insulated balcony connection hit 13-us - halfen · between the balcony and the floor slab. this...

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION

CONCRETE

HIT 13-US

2 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com2

B alconies offer additional living space and increase the quality of life – as

long as they do not compromise the insulation of the building interior. The insulation problems of concrete balconies are solved with the HIT balcony connection from HALFEN.

SafeAll load-bearing components in the insulating joint are made from of high-quality corrosion-resistant stainless steel. All HALFEN HIT balcony connections are available with reliable fire protection.

EfficientIntegral polystyrene insulation and the selective use of stainless steel components almost eliminates thermal transfer between the balcony and the floor slab. This reduces heat loss through the structure and reduces the possibility of interior condensation and mold growth.

Turn up the Heat on InsulationImproved quality of life with the HIT balcony connection from HALFEN –

efficient solutions for your balcony designs.

Versatile An extensive range of sizes and configurations enable a HALFEN HIT solution for virtually all concrete balcony connections, whether fully cantilevered, partially projecting or fully inset. We can also offer you an insulated connection solution for many other types of projecting concrete features including, walkways, corbels, parapets, and canopies.

Eco-friendlyHALFEN HIT connections are designed to help maintain comfortable interior temperatures while reducing energy use. Many advantages with one result:

HALFEN provides safety, reliability and efficiency for you and your customers.

Apartment building with HIT, Canada

71°F5°F

HALFEN USA Inc. · PO Box 547 Converse · TX 78109 Phone: 800.423.9140 · www.halfenusa.com · [email protected]

3© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Table of content

Introduction 4Advantages 5

Features and Benefits 6 -7

Further design considerations 8

Type overview 9

Introduction HIT-BX and HIT-BX±Q 10

Introduction HIT-BX-ECK 11

Introduction HIT-BQ and HIT±BQ 12

Introduction HIT-VT 13

Introduction HIT-BD 14

Introduction HIT-HT 15

Introduction HIT-FT, HIT-AT, and HIT-OT 16

Introduction HIT-WT 17

Engineering request form 18

Project gallery 19

4 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com4

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Introduction

Higher environmental demands, increasing

energy costs, and the desire for healthier

and more comfortable living space have

led to thicker insulation layers in residential

and commercial buildings in recent years.

With thicker insulation layers, the influence

of local thermal bridges in the total energy

Simple to install, HIT Insulated Connections

are designed to minimize thermal bridging

at all concrete members that cross the

insulation layer of the building such as

balconies, cantilever roofs, and fin walls.

Thermal Bridging

The HIT Solution

Components

consumption of a building becomes larger.

One of the most significant thermal bridges

are balconies and other similar structures

that stick out of the building and thus cross

the insulation layer. These members act like

cooling fins that cool down the building in

winter time. As the temperature at the inte-

HALFEN HIT Insulated Connections are

available for different concrete thicknesses

and loading conditions. Custom solutions

to fit special project requirements are

available. Integralἀfire protection is also

available.

rior surfaces around the thermal

break decreases, mold issues caused by

condensation occur. The system also

works the opposite way in areas where

the outer temperatures are high and air

condition is used to compensate the high

outer temperatures.

71of5of

Typical HALFEN HIT Insulated Connection

Label: assembly, installation procedure

Tension bars made of standard reinforcing steel connected with a high-grade stainless steel tube

Shear bar ‒ high-grade stainless steel

Pressure pads ‒ high-grade stainless steel

Synthetic cover or fire protection board

Polystyrene


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Advantages

In cold weather thermal bridging leads to a cooling of the inner

surface areas around the thermal bridge leading to following areas

of concern for designers:

▪ Risk of condensation

▪ Risk of interior mold growth

▪ Risk of concrete cracking under thermal movement

▪ High energy costs

▪ High CO2 emissions

▪ Cooling down of the surface areas around the balcony (cold feet

syndrome)

▪ Increased lifetime building maintenance costs

▪ Pour stop at the connection to use higher grade concrete at the

balcony needs additional effort

The use of HIT Insulated Connections optimizes the connection

detail in the following points:

