instructions policy

8/12/2019 Instructions Policy

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Instructions1.

o 1First, research the issue so that you can incorporate facts into your proposal. Factual

information adds to the credibility of what you are proposing, supports your proposedchange and highlights any faults with the current policies.

o 2Begin your proposal by stating the problem and how it affects the audience. For example,if there is a company policy or practice you feel is ineffective or hindering employees,state that. Or if you are arguing against research findings, state your reasons against theresearch and why.

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o 3Follow your statement with a proposed solution and how to implement it. For example, ifyou were writing a proposal to increase reading re(uirements in schools you would writewhy you thin) increasing reading re(uirements helps benefit students.

o 4resent research and facts that support your proposal. #hese can be scientific studies,other companies or organi*ations that have followed the newly proposed policy or other

credible sources that support your argument.

o 5"rite a short conclusion to your proposal. +eep your conclusion to a paragraph or twothat summari*es all of the information you have stated and presented in your policyproposal.

o 6"rite up a "or)s -ited page for any factual information you cited in the paper fromother sources, as well as a bibliography page for any research you used in writing your

proposal. #he wor)s cited page is only for (uotes that you included directly from othersources, whereas a bibliography incorporates any sources you used in gatheringinformation for your article.

Read more: http://www.ehow.com/how_7885836_write-polic-propos!l.html"i#$$%s&d1#Ip!

'et In(orm!tion

et the necessary information whether it is a bid pac)age or re(uest for proposal/00F1 from your prospective client /prospect1. You may have to attend a meeting inwhich the opportunity is discussed. 0ead the information carefully2 figure out what the

needs are and then identify the products and services you can provide.
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3dentify underserved mar)ets. 3dentify products and services your business can providein this mar)et sector. et information directly from prospects if you do not understandcertain aspects of the pro!ect for which you are bidding2 as) intelligent (uestions.-ontacting your prospect shows early on that you are interested in his pro!ect2 you aregetting your name in front of him while at the same time validating his needs. You are

also developing a collaborative partnership in which information can be shared and trustbuilt.

)rite !nd *resent

"rite your proposal, specifically providing all the information re(uested anddemonstrating your uni(ue and original capabilities. 4ote any contact you made withyour prospect, highlighting the features and suitability of your services specific for thepro!ect. $xamples of meeting schedules, cost savings and uni(ue expertise are essential.Stress any collaboration that may have occurred between your business and yourprospect.

"rite in plain spo)en $nglish and target your words and associated graphics to youraudience. Be uni(ue and original but easily understood. 3t5s not what you say666it5s whatthey understand. #hey are deciding whether to hire you. 7ttempt to ma)e sure they are ashappy as can be while reading your proposal.

You may have to ma)e a presentation to your prospect during the process. 3t is importantto apply the same principle to your presentation. 3t is imperative that your capabilitiesand services are presented in an easily understood manner.

"hen you write your proposal, you can promote your business in comparison to othersout there. You can present the benefits of your business in relation to the negatives ofothers. You should also lin) the benefits to the bid price. rospects want to feel goodabout spending money and that the money is well spent. 'a)e sure your bid costs are

credible and documented.

+ollow-up

+eep up contact during the decision phase of the process. +eep your name in frontof your prospect. 7ttend similar conferences, meetings and events. hone your prospectto provide any additional information or send over press releases that emphasi*e yourbusiness features related to your prospect5s needs.

#he proposal process is a way to promote your services and capabilities. You may not winthe pro!ect the first time, but you have made contact with a prospect and are getting your

business name out there. 3f possible, find out who won the pro!ect. 7naly*e what wasmissing from your proposal process, ma)e ad!ustments and incorporate them into thenext one.

Read more: http://www.ehow.com/w!_5%,63_propos!l-e#!mples.html"i#$$%s&i&es0

What is a Policy Paper?For students who choose to write a policy paper, it is important to

select an issue that meets the following criteria.
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The issue addressed should be a legitimate contemporary policy issue within which the current

policy is clearly discernible.

There should be clear alternatives to the current policy.

There must be sufficient data present to provide the target audience (i.e. the decision-maker) with

information to make a decision on the policy proposal.

Examples of Policy IssuesThe following are some examples of general policy issues that can be

explored in a policy paper. Students are in no way limited to or

restricted by the following examples. These examples are offered

simply to help students in thinking about ideas for their papers.

Economics: Initiation of trade agreements; support for or opposition to protectionist legislation;

restrictions on or relaxation of technical transfer restrictions; relaxation or tightening of immigration or

customs laws in a particular country or region.

Legal Issues: Adherence to or rejection of new facets of international law, space law, maritime law,

intellectual property rights, etc.; jurisdictions of international courts; implications for acceptance of or

rejection of a proposed treaty or agreement.

Political Issues: Matters pertaining to recognition (e.g., after a coup or revolution); participation in

international conferences; a newly elected leaders policy issues; initiation of a new policy involving

human rights, environmental standards, etc.

