.3 0.49

11 05.11.2018 0 62.3 33.3 9.3 28.7 0.97

12 08.11.2018 0 63.1 33.1 8.4 28.5 0.66

13 12.11.2018 0 66.1 35.2 10.9 30.5 0.81

14 15.11.2018 0 70.8 34.3 9.2 31.5 0.98

15 19.11.2018 0 60.1 34.6 8.4 28.4 0.81

16 22.11.2018 0 56.9 29.9 7.1 24.7 0.66

17 26.11.2018 0 48.6 27.1 7.3 21.1 0.66

18 29.11.2018 0 56.7 34.2 9.0 27.0 0.83

19 01.12.2018 0 58.6 38.8 8.8 25.9 1.01

20 05.12.2018 0 57.5 36.6 8.9 26.1 1.00

21 08.12.2018 0 55.4 30.5 7.3 21.1 0.84

22 12.12.2018 0 55.1 34.9 9.0 22.4 0.83

23 15.12.2018 0 54.3 33.2 7.5 22.3 0.66

24 19.12.2018 0 57.0 33.8 7.5 24.2 0.65

25 24.12.2018 0 61.0 34.7 9.0 24.1 0.83

26 27.12.2018 0 55.7 28.3 7.6 21.4 0.67

Minimum 48.62 27.13 7.08 21.07 0.33

Maximum 70.80 42.71 11.00 31.52 1.01

Average 59.28 34.77 8.62 26.37 0.77



109

Result for test parameter PM10/ PM2.5/ SO2/ NO2/CO

A2) “500 D/W Direction At Gharmara Village 500 Meter, E”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 01.10.2018 0 63.2 34.7 7.4 25.0 0.96

2 04.10.2018 0 62.0 36.5 8.0 24.0 0.80

3 08.10.2018 0 61.2 35.0 7.4 24.6 0.96

4 11.10.2018 0 64.5 39.2 7.5 23.6 0.65

5 15.10.2018 0 62.0 38.4 8.0 22.3 0.79

6 18.10.2018 0 64.8 37.5 7.4 22.5 0.64

7 22.10.2018 0 58.9 38.1 7.3 22.4 0.96

8 25.10.2018 0 61.3 39.5 5.8 20.6 0.80

9 29.10.2018 0 62.5 39.8 5.8 22.9 0.97

10 01.11.2018 0 57.8 37.6 7.1 18.3 0.81

11 05.11.2018 0 62.2 33.4 7.5 23.6 0.66

12 08.11.2018 0 64.4 33.8 7.5 23.6 0.33

13 12.11.2018 0 59.2 33.8 7.3 24.1 0.50

14 15.11.2018 0 66.7 36.0 7.3 26.0 0.99

15 19.11.2018 0 59.0 36.0 5.9 23.1 0.66

16 22.11.2018 0 58.4 36.1 7.4 21.4 0.84

17 26.11.2018 0 60.0 36.5 8.0 19.3 0.98

18 29.11.2018 0 60.9 36.5 7.3 22.3 0.84

19 03.12.2018 0 63.1 44.2 8.1 22.0 0.65

20 06.12.2018 0 62.8 31.1 7.4 22.2 0.67

21 10.12.2018 0 63.5 39.9 5.9 19.6 0.83

22 13.12.2018 0 62.1 35.6 7.3 20.5 0.98

23 17.12.2018 0 64.9 35.4 5.9 20.1 1.01

24 20.12.2018 0 58.5 33.5 7.1 21.2 0.84

25 24.12.2018 0 62.6 36.4 8.3 22.5 0.83

26 27.12.2018 0 65.0 37.9 6.0 20.1 0.89

Minimum 57.81 31.13 5.82 18.33 0.33

Maximum 66.70 44.20 8.29 26.04 1.01

Average 61.98 36.63 7.15 22.22 0.801



110


A3) “Deopur Village,”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 01.10.2018 0 69.1 36.7 9.9 21.3 0.82

2 04.10.2018 0 64.2 30.4 9.1 19.6 0.61

3 08.10.2018 0 65.8 34.6 6.5 18.7 0.81

4 11.10.2018 0 68.5 38.2 7.9 17.3 0.83

5 15.10.2018 0 62.9 36.0 8.4 18.5 1.03

6 18.10.2018 0 63.6 32.3 8.2 18.1 0.82

7 22.10.2018 0 60.4 40.6 8.2 16.8 0.61

8 25.10.2018 0 62.1 43.1 6.6 16.6 0.61

9 29.10.2018 0 61.8 38.1 6.6 18.9 0.61

10 01.11.2018 0 64.2 39.1 6.6 14.1 0.63

11 05.11.2018 0 59.7 33.9 7.9 17.4 0.63

12 08.11.2018 0 66.1 40.3 8.3 15.8 0.63

13 12.11.2018 0 63.8 35.0 9.8 19.4 0.85

14 15.11.2018 0 63.4 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.62

15 19.11.2018 0 63.7 35.2 6.7 18.1 0.84

16 22.11.2018 0 62.2 37.7 6.8 18.4 1.05

17 26.11.2018 0 65.9 36.8 6.2 17.4 0.83

18 29.11.2018 0 61.3 36.9 5.9 17.8 0.85

19 03.12.2018 0 62.7 37.2 5.8 17.4 0.85

20 06.12.2018 0 67.1 45.2 6.8 18.2 0.63

21 10.12.2018 0 63.6 51.0 6.8 18.2 0.63

22 13.12.2018 0 64.1 47.9 6.4 17.3 0.63

23 17.12.2018 0 66.2 42.8 6.4 17.3 0.63

24 20.12.2018 0 65.6 37.9 8.0 18.7 0.64

25 24.12.2018 0 69.1 43.8 8.8 18.9 0.85

26 27.12.2018 0 67.5 50.1 6.7 18.1 0.63

Minimum 59.71 30.36 5.77 14.14 0.61

Maximum 69.14 51.01 9.91 21.29 1.05

Average 64.40 39.22 7.44 18.05 0.73



111


A4) “Bhanra Village”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 02.10.2018 0 62.6 35.5 9.0 19.4 0.69

2 05.10.2018 0 61.3 31.8 8.6 17.3 0.53

3 09.10.2018 0 63.4 38.7 7.1 18.4 0.52

4 12.10.2018 0 71.7 45.3 7.5 18.1 0.53

5 16.10.2018 0 60.1 40.0 8.2 18.1 0.53

6 19.10.2018 0 65.2 36.7 8.4 17.2 0.53

7 23.10.2018 0 64.1 46.6 7.5 17.0 0.52

8 26.10.2018 0 62.4 45.7 7.5 17.0 0.71

9 30.10.2018 0 68.8 46.3 6.2 19.9 0.54

10 02.11.2018 0 69.9 46.0 7.6 14.7 0.71

11 06.11.2018 0 65.6 41.0 8.4 18.5 0.88

12 09.11.2018 0 66.9 45.3 7.5 15.7 0.70

13 13.11.2018 0 65.9 38.4 8.1 19.0 0.71

14 16.11.2018 0 65.3 47.4 8.7 22.3 0.70

15 20.11.2018 0 62.7 39.3 5.9 16.6 0.71

16 23.11.2018 0 63.3 41.8 6.0 18.2 0.52

17 27.11.2018 0 62.1 32.6 5.9 16.6 0.72

18 30.11.2018 0 68.1 47.0 6.1 17.2 0.89

19 03.12.2018 0 71.5 49.4 6.1 18.5 0.72

20 03.12.2018 0 71.4 46.8 6.2 17.4 0.73

21 10.12.2018 0 71.1 51.1 7.5 18.1 0.72

22 13.12.2018 0 69.6 51.4 6.1 18.4 0.54

23 17.12.2018 0 67.3 46.4 7.7 17.3 0.54

24 20.12.2018 0 64.7 41.7 7.8 20.1 0.55

25 25.12.2018 0 66.4 43.7 7.9 18.6 0.54

26 28.12.2018 0 62.6 48.3 5.7 17.3 0.54

Minimum 60.07 31.77 5.72 14.70 0.52

Maximum 71.73 51.41 9.05 22.32 0.89

Average 65.92 43.23 7.27 17.95 0.63



112


A5) “Ghirudia Village”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 02.10.2018 0 57.2 37.1 8.0 18.8 0.61

2 05.10.2018 0 57.2 38.2 8.4 18.4 0.61

3 09.10.2018 0 63.8 35.2 6.0 18.1 0.62

4 12.10.2018 0 64.4 50.1 6.0 18.1 0.83

5 16.10.2018 0 58.6 44.8 7.7 17.4 0.61

6 19.10.2018 0 59.1 40.1 7.6 17.2 0.83

7 23.10.2018 0 60.2 35.5 6.1 17.3 0.62

8 26.10.2018 0 63.1 35.7 6.1 15.9 0.82

9 30.10.2018 0 62.8 49.5 5.3 18.2 0.83

10 02.11.2018 0 62.2 36.0 6.1 14.8 0.83

11 06.11.2018 0 63.7 44.1 7.6 17.2 0.82

12 09.11.2018 0 61.6 40.1 6.1 15.9 0.62

13 13.11.2018 0 64.1 44.4 7.7 19.8 0.83

14 16.11.2018 0 60.8 46.3 7.7 19.9 1.04

15 20.11.2018 0 54.5 42.6 5.9 16.6 0.84

16 23.11.2018 0 59.5 46.3 6.0 18.1 1.06

17 27.11.2018 0 60.7 37.9 6.0 17.0 0.85

18 30.11.2018 0 67.6 51.4 5.3 17.2 0.84

19 04.12.2018 0 69.7 53.2 5.4 17.4 0.84

20 07.12.2018 0 61.4 47.4 5.0 16.1 0.85

21 11.12.2018 0 61.4 45.7 6.0 17.0 0.63

22 14.12.2018 0 61.1 44.4 5.4 17.3 0.83

23 18.12.2018 0 63.0 49.3 5.9 16.8 1.04

24 21.12.2018 0 58.8 41.9 5.7 17.3 0.85

25 25.12.2018 0 62.2 47.7 7.3 18.7 0.85

26 28.12.2018 0 57.8 35.9 5.0 16.1 1.06

Minimum 54.52 35.18 5.00 14.82 0.61

Maximum 69.66 53.23 8.36 19.92 1.06

Average 61.40 43.10 6.35 17.40 0.81



113


A6) “Deoghar Village ” S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 02.10.2018 0 63.7 32.7 8.7 20.5 0.46

2 05.10.2018 0 63.5 33.0 9.0 19.4 0.58

3 09.10.2018 0 65.5 29.5 7.9 20.2 0.46

4 12.10.2018 0 64.5 33.8 7.8 18.3 0.69

5 16.10.2018 0 62.9 38.6 9.0 19.3 0.58

6 19.10.2018 0 66.9 34.9 8.2 17.9 0.70

7 23.10.2018 0 67.5 31.3 8.5 18.7 0.57

8 26.10.2018 0 64.7 31.1 8.3 18.2 0.46

9 30.10.2018 0 60.5 29.5 7.9 20.2 0.23

10 02.11.2018 0 65.2 30.8 8.2 16.9 0.34

11 06.11.2018 0 64.5 38.9 8.3 19.4 0.69

12 09.11.2018 0 63.9 33.6 7.9 16.1 0.46

13 13.11.2018 0 66.2 37.9 8.3 21.3 0.57

14 16.11.2018 0 61.2 36.8 7.9 21.3 0.70

15 20.11.2018 0 69.8 42.5 9.1 20.0 0.59

16 23.11.2018 0 65.1 37.6 8.2 19.3 0.48

17 27.11.2018 0 65.0 41.4 6.7 18.1 0.47

18 30.11.2018 0 59.8 39.5 6.5 17.4 0.58

19 04.12.2018 0 60.6 36.4 8.3 19.4 0.70

20 07.12.2018 0 64.5 38.1 8.2 18.1 0.71

21 11.12.2018 0 63.0 36.1 6.7 19.3 0.60

22 14.12.2018 0 60.5 32.1 8.2 19.2 0.59

23 18.12.2018 0 59.6 42.5 8.0 17.5 0.47

24 21.12.2018 0 63.8 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.47

25 25.12.2018 0 63.5 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.58

26 28.12.2018 0 58.8 37.7 6.8 19.6 0.48

Minimum 58.78 29.46 6.49 16.13 0.23

Maximum 69.84 42.55 9.08 21.31 0.71

Average 63.64 35.93 8.03 19.14 0.54



114


A7) “Paharidih Village”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 03.10.2018 0 70.2 36.1 9.6 22.6 0.96

2 06.10.2018 0 70.0 36.4 10.0 21.4 0.80

3 10.10.2018 0 72.2 32.5 8.7 22.2 0.97

4 13.10.2018 0 71.1 37.3 8.6 20.2 0.65

5 17.10.2018 0 69.3 42.5 9.9 21.3 0.79

6 20.10.2018 0 73.7 38.5 9.0 19.8 0.65

7 24.10.2018 0 74.4 34.6 9.4 20.6 0.96

8 27.10.2018 0 71.4 34.3 9.1 20.1 0.80

9 31.10.2018 0 66.8 32.5 8.7 22.2 0.95

10 03.11.2018 0 71.9 34.0 9.1 18.6 0.81

11 07.11.2018 0 71.2 42.8 9.1 21.4 0.65

12 10.11.2018 0 70.4 37.1 8.7 17.8 0.32

13 14.11.2018 0 73.0 41.8 9.1 23.5 0.49

14 17.11.2018 0 67.5 40.6 8.7 23.5 0.97

15 21.11.2018 0 77.0 46.9 10.0 22.0 0.66

16 24.11.2018 0 71.8 41.4 9.1 21.3 0.83

17 28.11.2018 0 71.7 45.7 7.4 19.9 0.99

18 01.12.2018 0 65.9 43.5 7.2 19.2 0.83

19 05.12.2018 0 66.8 40.2 9.1 21.4 0.67

20 08.12.2018 0 71.2 42.0 9.1 19.9 0.67

21 12.12.2018 0 69.4 39.9 7.4 21.3 0.83

22 15.12.2018 0 66.7 35.4 9.0 21.1 0.99

23 19.12.2018 0 65.7 46.9 8.8 19.3 0.98

24 22.12.2018 0 70.4 43.0 9.1 23.3 0.84

25 26.12.2018 0 70.1 43.0 9.1 23.3 0.83

26 29.12.2018 0 64.8 41.6 7.5 21.6 0.91

Minimum 64.80 32.49 7.15 17.78 0.32

Maximum 77.00 46.91 10.01 23.49 0.99

Average 70.17 39.63 8.86 21.10 0.8



115


A8) “Pachiyari Kothiya Village”

S.No. Date Sample

ID

PM 10

(µg/m³)

PM 2.5

(µg/m³)

SO2

(µg/m³)

NO2

(µg/m³)

CO

(mg/m³)

1 03.10.2018 0 66.8 34.4 9.1 21.5 0.39

2 06.10.2018 0 66.7 34.7 9.5 20.4 0.96

3 10.10.2018 0 68.8 30.9 8.3 21.2 0.96

4 13.10.2018 0 67.7 35.5 8.2 19.2 0.79

5 17.10.2018 0 66.0 40.5 9.4 20.3 0.80

6 20.10.2018 0 70.2 36.7 8.6 18.8 0.64

7 24.10.2018 0 70.9 32.9 8.9 19.6 0.64

8 27.10.2018 0 68.0 32.6 8.7 19.1 0.65

9 31.10.2018 0 63.6 30.9 8.3 21.2 0.65

10 03.11.2018 0 68.5 32.4 8.6 17.7 0.96

11 07.11.2018 0 67.8 40.8 8.7 20.4 0.96

12 10.11.2018 0 67.1 35.3 8.3 16.9 0.79

13 14.11.2018 0 69.6 39.8 8.7 22.3 0.80

14 17.11.2018 0 64.3 38.7 8.3 22.4 0.81

15 21.11.2018 0 73.3 44.7 9.5 21.0 0.96

16 24.11.2018 0 68.3 39.5 8.6 20.3 0.64

17 28.11.2018 0 68.2 43.5 7.1 19.0 0.65

18 01.12.2018 0 62.8 41.5 6.8 18.3 0.49

19 05.12.2018 0 63.6 38.3 8.7 20.4 0.83

20 08.12.2018 0 67.8 40.0 8.6 19.0 0.83

21 12.12.2018 0 66.1 38.0 7.1 20.3 0.50

22 15.12.2018 0 63.5 33.7 8.6 20.1 0.49

23 19.12.2018 0 62.5 44.7 8.4 18.4 0.67

24 22.12.2018 0 67.0 41.0 8.6 22.2 0.84

25 26.12.2018 0 66.7 41.0 8.6 22.2 0.83

26 29.12.2018 0 61.7 39.6 7.2 20.6 0.66

Minimum 61.72 30.94 6.81 16.93 0.39

Maximum 73.33 44.67 9.53 22.38 0.96

Average 66.82 37.75 8.43 20.10 0.73



116

Source: M/S Wolkem India Limited.

The observed range of various parameters recorded, have been compared with the

National Ambient Quality Standards laid down by the Central Pollution Control Board.

TABLE 3.16 COMPARISON OF AIR MONITORING RESULTS

S. No Result A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

National

Ambient

Air Quality

Standards

PM10

100(µg/m3)

1 Minimum 48.62 57.81 59.71 60.07 54.52 58.78 64.80 61.72

2 Maximum 70.80 66.70 69.14 71.73 69.66 69.84 77.00 73.33

3 Average 59.28 61.98 64.40 65.92 61.40 63.64 70.17 66.82

4 98 Percentile 69.52 65.84 69.10 71.62 68.62 68.67 75.71 72.10

PM2.5

1 Minimum 27.13 31.13 30.36 31.77 35.18 29.46 32.49 30.94

60(µg/m3) 2 Maximum 42.71 44.20 51.01 51.41 53.23 42.55 46.91 44.67

3 Average 34.77 36.63 39.22 43.23 43.10 35.93 39.63 37.75

4 98 Percentile 41.39 42.06 50.57 51.25 52.32 42.54 46.90 44.67

SO2

1 Minimum 7.08 5.82 5.77 5.72 5.00 6.49 7.15 6.81

80(µg/m3) 2 Maximum 11.00 8.29 9.91 9.05 8.36 9.08 10.01 9.53

3 Average 8.62 7.15 7.44 7.27 6.35 8.03 8.86 8.43

4 98 Percentile 10.96 8.20 9.85 8.88 8.19 9.06 9.99 9.52

NO2

1 Minimum 21.07 18.33 14.14 14.70 14.82 16.13 17.78 16.93

80(µg/m3) 2 Maximum 31.52 26.04 21.29 22.32 19.92 21.31 23.49 22.38

3 Average 26.37 22.22 18.05 17.95 17.40 19.14 21.10 20.10

4 98 Percentile 31.11 25.51 21.20 21.22 19.84 21.29 23.47 22.35

CO

1 Minimum 0.33 0.33 0.61 0.52 0.61 0.23 0.32 0.39

4(mg/m3) 2 Maximum 1.01 1.01 1.05 0.89 1.06 0.71 0.99 0.96

3 Average 0.77 0.801 0.73 0.63 0.81 0.54 0.8 0.73

4 98 Percentile 1.00 1.00 1.04 0.89 1.06 0.71 0.99 0.96

*NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 24-hr concentration in µg/m3 &

CO monitors value 1-hr concentration in mg/m3.



117

3.4.7 Interpretation of Ambient Air quality.

PM10 level in the study area:

PM10 value recorded during the study period ranges between 48.62 µg/m3 to 77.00

µg/m3.

PM2.5 level in the study area:

PM2.5 value recorded during the study period ranges between 27.13 µg/m3 to

51.41µg/m3.

SO2 level in the study area:-

SO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 7.08µg/m3 to 11.00µg/m3.

NO2 level in the study area:-

NO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 16.13 µg/m3 to 31.52

µg/m3.

CO level in the study area: CO value recorded during the study period ranges

between 0.23 mg/m3 to 1.01 mg/m3.

Conclusion

From the baseline monitoring result, it is observed that the monitored parameters

(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,) are within the permissible limits as per NAAQS, 2009 during

the study period.