▪ Definite thermal separation between floor slab and balcony

▪ Significantly reduced risk of condensation

▪ Significantly lower risk of interior mold growth

▪ Reduced risk of concrete cracking

▪ Lower energy costs

▪ Less CO2 emissions

▪ Reduced lifetime building maintenance costs

▪ HIT can be used as a pour stop to use higher grade concrete in

the balcony area if needed

Thermal gradient non insulated balcony

Thermal gradient insulated balcony

Thermal gradient insulated balcony

Temperature below the dew point

54° F

23 °F 28 °F 33 °F 38 °F 43 °F 48 °F 53 °F 63 °F 68 °F

Outside temperature below the dew point

23° F

Room temperature

68° F

Room temperature

68° F

Outside temperature

23° F

Temperature OK

63° F

6 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Features and Benefits

Reasons for movement induced cracking in thermally exposed concrete parts

Temperature differences between the build-

ing (inside the insulation) and the balcony

(outside the insulation) provoke a difference

in movement in the two members. A

conventional rigid connection does not

allow any differential movement. This

leads to tension in the concrete and first

movement cracks occur.

Differential movement causes cracking in connection area

The HIT solution

The concrete cracks expose the reinforce-

ment to oxygen and humidity resulting in

corrosion in the reinforcement.

Corrosion of the reinforcement leads to

concrete spalling.

The maintenance costs to treat the cracks

are significantly high. The treatment of the

cracks does not solve the central issue and

new cracks will occur.

Finally the balcony needs to be replaced.

Movement joint doweling, e.g. HALFEN HSD Set

Movement joint

3 1/4"

≤ 18

’

≤ 18’≤ 36’

The HIT units allow for differential move-

ment in the two connected parts inside

and outside the building. The balcony can

expand and contract without constraints.

Cracking in the exposed concrete parts can

be significantly reduced. To make sure, the

HIT can take the differential movement, a

maximum length of 36’ is recommended

for the exposed concrete member. If longer

structures are required, movement joints are

recommended.

To prevent differential deflection between

two continuous structures but allow for

horizontal movement, shear dowels can

be used.

≤ 36' ≤ 18'

≤ 1

8'

Winter Summer

Insulation InsulationBalcony Balcony

Main slab Main slab

70 F inside

70 F inside

0 F outside

100 F outside

Movement cracks

Main slab

BalconyInsulation


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Features and Benefits

Reasons to selec t HIT Insulated Connections for your next design

Wide range of products Many versions of HIT Insulated Connections can be provided. The range enables a great variety of concrete thicknesses, shapes, and load configurations to be safely supported.

Long term energy savings Concrete structures with HIT units can be 10 to 15 times more thermally efficient than traditional solutions.

Long term maintenance savings Less damage from condensation and mold growth produces lower maintenance costs. HIT permits thermal expansion and contraction of the balcony with significantly reduced movement-induced cracking to the concrete, exposure of reinforcement, and attendant concrete spalling.

Health benefits Reducing condensation and mold growth produces a healthier environment for the building occupants.

Comprehensive engineering support HALFEN engineers will be pleased to assist with detailed design and product selection to suit the requirements of each project.

Environmental Benefits Heat emissions from buildings and the release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels used to heat and cool them are contributing factors to climate change. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to a reduction in the environmental impact.

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HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Further design considerations

Room

tem

pera

ture

77°

F

Dew

poi

nt t

empe

ratu

re [

° F]

Relative humidity in the room

Room

tempe

ratu

re 68

° F

Room

tempe

rature

59°

F

68

64

61

57

54

50

46

43

Sound reduction test report for HIT Type BX-12/10-20

Fire protection boards

Dew pointTo reduce the possibility of mold and the development of condensation the temperatures of all surfaces within the living space have to be kept above the dew point. The dew point temperature varies according to the temperature and relative humidity of the living space. In the example indicated in the graph the dew point occurs at 54º F when the room temperature is 68º F and the humidity is 60 %. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections play an important role in enabling the temperature of the internal structure to be maintained above the dew point in the areas around concrete parts that are breaking through the insulation of the building.

