lasers in dentistry
TRANSCRIPT
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LASERS IN DENTISTRY
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CONTENTS
Introduction History Fundamentals of lasers Commonly used lasers in dentistry Application of lasers Protection Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
Laser is an acronym, which stands for Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission Of Radiation
Light shows, disc players
Device that converts electrical/chemical energy into light energy
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HISTORY
1960-first laser 1993 Nd:YAG Laser 1993 Kinetic Cavity Preparation 1994 CO2 Laser, Argon Laser 1996 Laser welder 1997 Nd:YAP Laser 1998 Er:YAG Laser
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Fundamentals of lasers
LightAmplificationby theStimulatedEmissionofRadiation
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Light
Form of electromagnetic energy Properties of laser
Monochromatic Collimation Coherency Efficiency
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Monochromatic-Characterized by radiation in which all waves are of same frequency and wavelength.
Collimated: all the emitted waves are parallel and the beam divergence is very low. This property is important for good transmission through delivery systems.
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A laser is a device that creates and amplifies a narrow, intense beam of coherent light.
LIGHT
•Radiates light in random directions at random times.•A jumble of photons going in all directions.
Single or just a few frequencies going in one
precise direction
LASER NEON LIGHT
COHERENT INCOHERENT
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A- Amplification means that a very bright intense beam of light can be created. The laser may be activated by a few photons which then act to produce many more, and the initial light generated is computed to make a very bright compact beam
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S – Stimulated : ME-Emissionn
If an atom in the excited state is struck by a photon of identical energy as the photon to be emitted, the emission could be stimulated to occur earlier than would occur spontaneously. This stimulated interaction causes two photons that are identical in frequency and wavelength to leave the atom.
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Laser Design
A laser medium or active medium-solid, liquid or gas
Housing tube or optical cavity External power source-pumps
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Process of supplying energy for amplification-pumping
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Laser Light Delivery
Articulated arms-CO2 laser
Waveguide delivery system
Fiber optic delivery system
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Laser Types
Based on wavelength-Soft lasers-Hard lasers
Based on the type of active / lasing medium used
ArF excimer, KrF excimer, XeCl excimer, Argon ion, Nd: YAG,Er: YAG, CO2
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Nd: YAG laser
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DIAODE LASERSEMICONDUCTOR LASER
Gallium Arsenide chipNo mirror to clean and alignNo gas tube, flash-lamps, laser rod, water cooling
PortableNo special power
No cooling connectionNo heat
QuietAffordable
More powerful, less traumatic250microsecond-10sec
0.05 Hz - 200 HzExpand Practice* Sulcular debride-
ment* Root canal treat-ment
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Laser interaction with biologic tissues
Four different interaction Reflection Scatter Absorption Transmission
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Processes
Incision
Excision
Ablation
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Advantages
No anesthesia, no drill
Less blood loss, Less pain
Reduce post –operative edema
Early healing, rapid regeneration, reduce
post sensitivity in restorations
Less chances of metastasis
Sterilization of treatment site-no infection
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Disadvantages
Lasers can't be used :
- fill cavities located between teeth
- cavities around old fillings and large cavities
(crown)
- remove defective crowns or silver fillings
- prepare teeth for bridges
Laser - more expensive
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APPLICATIONS-GENERAL
Eye surgery
Cancer treatment
Removal of tattoos
Cosmetic surgery
Hair removal
• Cold Sores
• Nerve Regeneration
NO PAIN
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Future Trends in Dentistry
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HARD TISSUES
Prevention of caries
Detection of incipient caries
Cavity preparation
Enamel etching
Desensitization
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Bleaching/ fluorosis
t/t of fractured tooth
Pulpotomy
Removal of old restoration-gold,
ceramic
Root canal therapy
Temporomandibular Joint Treatment:
reduce pain and inflammation
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BLEACHING
SMILE
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Crown lengthening
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Soft tissues
Frenectomy Tongue tie Incisional and excisional biopsiesInflammatory papillary hyperplasia
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Aphthous ulcer Operculectomy Removal of hyperkeratotic lesions Removal of malignant lesions Soft tissue crown lengthening Vestibuloplasty Removal of granulation tissue Removal of vascular lesions-
Hemangioma Pyogenic granuloma Implants – Stage II – at the time of
recovery
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Laser Gingivectomy
A Gingivectomy is a periodontal surgery that removes and
reforms diseased gum tissue or other gingival buildup
Performed in a dentist's office, the surgery is primarily
done one quadrant of the mouth at a time under local
anesthetic.
CO2 laser with wavelength of 10,600nm
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GINGIVECTOMY
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FRENECTOMY
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Removal of inflammatory hyperplasia
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Why Fiberoptic is important? 1. Light weight 2. Easy to approach 3. Easy sterilization 4. Tactile sensation
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LASER HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES
· The small flexible fiber optic , hand pieces or tip must be steam sterilized in sterilizing pouches
· Use of protective wear
- Use of screen & curtains should be promoted
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· Use of proper clothing
· Use of anti-fire explosive
· Proper training and courses
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LASER FILTRATION MASKS
prevents air borne contamination
FOOT PEDAL CONTROL SWITCH WITH PROTECTIVE HOOD
prevents accidental depression by surgical staff.
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CONCLUSION Lasers - alternative to conventional
surgical systems
Lasers are a “new and different scalpel” (optical knife, light scalpel)
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