Security Issues: New arms transfer control initiatives; security assistance changes or new recipient

candidates; renegotiations or an initial negotiation of case rights agreements.

What isNota Policy Paper? An historical analysis is neveran appropriate topic for a policy paper. A policy paper must focus on

a currentpolicy issue. For example, an analysis of what George Bush should or should not have done in

2001 would work well as a research paper, but it would not be acceptable as a policy paper.

Comparative or case studies normally fit better as research papers than policy papers. For

example, a comparative study of conflict resolution in South Africa and Northern Ireland, although

certainly providing an analysis with contemporary relevance, would work far better as a research rather

than a policy paper.

An analysis of how something works should be a research paper. For example, a study of the

political economy of the Ivory Coast would not work as a policy paper. Similarly, an analysis of

development efforts in Guatemala would not in itself be a policy paper, although one could make a policy

paper on a similar topic by analyzing U.S. development policy toward Guatemala.

Format for the Policy Paper


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Below are the guidelines to follow while writing a policy paper. Some

variation may occur depending on the topic of the paper and the

research methods being used. Students should make sure to read the

page on General Guidelines for the MA Paper, particularly the section

on formatting. The length of the policy paper should be 30 to 35 pages.Students should see the General Guidelines page for more

information on page limits.

Executive SummaryAt the beginning of the paper in telegraphic style, explain who the

target audience is (i.e., the decision-maker for your policy proposal)

and the main points that the decision-maker should know. It may be

best to write this section last because it will serve as a summary of the

entire paper.

At a minimum, the summary should include the following:

1. A statement of current policy

2. Reasons for initiation changes

3. Policy options to be considered

4. Pros and cons of each option

5. Recommended course of action

6. Reasoning for selecting that course of action

Body of PaperThe main portion of the paper should be dedicated to establishing the

background and discussing the reasoning behind your policy

recommendation. Students should include all of the basics from the

executive summary, but fully elaborate on each point that the paper is

making. The following is an outline describing what the main body of

the paper should include.

Overview / Background Statement of purpose Why is the decision-maker being asked to consider a policy change at this

time?

Review the Current Policy What are we currently doing, why are we doing it this way, what is the

publics perception of the policy? Assess how well it is or is not working.

Statement on the Necessity for Change What circumstances (e.g., changes in government,

leadership, stability, etc.) have changed that make a new approach advisable or necessary?
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Discussion Discuss the alternatives to the current policy option by enumerating and explaining each policy

option in turn.

Pros and cons of each policy option should be discussed next. Identify the political, economic, and

security implications for each option. Each policy option should be compared and contrasted to the other

options as well as to the current policy. This is the most important part of the paper.

Recommendation Clearly identify which option will be recommended and which options will be discounted.

Clearly lay out the argument for why that option is better than each of the others.

Implementation Write a detailed recommendation for specific steps on how and when to implement the

recommended policy option.

AppendicesThe following items should be included as appendices to a policy

paper.

1. Annexes, if there are any.

2. Endnotes, if end notes are used rather than footnotes.

3. Tables, charts, maps, etc. Maps can also be placed within the body of the paper, if appropriate.

4. Bibliography

Policy Paper Content and AnalysisViable Alternatives

Policy papers must present several policy alternatives, and they must

be serious alternatives. As a general rule, the number should be three.

One serious alternative will often be to maintain the status quo. In fact,many professors require their advisees to consider the status quo

option. Even if the status quo seems dangerous and stupid, students

should take it seriously because in the real world it will often be the

most likely outcome. Students should check with their advisers to see

if the status quo should be included as one of the policy options. The

alternatives presented must not be strawmen that are so ridiculous

they only serve to make the recommended policy look good. Of

course, it is fine to go deeper into the preferred alternative than into


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the other options, but the other options must be given a fair

presentation and analysis.

Cost-benefit analysis

Policy papers should be based on clear cost-benefit analysis. Thisanalysis may be either quantitative or qualitative. In either case, the

student should be certain to think through all possible outcomes

clearly and thoroughly. The cost-benefit analysis should seriously

consider the feasibility of implementation, not only in terms of

economic or strategic implications, but also in terms of political

feasibility. Moreover, the analysis of likely effects must not be

completely one-sided. There are always going to be some benefits

and some costs to any policy proposal there is no proposal so goodthat it does not have some costs associated with it.

Clear Criteria

Students should present clear criteria for evaluating the problem at

hand and the policy alternatives to be considered. This will involve

prioritizing among a variety of possible values. Trade-offs are the heart

of the policy process if solutions were easy or obvious, the problem

would not be around for the student to analyze. Determining clear

criteria from the start will greatly aid the development of a cost-benefit

analysis.

Clear predictions

What are the likely results of the various alternatives? Be specific and

reasonably detailed. What level of certainty can one have about them?

And what middle-run indicators would demonstrate success?

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