Fire protectionHIT Insulated Balcony Connections are available with or without fire protection board. Ninety minute or two hour fire protection designs are available, and it is recommended that these designs are developed in consultation with HALFEN design staff.

LEEDHALFEN strongly supports sustainable building practices, such as those established by the U.S. Green Building Council's Lead-ership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™, NAHB Green, and local green building codes.HIT Insulated Balcony Connections help to reduce the thermal bridges and thus optimize the energy performance of the building. HALFEN can also provide information about the recycled content of the insulated connection units to help achieve LEED points in the Material & Resources section.

Sound reductionHIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to sound reduction in sensitive areas such as walkways. Independent tests according to international standards such as ISO 140 and ISO 717 have been performed on a number of HIT types. The sound insulation properties vary according to the type and dimensions of the HIT product selected, but typical sound reduction is in the region of 11 dB. HALFEN design staff will be pleased to assist in assessing noise reduction of HIT products on a project basis.

Dew point diagram

Dew point, f ire protection, and noise reduction

Temperature OK

63° F


Type overview


Type of balcony HIT unit Internal forces Page

10

10

11

12

13

14

16

17

HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q

HIT

-BQ

HIT-BX

HIT-BD

HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q

HIT

-BQ

HIT-VT

HIT

-VT

HIT

-VT

B

Main slabSite installed thermal insulation

BalconyExternal Wall

External Wall

Internal wallExternal wall

Parapet

HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT

Roof slabIn-situ thermal insulation

ParapetCorbelled

Cantilever balcony

Internal corner

External corner

Supported balcony

Recessed balcony

Cantilever balcony with seismic

Parapet/Corbel

External Wall

HALFEN HIT-BX

HALFEN HIT-BX±Q

HALFEN HIT-BX-ECK

HALFEN HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ

HALFEN HIT-VT

HALFEN HIT-BD

HALFEN HIT-FT, OT, AT

HALFEN HIT-WT

HIT-BQ

HIT-BX-ECK


Simple cantilever and propped Type overview HIT-BX, HIT-BX±Q, HIT-BX-MOD, HIT-BX±Q -MOD


HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD

n× HIT-BX-MOD

HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD

n× HIT-BX-MOD

Dew point, f ire protection

and noise reduction

HIT-BX balcony for cantilevered balconies and HIT-BX±Q for internal corners

HIT-BX, HIT-BX±Q, HIT-BX-MOD and HIT-BX±Q-MOD application examples

HIT-BX units are designed to take over bending moments and shear forces provoked by typical cantilevered balconies. The shorter HIT-BX-MOD unit allows adjusting the insulation joint length to the project requirements. HIT-BX and HIT-BX-MOD are the most commonly used types. HIT-BX±Q and HIT-BX±Q-MOD are able to take negative (upward directed) shear loads like they occur at internal corner conditions.

Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony

Fig. 3: Internal corner balcony

Fig. 2: Cantilever balcony curved on plan

HIT-BX HIT-BX meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)

HIT-BX-MOD HIT-BX 20 cm module, B = 7 7/8" (20 cm)

HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q-MOD

Balcony Main slab

Standard version, either meter-length element or 20-cm module

HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD

BalconyMain slab

Standard version, either meter-length element or 20 cm module

Balcony

Balcony

HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX

HIT

-BX

Balcony


Simple cantilever and propped balconies


HIT-BX-ECK balcony connector for external corner conditions

HIT-BX-ECK application example

HIT-BX-ECK units are designed to take over the internal forces, implemented at external corner conditions. The use of HIT-BX-ECK units makes sure; the bars of the two adjoining units can overlap properly. HIT-BX-ECK units are used in combination with HIT-BX units.

Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony with wrap-around external corner; the connection includes a HIT-BX-2L module.