118

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise pollution can be defined as an unpleasant and unwanted sound, causes annoyance,

distracts from work, and disturbs sleep, thus deteriorating quality of human environment.

The noise level monitoring in the study area was done at the ambient air environment

monitoring locations. Monitoring was done as per the CPCB guideline. The noise monitoring

results were compared with the Ambient Noise Quality Standard notified under

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00

am to 10.00 pm and night noise levels during 10.00 pm to 6.00 am, at all the 8 locations

covered in 10 km radius of the study area.

3.5.1 Monitoring Methodology of Noise Level

Noise standards have been designated for different types of land use, i.e. residential,

commercial, industrial and silence zones, as per ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and

Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi on

February 14, 2000’. Different standards have been stipulated during day time (6 am to 10

pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am). The noise analysis within the study area was recorded

using Lutron sound level meter.

Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of loudness

upon frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has

been achieved by the use of A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument which

gives a direct reading of approximate loudness. A-weighted equivalent continuous sound

pressure level (Leq) values have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound

pressure level measured with the help of noise meter.

Source of Noise-The noise pollution will be generated due to operational activity like D.G.

set, machinery, moving & transportation of vehicles etc.



119

Parameters Measured During Monitoring-

L Day- Average noise levels between 6 am to 10 pm.

L Night -Average noise levels between 10 pm to 6 am.

3.5.2 Location of noise monitoring stations

The location of Noise level monitoring is presented in below table.

TABLE 3.17: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS

Sr.

No. Area Description Station Code

1. Project site NQ 1

2. 500 D/W direction at

Gharmara Village

NQ 2

3. Deopur Village NQ 3

4. Bhanra Village NQ 4

5. Ghirudia Village NQ 5

6. Deoghar Village NQ 6

7. Paharidih Village NQ 7

8. Pachiyari Kothiya Village NQ8



120

3.5.3 Noise Level Results

The noise monitoring within the study area was recorded using sound level meter and

results are given in the table below:

TABLE 3.18: NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (Unit – dBA)

S.

Code

Name of the

location

Noise levels dB(A)

Area Category Leq day

(6.0 AM TO 10.0

PM)

Leq night

(10.0 PM TO

6.0AM)

NQ1 Project site Industrial Area 51.3

37.6

NQ2 500 D/W direction

at Gharmara Village

Residential Area 50.2

37.8

NQ3 Deopur Village Residential Area 53.5

39.2

NQ4 Bhanra Village Residential Area 51.5

37.7

NQ5 Ghirudia Village Residential Area 51.1

35.3

NQ6 Deoghar Village Residential Area 54.5

39.1

NQ7 Paharidih Village Residential Area 47.7

35.7

NQ8 Pachiyari Kothiya

Village

Residential Area 52.4

37.6



121

TABLE 3.19: CPCB NOISE STANDARD

Category of Zones Leq in dB (A)

Day Night

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

a. Day time is from 6.00 Am to 10.00PM.

b. Night time is reckoned between 10.00 PM to 6.00AM

c. Silence zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of hospitals,

educational institution and courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of

crackers is banned in these zones.

Note: Mixed categories of areas are declared as one of the four above mentioned

categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall

apply.

Conclusion-

During the study period ambient noise level were monitored and observed maximum level

was: 54.5 dB (A) recorded during day time at Deoghar Village & minimum was 35.3dB (A)

recorded during night time in Ghirudia Villages.



122

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological

status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the

probable impacts on the biological environment.

Objective of study:-The basic objective of the study is to assess the ecological impacts of the

proposed project and formulate suitable environmental management plan for

minimizing or avoiding the negative impacts that are likely to occur due to the

construction and operation of the project in the area.

SCOPE OF STUDY

Flora

• Characterization of forest types as per Champion and Seth (1968).

• Quantitative assessment of plant diversity.

• Documentation of Tree, Shrubs, Herbs.

• Existence of National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, etc. in the study should be

detailed.

• Listing of economically important plants including medicinal, timber, fuel etc.

• Details of endemic species found in the study area.

• Documentation of flora under RET categories.

• Cropping pattern and agricultural practices in the study area.

Fauna

• Documentation of animals, avian, frogs, fish, snakes and other wildlife in the study

area.

• Documentation of fauna under RET categories.

Survey Methodology: - Before embarking on to baseline ecological status of study area, a

brief sketch of methodology adopted for baseline data collection is essential. The study was

conducted by field area experts with the help of secondary sources like forest department,

text books, internet sources and consultation with local people. The following methodology

was adopted for study of flora and fauna.



123

TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY

Floral assessment

The present study on the floral assessment for the proposed project activity is based on

extensive field survey of the area. The study was conducted in post monsoon season the

plant species were identified with the help of taxonomists of related fields and nearby

Institutions. Besides the collection of plant species, information was also collected with

vernacular names of plant species made by local inhabitants. In this process the whole study

area was divided into different sections to get the maximum diversity of plant species. The

sampling sites were selected based on land use pattern, topography and floristic

composition of the study area. The other relevant data on bio-diversity, like economically

important plant species and medicinal plant, rare and endangered species in the study area

was collected from secondary sources like forest and wild life departments.

Equipment/Material used: -

Digital camera, GPS, Brunton Compass, Magnifying Glass, Hammer, Sample bag, Binocular,

Rope, ballpoint pen, field notebook, etc.

Faunal Assessment: - The study of fauna takes substantial amount of time to understand

the specific faunal characteristics of the area. The assessment of fauna was done by

extensive field survey of the area. During survey, Line Transect method was used for the

study of mammals and Transact & Patch sampling was used for Amphibians, visual

encountered methods was used for reptiles, Aerial net was used for butterflies. The presence

of wildlife was also confirmed from animal call, foot marks, excreta and from the local

inhabitants depending on the animal sightings and the frequency of their visits in the project

area which was later confirmed from different government offices like forest department,

wildlife department etc.

Avifaunal Assessment: - Observations of birds were made during a walk through in the

chosen transect for sighting birds. The number of birds observed in each sampling location

was listed. Birds were noted, and identified with the help of 8X40 “Optima Zenith” binocular

and standard field identification guides.



124

FOREST AND FOREST TYPE OF STUDY AREA

The forest of study area falls under tropical dry deciduous forest Sal & Teak are two major

tree species of these forest type. Other species area Mahua, Tendu, Bamboo Etc.

TABLE 3.20: TYPE OF RESERVE FOREST AND PROTECTED FOREST WITHIN

STUDY AREA

S.No. Name Distance

(Km) Direction

1 Tirkut Protected forest 14.3 ESE

2 Manikpur Open Mixed Jungle 7.3 NNW

3 Mixed Open Jungle 9.7 N

4 Lopariya Open Mixed Jungle 10.8 NW

5 Jethutanr Dense Mixed Jungle 9.8 W

6 Open Jungle 8.8 E

7 Open Jungle 11.3 ENE

8 Barwa Protected forest 12.7 SSW

FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THE STUDY AREA

Study was conducted in and around 10 km radius from the proposed site.

TABLE 3.21: CHECKLIST OF VEGETATION IN STUDY AREA

S.No COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY

1 Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae

2 Harsingar Nyctanthis arbor-tristis Oleaceae

3 Harra Terminalia chebula Combretaceae

4 Jamun Syzigium cumini Myrataceae

5 Kachnar Bahunia variegata Fabaceae

6 Kalasiris Albizzia lebbeck Fabaceae

7 Karam Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae

8 Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae

9 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae

11 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

13 Palash Butea monosperma Fabaceae

14 Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae

15 Sagwan Tectona grandis Lamiaceae



125

16 Salai Boswellia serrata Bureraceae

17 Semal Salmalia malabarica Malvaceae

18 Munga Moringa oleifera Moringaceae

19 Amaltas Casia fistula Fabaceae

20 Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae

21 Babul Acacia arabica fabaceae

22 Bael Aegle marmelos Rutaceae

23 Bahera Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae

24 Barhar Artocarpus lokoocha Moraceae

25 Bhelwa Semecarpus anacardium Anacadiaceae

26 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae

SHRUBS & HERBS

27 Mamuri Antidesma acidum Phyllanthaceae

28 Poksunga Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae

29 Samarkand Clerodendrum serratum Lamiaceae

30 Salia banso Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae

31 Baincha Flacourtia indica Salicaceae

32 Suna regada Grewia hirsute Malvaceae

33 Kurchi Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae

34 Naga-airi Lantana camara Verbenaceae

GRASSES

35 Chana ghas Imperata cylindrica Poaceae

36 Bichhauti Laportea interrupta Urticaceae

37 Phul jhadu Thysanolaena maxima Poaceae

Source: (i) Primary Survey (ii) Discussion with forest officials and local villagers,



126

Status of National park and Wild life sanctuaries:

There is no existence of any National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve, Wildlife corridor,

Tiger / Elephant reserve in the 10 km periphery of the proposed project site.

Status of endangered, endemic and threatened flora:

No endangered, endemic and threatened flora was observed within study area.

Medicinal plant species:

India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity. Medicinal plants

are not only a major resource base for the traditional medicine & herbal industry but also

provide livelihood and health security to a large segment of Indian population. About 1178

species of medicinal plants are estimated to be in trade of which 242 species have annual

consumption levels in excess of 100 metric tons/year. The herbal plants are very popular

because they have fewer side effects, and better patient compliance. The protection and

conservation of medicinal plant diversity against over exploitation by domestic and foreign

commercial interest without benefits accruing to the nation are clearly our priorities.

Plants observed within study area having medicinal properties are tabulated in given Table

TABLE 3.22: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA

S.N. Botanical name Common name Uses 1. Aegle marmelos Bel Used as food and medicine for

stomach trouble. 2. Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal A root decoction is used to alleviate

fever, treat diarrhoea, skin diseases and asthma.

3. Azadirachta indica Neem Used as medicine for skin disease, blood purification.

4. Bauhinia racemosa kachnar Reduce the swellings &Obesity. 5. Bombax ceiba Semal Roots use in Cold and cough, Apply

paste of its bark on wound, reduce diabetes.

6. Cassia fistula Amaltas skin diseases, burning sensations, boils, leprosy, Stomach disorders,

7. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leaf juice for eye ailments, The wood and bark for blood diseases, burning sensations, dysentery, dyspepsia, leucoderma, stomach problems, and skin ailments.

8. Emblica officinalis Amla pickle, oil, medicine, hair oil and shampoo



127

Crops & Cropping pattern

The main economic activity in the area is agriculture. Paddy, wheat and maize are the main

crops in the district. The agro climatic condition of the district is suitable for cultivation of a

variety of fruits like mango, guava, jackfruit and vegetables like cauliflower, tomato, brinjal

etc. However, in the absence of assured irrigation facility, agriculture is primarily rain-fed

and as a result, mainly mono-cropping and subsistence farming is practiced.

FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN STUDY AREA:-

Study was conducted in and around 10 km radius from the proposed site. The faunal groups

were recorded mostly on the basis of secondary information like discussion with forest

officials and local villagers No Schedule –I fauna has been reported in study area.

9. Syzygium cumini Jamun used as food, to make juice as medicine for stomach trouble.

10. Ficus benghalensis Bargad Leaves are used for wound & swellings.

11. Madhuca latifoli Mahua Bark are used for bronchitis, cough. Bark can mix with ghee & use for diabetes, leaves is used for Eczema.

12. Shorea robusta Sal Leaves & barks are curing skin, stomach, ear and hair ailments.

13. Tectona grandis Sagwan/Teak timber 14. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Use for heart disease and related

chest pain, heart failure, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

15. Terminalia chebula Harra Used in cold and cough & digestion problem.

16. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Reduce swelling and pain. Tulsi cures in many skin disorders. It is efficient in skin rashes, insect bites and itching. Trampled leaves of Tulsi are extremely efficient in fever, cough, bronchitis and other medicinal problem of lungs.

https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/default.htm

https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/default.htm



128

TABLE 3.23: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name

IUCN Status Schedule as per WPA, 1972

Mammals 1 Sus scrofa Wild boar 2 Canis aureus Jackal Least

Concern II

3 Funambulus palmarum* Squirrel Least Concern

-

4 Herpestes edwardsii* Mongoose Least Concern

II

5 Lutrogale perspicillata Otter Vulnerable II 6 Lepus nigricollis* Hare Least

Concern IV

7 Macaca mulatta* Rhesus monkey

Least Concern

II

8 Viverricula indica Civet Least Concern

II

REPTILES 9 Naja naja Cobra Least

Concern II

10 Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake - II 11 Vipera russelli Viper - II 12 Chameleon zeylanicus Chameleon Least

Concern II

13 Hemidactylus frenatus House lizard Least Concern

BIRDS 15 Acridotheres tristis* Common

myna Least Concern

IV

16 Milvus migrans Kite Least Concern

-

17 Passerdomesticus* Sparrow Least Concern

-

18 Corvus splendens* Crow Least Concern

V

19 Columba livia* Pigeon Least Concern

-

20 Ardeola grayii Pond heron Least Concern

IV

21 Gallus gallus Jungle fowl Least Concern

IV

22 Anastromis oseitens* Grey crane Least Concern

IV

23 Oriolus xantornus Black hooded oriole

Least Concern

IV



129

24 Athene brama Owl Least Concern

IV

25 Psittacula krameri Parakeet Least Concern

IV

26 Nycticoraxnycticorax Night heron Least Concern

IV

27 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Least Concern

IV

28 Streptopellchinopensis Dove IV FISHES

29 Catla catla Carp Least Concern

-

30 Labeo rohita Rohu Least Concern

-

31 Clarias batrachus Cat fish Least Concern

-

32 Cirrhina mrigal Mrigal Least Concern

-

Source: (i) Primary Survey (ii) Discussion with forest officials and local villagers,

Status of REET Species:- No rare, Endangered, Endemic Threatened species have been

observed during study.

Source: Survey team in consultation with concern state forest officials, secondary sources

and consultation with local people.

3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE STUDY AREA

The study of socio-economic component of environment incorporates various facets, viz.

demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education, health and

medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation, communication and power supply,

prevailing diseases in the region as well as features such as places of tourist attraction and

monuments of archaeological importance. The study of these parameters helps in identifying

predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to project activity in the surrounding

region.

The project is for Proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Project for

Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot no 723, 723/752, 701,702, 720

Rakba:-23.56 Acre, Thana Number – 242, Khata No.-58, Distt- Deoghar Jharkhand. On the

basis of available census data, 2011 different aspects of socio economic condition of total 92

villages in the study area have been analysed and surveyed.



130

Methodology used for the Field survey

In order to access and evaluate likely impacts arising out of any development projects on

socio economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in the

study areas.

Methodology applied for selection of sample & data collection

The methodology which is applied for primary source of data collection i.e. gathering data

through field survey for socio-economic environment is depicted below:

A. Sampling Method

A judgmental and purposive sampling method was used for choosing respondents of various

sections of the society i.e. Sarpanch, adult males and females, teachers, medical practitioners,

businessmen, agriculture laborers, unemployed group etc. Judgmental and purposive

sampling method includes the right cases from the total population that helps to fulfill the

purpose of research needs.

B. Data Collection Method

For the process of data collection through primary source farming methods are used:

Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile – 2011

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, social strata

such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure

facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure of

workers. The information on socio-economic aspects of the study area has been collected

from secondary sources, which mainly include District Primary Census 2011 Deoghar

district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar.

1. Data Collection and Quality Assurance

The latest available data have been complied to generate the existing socio-economic

scenario of the study area. Information on socio-economic profile was collected from the

Primary Census Abstract CD 2011, including the population details of the region and Village

Directory CD 2011, having the details of basic amenities available in the region. In the 10 km

radius study area constitute 92 villages from Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district,

Bihar.



131

Census 2011 data of SOCIO – ECONOMIC REPORT ON MSW PROJECT FOR DEOGHAR NAGAR NIGAM, PACHIYARI KOTHIYA

VILLAGE, Table 00 - 10 KM

DISTRICT-DEOGHAR, JHARKHAND.

Population Population 0-6 SC Population ST Population Literates Workers

Sl.

N.

Vil

lag

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am

e

No

of

Ho

use

ho

lds

To

tal

Po

pu

lati

on

Ma

le

Fe

ma

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To

tal

Po

pu

lati

on

06

Ma

le 0

6

Fe

ma

le0

6

SC

Po

pu

lati

on

SC

Ma

le

SC

Fe

ma

le

ST

Po

pu

lati

on

ST

Ma

le

ST

Fe

ma

le

P_L

IT

M_L

IT

F_L

IT

P_I

LL

To

tal

wo

rke

r

Ma

in W

ork

er

Ma

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al

wo

rke

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No

n W

ork

er

CD BLOCK Deoghar

1 Tulsitanr 50 232 125 107 40 20 20 0 0 0 97 58 39 90 63 27 142 73 57 16 159

2 Badladih 69 355 185 170 58 33 25 0 0 0 344 180 164 175 109 66 180 165 77 88 190

3 Roydi 211 100

7 520 487 194 100 94 471 230 241 0 0 0 396 253 143 611 287 144 143 720

4 Gobindpur 120 497 261 236 82 33 49 325 172 153 9 5 4 283 191 92 214 185 145 40 312

5 Bichkora 57 345 184 161 47 26 21 0 0 0 329 177 152 119 85 34 226 163 163 0 182

6 Sagdaha 181 102

6 554 472 138 68 70 431 243 188 0 0 0 723 451 272 303 271 252 19 755

7 Gangti 309 209

6

109

4

100

2 495 246 249 0 0 0 0 0 0

107

6 699 377

102

0 632 426 206

146

4

8 Kiradih 93 511 256 255 113 51 62 330 163 167 0 0 0 208 134 74 303 130 22 108 381

9 Kharhara 112 706 377 329 98 50 48 256 142 114 0 0 0 436 271 165 270 171 120 51 535



132

10 Ghaghi 140 955 498 457 217 103 114 0 0 0 0 0 0 478 311 167 477 299 151 148 656

11 Gidha

Patharh 123 654 348 306 127 67 60 67 36 31 175 95 80 380 251 129 274 320 164 156 334

12 Kusmaha 246 147

3 825 648 224 136 88 135 74 61 0 0 0

105

7 632 425 416 509 482 27 964

13 Daradmar

a 100 524 268 256 112 59 53 442 219 223 2 2 0 248 152 96 276 265 231 34 259

14 Godi

Jamuya 148 779 395 384 177 91 86 420 222 198 0 0 0 336 205 131 443 381 74 307 398

15 Sarsa 273 153

9 830 709 268 146 122 463 243 220 0 0 0 992 603 389 547 472 459 13

106

7

16 Debpur 131 663 358 305 101 56 45 148 76 72 0 0 0 445 265 180 218 226 96 130 437

17 Basmandi

h 78 410 222 188 68 32 36 4 2 2 0 0 0 249 177 72 161 200 67 133 210

18 Sankari 331 175

0 881 869 347 176 171 908 454 454 0 0 0 908 546 362 842 901 192 709 849

19 Naiadih 54 300 150 150 61 32 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 148 87 61 152 96 17 79 204

20 Bisunpur 61 375 195 180 77 44 33 102 50 52 66 38 28 140 97 43 235 196 14 182 179

21 Lakra 17 98 56 42 14 6 8 0 0 0 98 56 42 53 41 12 45 48 1 47 50

22 Siatanr 60 361 184 177 77 40 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 83 54 224 208 99 109 153

23 Purwari 159 923 462 461 145 61 84 0 0 0 114 55 59 517 316 201 406 287 232 55 636



133

Kothia

24 Pachhiari

Kothia 194

123

2 652 580 213 104 109 139 74 65 136 70 66 734 469 265 498 483 133 350 749

25 Garibkhil 29 148 78 70 29 16 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 47 30 71 50 24 26 98

26 Gidhni 653 336

9

178

2

158

7 606 305 301

103

7 557 480 13 5 8

183

3

113

7 696

153

6

110

4 978 126

226

5

27 Pachrukhi 39 186 101 85 25 13 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 72 44 70 60 35 25 126

28 Kumaitha 58 376 182 194 85 43 42 58 28 30 0 0 0 221 121 100 155 89 86 3 287

29 Chamaridi

h 44 229 128 101 44 25 19 8 4 4 0 0 0 145 82 63 84 70 44 26 159

30 Kanpur 89 469 238 231 87 45 42 468 237 231 1 1 0 259 159 100 210 159 131 28 310

CD BLOCK Mohanpur

31 Dhawagha

t 112 648 333 315 122 60 62 0 0 0 152 73 79 316 196 120 332 296 194 102 352

32 Bara 220 116

9 599 570 261 134 127 173 83 90 0 0 0 452 306 146 717 411 162 249 758

33 Jamua 50 285 148 137 69 29 40 175 91 84 0 0 0 137 95 42 148 128 83 45 157

34 Bisuwani 137 768 385 383 156 71 85 86 43 43 0 0 0 157 115 42 611 406 225 181 362

35 Nawadih 78 504 260 244 81 41 40 20 11 9 0 0 0 236 158 78 268 134 133 1 370

36 Khobha 68 432 251 181 77 49 28 179 100 79 0 0 0 224 154 70 208 188 114 74 244

37 Biyahi 48 255 130 125 43 14 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 77 34 144 82 58 24 173



134

38 Saraia 33 119 60 59 16 7 9 12 6 6 6 3 3 99 52 47 20 34 34 0 85

39 Hirna 53 269 146 123 60 32 28 46 26 20 0 0 0 149 101 48 120 65 54 11 204

40 Tardiha 59 301 145 156 68 29 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 86 59 27 215 131 49 82 170

41 Salaiya 67 389 202 187 88 42 46 0 0 0 317 162 155 128 84 44 261 202 202 0 187

42 Nokhil 43 227 124 103 40 26 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 43 20 164 108 40 68 119

43 Mahadew

a 69 309 174 135 32 15 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 206 133 73 103 157 17 140 152

