infection control warning: blood and guts to follow !
TRANSCRIPT
Infection Control
Warning:
blood and guts to follow !
Infection Control
Infection Control
• Microorganisms
• Infectious Disease
• Chain of Infection
• Nosocomial Infection
• Disease Control
• Environment
Microorganismsthat cause disease Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Can grow in or on an animal or plant and cause diseases.
Host: animal or plant that provides life support to another organism.
Microorganisms
Disease: Any change from the normal structure or function in the human body.
Infection: Growth of a microorganism on or in a host.
Disease
• Disease occurs only when the microorganism causes injury to the host
Pathogen
A disease producing microorganism.
Multiply in large numbers and cause an obstruction
Cause tissue damageSecrete substance that produce effects in
the body Exotoxins ( high body temp, nausea, vomiting)
BacteriaBacteria
Strep ThroatStrep Throat
Bacterial Bacterial PneumoniaPneumonia
Food PoisoningFood Poisoning
Protozoan
• Trichomonas Vaginalis
• Plasmodium Vivax– Malaria
Viruses
• Common cold
• Mononucleosis
• Warts
Fungi
• Athlete’s Foot
– Tinea pedis
• Ringworm
Chain of InfectionChain of Infection
HostHost
Infectious Infectious MicroorganismMicroorganism
Mode of Mode of TransmissionTransmission Vector/ FomiteVector/ Fomite
ReservoirReservoir
6 Steps of Infection
Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multiplication
Damage
Outcome
6 Steps of Infection
Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multiplication
Damage
Outcome
Which of these steps if stopped can prevent infection?
What can health care workers do to prevent them?
Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial Infections
Infections Infections originating in the originating in the hospital; an hospital; an infection not infection not present before present before admittance to admittance to the hospital.the hospital.
Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial Infections
Iatrogenic Iatrogenic InfectionInfection
Compromised Compromised PatientsPatients
Patient FloraPatient Flora Hospital Hospital
EnvironmentEnvironment Bloodborne Bloodborne
PathogensPathogens
Third Degree Burn
The skin: the body’s first natural defense to disease
Universal Precautions
Since there is no way you can know if a person is infected, you should ALWAYS use universal precautions:
Wash your hands Wear gloves Handle sharp objects carefully Properly clean all spills Wear mask, eye protection, and apron if
splashing is a possibility.
Airborne Precautions
Patients infected with pathogens that remain suspended in air for long periods on aerosol droplets or dust.
TB, Chickenpox, Measles Respiratory protection must be worn when
entering pt room. Pt should wear mask.
Droplet Precautions
Patients infected with pathogens that disseminate through large particulate droplets expelled from coughing, sneezing, or even talking.
Rubella, Mumps, Influenza Surgical mask must be worn when within 3
feet of the pt. Pt should wear a mask.
Contact Precautions
Patients infected with pathogens that spread by direct contact with the pt or by indirect contact with a contaminated object (bedrail, pt dressing).
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Hepatitis A, Varicella, Flesh-eating Virus
All PPE should be used and equipment must be disinfected after use.
Controlling the spread of Disease
• Chemotherapy
• Immunization
• Asepsis– Medical– Surgical
• Disinfectants
Physical Methods of Controlling Diseases
• Handwashing• Standard
Precautions– Gloving– Gowns– Face masks– Eyewear
Handwashing
Single most important means of preventing the spread of infection.
7 to 8 minutes of washing to remove the microbes present, depending on the number present.
Most effective portion of handwashing is the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together.
Types of Nosocomial Infections
Iatrogenic Infection – related to physician activities
Compromised Patients - weakened resistance; immunosuppressed
Patient Flora - microbes in healthy people Contaminated Hospital Environment Bloodborne Pathogens – Hepatitis B and HIV
So What, and Who Cares?
Students and Techs are challenged both physically and mentally by the microbial world. In this world of newly found, life-threatening diseases, education has become the key to survival. Health care providers must be committed to infection control so that diseases can be conquered!
Syphilis in the eye
infection spread
Infection Control per JCAHO
Fingernail Compliance
No more than ¼ inch long
No artificial nails
No chips on nail polish
When do you wash your hands?
When hands are visibly soiled Before and after patient contact After removal of gloves After using the toilet After blowing or wiping the nose Upon leaving an isolation area
When do you wash your hands?
Before Eating
How long do you wash?
10-15 Seconds
What are some examples of proper usage of gloves? Wear gloves when you anticipate possible
contamination When handling chemicals like disinfectants for
cleaning Remove gloves immediately after performing
task and performing hand hygiene Hallways should be considered a
“glove free zone”
When do you use disinfectant jell?
Before and after patient care when hands are not visibly soiled
Before performing invasive procedures for hand decontamination
To decontaminate hands after contact with patient’s intact skin, i.e., after taking vital signs
What are examples of Standard Precautions?
What are examples of Standard Precautions? Use of PPE (personal protective
equipment) Protective housekeeping Practicing good hygiene
What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions?
What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions?
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Review
Microorganisms Disease Pathogen Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoan 6 Steps of Infection
Chain of Infection Nosocomial Infection Controlling Disease Physical Methods of
Controlling Diseases Handwashing Standard Precautions Universal Precautions
Asepsis
• Two types:– Surgical(sterilization)– Medical
Asepsis
• Chemical • Physical
Standard Precautions
Any possible contact with blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes
In x-ray rooms:hand-washingglovingPPEneedle recappingbio-spills
Transmission Based Precautions
Considered whenever a patient is infected with known disease
airbornedropletcontact
Questions?
• Infection Control