innovation systems

INNOVATION SYSTEMS

Thanakrit [email protected]

National Innovation Systems Overview and Country CasesStephen Feinson

Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).

Definition of National Innovation Systems

“ .. the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies.” (Freeman, 1987)

“ .. the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and economically useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state.” (Lundvall, 1992)

“... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... of national firms.” (Nelson, 1993)

“ .. the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country.” (Patel and Pavitt, 1994)

“.. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and individually contribute to the development and diffusion of new technologies and which provides the framework within which governments form and implement policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new technologies.” (Metcalfe, 1995)



Activities and functions within NIS for producing, diffusing and using innovations.

- To create human capital.- To create and diffuse technological opportunities.- To create and diffuse products.- To incubate in order to provide facilities, equipment, and administrative

support.- To facilitate regulation for technologies, materials, and products that may

enlarge the market and enhance market access.- To legitimize technology and firms.- To create markets and diffuse market knowledge.- To enhance networking.- To direct technology, market, and partner research.- To facilitate financing.- To create a labor market that can be utilized.



Actors and linkages in the innovation system

Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:Towards an integrated frameworkJochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer

ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).

- Technological innovation systems and the multi-level framework are closely related concepts for the study of far-reaching technological change.

- This research tries to combines the strengths of the two approaches and allows providing a better understanding of radical innovation processes and socio-technical transformations.

- The multi-level framework conceives technological transitions as interactive processes of change at the micro-level of niches and the meso-level of socio-technical regimes both embedded in a broader landscape of factors at the macro-level.

- The analytical focus is the technological systems concept which compare and contrast with a general conceptualization of innovation systems and sectoral systems of innovation and production.

- This research interpret both the TS and the SSI concept in a way that they include an innovation part that creates, diffuses and uses new products (or technologies) and a production part, which is ‘responsible’ for the established products (or technologies).



Potential relationship between national (NSI) and sectoral (SSI) systems of innovation and a technological system (TS).



The multi-level framework explains technological transitions by the interplay of processes at three different levels … the socio-technical regime, niches and landscape.



Interrelation between technological systems (TS),

sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) and the multi-level framework



Technological innovation system and interactions withthe conceptual elements of the multi-level framework.

Analyzing the functional dynamics of technologicalinnovation systems: A scheme of analysis

Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson, Sven Lindmark and Annika RickneScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).

- This paper presents a scheme of analysis to analyze specific innovation systems in order to identify key policy issues and set policy goals.

The scheme of analysis (Bergek, et al., 2008).

Analyzing the functional dynamics of technologicalinnovation systems: A scheme of analysis

Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson, Sven Lindmark and Annika RickneScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).

Inducement and blocking mechanisms as well as policy issues in the case of “IT in home care”

There are key elements in a sectoral SSI: Firms in the sector, Other actors, Networks, Demand, Institution, Knowledge base and Main processes and coevolution.

Implications of Technology Management and Policy on the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:

Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive SectorPatarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri

International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).

Potential linkages among key players in supportingthe development of sectoral innovation system.

Structure of sectoral innovation system supporting the automotive industry in Thailand.

Roles and capabilities of key actors





1. Key actors

1.1 Carmakers and auto-parts suppliersGroup 1: Automotive Assemblers

18 assemblers (subsidiaries of TNCs or joint ventures)Group 2: Direct Suppliers or OEM Suppliers (Tier-1)

648 auto-part manufacturers (458 auto-part for car, 190 auto-part for motorcycle)

Group 3: Indirect Suppliers or Raw Material Suppliers (Tier-2/3)1641 indirect suppliers (raw material suppliers for the tier-1 suppliers, and subcontractors of the tier-1 suppliers)

1.2 Government: Policy and sector-specific promotion agencyThailand Automotive Institute (TAI) (operates under the Industry

Development Foundation set up by the Ministry of Industry)




1.3 Universities and research institutesUniversities: Chulalongkorn University, King Mongkut's Institute of

Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) and Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology (TNI)

Research institutes: NSTDA

1.4 Private-sector industrial associations and technology promotion agencyFederal Thai Industries (FTI)- Thai Auto-Parts Manufacturers Association (TAPMA): 528 companies (from tier-3 to tier-1) on its membership list

- Technology Promotion Association (Thailand-Japan) or TPA





2. Roles of key drivers

2.1 Carmakers and auto-parts suppliers- Production- Disseminating technology

2.2 Government- Policy and promotion

2.3 Universities and research institutes- Generating basic knowledge- Providing education

2.4 Associations and promotion agency- Central voice to protect, support and develop industry- Promoting knowledge- Disseminating technology





1. Carmakers - Auto-parts suppliers- Transferring technology- Technology licensing contract- ShareholdIng

2. University – Industry- Curriculum development- Joint programs- Student internships- Co-research projects

3. Firms - Government agencies- Human resource development

Linkages and interactions




innovation systems

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