44 Jiyapani 50 247 132 115 47 25 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 71 42 134 59 34 25 188

45 Ratanpur 130 579 303 276 115 57 58 191 99 92 4 2 2 252 167 85 327 146 132 14 433

46 Udaypur 22 105 57 48 13 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 39 22 44 33 14 19 72

47 Letwa 47 213 110 103 25 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 81 64 68 52 38 14 161

48 Sonwan 72 315 153 162 82 40 42 0 0 0 283 137 146 138 81 57 177 73 34 39 242

49 Kairbank 64 321 171 150 40 19 21 70 37 33 0 0 0 164 96 68 157 135 134 1 186

50 Harilajori 44 201 102 99 15 9 6 1 1 0 19 10 9 141 74 67 60 70 70 0 131

51 Rudarpur 102 540 277 263 95 42 53 151 76 75 0 0 0 194 128 66 346 252 179 73 288

52 Chirudih 51 316 169 147 64 34 30 304 162 142 0 0 0 167 104 63 149 102 88 14 214

53 Malhara 534 301

1

157

8

143

3 527 279 248 664 350 314 0 0 0

147

6 954 522

153

5

130

4 992 312

170

7

54 Mahat

Baindih 152 916 479 437 176 92 84 0 0 0 39 21 18 432 283 149 484 317 241 76 599

55 Chauphal 95 531 286 245 91 52 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 186 92 253 242 147 95 289



135

56 Dumartha

r 133 730 404 326 101 54 47 410 226 184 1 0 1 445 293 152 285 186 147 39 544

57 Amgachhi 197 108

1 585 496 199 113 86 399 212 187 0 0 0 620 385 235 461 389 384 5 692

58 Birhabara

n 31 171 92 79 38 16 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 49 27 95 56 54 2 115

59 Baliyadah 32 186 95 91 37 18 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 61 22 103 48 48 0 138

60 Ranga 29 145 76 69 32 19 13 11 7 4 61 30 31 56 33 23 89 56 53 3 89

61 Mejurnach 137 726 372 354 108 51 57 4 2 2 263 140 123 308 201 107 418 357 154 203 369

62 Ghormara 397 188

0 971 909 288 141 147 401 199 202 0 0 0

139

5 774 621 485 696 283 413

118

4

STATE BIHAR DISTRICT BANKA CD BLOCK CHANAN

63 Gopdih 197 944 501 443 157 71 86 598 318 280 2 2 0 486 324 162 458 245 170 75 699

64 Tola Lauri 70 403 230 173 62 45 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 169 121 48 234 198 60 138 205

65 Tola

Bhelgaro 85 552 297 255 87 43 44 74 48 26 0 0 0 181 124 57 371 329 190 139 223

66

Tola

Bhartham

tari

69 351 178 173 73 28 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 120 55 176 156 53 103 195

67 Tola

Kadarsa 88 385 195 190 75 33 42 344 166 178 0 0 0 95 74 21 290 221 30 191 164



136

68 Jamuni 84 471 252 219 80 47 33 0 0 0 97 53 44 186 132 54 285 363 147 216 108

69 Birnian 271 146

5 775 690 240 128 112 343 174 169 0 0 0 780 506 274 685 804 380 424 661

70 Bhanra 295 148

8 790 698 252 135 117 31 18 13 0 0 0 734 496 238 754 593 409 184 895

71 Kasoi 116 582 295 287 113 56 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 150 109 323 236 69 167 346

72 Baghmari 87 471 242 229 96 48 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 154 100 217 194 122 72 277

73 Biahi 92 522 287 235 115 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 268 180 88 254 282 256 26 240

74 Bhojpura 9 56 31 25 11 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 26 24 14 10 32

75 Siljori 674 361

9

184

1

177

8 744 363 381

146

3 745 718 241 111 130

159

6 992 604

202

3

177

3

139

8 375

184

6

76 Pahridih 128 625 325 300 132 63 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 197 136 61 428 321 308 13 304

77 Baratanr 119 624 337 287 136 68 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 226 153 73 398 246 77 169 378

78 Manikpur 43 285 150 135 55 26 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 58 27 200 73 73 0 212

79 Jugri 153 773 388 385 202 94 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 234 156 78 539 349 330 19 424

80 Parsia 50 323 165 158 63 34 29 48 24 24 0 0 0 129 83 46 194 118 22 96 205

81 Dubba 228 113

9 584 555 231 105 126 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 285 136 718 367 218 149 772

82 Heth

Chadan 304

148

5 751 734 294 153 141 588 294 294 5 2 3 590 369 221 895 471 321 150

101

4

83 Jhajha 127 774 429 345 142 77 65 0 0 0 48 25 23 377 275 102 397 390 245 145 384



137

84 Korhia 349 197

6

103

6 940 439 235 204 96 51 45 171 95 76 613 413 200

136

3 671 524 147

130

5

85 Lathane 201 999 503 496 212 99 113 194 95 99 0 0 0 436 280 156 563 288 223 65 711

86 Donia 50 252 129 123 59 28 31 0 0 0 33 16 17 55 45 10 197 70 52 18 182

87 Garkar 67 328 180 148 86 48 38 0 0 0 322 177 145 76 47 29 252 80 78 2 248

88 Biharo 128 833 442 391 133 76 57 3 1 2 2 1 1 273 198 75 560 432 117 315 401

89 Ghonghad

abar 111 536 268 268 98 52 46 8 4 4 0 0 0 109 67 42 427 308 145 163 228

90 Lohari 82 378 194 184 67 33 34 190 97 93 0 0 0 159 103 56 219 107 3 104 271

91 Patna 105 531 279 252 92 52 40 0 0 0 44 23 21 195 140 55 336 134 133 1 397

92 Harkhar 180 102

9 557 472 181 107 74 0 0 0 261 144 117 407 284 123 622 259 216 43 770

Total

121

47

656

76

343

89

312

87

123

02

62

71

60

31

134

89

69

92

64

97

37

55

19

69

17

86

316

82

202

27

114

55

339

94

255

17

160

90

94

27

401

59



138

As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 65676 persons. The distribution of

population in the study area is given below.

TABLE 3.24: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-10 Km No. of Households 12147 Male Population 34389 Female Population 31287 Total Population 65676 Male Population(0-6 Years) 6271 Female Population (0-6 Years) 6031 Total Population (0-6 Years) 12302 Average Household Size 5 % Of 0-6 Years to the total Population 18.73% % Of males to the total Population 52.36% % of females to the total Population 47.64% Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 910 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar

Human Settlement

The study area comprises 92 villages with population of about 65676 (Male-34389 & female

– 31287) and number of households are 12147. (According to the Census 2011).

Population

The total number of house hold is 12147 with an average house hold size of 5 people. Hence,

it is interpreted there are joint family systems in the study area. There are 65676 people in

the study area as per the census survey of India, 2011.

Gender Ratio

The data reveals that male and female percentage in this area is 52.36% and 47.64%

respectively. The study areas on an average 910 females are per 1000 males. Accordingly

census record the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological

aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children. The complete

demography of the area is given above in table no.1. Child 0-6 sex ratio is 962 female to

1000 male. In SC category 929 female to 1000 male and in ST category 907 females to 1000

male, details are presented in Figure-1.



139

FIGURE 1: SEX RATIO IN THE STUDY AREA

Ari District Density: - The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that

density of Deoghar district for 2011 is 602 people per sq. km.

Caste Categories:-

As per the classification under our constitution castes are divided into 4 major groups i.e.,

General, SC, ST and OBC as per their social status.

TABLE 3.25: DISTRIBUTION OF POPOLATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-10 km

Total Population 65676

SC Male Population 6992

SC Female Population 6497

Schedule Caste Total Population 13489

% to the total population 20.54%

ST Male Population 1969

ST Female Population 1786

Schedule Tribes Total Population 3755

% to the total population 5.72%

Total SC and ST population 17244

% to total population 26.26%

Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district,

Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar

910

962

929

907 900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1000

Total Female Female -06 Female - SC Female - SC

Series1



140

Social stratification on the basis of caste is very much prevalent in our society from the

date back to the history. The population from general/upper castes is richer than SCs and

STs in terms of land and livestock. Various religion castes consisting of Hindus inhabit the

study area. As per 2011 census, the percentage of Schedule caste population is 20.54 % and

Schedule tribe population is only 5.72%, total population of SC and ST is 26.26% in study

areas which are very low. Details are presented in Figure 2

FIGURE 2: CASTE CATEGORIES IN THE STUDY AREA

Literacy Levels

The study area experiences a considerably average literacy rate of 59.36% (2011). The

distribution of literate and literacy rate of study area is in tabulated below -

TABLE 3.26: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars 0-10 km Male population 34389 Female population 31287 Total population 65676 Male population (0-6years) 6271 Female population (0-6 years) 6031 Total population (0-6 years ) 12302 Male literates 20227 Female literates 11455 Total literates 31682 Male literacy rate (%) 71.94% Female literacy rate (%) 45.36% Total literacy rate (%) 59.36% Total Illiterates 21692 Total Illiteracy rate (%) 40.64% Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar



141

The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males works out to be

71.94%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is

observed to be 45.36 % as per 2011 census records.

From the above given data, it is revealed that illiterate rate is higher in the study area.

40.64% Population is Illiterate in the study area. Literacy rate is given in Table 3.26 and

Figure 3

FIGURE 3 LITERACY RATE IN THE STUDY AREA

Employment Pattern

Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group

i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work may be defined as

participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or

mental in nature. Work not only involves actual work but also effective supervision and

direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise.

There are different types of workers that may be classified as - those persons who had

worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on the other

hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or productive activity

for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year is treated as Marginal Worker.

Non–workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the year preceding the

enumeration.

The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are those involved in

activities such as cultivation, agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations,

59.36%

40.64%

Total literacy rate

Total Illiteracy rate



142

orchards and allied activities, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing, servicing

and repairs in household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport, storage and

communication and other services.

TABLE 3.27: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN

Particulars 0-10 km

Total population 65676 (-12302)

Total population (0-6 years ) 12302

Total workers 25517

Work participation rate (%) 47.81%

Total main workers 16090

% of main workers to total population 30.15%

Marginal workers 9427

% of marginal workers to total population 17.66%

Non-workers 40159 (-12302)

% of non- workers to total population 52.19%

Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar

As per 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 30.15% of the total

population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 16.66% and 52.19% of the

total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the

non-workers are the predominant population.

Main Workers Employment Pattern

Main workers are classified in four categories as cultivators, agricultural workers, household

industry workers and other workers. As per 2011 Census, Out of total 16090 main workers

in the study area, there were total 5573 cultivators (35%), 4200 agricultural workers (26%),

492 household industry workers (3%) and other workers 5825 (36%). Mostly in main

workers population other workers were highly found in study area.



143

FIGURE 4 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Infrastructure Facilities

The infrastructure and amenities available in the area denotes the economic wellbeing of the

region. The study area as a whole possesses poor to moderate level of infrastructure

facilities. However, in comparison with the facilities available in other parts of the districts,

this area has average level of amenities like education, health, drinking water, electrification,

transport and communication network.

A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has been done based on the

information given in District Census of Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar.

Educational Facilities

Educational status is positively correlated to the economic development of a person and the

society as a whole. This is very much reflected in the study area. In order to make the

education profile more informative the Local people have been grouped into eight

educational categories i.e., illiterate, literate, primary, HS, Intermediate, Graduate/PG, others

(includes technical education such as Hotel Management, Polytechnique, ITI etc.) and those

below the age of 5 years.

The general trend in the Buffer zone shows that the younger population is almost 80-90 %

literate, whereas the majority of illiterates are in the 50+ age group. Education in the study

area is average. The facilities are available in every village and is promoted and accepted.

30.15%

17.66%

52.19% Main Worker

Marginal worker

Non Worker



144

The educational facilities are evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 67 primary

schools, 39 Middle Schools, 2 secondary schools, and 1 Sr. Secondary Schools in the study

area. The available educational facilities in the area as per 2011 district census are given

below.

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE STUDY ARES

Govt Pre - Primary School

(Nursery/LKG/UKG)

Govt Primary School

Private Primary School

Govt Middle School

Private Middle School

Govt Secondary

School

Private Secondary

School

Govt Senior Secondary

School

03 64 03 38 01 02 00 01

Health Status: - Health facilities, which include different types of hospitals and dispensaries, are

available in the area. The level of health facilities is found to be below average. Altogether there are

No Community Health Center, only 2 Primary Health Centers, 4 Primary Health Sub Centers, 1

Maternity and Child welfare Center, 2 TB Clinic, 1 Community Health Workers, 1 Dispensary, 1

Mobile Health Clinic, and 2 Family Welfare Centers in the study area. The available health facilities

are given below.

HEALTH FACILITIES

All the medical facilities are available at district headquarter which is 5 km away from the

project site.

Drinking water facilities: - Water is finite but all life is infinite from mankind’s viewpoint.

Hence water has to support and sustain all life – human, animal and plant. Some of villages

are connected with tap water facility and rest of villages has open wells, tube wells and Hand

pumps for source of drinking water.

Community Health Centre

Primary Health Centre

Primary Health

Sub Centre

Maternity and Child

Welfare Centre

TB Clinic

Hospital Allopathic

Dispensary Veterinary Hospital

Mobile Health Clinic

Family Welfare Centre

0 2 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 2



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Tap Water-Treated

Tap Water Untreated

Covered Well

Uncovered Well

Hand Pump

Tube Wells/

Borehole

River/ Canal

Tank/ Pond/ Lake

01 04 02 90 90 09 29 35

Electricity: - There is no source of electricity generation. All the power consumed is

received from Jharkhand State Electricity Board. (J.S.E.B). Almost all the villages are

connected with electricity in the study area.

Rail head: - Deoghar Junction is 3.26 km in South direction from project site.

Airport: - Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project site.

Post: - Post Office is within in nearby villages and few villages have Post office or Sub Post

Office & most of all Villages are connected with mobile phone facilities in the study area.

Post Office Sub Post Office Telephone Public Call Office

Private Courier Facility

02 02 06 02 02

Bus: - Pachiyari Kothiya Village is well connected with Road facility and Pvt. Bus & Jeeps are

available for transportation. There is good network of road and most of the villages are

connected with POVED & MUD Road. The Bus facilities are available in all villages in the

Buffer zone but JSRTC (Jharkhand State Road Transport Corporation) Buses facility is very

poor in the areas.

The Primary data of socio economic status are collected in the study area. During study

period FAE & his team has discussed to the Villagers, School Teachers, Aaganbadi

Employees, Van Sahayak, Gram Sevak, Patwari, Sarpunch and Filled the socio economic

survey formats by randomly in core & buffer zone. The details are given below:

The Primary data of socio economic status are collected in the study area. During study

period FAE & his team has discussed to the Villagers, School Teachers, Aaganbadi

Employees, Van Sahayak, Gram Sevak, Patwari, Sarpunch and Filled the socio economic

survey formats by randomly in core & buffer zone. The details are given below:

Public Bus Service

Private Bus Service

Railway Station

Auto/Modified Autos

Taxi Vans

21 13 20 24 14 19



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TABLE 3.28: LIST OF SAMPLING VILLAGES

Sr. No Name of Villages

1. Pachhiari Kothia

2. Chirudih

3. Ghormara

4. Bhanra

Salient Observation of the Survey/ Study Area

House pattern: It is notable that Almost 47% of houses are made of Kutcha material, 33% of

houses are Pucca (brick) rest are Semi- pucca houses in study area.

Employment: Main occupation of the people in the study area was labour work and

agriculture. And some of Business. The labours were getting daily wage in the range of Rs. 200-

450, depending on type of work involved.

Fuel: Most of the villagers use fire woods and LPG for cooking purpose.

Main Crops: The principal crops grown in agricultural farm were Rice, Maize, and Groundnut.

Migration: During survey it was found that local population were migrating for employment

purpose. As well as others state peoples were came in that area for the labour work also due to

some Coal Industry.

Sanitation: Sanitation facility coverage as found in primary survey may be comparatively

better in the urban areas, but in rural areas. Sanitation programme is going on in study area

under “Swachh Bharat Mission” and people are well aware about sanitation and its

sustainability. Most of households are creating toilets in study area and rest of household’s

work is going on.

Drinking Water Facilities: Ground water is the major source of drinking water in the villages

wherein hand pumps, tap water and dug wells are installed. Almost, 63% of the respondents

expressed that they have common pump and bore-wells. About 34% respondents have

individual taps in their houses for water, whereas no respondent depend on the natural source

of water for their daily requirement.



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Education Facilities: Most of the villages had education facilities in the form of Anganwadi

and Primary Schools. Higher education facilities were available in the range of 5-10 km.

Colleges and other diploma courses were available at district place.

Transportation Facility: For transportation purpose Auto, Public and Private Bus services

were available. Transportation facilities were frequently available in the study area and

connecting major cities. Private vehicles like Bicycles & Motor Cycles were mostly used by

villagers for transportation purpose.

Road Connectivity: Most of the roads were pucca and connecting to villages. Dambar and

cement roads were commonly seen inside the villages.

Communication Facilities: For communication purpose mainly mobile phones, newspaper &

post offices were seen in the villages.

Medical Facilities: The availability of medical facilities in the project area is much better in

urban areas. Also in the urban areas, there are more number of dispensaries, maternity and

family welfare centres as compared to the medical facilities in rural areas. However, in rural

areas there are more number of hospitals, mobile health clinic and other medical facilities. The

medical facilities in rural areas available are minimal and not all the rural areas have access to

these facilities.

Electricity: The power supply connections in Villages are majorly used for domestic purposes,

Source/ Provider of Electricity is JECB Deoghar.

Market Facility: Study area was predominantly semi urban type. In villages, small shops were

available for daily needs. Wholesale markets were available at town place.

Animal’s husbandry: Normally local villagers are based upon poultry farms and cow,

Buffaloes, Goat, etc. Villagers are generating daily income from these animals. They are sailing

Milk to dairy point and get appropriate rates during the year and also supply the milk in their

village and nearby Hotels/ road side Dhaba.

Savings: - At study area earnings of families are depend on agriculture crops, daily labour

work and some of their small type of business. 60% families has source of income is agriculture.

Their yearly income and expenditure is equal so they enable to do saving. 30% families are

having big agricultural land by which they earn more and having good savings.

Family assets:-For assessing the family condition as per movable (material) assets

information has been taken from the study area. Its show that People have own Television sets,

tape, radio, mobile, LPG connections and refrigerator respectively in their houses. Few



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populations have two wheeler, 4 wheeler, tractors, water tankers and trucks & own some other

assets such as washing machine, telephone, VCD, sewing machine, etc.