HIT-BX-ECK Corner element, B = 2' - 2 3/4" (68 cm)

HIT-BX-ECK

h ≥ 18 cm

HIT-BX-ECK

HIT-BX-MODHIT-BX

HIT-BX-ECK

Balcony Main slab

Balcony


HIT-BQ

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ

HIT-BQ and HIT-±BQ balcony connectors for propped balconies

HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ application examples

HIT-BQ units take over shear forces found at the connection of propped balconies. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.

HIT-±BQ units take over shear forces in both directions. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.

Fig. 1: Propped balcony with HIT-BQ units Fig. 2: Propped balcony with overhang with HIT-±BQ units

HIT-BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)

HIT-±BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)

Shorter units are available on request

Shorter units are available on request

HIT-±BQ

HIT-BQ

HIT-±BQ

Balcony Main slab

Balcony Main slab

Balcony

Balcony


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-VT

HIT-VT balcony connector for recessed balconies

HIT-VT application examples

HIT-VT units take over shear forces only. As the units have no pressure pads they allow unimpeded movement of the balcony and can be used on opposite sides of one balcony.

Fig. 1: Balcony/loggia simply supported on 3 sides, two way spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.

Fig. 3: Simply supported balcony. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.

Fig. 4: Balcony simply supported on 2 sides and with corner support. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.

Fig. 2: Balcony/loggia, simply supported on 2 sides, one way spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.

HIT-VT Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)

Units can be cut on site to fit to custom width

HT3

Balcony

HT3

Balcony

= In-situ thermal insulation

Balcony Balcony

HIT-VT

Balcony

Main slab


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-BD

HIT-BD balcony connector for uplift shear loads and bending moments

HIT-BD application examples

HIT-BD units are capable of transfering both positive and negative moment and shear loads. They can be used when the balcony is part of a continuous slab or for cantilever balconies in tall structures where high wind loads can exceed the self weight of the balcony. HIT-BD can also be used in areas where seismic loads provoke uplifting forces.

Fig. 1: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a loggoa. The balcony slab connection transfers positive and negative moments and shear forces.

Fig. 3: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-BD unit takes over upward bending moment and shear load.

Fig. 2: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a loggia. The balcony slab connection transfers positive and negative moments and shear forces.

HIT-BD Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)

Units can be cut on site to fit to custom balcony width

HIT-BD

HIT

-BD

HIT

-VT

HIT-BD

HIT

-BD

HIT

-VT

Balcony

WD bauseits

HIT

-BD

HIT

-VT

HIT

-BD

HIT

-VT

In-situ thermal insulation

Balcony

HIT-BD

HIT-HT1HIT-BD HIT-BDHIT-BX HIT-BX

Balcony

Balcony Main slab


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-HT

HIT-HT balcony connector for lateral loads

HIT-HT application examples

HIT-HT units are used when horizontal forces have to be trans-ferred through the insulation joint parallel to the insulation line or perpendicular to the insulation line. HIT-HT1 transfers forces parallel to the insulation line, HIT-HT2 transfers forces perpen-dicular to the insulation line, and HIT-HT3 is a combination of both.

Fig. 1: Simply supported balcony

Fig. 3: Balcony supported on 2 sides and with a support post Fig. 4: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-HT1 unit takes over the lateral forces in the joint

Fig. 2: Simply supported balcony

HIT-HT1

HIT-HT3

HIT-HT2

Balcony

Balcony

Balcony

HIT-HT1HIT-BD HIT-BDHIT-BX HIT-BX

Balcony


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT- FT, HIT-AT, HIT-OT

HIT-FT, HIT-AT, HIT-OT Insulated Connector for parapets and corbels

HIT-FT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)

HIT-OT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)

HIT-AT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)

Corbel

Parapet

Roof slab

Parapet

Corbel

Main slabSite install thermal insulation

HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT

Roof slab

Site installed thermal insulation

ParapetCorbelled

Parapet

Roof slab

Site installed thermal insulationHIT-AT HIT-AT HIT-AT

Main slab

Main slab


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-WT

HIT-WT

HIT-WT application example

HIT-WT units are normally used for connecting projecting concrete walls or vertical fins. The walls can either be associated with the balcony as shown below or independent vertical concrete features.

