Presentation Plan

• INSTRUMENTATION

• INSTRUMENTSTION GRASP

• ROTATORY INSTRUMENTS

• Presented by:• Owais Arif

• G.V. Black is credited with the first acceptable nomenclature and classification of hand instruments.

• His classification system enabled both dentists and manufacturers to communicate more clearly and effectively in regard to instrument design and function.

INSTRUMENTATION

HAND INSTRUMENTS:Cutting

Non-Cutting

HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTATION

• In early Carbon Steel was primary used in instruments.

• But it was harder material.• Nowadays stainless steel is main material.

Cutting Instruments

• Before the invention of rotatory instruments Dentist could cut well shaped cavity using sharp hand instruments.

• Drawback• Nowadays all tooth preparations are done

with rotatory instruments• But hand cutting instruments are still

important in finishing of tooth preparation.

DESIGN

• Hand cutting instruments consist of three parts:

• Handle• Shank• Blade• There is a slight angulation.

List Of Cutting Instruments

• The terminology organized by GV Black is still used with some modifications.

• He named the instruments according to their shapes.

• He called all cutting instruments as Excevators.

Instruments According To Their Shapes

•Hatchet

•Chisel

• Spoon

Instruments according to their angles

•Hoes•Chisel• Spoon

Non-Cutting Instruments

• Amalgam Carriers• Condensers• Carvers• Burnishers• Plastic Instruments• Cement spatulas

Amalgam Carriers

Amalgam Condensers

Burnisher

Plastic Instrument

Cement Spatula

Sharpening Of Hand Instruments

• Look at the cutting edge in bright light.

• Presence of “Glint” indicates edge is rounded or dull.

The cutting edge of the hand instrument should always be kept sharp as dullinstruments

1. Loss of control.2. More pain. 3. Prolonged time for the operative procedure.4. Reduce the quality and precision of tooth preparation

Other Instruments

• Mirrors• Explorers• Periodontal probes• Forceps

Instrumentation Grasps

• Two types:• Pen grasp• Palm-thumb grasp

Pen Grasp

• Provide more flexibility of movement• Most frequently used

Palm or thumb Grasp

• Provide more control.• Thumb is placed at most top point.

Rotatory Instruments

• Handpiece• Two types:

• Straight• Contra-Angle

Straight

• The long axis of bur is same as long axis of hand piece.

• Used in laboratory as well as in clinics.

Contra-Angle

• Primary handpiece used in mouth.• Head of handpiece is angled first away and

then back toward ,the long axis of handle.

Types of Contra-Angle Hand piece

• Low speed• 500-15000 rpm• Use for removal of carious dentin

• High speed• 160,000-5,00,000 rpm• Use for cutting enamel and dentin

Burs

• Three parts:• Head• Neck • Shank

Commonly Used Burs

• Round• Diameter(mm):• .30• .40• .60• 1.6

• Inverted cone• Diameter(mm):• 1.8• 2.1• 2.3• 2.5• 3.1

• Straight fissure• Diameter(mm):• .60• .80• 1.0• 1.2• 1.4• 1.6

• Tapered fissure• Diameter(mm):• .80• .90• 1.2

• Pear Shaped• Diameter(mm):• .60• .80• 1.0• 1.2