Awareness and Opinion about the project

The respondents from almost of all the villages are aware about this MSW project.

The respondents have mixed view about the project. Most of the respondents have

fear about the increased solid waste, air, water & soil contamination and emission

odour.

Some respondents from the nearby villages have in the region show favorable opinion

about Project and associated activity as it may lead to increase in infrastructural facilities

and job opportunities.

This will improve the living standard of society & will provide safe & hygienic

surroundings. It will also eliminate the passage of solid waste/garbage problems in sewer

lines.

This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will improve the health

condition of the area and society.

Expectation from the project

Local employment

Plantation at nearby areas and ensure their survival rate.

Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the living & health condition

of inhabitants in the area.

Free Medical facilities for villagers and organize medical camps in nearby villages for

seasonable diseases.

Integrated Solid waste management project will ensure timely collection of waste,

efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment friendly manner.

IMPACT ON HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The impact on socio economic of surrounding area will be positive, as Project will directly

employ the local workers. Preference to local people residing nearby will be given direct

employment for this project. There is no displacement of any habitation or personnel and

hence the rehabilitation and resettlement action plan is not required.

Impact on Social Status: The study area is predominantly inhabited by rural population.

The proposed project is likely to provide more opportunities in employment to this area. The

preference in employment will be provided to the local residents in this area. Thus, population



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of the study area will be benefited due to the project in terms of direct and indirect

employment opportunities.

Impact on Civic Amenities: Cattles & other stray animals are used to roam around the

existing open dump site, which creates disturbance to society. Open dumping of waste also

creates an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. It will control the diseases

menace which gets spread due to the unattended waste lying at dumping site which attracts

flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread diseases in society. This leads to unhygienic

conditions and thereby causes rise in the health problem. Open dumping of waste also creates

an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. Through this project a scientific

technology of waste management shall be developed.

Impact on Public Health: Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the

living & health condition of inhabitants in the area. Littering of waste creates nuisance due to

unpleasant view and emission of foul odour. It will eliminate the ground for breeding of

mosquitoes & disease causing pathogens. Integrated Solid waste management project will

ensure timely collection of waste, efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment

friendly manner. This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will

improve the health condition of the area and society.

Impact on Health Care Facilities: While MSW activities, sufficient care will be taken in

providing health facilities to their employees besides organizing various medical camps for the

surrounding villages. The improved health care facilities improve the quality of life in the area.

Impact on Economic Aspects: Project will generate both direct & indirect employment.

Local people will be preferred for giving employment. This will improve economic status of the

area. Emigration of local people to other parts of state/country due to unavailability of

employment will be reduced.

Impact on Archeological and Historical and Places of Religious worship & Tourist

Places: The MSW project is unlikely to cause any impact on these places or structures or

devotees.

Socio-Economic Development

Based on the requirement of the people in the area, various development activities will be

taken by Deoghar Nagar Nigam regularly. The basic requirement of the community are



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strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the

community, providing drinking water to the villages affected, building/strengthening of

existing roads in the area etc.; In order to obtain felt needs of the surrounding villagers for

effective implantation of desired needs. The proposed project may create opportunities for

indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring, labors, trading of construction material,

service sector etc. This will help in improving the socio economic status of the region.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The socio-economic conditions in the study area indicate the quality of life of the people. The

important indicators which decide the quality of life and required to be improved for better

living conditions are literacy levels, occupational structure, industrial development,

infrastructural facilities, transportation, communication linkages, land development and

cropping pattern. The project proponents are envisaging undertaking the following socio-

economic measures.

Health Care: The adequate funds will be allocated for mobile dispensary, family planning,

medical camps and aid to the Govt. hospitals.

Educational Facilities: These include adult education facilities, financial assistance for

higher studies, sponsorship to vocational / professional training institution, computer

education camps, vocational training for students and aid to existing/proposed Govt. schools

and colleges.

Civic Amenities: These include support to community toilets, drinking water facilities like

public stand posts, elevated service reservoirs, playgrounds for children and recreation

facilities for all age groups. In addition to this participation and support to government efforts.

Employment: Development of project will provide employment opportunity to local skilled,

unskilled & semiskilled people during both construction & operation phase. Indirect

employment may also generate during construction phase of project. Tea stalls, and food shop

may come up around project site for workers. Almost local labour will be engaged for the allied

activity like marketing and sale of products like compost may further require more man power

engagement.

******



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CHAPTER-IV

ANTICIPATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Any development activity in its wake will bring about some impacts associated with its

origin, which can be broadly classified as reversible, irreversible, long and short-term

impacts, in this chapter, an endeavour has been made to identify various environmental

impacts associated with the operation of facility and other activities wherein, there may be

chance of pollution.

Based on the possible worst case emission and waste generation from the proposed project

and also taking into considering the base line environmental status at the proposed project

site, the environmental factors that are likely to be affected (impacts) are identified,

quantified and assessed. Both instrumental (positive) and detrimental (negative) impacts

are accounted for this purpose.

4.2. IMPACTS DURING DEVELOPMENT PHASE

Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, excavation, material

handling, building works, infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities.

The impacts due to construction activities are short term and area limited to the

construction phase. The impacts will be mainly on air quality, water quality and soil quality.

4.2.1 Impacts due to Solid Waste

This category of waste generation in the proposed project is due to different types of raw

materials being used during construction stage in general may comprise the following.

• Cement concrete

• Bricks, tiles,

• Cement plaster

• Steel (RCC, door/ window frames, roofing support, railings of staircase etc)

• Rubble, sand, Stone (Marble, granite, sand stone)

• Timber/wood

• Paints/varnishes



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Mitigation Measures-

The solid waste generated during this period being predominantly inert in nature. Hence

maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most of the solid waste

material can be used for filing/ levelling of low-laying areas within the site. All attempts

should be made to stick to the following measures.

All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be

provided so that the waste does not get scattered.

Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as

possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.

Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making roads/

pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land

filled.

The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of

the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high

potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the

recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.

Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible and

depending upon their conditions.

Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design

constraint.

Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc will be stored and processed within the site

premises.

Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat of

lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.

Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low laying areas.

Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material.

The unearthed soil can be used for levelling as well as for lawn development.

The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building

or can be disposed of.



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4.2.2. Impact on Air Quality

The principal potential source of air quality impact arising from the construction of the

proposed project is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Suspended Particulate

Matter and Respirable Suspended Particulates would be generated as a result of

construction activities.

The potential dust sources associated with construction activities are loading and unloading

of the materials, top soil removal, transport vehicles moving over unpaved roads, thus

getting dust air borne and wind erosion.

Among all the construction activities, site formation has the highest potential for causing

dust nuisance to the nearby air sensitive locations. During the construction of the project,

existing houses nearby may be subject to the potential dust impacts.

Proposed mitigation measure-

1) The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water sprinkling

on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out at least twice a

day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days, in this way around 50%

reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed surface will be achieved.

2) Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of dust

generation or all around the project site as barrier for dust control.

3) Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages.

4) In Plantation of regular watering will be done, so that the area will be moist for most

part of the day.

5) To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighbourhood the

external part of the building (administration, canteen, etc.) will be covered by plastic

sheets.

4.2.3. Impact on Water Quality

Preparation of designated area of land for subsequent development activities involves

levelling the ground surface, removal of vegetation, stockpiling and generation of

construction waste. The site formation may produce large quantities of run-off with high

suspended solids loading in the absence of appropriate mitigation measures.



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Proposed mitigation measures –

During site development necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water from

the site gets collected to working pit and if any over flow is, it will be diverted to nearby

greenbelt/ plantation area. During construction activity all the equipment washed water will

be diverted to working pit to arrest the suspended solids, if any and the settled water will be

reused for construction purposes, and for sprinkling on roads to control the dust emission,

etc. The domestic sewage generated will be treated through septic tank/soak pit.

To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers will

be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area

will be kept effectively impervious. Avoid excavation during monsoon season. Check dams

shall be provided to prevent construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water

bodies.

4.2.4. Impact of Noise levels

The major activities, which produce periodic noise, during construction phase, are as

follows:

Foundation works

Fabrication of structures

Plant erection

Operation of construction equipment

Movement of vehicles etc.

Mitigation Measures – Noise

All noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its

requirement. Proper enclosures will be used for reduction in noise levels and where ever

possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habitation.

Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project on surrounding habitation

would be insignificant. All vehicles entering into the project will be informed to maintain

speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required.



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4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

4.3.1. Impact on Land Environment and Mitigation Measures

Permanent change in land use and topography will occur due to the proposed project as the

open land will be used for Development of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and

Engineered Sanitary Landfill facility. But land acquisition will not be a problem as the entire

project an area has no habitation and is already earmarked for waste processing and landfill

site.

The proposed landfill shall be constructed in line with Solid Waste Management Rules 2016

and guidelines from CPCB and MoEFCC. There will not be any major negative impact on

water environment (groundwater/surface water) from the proposed landfill. The liner

system will avoid leachate from entering into the groundwater. Monitoring bore wells shall

be established around the landfill to keep track of any contamination, which is unlikely

because of the liner system and engineering landfill construction. The leachate generated

from the landfill shall be collected in a leachate holding tank and it is used back on the

landfill for dust suppression. Excess leachate shall be properly treated in evaporation ponds

etc.

Impact on Top Soil

No significant impact is expected on the soils on and around the site, due to the following

management measures:

All solid wastes and hazardous wastes from the plant complex are properly collected,

stored and disposed.

The entire plant site area would be well drained and thus, there would be no leaching

of any substances in case of spills, which would be maintained well confined to the

spot and be decontaminated.

Reject Treatment.

Hence, no negative impact on soil quality on the project site is expected due to the

proposed project activities.



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4.3.2 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures

Impact on Ground water

During operational phase, there is a potential threat for the contamination of ground water

due to the generation of leachates particularly during rains when the surface runoff infiltrate

down the surface of finished and the operational cells of the landfills. Leaching may occur

and ground water may get contaminated if proper mitigation measures are not taken to

avoid the contact of Leachate with ground water. The base of the landfill shall be a minimum

of 2m above the highest groundwater level in order to mitigate any plausible contamination

of water.

Also the water retained in the cells of the landfills shall drift downwards under gravity and

may reach the ground water table. Sewage generated from domestic activities of workers at

the site can be potential source of ground water contamination if not managed properly. As

per the management plan the ground water quality shall be monitored at regular intervals in

the operational phase of the project to check for contamination.

To avoid contamination of ground water from leachate generated from the compost

windrow, a concrete windrow platform and an appropriate drainage system is envisaged for

continuous draining of Leachate generated. Also, it will be treated in the Leachate

evaporation pond and reused for maintaining moisture in composting, rather than being

discharged. Therefore, there are no impacts on the ground water quality due to composting.

Mitigation Measures

Proposed project proposes to establish an impermeable base liner system-

Clay liner of low permeability of 10‐7 m/s shall be placed in layers not exceeding 300

mm and then compacted to the desired permeability and then raised to a total

thickness of 90 cm.

The top of the clay liner, as well as the base of the landfill shall be effectively graded to

attain a clear slope of 1 to 2% towards the Leachate collection sump.

A HDPE liner shall be placed over the clay liner to ensure maximum impermeability.

Proposed project proposes to establish an elaborate leachate collection system comprising a

network of drainage pipes laid directly over the liner system and covered with a sand/gravel

drainage layer. Leachate shall be collected by a network of lateral and header pipes



157

embedded in a drainage layer, all of which shall eventually drain into a leachate collection

sump. It is required to ensure there is no more than a limited head of pressure above the

base liner to cause leakage of liquid from the base of the landfill. The key features of a

leachate collection system comprise the following:

• A network of semi perforated HDPE pipes laid out directly over liners and graded

towards the collection sump at no less that 2% slope, with a slotting area of 100 Sq. Cm

per running meter of the pipe.

• A drainage layer 300mm thick of graded sand/gravel placed over the entire base of the

landfill, covering the pipe network (16‐32mm graded material).

• A geo‐textile placed over the primary liner serving the purpose of filter/ barrier

between the waste and the drainage media

There is also an elaborate system of treatment of the leachate in an Effluent Treatment Plant.

The treated leachate is then reused rather than discarded. Leachate will be reused for

maintaining moisture levels in the windrows. Due to such an elaborate system of leachate

collection, there is no impact on the ground water quality of the area.

Impact on surface water

Storm Water Management:-

Adequate storm water will be generated from the project site. Contamination of storm water

is possible from the following sources:-

Leachate generated from the waste and SLF.

Diesel and oil spills in the Diesel Power Generator & fuel storage area.

Waste spills in the solid/ hazardous waste storage area.

Oil spills and leaks in vehicle parking lots and washing area.

A detailed “Storm Water Management Plan” is developed after considering the above

sources. The plan incorporates best management practices which include the following:-

• Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains.

• Cover waste storage areas.

• Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season.

• Secondary containment and dykes in fuel/oil storage facilities.

• Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness.



158

• Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas.

• Good housekeeping in the above areas.

Effluent Treatment for Leachate-

Waste water will be generated from the following sources:-

Leachate from Landfill

Leachate from Compost plant

Waste water from Floor Wash

Waste water from Domestic Demand

The leachate and other wastewater generation have been estimated to be about 1100 m3

per day. A Leachate Evaporation pond of 700 cum is proposed and balance leachate will be

recirculate to landfill and compost windrow. All stacking and loading areas should be made

impervious and provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run

off from the site to con

4.3.3 Impact on Air Environment and Mitigation Measures

During this phase, the sources of fugitive dust are due to movement of garbage laden trucks

and tractors to and fro the land fill site. The unloading of garbage trucks and tractors release

suspended particulates further; the operation of wheel loader during levelling operations (of

the dumped solid waste) creates fugitive particulates.

The gaseous pollutants referred to above shall be emitted by the trucks and tractors plying

for the transportation of daily garbage. This component of the gaseous pollutants shall be

small as compared to the quantum generated during construction phase. Methane and

ammonia are two gases expected to be released from the sanitary landfill.

Mitigation measures

The haulage trucks and tractors involved for garbage transportation shall be

covered fully with tarpaulins and shall be prevented from spillage of dirt during

transit.

A dense green belt with fast growing floral species as recommended by CPCB

with climatological adaptability shall be developed along the periphery of the

landfill site.



159

The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water

sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out

at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days.

Impact & Mitigation of Foul Odor -

Although the odor emanating from a landfill is an inescapable problem, but the problem can

be mitigated if proper measures are taken. The proposed project proposes to cover the

wastes with daily and intermediate covers of soil on a regular basis to ensure that odor

generation is minimized.

Foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S creates major impact if windrow operation is not done

properly. To mitigate the foul Odor emanating from the wastes, the windrows will be

punctured beforehand so that foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S get slowly released. This

would reduce the intensity of foul smelling gases at the time of first turning.

Spray of herbal sanitizers and inoculums will be done to remove odour. The compost

facilities, roads, equipment and the surrounding area shall also be cleaned regularly to

remove the odor generating wastes. The processed compost is stored in sheds so as to avoid

attraction to birds and runoff due to rain or windblown entrainment of particles.

4.3.4 Impact of Noise / Vibrations & Mitigation Measures

Due to the various construction activities, there will be short‐term noise impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project site. The construction activities include: -

• Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing.

• Excavation for foundations with driller.

• Construction plant and heavy vehicle movement.

Mitigation measures

During construction, the machinery used will be of highest standard of reputed make and

will adhere to the international standards. Proper enclosures and noise shields will be used

for reduction in noise levels. Also, since the project site is sufficiently away from habitation,

there will not be any significant increase in the impact of the noise generated from the site.

However, impact due to noise pollution can be minimized by ensuring that no noise

generating activity is carried out during night hours. All vehicles entering into the project



160

will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required. In this

context, it is to be noted that:

The noise levels predicted for the human settlements will be below the levels

specified by the CPCB for residential areas.

At places of continuous noise generation, continuous attendance of workers is not

required. Hence, the workers will not be exposed to continuously high noise levels.

The noise level at the critical places is of concern from occupational consideration

and adequate protective measures aimed at reducing the effect of noise levels will

have to be taken for these workers. The mitigation measures will include job

rotation and provision of earmuffs in high noise areas.

Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working

very close to the noise generating machinery.

4.3.4 Impact on Biological Environment & Mitigation Measures

Impact on Flora and Fauna:

One portion of Land (Approximately 20% of total Land) have small Palash tree (Butea

monosperma). This is only predominant vegetation at site. There are no other plants or trees

endemic to the area and also, there are no endangered species found on the site. The fauna

present is also characteristic of the dry deciduous regions and comprises of common

mammals, reptiles and birds. Therefore land clearing activities will not result in any adverse

impact on the biodiversity of the area. The project operations will be carried out in a manner

as to minimize any disturbance of ecology in the area. Moreover, development of a green belt

with varied variety of trees would have a net positive impact.

During the construction stage removal of understory (shrubs and herbs) will reduce the

habitat for a few faunal species. It will be temporary and suitable alternatives are available

in nearby areas.

Mitigation Measures:

Green area of about 33% will be maintained around the facility, which will provide

more habitats to birds and smaller mammals. The landfill cover will also be

landscaped with local vegetation.



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Native species will be selected and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of

4 × 4-m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil around the facility as well as

on the landfill cover.

No activities will be planned in the green buffer other than approach/ service road,

public amenities (activities which would not result in damaging the green cover).

Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree plantation may

not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to prevent erosion of

topsoil.

4.3.5 Impact on Socio Economic Environment & Mitigation Measure

The impacts on socio-economics may occur due to noise, dust and odour issues which may

further affect community health and safety.

Impact on Social Status:

The study area is predominantly inhabited by rural population. The proposed project is

likely to provide more opportunities in employment to this area. The preference in

employment will be provided to the local residents in this area. Thus, population of the study

area will be benefited due to the project in terms of direct and indirect employment

opportunities.

Impact on Human Settlement

There is no displacement of any habitation or personnel and hence the rehabilitation and

resettlement action plan is not required.

Impact on Civic Amenities: Cattles & other stray animals are used to roam around the

existing open dump site, which creates disturbance to society. Open dumping of waste also

creates an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. It will control the diseases

menace which gets spread due to the unattended waste lying at dumping site, which attracts

flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread diseases in society. This leads to

unhygienic conditions and thereby causes rise in the health problem.

Aesthetics The landfill will be capped and the topmost layer will be landscaped thereby improving the

aesthetics of the area.

Impact on Public Health: Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the

living & health condition of inhabitants in the area. Littering of waste creates nuisance due to

unpleasant view and emission of foul odour. It will eliminate the ground for breeding of

mosquitoes & disease causing pathogens. Integrated Solid waste management project will



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ensure timely collection of waste, efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment

friendly manner. This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will

improve the health condition of the area and society.

Odour Nuisance

Odour is one of the main concerns of the locals in vicinity to the proposed project. However,

the impacts due to odour nuisance have been envisaged to be low as the designing of the

facility has been planned in such a manner that the odour will be contained within the

boundaries of the facility. Therefore, there is little possibility of odour.

Impact on Traffic:

The project envisages unidirectional pathways for both incoming and outgoing waste

trucks/vehicles to avoid traffic congestion. There will be dedicated corridors of specific

pathways for the incoming and outgoing vehicular traffic for meeting the movement of

finished product. Therefore, there will not be any significant impacts on traffic in the area

and on the site.

Impact on Health Care Facilities: While MSW activities, sufficient care will be taken in

providing health facilities to their employees besides organizing various medical camps for

the surrounding villages. The improved health care facilities improve the quality of life in the

area.

Impact on Economic Aspects: Project will generate both direct & indirect employment.

Local people will be preferred for giving employment. This will improve economic status of

the area. Emigration of local people to other parts of state/country due to unavailability of

employment will be reduced.

Impact on Historical and Worship Places: The MSW project is unlikely to cause any

impact on places like Archeological and Historical and Places of Religious worship & Tourist

attraction or structures or devotees.

Economic Benefits to Local Municipality:

Development of the facility will create more jobs in the area and also present the

opportunity to provide improved products or services to people in the area. During the

operation phase, one of the project activities would comprise of manual segregation of

waste. The locals inhabiting or rag pickers, who have been performing the task of informal



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waste collection, can be employed for this specific activity during the operational phase.