HIT-WT Unit dimensions, B = 6" to 10"H = 60" to 138"

B

Fig. 1: Thermally insulated shear wall connections

e ≤ 10.10 m

Wall wall Wall wall

Main slab

Balcony

Site installed thermal insulation


HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Engineering request form

Type overview (top views)

Basics / Dimensions

Loads (please only fill in A or B)

Cantilevered balcony

Simply supported cantilever

Internal corner Recessed balcony

C2 OpeningC1 Column C1 Column

A1 Design value of the acting moment MEd [lbs ft/lft]

A2 Design value of the acting shear force VEd [lbs/lft]

Characteristic load

B1 Live load qk [lbs/ft²]

B2 Horizontal load handrail qk,Gel [lbs/ft]

B3 Weight of handrail gk,Gel [lbs/ft] - vertical

B4 Weight of coverage gk,Bel [lbs/ft²]

B5 Additional load e.g. of tubes and additional connections [lbs/ft²]

B6 Additional load e.g. of facing masonry [lbs/ft]

Other details (e.g. additional loads, columns etc.)

C1

C2

External corner

B1 Live load

Shear load

A1 Moment

B2 Horizontal load handrail

B3Weight of handrail

- vertical

B4

B5 Additional load e.g. of tubes and additional connections

B6 Additional load e.g. of facing masonry

A2

Weight of coverage

Balcony slabMainslab

4 Slab length

4 Slab length

5 Slab width

Balcony slab

Balcony slab

Main slab

Mainslab

6 Slab thickness

7Stepheight

8

Heightoffset

9Incline11 Thickness of main slab

1 Concrete strength C ... / ...2 Concrete cover cnom [inch]

3 Fire protection class not required F90

4 Slab length L [ft - inch]

5 Slab width B [ft - inch]

6 Slab thickness h [inch - inch/16]*

7 Step height nh [inch]

8 Height offset v [inch]

9 Incline [%]

10 Construction of main slab

Filigree slab

cast in place

11 Thickness of main slab [inch - inch/16]*

12 Number of balconies

If you are interested in a HIT solution for your project, please download the questionnaire from our website www.halfenusa.com and our engineering team will create a solution that fits for you.

' - "

' - "

" - 16"

" - 16"

* Please provide the heights in inch and inch/16 - e.g.: 7 " - 11/16"


Project gallery


Past projec ts that have used the HIT system illustrating the range of application

CONTACT HALFEN WORLDWIDE

www.HALFEN.com

HALFEN has a global network of Subsidiary Companies to assist you. The main contact information for North America and the European Headquarter is provided below. For a ful l l ist of off ices please visit www.HALFEN.com

HALFEN GmbH shall not accept liability for the accuracy of the information in this publication or for any printing errors.

HALFEN is also represented by distributors in Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia/Bosnia- Herzegovina/FYROM/Montenegro, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan/ROC, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vietnam

USA & Mexico HALFEN USA Inc. 8521 F.M. 1976Converse, TX 78109

Phone: +1 800.423.9140 E-Mail: [email protected]: www.halfenusa.com

Fax: +1.888.277.1695

Canada UCC Industries International (Distributor) Units 12 & 13895 Sandy Beach RoadPickering, Ontario, L1W 3N7

Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta: Please contact HALFEN USA Inc.

Phone: +1 905.831.7724 E-Mail: [email protected]: www.ucci.ca

Fax: +1 905.831.5872

Fax: +49 2173 970-123Germany HALFEN GmbH Liebigstrasse 14 40764 Langenfeld

Phone: +49 2173 970-0 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.halfen.de

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insulated balcony connection hit 13-us - halfen · between the balcony and the floor slab. this...

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