Industrial Revolution or Industrialization?

• Eli Whitney• Steamboats• Andrew Carnegie• Erie Canal• Transcontinental RxR• Telephone• Oil

• Cotton Gin• Mass Production• Coal Mining• Cars• John Rockefeller• Samuel Morse• Steel• John Deere

Industrial Revolution Industrialization

• Early 1800s (1830-1860)

• Textile Mills in New England (Lowell)

• Steamboats & Canals• Inventions = Cotton

Gin, Plow, Reaper• Population = 30

million

• Late 1800s (1870-1910)

• Steel Factories (NYC, Chicago, Pitt.)

• Railroads & Cars• Inventions =

Telephone, Electricity• Population = 80-90

million

CRQ ANSWERS

1. The three railroads are the Erie, Hudson River, and NY Central.

2. Railroads need oil, coal, and lumber.

3. Railroads helped create demand for goods and opened new markets.

4. The railroad had control over government decisions.

Sports and History

• Philadelphia 76ers• Philadelphia Eagles• Boston Celtics• NY Mets• Denver Nuggets• 49ers• New England Patriots• Tampa Bay Buccaneers • Washington Nationals• San Francisco 49ers

• Seattle Mariners

• Minnesota Twins

• Houston Texans

• Kansas City Chiefs

• New Orleans Saints

• Minnesota Vikings

• St Louis Blues

• Indianapolis Colts

• Washington Capitals

• Ne Orleans Saints

• Green Bay Packers

Vanderbilt (early life)

• Invested in steamboats in the early 1800s

• Controlled the NY Central RxR from NYC-Buffalo

• Nickname was “Commodore”

• Goals: Hire the most workers & run a business with no competition

• Network- System of connected lines

• Pooling- To divide business & set prices

• Consolidating- Combining many businesses into one. (eliminating competition)

• Rebates- Giving discounts to loyal customers

Late Life

• Gave $1 million dollars to start Vanderbilt University

• Died 100 million rich

• Considered a ruthless businessman

Group Responsibilities

1. Read the Carnegie Biography

2. Summarize Carnegie’s life in a powerpoint document

3. Create a (political) cartoon

4. Write a poem/rap about Carnegie’s life

5. Give presentation

CRQ Answers

1. Iron Ore, limestone, and coal are needed to make steel.

2. The blast furnace makes raw steel.

3. Raw steel became finished steel in Carnegie mills.

4. Carnegie kept his costs low by owning all the steps in making steel.

Andrew Carnegie

Early life

1. Emigrated from Scotland at 13 “Rags to Riches”

2. 1st Jobs- Bobbin Boy, Telegraph Operator, RxR Supervisor

Businessman

• Bessemer Process- Cheap steel production from England

• Business called Carnegie Steel in Pittsburgh, Penn. (1st Billion dollar)

• Created a Monopoly- Company that controls all of a certain business

• Vertical Integration- Owning all the steps in producing a product (raw materials to finished steel)

• Cuts workers wages by 26% at Homestead plant

• Homestead strike- 1880s strike by 3,000 steel workers union members

Retirement• Sold out to J.P.

Morgan for 425 million Carnegie steel now U.S. steel

• Philanthropist- people that donate fortunes that benefit society

• Wrote “Gospel of Wealth” (rich must help society)

John D. Rockefeller

"The impression was gaining ground with me that it was a good thing to let the money be my servant and not make myself a slave to the money…"

Early Life…• Born in NY• Shipping and Railroad

worker ages 13-25• “King of Oil

REFINING”

Businessman

1. oil refining

2. Horizontal Integration- Owning all of one step in making a product. (oil refining)

3. Formed a Trust- Combining small companies into one large company. (MONOPOLY)

4. Business called STANDARD OIL (Cleveland, Ohio)

5. Owned 90% of all oil refineries in the U.S.

5. Used violent and ruthless business tactics against RxR’s and competition

6. Robber Baron- People who get rich off the work of others

In the End…

• Philanthropist to (schools, churches, foundations)

• Standard Oil monopoly is broken up by the gov’t (Chevron, Exxon, Mobil)

Happy Halloweenie!!!

Big Business good?

1. They help _________ business & the economy

2. Free-Enterprise-Citizens create and control their own business

3. They _________ _______ to society

4. They help keep ________ and ________ even

5. Help America ______ into an ____________ power

Big Business Bad?

1. Large gap between the _____ and _____

2. They use ________ amounts of natural ___________

3. Eliminate __________

4. Pay ____ ______ to their __________

5. _________ government officials

Government’s Role?

• Laissez-Faire (“hands-off) from 1870-1890

• Interstate Commerce Act- 1st law to set regulations to railroads (weak)

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act- Law that set rules for Trusts and Monopolies (1890)

Small, Med., or Large Business?

• Cooper Vision• Kodak• Nike• Dollar General• China Panda• Wegmans• Home Depot• JP Morgan• Gap• Scottsville Diner

• Slices• Microsoft• Amy Rose• US Steel• Google• Bill Gray’s• AOL• Wal-Mart• Carnegie Steel

Managers • Wanted:

• Weapons:

1. Lockout-

2. Blacklist-

3. Fired workers for trying to assemble as a group (Unionize)

4. Scabs-

Labor

• Wanted:

• Weapons:1. Strike- 2. Great RxR strike in 1877

& 1902 Coal Miners Strike

3. Labor Union-

4. Knights of Labor(KOL)-

5. American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Allowed skilled labor to join the union based on job skills (carpenters v. )

6. AFL founder Samuel Gompers

Samuel Gompers (AFL founder)

The Haymarket Affair

• Strike in Chicago by workers of the McCormick company 1887

• Workers wanted an 8 hour day

• Bomb thrown at police • Workers seen as

violent• People lost faith in the

Knights of Labor

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

• Nationwide RxR strike• Railroad companies

cut wages• United Railway

Workers (URW) strike• Military used to stop

strike• Labor Unions lose

strength

Coal Miners Strike

• Pennsylvania coal mines 1902

• Company Town- Town controlled by industry

• Miners strike for wages• Mother Jones fights

against child labor• 1st win for higher wages

by labor

CRQ Answers

• The process in the drawing is an assembly line

• The assembly line is different because one person completed one task

• One positive effect on a worker is that they became very good at their job

• One negative effect on a worker is that it was boring

Inventors R-22

1. Alexander Graham Bell

2. George Eastman

3. Thomas Edison

4. Henry Ford

• General Electric (GE) corporation is founded

• Sears introduces mail order catalogs

• AT&T begins as a company

• Ford Motor Co. opens in Michigan

• Kodak Corporation • Hollywood and motion

pictures • Women get jobs at

switchboard operators

• Mass production- Making large amounts of a product fast

• Had over 1,000 inventions

• Led to transatlantic communication

• Invented the Phonograph that recorded sound

• Specialization- Workers that perform one task

• The Advertisement industry is introduced

• Wizard of Menlo Park, NJ

Thomas Edison

• “Inventions are 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration”

Alexander Graham Bell

The Assembly Line

1 card 4 questions

1. What was the “old” way of making cars?

2. How did Ford change the way of producing cars?

3. How did the assembly line improve manufacturing in America?

4. What are 2 positives and 2 negatives for assembly line workers?

The Model T

• 1 car every 90 seconds

• Only in black• $290 dollars• Must speak English• Workers paid $5.00

per day (double any other factory job)