There will be fixed source of income on monthly, weekly or daily basis to the rag pickers of

the area, who otherwise depend upon the collection of recyclables from various dump sites

across the city. Therefore, the positive impacts on rag pickers due to sustenance of livelihood

and improvement in living conditions are anticipated.

Socio-Economic Development

Based on the requirement of the people in the area, various development activities

will be taken by Giridih Nagar Nigam regularly. The basic requirement of the community

are strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the

township to the community, providing drinking water to the villages affected,

building/strengthening of existing roads in the area etc.; In order to obtain felt needs of

the surrounding villagers for effective implantation of desired needs. The proposed

project may create opportunities for indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring,

labors, trading of construction material, service sector etc. This will help in improving the

socio economic status of the region.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The socio-economic conditions in the study area indicate the quality of life of the people. The

important indicators which decide the quality of life and required to be improved for better

living conditions are literacy levels, occupational structure, industrial development,

infrastructural facilities, transportation, communication linkages, land development and

cropping pattern. The project proponents are envisaging undertaking the following socio-

economic measures.

Health Care: The adequate funds will be allocated for mobile dispensary, family planning,

medical camps and aid to the Govt. hospitals.

Educational Facilities: These include adult education facilities, financial assistance for

higher studies, sponsorship to vocational / professional training institution, computer

education camps, vocational training for students and aid to existing/proposed Govt.

schools and colleges.

Civic Amenities: These include support to community toilets, drinking water facilities

like public stand posts, elevated service reservoirs, playgrounds for children and

recreation facilities for all age groups. In addition to this participation and support to

government efforts.



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Employment: Development of project will provide employment opportunity to local

skilled, unskilled & semiskilled people during both construction & operation phase.

Indirect employment may also generate during construction phase of project. Tea stalls,

and food shop may come up around project site for workers. Almost local labour will be

engaged for the allied activity like marketing and sale of products like compost may

further require more man power engagement.

4.3.6 Impact on Occupational Health & Safety

Healthy and safe working conditions are among the first expectations for sustainability, i.e.

Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge social and economic implications for

individuals, their families and their communities. They also have an adverse impact on the

economy of the society as a whole.

Injury due improper handling, operation and execution

Occupational hazards like high noise, electric shocks etc.

Trip and fall, inadequate fall safe arrangements

Diseases from unhygienic surrounding

Exposure to hazardous substances etc.

Workers at times are not accustomed to use of Personal Protection

Equipment, their attitude to avoid PPE may result in accident/hazard.

Mitigation measures

Workers will be provided with required PPEs to be used at site;

The necessary safety measures will be taken up before and during the

construction.

Good Waste Handling practices will be implemented which will greatly

reduce foul smell and reduce impact from odours.

Details of Infrastructural Facilities for Worker-

Water for drinking & other purpose will be arranged.

All the safety equipment’s such as helmets, safety shoes, goggles, dust masks etc.

A well-equipped first aid facilities,

Periodic medical health check-ups,

Rest shelter, washrooms etc. will provided near the working blocks.

**************



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CHAPTER-V

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

MSW Management Department of Deoghar Nagar Nigam has proposed to establish an

Integrated Solid Waste Management project, which will provide facilities like Windrow

Composting, RDF and Landfill facility.

5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES

Deoghar Nagar Nigam has been not allotted new land as alternate site for development of

the proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility by

Department in the business allocation of land assignment, as the near village Pachiyari

Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720 , Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number-

242, Khata No- 58, District-Deoghar, Jharkhand proves to be the best location, considering

both the environmental and economic factors. The site is observed to be an open land.

5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016

The department in the business allocation of land assignment shall provide suitable

site for setting up of the solid waste processing and treatment facilities and notify such

sites.

The sanitary landfill site shall be planned, designed and developed with proper

documentation of construction plan as well as a closure planning in a phased manner.

In case a new landfill facility is being established adjoining an existing landfill site, the

closure plan of existing landfill should form a part of the proposal of such new landfill.

The landfill sites shall be selected to make use of nearby wastes processing facilities.

Otherwise, wastes processing facility shall be planned as an integral part of the landfill

site.

Landfill sites shall be set up as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Urban

Development, Government of India and Central Pollution Control Board.

The existing landfill sites which are in use for more than five years shall be improved in

accordance with the specifications given in this schedule.

The landfill site shall be large enough to last for at least 20-25 years and shall develop

‘landfill cells’ in a phased manner to avoid water logging and misuse. The landfill site



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shall be 100 meter away from river, 200 meter from a pond, 200 meter from highways,

habitations, public parks and water supply wells and 20 km away from airports or

airbase. However in a special case, landfill site may be set up within a distance of 10

and 20 km away from the airport/airbase after obtaining no objection certificate from

the civil aviation authority/ air force as the case may be. The landfill site shall not be

permitted within the flood plains as recorded for the last 100 years, zone of coastal

regulation, wetland, critical habitat areas, sensitive or eco-fragile areas.

The sites for landfill and processing and disposal of solid waste shall be incorporated in

the Town Planning Department’s land-use plans.

A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around solid waste processing

and disposal facility, exceeding five tonnes per day of installed capacity. This will be

maintained within the total area of the solid waste processing and disposal facility. The

buffer zone shall be prescribed on case to case basis by the local body in consultation

with concerned State Pollution Control Board.

The bio-medical waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the Bio-medical Waste

Management Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The hazardous waste shall be

managed in accordance with the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and

Tran’s boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The E-waste

shall be managed in accordance with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 as

amended from time to time.

Temporary storage facility for solid waste shall be established in each landfill site to

accommodate the waste in case of non- operation of waste processing and during

emergency or natural calamities



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TABLE 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA OF THE PROPOSED SITE

Criteria for landfill site

Required as per SWM Rule 2016

Actual Position

Design Life Period 20-25 years More than 20 years

Distance from River >100 Mtrs No river flowing within 100 m from the project boundary

Distance from Pond >200 Mtrs Not applicable

Distance from Highway >200 Mtrs Distance of highway is more than 200 m from the project boundary

Distance from Habitation

>200 Mtrs No habitation is settled within 200m from the project boundary

Distance from Public Parks

>200 Mtrs No public park exit in 200m from the project boundary

Distance from Water supply wells

>200 Mtrs No any water supply well was observed within 200m from the project boundary

Water table* 2 m from bottom liner of landfill

Criteria complied

Earthquake zone* 500 m from fault line fracture

The project district comes under seismic zone III.

Airport/Airbase >20Kms Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project site. 10-20 Kms.

Floodplains (100 Yrs.) Not Allowed Not Applicable Zone of Coastal Regulations

Not Allowed

Wetland Not Allowed Critical Habitat Area Not Allowed Sensitive Eco Fragile Area

Not Allowed

General Conditions: EIA Notification 2006;Project is category A if

EIA Notification 2006; Requirement

Yes, the project falls under interstate boundary of Bihar which is distance about 2.65 km in NNW direction from project site.

Protected Area under Wildlife


Critically Polluted Area under CPCB


Notified Eco Sensitive Area


Interstate Boundaries or International Boundaries

>10 Kms Bihar state border is at distance of 2.65 km in NNW from proposed project boundary.

********



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CHAPTER – VI

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS

An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse

environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to

introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental

monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to:-

Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and

thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.

Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental

monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues

among them.

Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.

Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the

Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management

plan, if required.

Identify training requirement at various levels.

An environmental monitoring plan is suggested to monitor environmental parameters

during designing phase, construction phase and operation phase of the project. The

Monitoring plan is given in Table 6.1.

6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

The main objective of environmental monitoring program is aimed such that there is not

much of time lack between commencements of damage to environment mitigation measures

to various environmental parameters that are being affected. The Environmental Monitoring

Program involves the following-

Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic data/information

collection.

Conducting survey and sampling program.



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Analysis of samples and data/information collected, and interpretation of data

and information.

Preparation of reports for submitting to management and statutory authorities.

Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation to detect

changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed

to the project.

The results of the monitoring program used to evaluate the following:-

1) Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted

impacts.

2) Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with

pertinent rules and regulations.

3) Trends in impacts and overall effectiveness of the project Environment

Management Plan (EMP).

Environmental Monitoring Program has been prepared for the proposed project for

assessing the efficiency of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take

corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment.

6.2.1. Air Environment

For the proposed project, the air emissions are from windrow process, DG sets and vehicular

movement. DG set is proposed as standby to use during power failure for emergency needs

using diesel as fuel and hence are not expected to contribute emissions to the environment

on regular basis. Ambient air quality in and around the project site (nearby villages) will be

monitored for important parameters.

6.2.2. Noise Environment

Monitoring of the noise levels and exposures is essential to assess the Environmental.

Management Plan implemented to reduce noise levels. A good quality integrated sound level

meter and noise exposure meter may be procured for the same. Audiometric tests will be

conducted periodically for the employees working close to the noise sources. Noise levels

will be monitored within the project site on regular intervals.



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6.2.3. Water Environment

Leachate, domestic sewage, water from piezometers, nearby bore wells, nearby surface

water will be analysed regularly for the parameters given below. They are as follows:

pH & EC

Suspended Solids

Dissolved Solids

Oil and Grease

Chloride

Sulphide

COD and BOD

Nitrates

Phosphates

6.2.4. Land Environment

The soil in the neighbouring areas will be analysed for the relevant parameters. The average

canopy height of the greenbelt, number and types of plant species will be monitored. Air and

noise pollution attenuation achieved by the greenbelt will also be evaluated. It would be

ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring of ambient air, stack

gases, effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained.

6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring of the municipal solid waste operations i.e. the physical environment and the

Public health in the vicinity of the Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and disposal

facility is an integral part to design, construction and operation of the facility. The proposed

monitoring program for the proposed project has three interrelated objectives.

To check implementation and management of the various aspects required for

Impact mitigation.

To check how effective are the measures for mitigation and control of pollution.

In case of non - compliance further measures for rectification.



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All monitoring strategies and program have reasons and justifications which are often

designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish trends in

Environmental parameters. In all cases the results of monitoring will be reviewed, analysed

statistically and submitted to concerned authorities. The design of a monitoring program

must therefore have regard to the final use of the data before monitoring starts.

The monitoring program will have three phases

1) Construction phase

2) Monitoring phase

3) Post monitoring phase

6.3.1. Construction Phase

The major construction activities involved in setting up the unit are construction of sheds for

treatment units, stores, administrative blocks, canteen etc. major components in the

industry are landfill, diesel generator, other civil, mechanical and electrical equipment. The

construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilization of construction material

and equipment. The construction activities are expected to last for few months.

During construction phase of landfill at every stage quality of construction will be monitored

viz. base preparation, liners quality, drainage layers, leachate collection system, storm water

management system, gas vent systems, etc. The generic environmental measures that need

to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in the following Table 6.1.

TABLE -6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

S.No Potential Impact

Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP

Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring &

Locations 1) Air

Emissions Ambient air quality within

the premises & adjacent villages of the Proposed unit to be monitored.

Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)

Monitoring once in season except for monsoon (once a year) 24 hour reading as per NAAQS, 2009/CPCB guidelines in minimum 4 locations (one location at site & three in adjacent villages)

Compaction of soil during various construction activities

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO & Construction logs

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.

Vehicle logs Random checks of

Periodic during site clearance & construction



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All equipment’s are

operated within specified design Parameters.

equipment logs/ manuals

activities.

Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers or prevented from Blowing.

Stockpiles or open containers of dusty Materials.

2) Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.

Noise intensity in dB(A) Day & Night, Leq, Lmin, Lmax, L10, L90, L50

Noise reading Working hour

records Maintenance &

Random checks of vehicles equipment

records

logs/manuals

Instant Noise recording

Monitoring once in Season 24 hour reading as per standards in minimum 3 locations within 500m with respect to site. Regular during construction activities,

Night working is to be Minimized. Generation of vehicular activities noise Implement good working practices (equipment selection and siting) to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe Distances and enclosures). Acoustic mufflers/enclosures to be provided in large engines Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the plant premises. The noise level will not exceed the permissible limit both during day and night times

3) Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site clearance, by staying within the defined boundaries Protect topsoil stockpile.

Soil texture, pH, Salinity, Sodium, Nitrates, Phosphates, Organic content, potassium, sand, silt and clay, Electrical Conductivity Site boundaries not extended /breached as per plan document Effective cover in Place.

Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 3 locations (1kg sample at every station)



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4) Ground water, Surface water & Wastewater Discharge

No direct discharge of Wastewater to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The discharge point would be selected properly and sampling and analysis would be undertaken prior to discharge. Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

Colour, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids pH, salinity, Dissolve Oxygen, Alkalinity as CaCO3, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Sulphates, Phosphate as PO4, Calcium Heavy Metals (Arsenic, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead), Chlorides, Boron, Iron, Fluorides, Copper and Chromium, Total Coliform count Discharge norms for effluents as given in Permits

Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 2 locations in and around the site. Two litres of samples from each source, locations are chosen based on availability of ground & surface water body within study area.

5) Drainage and Effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof

Periodic during construction activities

6) Waste Management

Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be in place and available for Inspection onsite. Compliance with SWM Rules, 2016

Periodic check during construction activities

7) Impact on Ecology (Flora & Fauna)

Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) at site



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8) Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan will be drawn, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent / Limit consequences.

Mock drills and records of the same

Periodic during construction activities

9) Health Employees and migrant labour health check-ups

All relevant parameters Including HIV.

Regular check-ups as per Factories Act

6.3.2. Operation Phase:-

During Monitoring and auditing following procedures will be taken:-

Reducing operational costs.

Training the staff and defining the responsibilities.

Facilitate adequate equipment and materials for proper handling of municipal

solid waste.

Providing write up to-date procedures specifying operational methods.

Maintenance and calibration of the equipment both for operations and

Monitoring.

Retention of record.

Regular monitoring of the various components of the physical environment is

planned during the operations period of the facility and also during the post-closure

period.

TBALE 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

S.No

Potential Impact Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP


Frequency of Monitoring &

Locations 1) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill

areas VOC, H2S, Methane & CO2

Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines & 24 hour reading as per NAAQS, 2009) at minimum of 3 locations near project site. Also EC norms given by MoEF&CC should be complied.

Stack emissions from DG sets

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, SO2, HC, and as per NAAQ Standards & CTE conditions

AAQ within the Project premises.

All vehicles to be PUC Certificate.

Vehicle logs to be maintained

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temp., relative Humidity and rainfall.



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2) Noise Noise generated from operations to be monitored

Noise intensity in dB(A) Day & Night, Leq, Lmin, Lmax, L10, L90, L50

Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines & 24 hour reading as per Standards) at minimum of 3 locations within 500 m with respect to project site.

3) Wastewater Discharge (leachate)

Compliance to wastewater discharge standards

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and Oil & grease (heavy metals, if required), & Toxicity

Daily at regular intervals

Once in a month by third party

4) Solid waste/Hazardous Waste

Check compliance to applicable SWM rules

Quality & quantity Monitoring & records

Periodically CPCB norms.

5) Ground & Surface Water Quality

Monitoring ground water quality, through piezometers

pH, salinity, total dissolved solids, BOD, Coliform count, DO, electrical conductivity, Chlorides & COD And as per CPCB guidelines

Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 2 locations in and around the site. Two litres of samples from each source, locations are chosen based on availability of ground & surface water body within study area as per CPCB norms.

6) Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species

Once a year

7) Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around

Soil texture, pH, Salinity, Sodium, Nitrates, Phosphates, Organic content, potassium, sand, silt and clay, Electrical Conductivity and Heavy Metals.

Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines) at 3 locations. 1kg sample at every station.

8) Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters (BP, HIV, Chest X-ray, Eye vision, etc.) and HIV for workers

Regular check-ups as per Factories act.



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6.3.3. Post-closure Monitoring

Post-closure monitoring of the landfill will be done primarily as a compliance

requirement in addition to social responsibility this also provides an early warning

towards possible adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The post-

closure program of monitoring for water quality in the ground water and surface waters

down gradient of the landfill will be similar to that established for the operational stage

of the facility. The frequency of monitoring may be varied from time to time depending

on changing circumstances. There is no need for the post closure monitoring of air

quality, noise or visual effects during the post closure period. However, this need will be

reviewed periodically and should any aspects warrant, further monitoring will be

included in the program.

TABLE 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING POST OPERATION PHASE S.No Potential

Impact Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP


Frequency of Monitoring

1) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill areas

VOC, H2S, Methane & CO2

EC conditions given by MoEF & CC and as per CPCB protocol.

AAQ within the project premises All vehicles to be PUC Certificate.

As per NAAQ Standards Vehicle logs to be maintained.

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative Humidity and rainfall.

2) Wastewater Discharge (leachate) if present


pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Oil & grease, Heavy metals

Once in a month (during initial period more regularly)

3) Ground Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring ground water quality, and water levels within

As per CPCB protocol Periodically and CPCB protocol

4) Flora and Fauna

Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development.

No. of plants, species Once a year



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TABLE NO- 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental

Component Project Phase Monitoring Institutional

Responsibility Air Parameters Standards Frequency Duration

Pre‐Construction Phase

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO

As per MSW (M&H) Rules, 2016 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1984

8 hourly samples per day for CO, CH4 & NH3. 24 hrs sampling for PM, and SO2

Once Contractor through approved monitoring agency

Construction Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO

8 hrs samples per day for CO, CH4, NH3 once in a month. 24 hrs sampling for PM, and SO2

Quarterly till completion of construction phase

Contractor through approved monitoring agency

Operation Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO

3 locations, 8 hour samples per day, and monitoring for three Seasons.

Continuous 8 hour/or for 1 full working day, twice in each season except monsoon.


Ground Water Pre‐Construction Phase

pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn etc., Nitrate, Fe, Chloride, Phenolic Compounds and Sulphate.

As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS 10500:1991

Grab sampling at above selected locations

Twice a year Contractor through approved monitoring agency

Construction Phase pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn etc., Nitrate, Fe, Chloride, Phenolic Compounds and Sulphate

As per MSW (M & H) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS 10500:1991

6 Samples in Pre monsoon and 6 samples in post monsoon during operation phase

Twice in every year during operation phase




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Operation Phase Do As per MSW (M & H) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS10500:1991

Noise Pre‐Construction Phase

Noise level on dB(A) scale

Noise standards by CPCB

Hourly monitoring for 24 hours at once

Once

Construction Phase Noise level on dB (A) scale



Twice a year

Operation Phase Noise level on dB(A)scale



Quarterly

Soil Pre‐Construction phase

Color, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Carbon, Bicarbonate, Chloride, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SAR, N, Texture

As per Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016

Representative samples form in and around project site

Once Contractor through approved monitoring agency

Operation Phase Do As per Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016

Representative samples form in and around project site

Twice a year Contractor through approved monitoring agency

Leachate Operation Phase Suspended solid, Dissolved solid, pH, Ammonical Nitrogen, Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen, BOD, COD, As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, CN, Fluoride, Phenolic compound

As per MSW (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016

Before discharging of Leachate for reuse

Quarterly throughout operation phase of the project


Compost quality Operation Phase Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper,

As per Municipal Solid Waste

Before selling the compost

Throughout operation

Contractor through approved monitoring



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Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, C/N Ratio, pH

(Management & Handling) Rules, 2016

phase of the project

agency

Social Factors Pre‐construction phase

Aesthetics, Vectors, Odor, Health of surrounding Habitants and workers, communicable disease and occupational diseases (like skin infection, lung infection, fungal infection, etc

As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016

Once Once Contractor through approved monitoring

agency

Construction Phase Aesthetics, Vectors, Odor, Health of surrounding Habitants, Communicable diseases

As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016

Yearly monitoring of workers health and monitoring of diseases in the surrounding community

During construction

phase


agency

Operation Phase Do Do Yearly monitoring of workers health and seasonal monitoring of diseases in the surrounding Community. Annual assessment of the ratio of the incident of particular disease related to the project activity

During operation phase


agency


180 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited

6.4 Public Health Monitoring

There is three-stage health-monitoring program is proposed.

Monitor the health of workers within the project site to identify adverse health

Effects.

Periodically obtain feedback from local doctors regarding any potential indicators of

adverse health effects due to environmental cause in the communities surrounding,

and particularly down-stream of the landfill.

