IIntegratedntegrated MMarinearine BBiogeochemistry iogeochemistry

andand EEcosystemcosystem RResearchesearch “…to provide a comprehensive understanding of, and accurate predictive capacity for, ocean responses to accelerating global change and the consequent effects on the Earth System and human society”

CLIVAR SSG Meeting2-5 May, 2011

IOC/UNESCO, Paris

Ken Drinkwater and Eileen Hoffman

Presentation Outline

• IMBER research focus

• IMBER program structure

• Some recent activities

• IMBER science

• CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration

investigate the sensitivity of marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global change, on time scales ranging from years to decades

IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS

FOUR RESEARCHFOUR RESEARCH

THEMESTHEMES

Interactions between biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs

Sensitivity to global change

Feedbacks to the Earth System

Responses of society

www.IMBER.info/SPIS.html

IMBER Science Plan and IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Implementation Strategy

SPIS (2005)SPIS (2005)

Supplement to the SPIS Supplement to the SPIS (2010)(2010)

IMBER II - next five years

IMBER Scientific Steering Committee (16 members)

IPO

National contactsRegional Project Office

Human Dimensions

Working Groups / Task Teams

Carbon Research

Data Management

Continental Margins

Capacity Building

ICEDSIBER

CLIOTOPESSAS

RegionalActivities

EUR-OCEANSCARBOCHANGE

ContributingProjects

IMBER Scientists

SPONSORSStructure

IMBER National Network (2011)IMBER National Network (2011)

IMBER Endorsed Projects (24) IMBER National Contacts

CLIOTOP

Synthesis along Regional Programs ESSAS

ICED

SIBER

IMBER Regional ProgrammesIMBER Regional Programmes

Four IMBER Regional ProgrammesFour IMBER Regional Programmes

ESSAS: ESSAS: Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic SeasSeasTo understand how climate change will affect the marine ecosystems of the Sub-Arctic Seas and their sustainability.Leaders: K. Drinkwater (Norway) and G. Hunt (US)

CLIOTOP: CLIOTOP: CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp PredatorsPredatorsTo study oceanic top predators within their ecosystems using a worldwide comparative approach.Leaders: O. Maury (France) and A. Hobday (UK)

ICED: ICED: Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern OceanDynamics in the Southern OceanTo better understand climate interactions in the Southern Ocean, the implications for ecosystem dynamics, the impacts on biogeochemical cycles, and the development of sustainable management procedures. Leader: E. Murphy (UK)

SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research Biogeochemical and Ecological Research Basin-wide program in the Indian Ocean focused on biogeochemical and ecological research, with existing and planned observing systems and expeditions providing the observational backbone.Leaders: Raleigh R. Hood (US) and S. Wajih A. Naqvi (India)Strong involvement with CLIVAR-IOP

Recent IMBER ActivitiesClimECOClimECO22 - - Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing

Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach

Leader: Y-M. Paulet, IUEM, France

An international Summer School co-organized by IMBER, IUEM, and Europôle Mer, 23-27 August 2010, Brest, France

Objective:To provide participants with an overview of knowledge, methods, models and approaches for analyzing the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and the consequences for society

75 students and scientists attend the summer school.

http://www.imber.info/IMBIZO.html

IMBIZO ll

Workshop 1Workshop 1: The effect of varying element ratios on community structure at low   trophic levels and food quality at mid and high trophic levels

Workshop 2Workshop 2: Large-scale regional comparisons of marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes - research approaches and results -Special Issue of J Mar Syst

Workshop 3Workshop 3: Sensitivity of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles to enhanced stratification -Special Issue Prog in Oceanogr

125 Attendees

A hands-on “Dry Cruise” workshop, based on the IMBER Data Management Cookbook was held priort to the IMBIO with 30 participants.

IMBER ScienceOcean Acidification

Atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean has increased and this is shifting the pH of seawater to be more acid

Lowered pH affects ocean organisms that have calcareous structures

Joint IMBER/SOLAS Carbon Working Group on Ocean Acidification

Chair: Jean-Pierre Gattuso

Objectives

Coordinate international research efforts

Undertake synthesis activities at the international level

Establishment of an International Coordination Office is underway

IMBER Ocean Acidification Research

IMBER ScienceComparative Studies of Southern Ocean

Food Webs

HighAntarctic

SubAntarctic

LowProduction High Production

Seasonal length

Differences due toCirculation

Sea-iceBiogeochemistry

Light levelsSeasonality

Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean Food Webs• Differences in light, sea ice,

day length• controls - CDW/Southern

ACC boundary versus Southern ACC Front

• advective influences - closed versus open system

• self sustaining krill population versus non-local inputs of krill

• high productivity - natural iron fertilization through different mechanisms

• Support large populations of predators which depend on Antarctic krill

Western Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia

Connectivity is through Antarctic krill transport

Southern ACC Front

Alternative pathways buffer change. but may not support long-term change

Need better quantification of alternative pathways

Alternative Food Web Pathways

High krill Low krill

Temperature Effect on Snow Crabs

Temperature °C

n=24 p=0.006 n=21 p=0.020

n=32 p=0.107 n=35 p=0.001

Temperature °C

Neg

ativ

e re

latio

nshi

p; N

o ef

fect

of

gado

ids

ESSAS

August “traditional”

Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson

Recent years

Capelin Distribution

August present condition

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

Smith Sound

Saturation state for seawater with respect to aragonite (Ωarg) in the Canadian Arctic

Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Baffin Bay

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

-3500

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0The Labrador Sea

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0Davis Strait

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Barrow Strait

S N

0 50 100-400

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0Hudson Strait

S N (Kumiko Azetsu-Scott et al., 2010)

• Seattle, May 22-26• Comparative studies of climate effects on polar

and sub-polar ocean ecosystems: progress in observations and predictions

• Sessions on comparative studies, IPY, biogeochemistry, human dimensions, Bering Sea, modelling, gadoids and crusteans, ESSAS programs

• Strong emphasis on physical forcing• ICES, PICES, IOC, etc. as co-sponsors

ESSAS Open Science Meeting

ICES/PICES AMO Workshop

• June 6-10, 2011, Woods Hole, USA

• Dealing with physics and biology

• Aims to improve our understanding of the forcing mechanisms, the physical responses, biological responses, etc.

Thoughts on CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration• Circulation – Large scale (i.e. MOC) and regional• NAO, PDO, ENSO, AMO, etc.• Vertical Stratification• Upwelling and changes in winds

• CO2 fluxes and role of atmosphere and oceans

• Climate Change – Regional Downscaling• Natural vs Anthropogenic Changes

Need to match spatial and temporal scales.

Biological feedbacks on the climate system.

To Stay Informed

imber@univ-brest.fr

Contact the IPO to recieve the IMBER e-NEWS and Newsletter

http://www.imber.info