By organizing health camps on regular basis.

6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and

recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control

measures.

TABLE 6.5: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

S. No. Particulars

Capital cost (In Rs.)

Annual recurring cost (in Rs.)

Proposed Proposed

1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-

2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-

3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-

4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-

5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-

6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-

Total 28.0/- 19.0/-

*****



CHAPTER - VII

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The additional studies carried out for the proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management

project at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre,

Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand). The proposed integrated MSW

processing and disposal facility will be established to handle about 200 TPD.

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

As per the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14.09.2006

issued by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India, Public Hearing will be conducted

after submission of Draft EIA report to Regional Office, Pachiyari Kothiya (Jharkhand ). Details of

the public hearing will be incorporated in Final EIA Report.

Public Hearing Minutes and Replies

Public Hearing for Environmental Clearance for proposed Integrated Solid Waste

Management at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand ).

Public Hearing conducted on 5th April 2019 (11:00 AM) at Project Site, Village- Pachiyari

Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand).

The Public Hearing is organized by Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board Deoghar and

Presided by Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh , Shri. Sanjay Kumar

Srivastava, Asst. Scientific Officer, JSPCB Head Office, Ranchi. Inauguration speech was given

by Shri Ravindra Prasad, Regional Officer, JSPCB, Dumka

Name of the Project Date & Time Location of the Project

Integrated MSW

Management Project for

Deoghar Nagar Nigam

5th April 2019 at 11:00 AM Project Site, Village- Pachiyari

Kothiya, District- Deoghar

(Jharkhand)

M/s. Wolkem India Limited Submitted an application to the Jharkhand State Pollution Control

Board Deoghar for conducting a Public Hearing for Integrated MSW Management Project for



Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand ) .This hearing

is organized by pollution Control Board ,Jharkhand .

A considerable gathering of people were also present during the hearing. List of the panel

members and others present during the public hearing is enclosed in Annexure. The hearing is

presided over by Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh

During the discussion the panel members and the others present in the public hearing made

queries / suggestions with respect to the proposed project, which are noted below and

replies are given in Table 7.1 along with PH photographs shown in Fig 7.1.

Figure: 7.1 PH Photographs



Officers Present-:

1. Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh

2. Shri. Sanjay Kumar Srivastava, Asst. Scientific Officer ,JSPCB Head Office , Ranchi

3. Shri Ravindra Prasad ,Regional Officer ,JSPCB,Dumka

TABLE- 7.1 COMPLIANCE TO PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES

S.

No.

Name of

Person/Address

Suggestions/Complaints Reply given by Project

Proponent/HSPCB Officials & Deputy

Commissioner

1. Shri. Suresh Yadav

,

Pachiyari Kothiya,

He said that instant giving

priorities to localities,

neighbouring state labours are

more preferred.

He assured that the priority employment

will be given to localise people.

2. Shri. Birendra

Kumar Singh ,

Pachiyari Kothiya,

1. He raised the point regarding

Employment.

2. Due to excessive mosquitos in

area the diseases are spreading

frequently.

He assured that employment will be given

to localise people as per priority.

For precautions from Mosquitos we will

arrange Fogging to avoid the respective

problem

3. Shri Vikas Mattha

Gidni

1. Localise are not being

equipped by any facilities.

2. Unemployment is the major

issue amongst people.

3. Mosquitos problem is the

major concern.

He assured that the Localise will be given

priority for employment than the

neighbouring site people.

He assured that every problem will be

solved as soon as possible.

4. Shri Rajesh Kumar

Mandan ,

Gidni

The localize suggested that the

employment priorities should

be given in keeping keen

awareness of educational level

of an individual

He assured that the employment will be

preferably prioritized for localise.

Training and Awareness given to Juvenile

people.

5 Shri Mohan Mali , Employment related issues Employment will be no longer issue for the



Gidni were raised localize in priority.

6. Shri Kishan Yadav

, Pachiyari Kothiya

Localites asked about the

getting the compost from plant.

He replied that after the totality of plant

commission the remaining part will be

shared among the localize people

7. Shri Krishna

Rawat , Pachiyari

Kothiya

1. Here the plant will be

established and fertilizer and

compost material will be

generated ,so it should be firstly

share amongst the farmers and

localities as they are in need of

it.

2. Iirigation and fertilization is

also getting effected.

3. young localize should get

employment first .

He replied that after the totality of plant

commission the remaining part will be

shared among the localize people.


preferably prioritized for localise

8. Shri Jitendra

Yadav , Pachiyari

Kothiya

1.After processing of plant

fertilizer should be given.

2. Due to deficiency of land

,Irrigation and fertilization is

less .

3. Employment related issues.

Quarter amount of compost will be share

amongst the lcoalize people.



9. Shri Krishna Kaul ,

Pachiyari Kothiya

1. Localize informed that they

are been into debt and loss of

50,000/- per year in farming.

2. stinking smell is the most

unfavourable issue .

3.Employment has not been

generated till now as it was said

earlier .

Quarter amount of compost will be share

amongst the lcoalize people.

For precautions we will arrange Fogging to

avoid the respective problem





7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major

hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may

lead to emergency consequences (Disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on this

information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences.

The approach involves hazards identification, assessment, valuation and developing Disaster

Management Plan (DMP).

7.3.1 Risk analysis: - Risk analysis includes an estimate of the probability or likelihood that

an event will occur. Estimation of random incidents totally uncorrected with plant activities

may also be taken. Risk can be characterized in qualitative terms as high medium or low, or

in quantitative terms using numerical estimates and statistical calculations. For practical

purposes a risk analysis may be based on a subjective, common-sense evaluation. Both

probability and consequences are extremely important in evaluating risk. A high risk

situation can be the result of a high probability with severe consequences (e.g. irreversible

health effects or death due to an airborne toxic dust, a fire or explosion with Injuries or

fatalities), whereas moderate risk situations can be a result of either high probability with

mild consequences or low probability with more severe consequences.

In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency

Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible

hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely to be affected, on-site

and off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency

services and duties of officers/staff during emergency.

The following major hazards are anticipated in the proposed project:-

Hazardous pertaining to fires in project / plant area

Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage area and disposal areas

Natural disaster (Earthquakes, flooding etc.)

Electrical accidents,

Flooding from man-made causes,

Rainfall induced landslides,

Environmental & Health Aspects



7.3.2 Disaster management plan-

Emergency preparedness and prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and

inspection is essential to reduce occurrences of eventualities. The overall objectives of the

DMP is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the

following-

Localize the emergency on property and people

• Minimize effects on property and people

• Effective rescue and medical treatment

• Evacuation

In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency

Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible

hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely tombe affected, on-site and

off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency services

and duties of officers/staff during emergency.

On-site Disaster-

If an accident/incident takes place within industrial area and its effects are confined to the

premises, involving only the persons working in the Industrial area and the property inside

the Industrial area, it is called as on-site disaster.

Off-site Disaster

If the accident is such that its affects inside the industrial area are uncontrollable and it

may spread outside the premises, it is called as off-site disaster.

(A) On-site Disaster Management Plan-

Main Elements of On-site Emergency Plans-

Leadership and administration.

Role and responsibilities of key personnel.

Emergency action.

Light and power.

Source of energy control.

Protective and rescue equipment.



Communication.

Medical care.

Mutual aid.

Public relation.

Protection of vital records.

Training.

Periodical revision of plan

Action Plan for on-site Disaster Management Plan:-

7.3.2.1. Control Centre

This is the main centre from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed

and coordinated. Facilities to be made available in the control centre are:

Internal and external communication.

Computer and other essential records.

Daily attendance of workers employed.

Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.

Pollution records.

Plan of the industrial area showing:

a) Storage area of hazardous materials.

b) Storage of safety equipment.

c) Fire fighting system and additional source of water.

d) Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.

e) Assembly points.

f) Truck parking area.

g) Surrounding location.

Note Book, pad and pencil.

List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.



TABLE 7.2 KEY PERSONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES DURING EMERGENCY

S. No. Key Person Responsibilities

Site Main Controller On reaching he will assess the magnitude of the

situation in consultation with Incident Controller

and decide whether inside or outside help are to

be called (i.e. Fire Service, Police, and Ambulance

etc.).

Ensure that key persons are called in.

Give guidance and direction in vital and

important activities to control the emergency

situation.

Direct to close down and evacuation of the plants

in consultation with Incident controller and key

personnel.

Inform the government authorities such as

Collector, MC, Factory Inspector, Health Officer &

Medical Officer and request them for their help

as situation demands.

Give prime importance to human life and

guidance in organizing the rescue operations as

well as ensure whether injured people getting

proper medical attention in time.

Always be in touch with the Incident Controller

to get further progress and decide further plan.

On completion of emergency situation declare

the normalcy through Administrative Officer.

Control the re-occupation of the affected areas

on discontinuation of emergency.

Do not permit to re-start the plant unless it is

safe.



Give authentic statement of the incident to news

media & government authorities.

Incident Controller Take the charge of situation and assess the

magnitude of the event.

Control and guide all the operations with

priorities to the safety of personnel, minimize

pollution, loss of material and loss to the plant

equipment and property.

Provide advice and guide to the fire fighting

and rescuing squad and fire brigade while

they arrive.

Establish communication with emergency

control centre.

Report on all significant developments to the

emergency control centre through

phone/messenger.

Ensure that evacuation of the areas in the

factory getting affected is complete.

After the emergency situation is brought

under control, assure that the necessary

evidence for further investigation in the

incident is preserved and inform Site

Controller regarding control of emergency.

Technical Staff /

Department Head

As soon as informed, rush to the spot and take

charge of the situation till senior group

arrives.

Ensure that emergency siren is raised which

gives information to security, safety,

administration staff and technical staff.

On arrival of Incident Controller, inform him



about the gravity of the situation and then to

work under his guidance to control the

situation.

Ensure that only experienced and essential

people remains at the location for controlling,

while others to be evacuated from the scene.

Employees Near The

Spot (Incident Area)

Tackle the emergency as per laid down

procedures for the area bearing in mind the

requirements of the situation called for by the

progress of the emergency.

Remove all non-essential employees (who are

not assigned any emergency duty) to evacuate

the area and gather at the specified assembly

points.

Stop the operations as per the information of

the Incident Controller.

Employees Of Other

Department

On getting information of incident, take

permission of superior and confirm own

plant, department, safety and then after

trained and skill persons will rush to incident

spot with necessary personnel protective

equipment.

Approach the spot from up wind direction

and assemble at safe place near to the spot

taking in to consideration the wind direction.

Extend help to control the situation as per the

instruction and guidance given by the senior

persons controlling the operation.

Personnel Officer Basically he will work as a Liaison Officer and



will station at emergency control centre during

emergency. He will work under the direction of

Site Controller.

To ensure that the casualties receives adequate

attention at first aid centre, also ensure

additional help if require from government

authorities or outside agencies.

Arrange transport facility for injured personnel

to get timely medical help.

He will also arrange for head count at assembly

points and will inform Site controller.

Also be in touch with the security and other

departments for help.

Will check the roll call from time office for

availability of trained personnel during

emergency situation at the site.

Determine the need to inform statutory

authorities of the accident and fill the necessary

forms for submission with consultation of the

Site Controller.

When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the

relief of personnel as well as inform the families

of injured persons and

Organize refreshments / catering facility.

When emergency declared immediately rushed

to emergency control centre.

Administrative Officer When emergency declared, immediately rushed

to the emergency control centre and establish

contact with Site Main Controller.

Ensure the communication between site



controller and incident controller. Keep

messenger for communication.

Make arrangement to send portable megaphone

and torches to the Incident Controller if

required.

On receiving instructions from Site Controller,

organize transportation for the evacuation of

people from the assembly points.

As per instructions from Site Controller will

inform to head office, insurance surveyor, other

relevant authorities and neighbouring areas.

On getting instructions from site controller /

incident controller, he will be in touch with

other Industries for help in emergency.

Will arrange to announce necessary instructions

for all personnel.

Ensure that telephone operator keeps the

EPABX free to extend possible for incoming

calls.

Ensure that press and other media do not

publish unauthentic news.

Engineering Services

Key Personnel

When emergency declared, immediately

proceed to Emergency Control Centre.

Ensure the availability of electrical wiremen,

utility, maintenance employees and drivers.

Ensure the water supply & electric power

generator in case of power failure.

Be in touch with the site controller / incident

controller to extend help as and when required.

Arrange the vehicle as per required by



administrative /personnel officer.

Security & Fire In-

Charge

On getting instruction from site

controller/incident controller, cordon the

affected area to maintain law and order.

As per instruction from site controller/ incident

controller, arrange to use the fire extinguishers.

Ensure the following duties by security guards.

Stop all vehicles and visitors entering into the

factory, except any government authorities such

as fire brigade, police, factory inspector, medical

staff and inform administrative officer on their

arrival.

If any press reporter and local leader come at

the main gate, take them to administration

office.

Do not allow any vehicle to park at the main gate

or nearby at main road.

Assure that the entrance of the gate is clear for

thorough fare. In similar way control/ guide

internal traffic for smooth operations.

Act according instructions given by personnel

and administrative officer.

Ensure that all essential personnel evacuated

and assembled at assembly points.

Arrange effective security nearby the incident

place

First Aid Attendants As per the instructions given by incident

controller, arrange the supply of additional

emergency related equipment to the incident

place. Give necessary First Aid treatment to the



affected persons immediately.

Inform the personnel and administration officer

regarding the severity of injury and advice for

further medical help if necessary.

Ask for additional trained first-aider, if required.

On arrival of doctor, assist him to give medical

treatment to the affected people.

Safety Officer On hearing emergency siren rush to the spot

and assume the position of incident controller

and take care of the situation till a senior

personnel arrives and on their arrival work with

them in team, extending their own expertise.

Give instructions and guideline to the people

involved in control measures. As well as help in

providing required PPE.

Give instructions to the safety attendants.

Brief the site main controller about the progress

of control measures.

Advise site controller regarding type of help

required from outside.

Give instructions to other department through

internal phones /Communication Officer.

Make arrangement to carry out monitoring

whenever necessary and appraise results to the

concerned seniors.

Driver On getting information from communication

officer remain alert and wait for further

instructions along with Ambulance van to meet

with emergency.

Extend help to shift the injured people from site



of incident to first-aid and if required to hospital

through ambulance / other vehicle.

Electrical /

Utility

Personnel

After getting the information rush to the spot

with necessary personal protective equipment

and if instructed by incident controller cut off

the power supply to the affected area.

Ensure that the D.G. Set is in running condition.

Extend help to the Utility operator in

maintaining adequate supply of water and

others under guidance of supervisors.

Information of Assembly Points

At the time of emergency, non - essential workers, casual workers, visitors and others are to

be replaced to assembly points and separate in charge are nominated. Number of

Assembly points and location are decided based on the layout of the plant.

In case of an emergency, the visitors, contract persons and factory employees will gather at

nearby assembly point. Pre-designated persons will take their roll call. If needed, they can be

evacuated easily through any gate in a short period as per instruction of site main controller.

For outside help, company authority will make a mutual understanding with the following

Authorities to extend their help whenever an emergency occurs:

Doctors from civil hospital

Police station

Fire brigade

Time to time company has to inform/impart training to concerned employees for awareness

about chemicals and its hazards and the precautionary measures on their part. An

emergency guide will be provided to each employee, which gives guidance to him or her

during an emergency.



(B) Off-site Disaster

The main objectives of the off-site emergency plan are:

To save lives and injuries.

To prevent or reduce property losses.

To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.

Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

Prescribes for the constitution of the State Crisis Group as apex body at the State Level to

deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guidance for handling major

chemical accidents. Schedule 7 and Schedule 8 of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency

Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of District

and Local Crisis Groups.

(i) Functions of the State Crisis Group:-

Review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a view to examine its

adequacy in accordance with the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemical rules and forward a report to the central crisis group once in three months.

Assist the state government in managing chemical accidents at a site .

Assist the state government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation of major

chemical accidents at a site in the state.

Continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of a major chemical

accident in the state and forward a report to the central crisis group.

Review the progress report submitted by the district crisis groups.

(ii) Functions of the District Crisis Group:-

Assist the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.

Review all the on-site emergency plans prepared by the occupier of major accident

hazards installation for the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.

Assist the district administration in the management of chemical accidents at a site

lying within the district.



Continuously monitor every chemical accident.

Ensure continuous information flow from the district to the Centre and State Crisis

Group regarding accident situation and mitigation efforts.

Forward a report of the chemical accident within fifteen days to the State Crisis

Group.

Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site each year and

forward a report of the strength and the weakness of the plan to the State Crisis

Group

(iii) Functions of the Local Crisis Group:-

Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket.

Ensure dove tailing of local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan.

Train personnel involved in chemical accident management.

Educate the population likely to be affected in a chemical accident about the

remedies and existing preparedness in the area.

Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six

months and forward a report to the District Crisis Group.

Respond to all public inquiries on the subject

Central Control Committee

As the offsite plan is to be prepared by the Government, a Central Control Committee

Shall be formed under the Chairmanship of the District Collector. Other officers from

police, fire Service, factory inspectorate, medical department shall be incorporated as

Members of the Central Control Committee. Under the Central Control Committee the

following committees shall be constituted under the control of the District Collector.

Incident and Environment Control Committee

Fire Control Committee

Traffic control, law and order, evacuation and rehabilitation committee

Medical help, ambulance and hospital committee

Welfare, restoration and resumption committee

Utility and engineering services committee

Press, publicity and public relations committee



The off-site Emergency Plan shall be prepared by the District Magistrate in consultation

with the factory management and Govt. agencies. The plan contains up-to-date details of

Outside emergency services and resources such as fire services, hospitals, police etc. with

telephone number. The district authorities are to be included in the plan area.

Police Department

Revenue Department

Fire Brigade

Medical Department

Municipality

Gram Panchayat

Railway Department

Telephone Department

Factory Department

Electricity Department

Pollution Control Department

Explosive Department

Press and Media

7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989

AS AMENDED IN 1994 AND 2000:-

By studying accidents occurred in industries in India over a few decades, a specific

legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Government of India in

1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as GOI

rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules employ

certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals.



7.4.1. Safety Precautions for the Storage of Fuel:-

Separately stored with proper enclosures and marked within premises in closed

Shed.

Proper ventilation to be provided.

Sufficient fire extinguishers and PPE to be provided.

Flame proof fittings to be provided.

Smoking to be prohibited.

7.4.2 Identification of Hazards:-

The first step in risk assessment is to identify the types of adverse health effects that can be

caused by exposure to some agent in question, and to characterize the quality and Weight of

evidence supporting this identification.

TABLE-7.3 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS

S.

No.

Hazard Name Operability/ Condition/

Cause and Consequence

Control measures/ Action required

1. Physical hazards

A Fire hazard in

windrow

Composting due to

elevated

Temperatures.

Fire hazard may exist with

composting process as

elevated temperatures and

drying may increase the

potential for Spontaneous

combustion.

Periodic mixing of composting

material and maintenance of the

proper water content should be

done to control windrow compost

Temperature and prevent fires.

A well-designed fire suppression

system with sufficient water

capacity and at sufficient pressures

to adequately control a fire within

the facility and approved by the

local fire authority will be installed.

Portable fire extinguishers and fire

control equipment in proper

working condition, at the operating

area of the facility.



Fire Hazard, Possible causes of fires at

composting facilities

include:-

spontaneous

combustion due to rise

in temperature

Lightning strikes.

Cigarettes,

Build-up of particulate

matter near engine

manifolds and exhaust

pipes of processing

equipment.

Explosion due to build-

up of methane inside

the closed landfill in

lack of adequate

number of gas venting

apparatus.

Unauthorised access to the

premises to be prevented.

Banning lighting cigarettes, fires

onsite

Regular monitoring of the

quantity of gas being vented

Heavy equipment’s

and machinery for

waste tipping

During soil excavation and

compost pile construction,

workers may be seriously

injured or killed by heavy

equipment such as Front-

end loaders and scrapers.

When approaching operating

equipment, the approach should be

made from the front and within

view of the operator, preferably

making eye contact.

Heavy equipment should be

equipped with a backup alarm that

alerts workers.

Rough sharp

waste items

Workers may be exposed

to puncture and cut

hazards to feet

Workers should wear safety boots

with steel shanks to prevent Cuts to

the bottom of the foot. Workers



and hands from rough or

sharp waste material

during composting

operations.

should minimize manual handling of

waste material, and wear cut-

resistant gloves if contact with waste

materials is necessary.

Trip Hazards

due to pipes/

hoses

Trip hazards may exist

with hoses and piping

systems used for Irrigation

of the composting unit.

Workers should exercise caution

when walking over hoses and pipes.

In heavily travelled areas, extra

lighting may be needed to ensure

walkways are adequately illuminated.

Chemical Hazards

Confined

spaces/ covered

compost pads

(CO2, CH4)

Since a closed shed

is proposed for the

compost plant, it may be

considered that the

workers entering the

facility enter a Confined

space.

Elevated levels of

CO2 may accumulate

during composting

process.

It is also typical for

some ammonia gas to be

generated during

composting.

Exposure to

ammonia vapours may

occur, especially during

waste turning operations.

Although aerobic

Prior to each entry into the enclosed

or tented area, the atmosphere within

the tent should be tested to ensure a

safe Atmosphere. If the testing

indicates atmospheric contaminants

or oxygen depletion, a confined-space

entry program should be developed

and implemented.



conditions should be

maintained in the

compost, if anaerobic

conditions are allowed to

develop, methane and

hydrogen sulphide may be

generated.

Inhalation/

ingestion/ skin

contact

Workers may be exposed

to contaminants and

degradation

Products of contaminants.

Exposure may occur via

inhalation/ingestion/skin

contact routes of exposure

during loading, unloading,

pre-processing, tilling,

turning and other

operations where soils are

agitated.

An analysis of the work tasks and

potential for chemical exposure

should be performed to determine

the correct personal protective

equipment (PPE) and/or respirator

cartridge(s), if needed. The analysis

should include obtaining specific

chemical hazard information to

ensure that the PPE specified will be

appropriate for the respective

chemical hazard. Workers may also

use respiratory protection including

the use of an air-purifying respirator

equipped with HEPA (N100, R100,

P100) filters and Organic vapour

cartridges.

Chemical reactions

within the stored

mixed waste.

Some materials used in

composting may be

explosive,

especially when in contact

with other incompatible

materials

(e.g. ammonium nitrate

Workers should minimize contact

with acidic or corrosive chemical

materials by using mechanical

chemical delivery methods.

Where contact is required,

workers should wear gloves (e.g.

nitrile) and other personal



and fuels). Others may be

hygroscopic, which may

result in chemical

reactions.

protective equipment that is

resistant to the Materials handled.

All chemical reagents used in

composting should be segregated

to prevent accidental mixing of

reactive chemicals, especially

Ammonium nitrate fertilizers and

fuels.

Biological Hazards

Allergies from

pathogen and

airborne dust

During dry and windy

periods microbe-entrained

dusts may become

airborne from soil

agitation.

- Exposure to mold spores,

including Aspergillus

fumigates and

thermophyllic

actinomyctes, may occur

during composting

operations.

- Inhalation of pathogenic

microbes may cause

allergic

Reactions or illness.

Periodic application of water to the

active area.

Personal protective equipment,

such as rubber gloves, should b

used.

Respiratory protection (e.g. air-

purifying respirator with HEPA

(N100, R100, P100)

filter/cartridge) may be used during

dusty periods.

Pests/ bugs at Site Workers may be exposed

to a wide array of

biological hazards,

including snakes, bees,

wasps, massive fly

Workers should be informed of

the potential for snakes and other

animals around the compost

facility, especially during cooler

periods.



hatches, ticks, hornets, and

rodents which get

attracted to the higher

temperatures associated

with composting

operations and other

hideout warm places.

Periodic inspections of the site

should be performed to identify

stinging insect nests and for the

presence of snakes. Professional

exterminating companies should

be consulted for their removal.

7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS

7.5.1 Fire Hazard: - The following activities and precautions will be taken in order to

prevent fire mishaps and to manage emergency situations during the operational phase of

the project: -

Fire protection equipment i.e. fire extinguishers shall be provided at the site.

It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent

Smoke inhalation.

Maintenance of fire fighting equipment will be ensured by concerned person

At project site.

Cover nose and mouth with wet and clean cloth as it prevents smoke inhalation.

Avoid running around in the MSW facility as it leads to inhaling of more poisonous

Gases.

Ensure strict compliance to the evacuation plan and assist others to escape the site.

7.5.2 Natural Disaster: -

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslide etc pose an eminent threat

to the proposed project. As there is no way of avoiding such disasters, the following measures

can be adopted in case of such occurrences.

Natural disaster Action

Extreme weather conditions such

as tornado or storm

Maintain correspondence with local

Meteorological departments to have enough.

Take shelter in facilities without windows.



Earthquake Stay indoors and move to central parts of the

building. People staying outdoor should stay

outdoor and avoid being in near vicinity to any

building or facility.

In case of spread of toxic fumes from sanitary.

Flood Landfill, close doors, windows and seal any cracks

or gaps in the buildings.

Turn off electricity to reduce risk of Electrocution.

Decontaminate flooded rooms.

Carry out official instruction over the radio or by

loudspeaker.

Landslides These are likely during monsoon or in heavy down

pour conditions. The site conditions around the

landfill should be identified for such events if

occurred earlier and accordingly precautionary

measures need to be taken during such events. The

hierarchical set up needs to be planned to take

action immediately so that the District Magistrate

and other local authorities may be informed to

take control of the situation.

7.5.3 Electrical Accidents: -

The electrical accidents may occur due to malfunctioning of electrical machinery or due

mishap resulting due to short circuits in the LT/HT (high Tension /Low Tension) section of

the landfill unit. Also another possibility of electrical accidents is due to leakage of moisture or

water during rains when there is ingress of water or moisture due to failure of the enclosure

or cover over the electrical apparatus or at distribution point or at the receiving section of

HT/LT cable.

The electrical accidents may cause secondary accidents such as fire or burns to the

operator/s of the equipment or machinery. To avoid such incidents, regular maintenance of

electrical wiring/LT/HT section and distribution panel/s may be done periodically as



recommended by competent person. Also a certificate to that effect may be kept in display

for information of all. The safety aspects as covered under safety requirements as prescribed

by the concerned safety inspector need to be followed up for prevention of such accidents.

7.5.4 Environmental & Health Aspects:-

There are potential risks to environment and health from improper handling of solid wastes.

Direct health risks concern mainly the workers in this field, who need to be protected, as far

as possible, from contact with wastes. For the general public, the main risks to health are

indirect and arise from the breeding of disease vectors, primarily flies and rats.

7.5.4.1 Environmental Aspects:-

The most obvious environmental damage caused by municipal solid wastes is aesthetic, the

ugliness of street litter and degradation of the urban environment and beauty of the

landscape. More serious, however, and often unrecognised, is the transfer of pollution to

water, ground water. Air pollution can be caused from the inefficient burning of wastes,

either in open air, or in plants that lack effective treatment facilities from the gaseous

effluents. The generation of stinking odour around the site is a major source of discomfort

amongst the inhabitants. The local wind conditions may aggravate this problem further.

7.5.4.2 Health Aspects:-

Epidemiological studies have shown that a high percentage of workers who handle refuse,

and of individuals who live near or on disposal sites, are infected with gastrointestinal

parasites, worms and related organisms. Contamination of this kind is likely at all points

where waste is handled. A major adverse impact is due to the attraction of rodents and

vector insects for which it provides food and shelter. Further the decomposing matter in the

landfill is the beehive for flies and other insects and disease vectors such as cholera, typhoid,

dysentery, malaria, jaundice and other communicable diseases particularly skin problems,

nausea, vomiting , headaches induced in the inhabitants around the site.

Project proponent carries out the following checks to curb the problem:

Pre - employment medical check-up at the time of employment.

Annual medical check-up for all employees.

First aid training for to the employees.



Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure to be

carried out at frequent intervals, the records of which to be documented.

Mitigation measure -

All precautionary measures should be taken to avoid foreseeable accidents like spillage, Fire

and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such accident and to combat any

emergency at site level. Some of the preventive safety measures to be taken to minimize the

risk of accident with respect to technical safety, organizational safety and personal safety are

listed below:

All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in

Compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety.

Safety features such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant system and suitable Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE) to be provided. Regular operations and testing of fire

extinguishers to be carried out.

Training of workers and staff to be given for safe waste, fire fighting, first aid and

integrating safety, in all activities.

Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the same to

be done for better awareness.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like goggles, safety shoes, helmet, apron,

earplugs, facemask & clothing to be provided to employees as per the job

requirements.

7.5.4.3 Leachate and Storm Water Management during Monsoon

Leachate treatment plant is designed to accept excess leachate generated during the

monsoon period.

A very critical aspect in wastewater management would be minimization of

generation of leachate/ wastewater.

To minimize the same we propose to keep a maximum portion of the landfill covered

especially during the monsoon, thus minimizing the generation of leachate.

Water collected in the pond shall be tested for storm water quality parameters and if

it meets the discharge standards shall be discharged, otherwise the same Shall be

considered as leachate and sent to the leachate treatment plant.



7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:-

It is not possible to envisage and detail every action, which should be taken during an

emergency. The basic philosophy is to get key personnel of necessary discipline who

have the knowledge and background to assess the situation and give directions as per

the objectives as quickly as possible.

The plan identifies the services/departments required to combat emergencies and

also identifies the key persons to discharge the duties.

Key personnel have been identified for emergencies and are responsible for

providing necessary assistance.

Messages via telephones are restricted to key personnel only. This is required to keep

the telephones free for key personnel to contact for necessary feed-back.

Senior person who arrives on scene is automatically in charge for the service group.

He should not leave the site without entrusting the charge to his deputy. All the key

personnel should be available at the main control room. All key personnel of other

services to report to main site controller, whom to coordinate between various

departments and outside agencies

Personal Protective Equipment

Face masks

Hand gloves

Gum boots

Goggles

Helmets

Safety belts

Aprons

Equipment list

Internal / External telephone

Portable alarm

Torches

Emergency cupboard with necessary PP

******



CHAPTER - VIII

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management project at pachiyari Kothiya Village, by

Deoghar Nagar Nigam. The proposed integrated MSW processing and disposal facility will be

established to handle about 200 TPD.

8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION

The proposed project will have direct and indirect economic benefits in form of

employment, development of ancillaries, establishment of service facilities, development

of telecom and transportation facilities. Besides the compost production would add to the

revenue to the operator of the landfill. The production of compost shall also enhance the

crop productivity and improvement in the soil texture and enhancement of soil nutrients

The compost produced from the composting pads and vermin composting unit can be

used as soil conditioner that improve soil quality. This compost has the ability to help

regenerate poor soil by increasing nutrient content in soil and retain moisture.

The following benefits are being envisioned:-

Use of compost produced as manure to the crops.

Generation of revenue through the sale of compost produced from the MSW

processing and disposal facility.

8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL

Landfills minimize the natural impact of solid waste on the environment by the

following ways:-

Isolation of inert waste through containment

Elimination of polluting pathways



8.4. RECYCLING

A number of recyclable materials, for example paper, glass, plastic, rubber, ferrous and non-

ferrous metals present in the MSW are suitable for recovery and reuse. This will benefit rag

pickers.

8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:

The proposed project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio economic

Environment. It helps sustain the development of this area including further development of

physical infrastructural facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities will improve

due to proposed project.

Road transport facilities

Housing facilities

Water supply and sanitation

Power

8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Agriculture & plantation are one of the basic sectors of employment for the local people in

this area. The project will lead to indirect and direct employment opportunity. Employment

is expected during operation period, garbage lifting and other ancillary Services.

Employment in these sectors will be temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled

labour will be more. A major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who

are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will

enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

8.7 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

In this project number of skilled and unskilled local workers will be employed. The project

will generate direct and indirect employment. Preference will be given to the local people for

employment based on their educational qualifications and experience. Manpower

requirement for the proposed project will be approx. 200 -250 people during operation

phase. The labourers will also get trainings for skill development. The local people will also

be preferred for contract jobs during operational stages of the project.



8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS

Benefit to the Urban Local Body: Due to implementation of this project, the ULB of

Pachiyari Kothiya village will comply with the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules

2016, wherein it

has been stated that the ULBs are responsible for scientific collection, transportation,

Segregation and disposal of municipal solid waste within this limits.

Organised Collection of MSW: The systematic collection, transportation, segregation and

disposal of the municipal wastes will lead to an organized, accountable and reliable

mechanism of disposal of waste.

Compost Facility: The segregated waste will have composting facility (to obtain composted

fertilizer), Refuse Derived Fuel (as a source of alternative fuel from waste), which otherwise

would have been wasted if dumped indiscriminately.

Environmental Benefits: Regular monitoring of the surrounding will keep the area

environmentally safe and under any adverse circumstance, immediate measures will be

taken and enacted upon.

The overall effect will improve buying power of employees and thus a higher standard of

living viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities housing and acquisition

of consumer durable. This is envisaged as a major positive benefit.

*****



CHAPTER – IX

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the

project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner.

This EMP also describes the role and responsibilities of staff supervising the project from

Head office, personnel deployed at the project site and contractors, if any, who will be

responsible for implementing this EMP.

Environmental and Social Management Cell

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental Management

Cell (EMC) will be established for the project.

The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows

To implement the environmental management plan.

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations.

To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices.

To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict compliance to the

EMP.

To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule.

Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case

monitored results are above the specified limit.

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable

environmental laws as ready reference.

Maintain environmental related records.

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Although the impacts on the environment during the construction phase would be

temporary in nature and are expected to culminate on completion of the construction

activities, implementation of management plans for various environmental attributes

will further reduce the impact in terms of its spread, duration and intensity.



TABLE-9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

S.N. Potential impacts Mitigation measures

1. Fugitive emission from

construction activity.

Wet suppression will be applied to all inactive

disturbed surface areas on a daily basis especially

during dry and windy days.

Limited vehicular movement will be permitted on disturbed soils Vehicle speeds on unpaved roads will be restricted

25 kmph;

Contractors will be required to maintain valid Pollution under Control certificates issued by Transport Department and proper maintenance records for their fleet; Haul trucks will be covered with suitable covering material like tarpaulin sheets to prevent fugitive emissions during transportation of construction materials.

2. Noise due to Construction

activities (such as excavation,

grading, erecting equipment,

piling, etc)

The construction areas to be provided with sheet

barriers or temporary walls along the boundary

close to any habitations;

Rubber padding to be provided in the construction

machinery for vibration control;

Regular maintenance of its vehicles and repair of its

equipment/ machinery will be undertaken;

3. Potential run-off from site

and percolation of used oil/

oil and grease generated

from the vehicles.

Contamination of surface and

groundwater resources

Awareness on optimal water consumption will be

provided to the labourers.

Garland drains will be constructed to prevent the

runoff from stockpiles generated during excavation;

An impervious cover will be provided over the

adjacent storm water drain to prevent the surface

runoff carrying the construction waste materials/



other pollutants to enter the drain.

4. Removal of flora at site due

to clearing of vegetation

The area has devoid of dense vegetation only weeds

& grasses are removed from the site. No vegetation

to be removed from area outside the project site

boundary.

33% Compensatory afforestation will be done in

fixed area.

5. Disruption of traffic and

marginal increase in

potential for traffic related.

Movement of traffic entering the site shall be

properly managed to ensure minimum disturbance

to community;

Dedicated entry and exit points to be provided

within the Site.

6. Occupational Health and

Safety.

The construction staff and contractors involved in

the construction activities will be trained on the

necessary precaution and safety practices prior to

commencement of construction activity;

All required Personal Protection Equipment will be

used by the workers at site and their use to be

supervised;

Proper signage will be provided in places of

excavated areas;

Workers will be provided with required PPEs and

first aid to be used at site;



TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IN OPERATIONAL PHASE

S.N. Component Potential impact identified Suggested Management Plan

1. Ambient Air

Quality

Vehicular emissions

Dust and particulates Emissions

Gas emission

Internal roads will be concreted / asphalted to reduce dust emissions;

All the trucks bringing waste to the site will be covered throughout their

transportation route;

Thick green belt will be provided along the internal roads and plant

boundary which will limit the spread of dust and odour;

Proper gas management plan.

Post closure monitoring of ambient air quality at site should be undertaken

as per the requirements of MSW Rules, 2016.

2. Soil Quality Contamination of soil due to

Leachate.

Spillage from vehicles and used

oil from DG set

Design parameters for facility already include impermeable concrete

windrow pad, drainage network, leachate collection and treatment system.

Ensure that the surface runoff from paved areas are collected in storm

water drains and does not flow to landscaped areas;

It is recommended that the closed landfill should have provisions for HDPE

Liner beneath it to check leachate percolation into soil and ground water.

3. Ambient Noise

Quality

Potential increase in noise levels in

adjoining areas due operating

Acoustic enclosures, rubber paddings and linings will be provided for all

noise producing equipment’s such as shredders, DG sets etc.



equipment’s.

Impact on avifaunal species

due to increased noise

Trees with heavy foliage and Green belt of 6m width in 3 rows to serve as

acoustic barriers;

Proper maintenance of machineries such as diesel and exhausts silencers,

lubrication of conveyer trolleys, etc.

Working hours of the workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated;

Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those

working very close to the noise generating machinery;

Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and at nearby receptors will be

carried out to ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation &

Control) Rules 2000.

4. Water

Resources and

Quality

Fresh water demand of the

Project.

Inadequate management of

Storm water.

Leachate generation from

windrows compost pads,

mixed waste storage pits and

closed landfill

Recycling and reuse of leachate will be carried out to minimize fresh water

requirement.

Provisions to be made for rainwater harvesting from rooftop, paved areas

and landscaping areas.

Leachate from the waste tipping areas will be collected separately and

conveyed via leachate collection drain up to leachate collection sump

Quality of groundwater should be monitored and analysed against IS

10500standards for drinking water prior to use.



5. Traffic &

Transport

Increase in traffic volume A proper traffic management plan will be implemented to mitigate adverse

impacts, if any on existing traffic and transport scenario.

6. Ecology Disturbance to local birds

and small mammals in the

adjoining areas

A green belt will be developed along the periphery of the proposed

project which will limit noise reaching outside the project boundary and

provide habitat to small birds and mammals;

Native species and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of 4 × 4-

m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil;

Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree

plantation may not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to

prevent erosion of topsoil.

7. Socioeconomic

aspect

Disturbance to community due to

increased noise levels, odour, air

emissions and

traffic. More employment

Opportunities Formalization of

ragpickers Participatory role of

Residents Improve aesthetics of area

Good Waste Handling practices will be implemented which will greatly

reduce foul smell and reduce impact from odours.

Vehicles/ trucks moving through community roads will be covered and

the operations will be restricted to day time.

Maximum efforts will be made to provide job opportunities to local

residents during construction and operation phase.

Awareness campaigns to be organized emphasizing the need of sorting at

source, waste collection and participatory role of residents in waste

management in an area.



Besides the above management measures for various environmental and social

parameters,

Detailed Management Plans have also been formulated.

BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

S. No. Particulars

Capital cost (In Rs.)

Annual recurring cost (in Rs.)

Proposed Proposed

1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-

2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-

3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-

4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-

5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-

6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-

Total 28.0/- 19.0/-

9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Leachate Management Plan

Leachate will be generated in various waste handling areas of the facility such as waste

collection pit, Windrow platforms, pit washing and closed landfill area due to natural

process of decomposition of Organic waste. Prevention measures will be implemented to

avert its percolation and polluting soil and groundwater.

Management Measures

In order to facilitate unhindered composting process even during rainy season, a

covered roof shed process yard has been planned with suitable support PEB structures.

Generated leachate will be re-circulated back to processing.

Leachate collection sump will be provided for collection of leachate from the

windrows. The leachate from the sump will be pumped back onto the windrows to

maintain required moisture content (i.e. 60%) and to make use of enzymes present in

the leachate. The overflow from the leachate sump will flow into solar evaporation

tank.



9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Greenbelt has been planned in the periphery of the proposed project site which along

with the other planned green areas within the site, will cover about 33 % of the total

project area. The closed landfill cover will also be provided with green vegetation. The

development of a greenbelt will help in noise attenuation and also to arrest particulate

pollution to a small extent. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break

the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle. The plant species

suitable for greenbelt development need to be selected based on the following criteria:

Fast growing, non-edible perennial plants.

ability to thrive on low-nutrient soil

Thick canopy cover;

Large leaf area index;

High sink potential;

Efficient in absorbing pollutants without significantly affecting their growth; and

Suitable for the local seasons.

Methodology

In order to assure proper greenbelt development, following management plan will be

adopted:

Greenbelt shall be constructed in 5m-6m width in 3 rows around the plant

periphery.

Healthy and established sapling having 1m height will be selected for planting in

greenbelt to avoid mortality.

Pit measurements of 0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.6 m will be dug up at desired point in

triangular pattern at an interval of 2m × 2m and shall be filled with topsoil, Farm

Yard Manure (FYM) and vermin-compost.

The pit should be filled with mixture of cow dung manure and soil in ratio of 1: 4.10

gm BHC of 10% concentration should be properly mixed with the soil and manure to

kill the termites and insect.



Spacing of at least 3 m between the saplings of tall shrubs and dwarf trees in the first

row, 6-7m space between medium trees in middle row and 8-10 m spacing in the

rear rows of tall trees will be maintained.

Close plantation is recommended for accommodating more number of trees per unit

area resulting in more leaf surface.

Post-Plantation Care

Watering at least once a week during dry spells.

Organic fertilizer and manure.

Weeding thrice in the first year and twice a year, during the subsequent two years

and soil working

Plugging and mulching.

Protection from pests.

Pruning and thinning

PROPOSED PLANTATION- About 32111 Sqm (3.20 Ha) areas will be covered under the

greenbelt all around the site boundary. Proposed greenbelt is 33.6 % of Total Land. Approx.

3000 plant will be planted within project boundary.

TABLE NO-9.3 PROPOSED PLANTED SPECIES

Sr. No. Local Name of proposed

planted species.

Botanical Name

1 Karanj Pongamia Pinnata

2 Neem Azadirachta indica

3 Sirish Albizia lebbeck

4 Amaltas Cassia fistula

5 Gulmohar Delonix regia

6 Palash Butea monosperma

7 Peepal Ficus religious

8. Sagwan Tectona grandis



9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) is applicable for all project

operations which have the potential to adversely affect the health and safety of

construction workers, MSW facility operators and other labours.

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) have been formulated to

address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed

project activities particularly during waste handling and segregation, waste unloading,

processing and disposal.

Management Measures

Providing workers with appropriate protective clothing, gloves, respiratory face masks

and slip-resistant shoes for waste transport workers and hard-soled safety shoes for all

workers.

The workplace shall be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting

equipment. The equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained in good

working condition.

Providing adequate personnel facilities, including washing areas and areas to change

clothes before and after work.

All the employees shall be required to undergo a medical check-up before joining the

facility.

First aid facilities required to attend immediately for meeting emergency situations

shall be made available at the facility.

Community Health & Safety Management Plan

The Community Health & Safety Management Plan shall be applicable construction as

well as operation phase so as to minimize adverse impacts on health and safety of

nearby community.



Management Measures

Efforts will be made for best housekeeping practices within the project site, so that no water

get accumulated in small depressions or low lying areas or within any empty tanks,

containers, tyres or debris , which can become breeding areas for mosquitoes. To minimize

odour generation from the facility, maximum efforts will be put in to maintain aerobic

conditions in the windrows to facilitate decomposing of biodegradable waste in oxygen rich

environment, thereby minimizing chances of production of odorous gases like methane,

ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Regular monitoring of ambient air quality and noise levels

will be undertaken in and around the facility.

Socio Economic development activities under Corporate Environment Responsibility

(CER)

CER is management‘s commitment to operate the project in an economically, socially and

environmentally sustainable manner it includes social environment development activities

required by the nearby villagers. The tentative budget allocation for CER activities are given

below:

TABLE NO-9.4 PROPOSED CER ACTIVITY

S. No Description

Amount to be

spent (Rs.in Lakhs)

C R

1 Promoting Education (providing infrastructure like

construction of additional class rooms, furniture etc

Entrepreneurship development & job creation in nearby area)

18.2/- 1.82/-

2 Health Care (Performing free Cataract surgeries,

Infrastructure support to area Govt. Hospitals like providing

bed and equipment for treatment etc., Conducting Health

camps and Providing medicines.)

10/- 1.0/-

3 Environment care (taking up avenue plantation, Plantation in

communities, providing solar power/ lights, rain water

20/- 2.0/-



harvesting etc)

4 Rural Development (laying roads, construction of drains,

community halls, other infrastructure for development of

surrounding villages, Supply of drinking water, construction/

installation community toilets for male & female in nearby

areas.)

20/- 2.0/-

5 Awareness programme organized for increase yield of crop and

fodder for nearby villagers & skill development organizations

in getting employments in industries.

6.2/- 0.62/-

G. Total 74.4/- 7.44/-

Note- As per OM No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 01/05/2018 regarding “Corporate Environment Responsibility” (CER), project has to contribute 2% of the Capital Investment; the company will contribute Rs. 74.4 Lakhs as funds for CER activities.

====*******===



CHAPTER – X

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

This project is an integrated municipal solid waste management project and proposed for

the setting up of processing facilities and sanitary landfill facility. The proposed project is

planned in accordance to the solid waste management rules 2016 and it consists of waste

collection system, segregation facility, waste processing unit and a sanitary landfill.

The objective of the project study is to design an integrated solid waste management

system in Deoghar city while redesigning & improving the existing solid waste

management system in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.

The proposed project is to set up a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility to cater to

the needs of municipal waste disposal facility for Deoghar town. The Nagar Nigam

Deoghar, which is the urban local body (ULB) responsible for collection, transportation

and disposal system, has realized that the existing waste collection and disposal facility is

insufficient for the town on qualitative and quantitative aspects. In order to comply with

Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, the Nagar Nigam

Deoghar has proposed to set up a waste collection system, segregation facility, waste

processing unit and a sanitary landfill

10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Identification of project-

Management of solid waste is of growing concern to the general public at large, local

authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is

exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an

economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and hence, wastes generation.

The Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve the existing SWM

practices in the Country. In regards of this Deoghar Nagar Nigam proposed to setup an

Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at

village Pachiyari Kothiya district Deoghar Jharkhand. Refer Annexure-II for land

documents & Khasra detail of the project.



Identification of project proponent

Applicant Authorize signatory

Deoghar Nagar Nigam,

Address- Court Road, P.O.: Deoghar,

Dist - Deoghar, PIN- 814112, Jharkhand,

Phone no: - 0643-2232786

Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh

(Municipal Commissioner)

Phone no. - +91 9430870358

Email – [email protected]

TABLE-10.1: SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT


A. Nature of the Project Integrated Municipal Solid Waste processing

Facility

B. Size of the Project

1. Expected Waste Quantity 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86 TPD by 2027 and

206.04 TPD by 2037.

2. Composting 90TPD

3. RDF Processing Plant Capacity 110 TPD

4. Sanitary Landfill Design Life of Landfill is 20 Years (2017 to 2037)

C Location Details

1. Village Pachiyari Kothiya

2. Tehsil Deoghar

3. District Deoghar

4. State Jharkhand.

D Environmental Settings of the Area

1. Ecological Sensitive Areas No National park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve

Wild life corridor, Tiger /elephant reserve exists

in the 10 Km radius.

2. River / water body S.No Name Distance

(Km)

Direction







3 Kutaniya Nadi 7.8 SW

4 Chhauuri

Nihan Nadi

8.0 NW




8 Chandan

River

8.1 NE

9 Jhajhajor Nala 5.4 NE

10 Chhatimi Nadi 1.5 NE

11 Karankol Nala 11.8 SSE

3. Nearest Town / City Deoghar (5.74 Km in S direction from project

site).

4. Nearest Railway Station Nearest Railway station is Baidyanathdham

railway station which is 5.78 Km in South

direction, & Deoghar Junction is about 3.26 Km in

South direction from project site.

5. Nearest Airport Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from

project site.

6. State Boundary The project falls under interstate boundary

(Bihar) which is about 2.65 Km in NNW direction

from project site.

7. Seismic Zone District Deoghar falls within Seismic zone-III

which is classified as the medium damage risk

zone.

E Cost Details

1. Estimated Project Cost 3721.07/- Lakhs




F Requirements of the Project

1. Water Requirement 18.5KLD

2. Workers in Construction

Phase

Around 45

3. Workers in Operation Phase 15-16 on site (about 200-250 temporary

employees will be hired for primary collection,

transportation and miscellaneous jobs .

10.3 NEED OF PROJECT

Govt. of India has launched Swachh Bharat Mission to improve the environment, sanitation

condition, and SWM services etc. in all ULB of India. Municipal solid waste management is

the need of the day to keep the city clean and improve the hygienic condition and

environment of the town.

There is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for the natural

decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore they are

prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides becoming

breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause unsanitary

condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime requirement in

the area.

10.4 LAND DETAILS

The project is will be developed as Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing & Disposal

Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56

Acre, Thana number 242, Khata No 58, District-Deoghar, Jharkhand.



TABLE 10.2: LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY

S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in

acres

Area in %

1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7


3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2


5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5

6. Reserved for Septage

management plant

12990 3.21 13.6

Total 95364 23.56 100

10.5DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE FACILITY:-

Water Requirement

Construction Phase- During construction phase water will be require about 5 KLD which

will be brought from PHED water supply.

Operational Phase- Total water requirement in the project during operational phase will be

about 18.5KLD. ( in KLD)

S.N. Utility Water requirement Waste water

generation

Remarks

1

Domestic 1.0 0.8 Sent to septic

tank/soak pit

2 Floor washing /Vehicle

maintenance shed

5.0 4.5 Treated in ETP

3 Process water 8.0 4.5 Recirculate in process

4 Green belt 2.5 -

5 Dust suppression 2.0 -

Total 18.5 9.8

Total fresh water requirement 10.0 KLD

Total recycle of water 8.5 KLD



Power requirement

The details of the power and fuel required for running DG sets for emergency use during power

Failure is given in below-

Details Capacity Remarks

Power Requirement 280 KVA Source- supplied from JVVNL

Manpower requirement: - In construction phase about 45 people will get employment & in

operation phase required manpower is 200-250.

10.6 BASELINE MONITORING STATUS

The baseline environmental monitoring was carried out during post monsoon of year

October 2018 to December 2018. The predominant wind direction during study period was

W to E. The various environmental components which are thoroughly studied during the

study period include:

Water Environment (surface and ground water)

Air Environment

Noise Environment

Biological Environment

Socio- Economic Environment

10.6.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT- The assessment of present status of water quality within

the study area was conducted by collecting water from ground & surface water sources

during the period of October to December 2018. Four ground water samples and four

surface water samples were collected during the study period. Interpretation result of water

are given below-

It is observe that the pH of the ground water samples are range from 6.9 to 7.7,

which is between the acceptable pH limit for drinking water.

The concentration of Total dissolve solides (TDS) are in the range of 462mg/l to 976

mg/l which falls in permissible category stipulated by Bureau of Indian standards.



The desirable limit for total dissolved solids as per IS-10500 Standards is 500 mg/l

whereas the permissible limit in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l.

Total hardness of the ground water sample observed in the range of 188 to 398 mg/l

as CaCO3. The desirable limit is 200 mg/l and permissible limit is 600 mg/l.

Fluoride Concentration is between 0.4 to 1.1 mg/l. The desirable limit of 1 mg/l and

permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l.

chlorides Concentration is between 42 to 149 mg/l. The desirable limit of 250mg/l

and permissible limit of 1000 mg/l.

10.6.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

PM10 level in the study area:

PM10 value recorded during the study period ranges between 48.62 µg/m3 to 77.00 µg/m3.

PM2.5 level in the study area:

PM2.5 value recorded during the study period ranges between 27.13 µg/m3 to 51.41µg/m3.

SO2 level in the study area:-

SO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 7.08µg/m3 to 11.00µg/m3.

NO2 level in the study area:-

NO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 16.13 µg/m3 to 31.52 µg/m3.

CO level in the study area: CO value recorded during the study period ranges between

0.23 mg/m3 to 1.01 mg/m3.

Conclusion

From the baseline monitoring result, it is observed that the monitored parameters (PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NO2,) are within the permissible limits as per NAAQS, 2009 during the study

period.



10.6.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00 am to 10.00 pm and night noise levels

during 10.00 pm to 6.00 am, at all the 8 locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.

During the study period ambient noise level were monitored and observed maximum level

was: 54.5 dB (A) recorded during day time at Deoghar Village & minimum was 35.3dB (A)

recorded during night time in Ghirudia Villages.

10.6.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological

status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the

probable impacts on the biological environment. There is no national parks wild life

sanctuary in the study area. No Threat & endangered species found in the core & buffer

zone.

10.6.5 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Total population of the study area is 65676 persons. Out of which 34389 are male and 31287

are female. SC total population is 13489 out of which 6992 are male and 6497 are female.

Literacy Rate is the amount of people in a country with the ability to read and write. The

analysis of the literacy levels is done in the study area. Literacy in any region is key for

socio-economic progress and the Indian literacy rate grew to 59.36% in 2011.

10.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN

Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, building works,

infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities. The impacts due to

construction activities are short term and are limited to the construction phase. The impacts

will be mainly on air quality, water quality, soil quality and socio-economics, necessary

control measures will be taken to minimize the impacts.

During the operation phase of the proposed project there would be impacts on the air

Environment, water environment, Land environment and socio-economic aspects. The Main

sources of air pollution are as follows.

Area source emissions from landfill operations.

Point source emissions from Incinerator, DG set.



TABLE 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

S.No Potential Impact Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP


Frequency of Monitoring

9) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill areas

VOC, H2S, Methane & CO2

EC norms given by MoEF&CC and CPCB protocol.

Stack emissions from DG sets

As per CTE conditions PM, SO2, NOx

AAQ within the Project premises.

As per NAAQ Standards

All vehicles to be PUC Certificate.

Vehicle logs to be maintained

Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temp., relative Humidity and rainfall.

10) Noise Noise generated from operations to be monitored

Spot noise level recording

Periodic during operation phase Once in month by third party

11) Wastewater Discharge (leachate)


pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and Oil & grease (heavy metals, if required)

Daily at regular intervals Once in a month by third party

12) Solid waste/Hazardous Waste

Check compliance to SWM rules

Quality & quantity monitoring

Periodically / CPCB norms.

13) Ground Water Quality

Monitoring ground water quality, through piezometers

As per CPCB guidelines

Periodically & as Per CPCB norms.

14) Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

No. of plants, species

Once a year

15) Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around

Physico-chemical parameters and Heavy Metals.

Once a year

16) Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant parameters (BP, HIV, Chest X-ray, Eye vision, etc.) and HIV for workers

Regular check-ups as per Factories act.



10.8 RISK ANALYSIS

The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major

hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may

lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health.

All necessary measures to minimize the risk due to the proposed project will be taken

during design stage and also during operation period viz. fire & safety control measures,

Emergency preparedness plan, disaster management plan, etc.

10.9. PROJECT BENEFITS

From the proposed project the major benefits, include improving the degraded environment

by establishing Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility.

It will be the showcase for other states for management of solid waste with

Additional benefit of green and clean environment.

It minimizes the pollution load on environment from municipal solid waste.

Compliance with prescribed regulatory norms which in turn avert the risk of closure

on account of violation of rules.

It reduces the number of Municipal Solid Waste dump sites in the area and also

eliminates the pollution potential.

The management of wastes is relatively easier & economically viable at common

facility.

Cost of environmental monitoring is less at common facility.

Prevention of natural resource contamination thereby improving overall

environmental status of the region.

10.8. Environment Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development

in the area of the proposed project site. Hence, it needs proper Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) to meet these objectives. The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan is

to minimize the potential environmental impacts from the project and to mitigate the

adverse impacts. Details of Environment Management Plan are given in Table 10.5.



TABLE 10.5 MITIGATION MEASURE PROPOSED DURING OPERATION PERIOD

Air Quality

Management

Incinerator will be provided with a stack height meeting

guidelines, spray dryer, venturi scrubber, wet scrubber etc.

DG set will be provided with a stack height meeting guidelines

or 1 m above the tallest structure in the project area for proper

dispersion of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.

Internal roads will be concreted/asphalted to reduce dust

emissions.

Speed restriction will be followed within the project and speed

breakers will be provided at entry and exit points.

Gas management system in landfill will be provided.

Green belt will be provided along the internal roads and plant

Boundary.

Odour Control Dilution of odourant by odour counteraction or neutralize by

spraying Ecosorb (organic and biodegradable chemical) around

odour generation areas at regular intervals.

Covering the landfill area under operation daily with layer of

earth, clay or a similar material.

Covering by using heavy duty hessian, plastics and foams odour

Can be minimized.

Gas Management To minimize the gas generation in the landfill, the organic

based waste will be diverted to incineration to the maximum

extent Possible.

To manage the gas generated a venting system with flaring

Arrangement will be provided, if the gas generation is more it

will be directed to canteen.

Water Quality

Mitigation

Measures

The leachate generated from landfill will be collected into

leachate collection wells.

The leachate collected will be sprayed back into landfill for dust

Suppression etc. the excess if any will be disposed off.



The domestic wastewater will be collected and treated in septic

Tank/soak pit or portable STP and reused for greenbelt.

The effluent from floor washings, workshop etc. will be

collected, treated in O&G trap, settling tank and recycle back

for dust suppression etc.

Noise

Mitigation

Measures

Acoustic enclosure will be provided for all the high noise

Generating equipment.

All the design/installation precautions as specified by the

manufacturers with respect to noise control are strictly

adhered to major noise generating sources are insulated

adequately by Providing suitable enclosures.

Other than the regular maintenance of various equipment, ear

Plugs are provided to the personnel close to the noise

generating units.

All the openings like covers, partitions are designed properly.

Solid Waste

Mitigation

Measures

The ash coming from incineration plant area will be used as

daily cover in landfill.

The sludge generated in the leachate pond will be sent to land

fill.

Occupational

Health & Safety

Periodic health check-up for early detection and control of

communicable diseases.

Will provide preventive measures for potential fire hazards

with requisite fire detection, fire fighting facilities and

adequate water storage etc.

Provide regular training for workers in their respective fields.

******



CHAPTER – XI

CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Wolkem Consultancy Services (A Division of Wolkem India Limited) has been associated

with mineral /mining projects located in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala

for Wollastonite, Calcite, Limestone, China Clay and Soapstone deposits.

The Wolkem Consultancy Services (WCS) is accredited by NABET under “A”& “B” Category

for Sectors namely -

S.

No.

S. No. as

per

NABET

Name of Sector Category

Sector No.

(MoEF & CC

Notification dt.

September

14,2006 &

Amendments)

I. 1 Mining of minerals including opencast /

underground mining

“A”

1 (a) (i)

II. 7 Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration,

development & production

“A”

1 (b)

III. 8 Mineral beneficiation “A” 2 (b)

IV. 9 Chlor-alkali industry “A” 4 (d)

V. 16 Pesticides industry and pesticide specific

intermediates (excluding formulations)

“A” 5 (b)

VI. 17 Petro-chemical complexes (industries based

on processing of petroleum fractions &

natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics)

“A” 5 (c)



WIL laboratory is well equipped quality lab having sophisticated equipment’s. It is

accredited by NABL (Certificate No T 5941 Issue date 21/07/2017 & Valid 20/07/2019)

and also recognized by MoEF &CC.

***

VII. 21 Petrochemical based processing (processes

other than cracking & reformation and not

covered under the complexes)

“A” 5 (e)

VIII. 21

Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes &

dye intermediates; bulk drugs and

intermediates excluding drug formulations;

synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,

other synthetic organic chemicals and

chemical intermediates)

“A” 5 (f)

IX. 34

Highways B

7 (f)

X. 36

Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) B

7 (h)

XI. 37 Common Municipal Solid Waste Management

Facility (CMSWMF)

B 7 (i)

XII. 38

Building and construction projects B 8 (a)

XIII. 39

Townships and Area development projects B 8 (b)



DOC



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integrated municipal solid waste management...

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