indo german energy programme
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
1/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 1 of 1
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
9. Basis for measurements and parameters to be monitored
9.1 Fuel
Coal is a natural product. For this reasons its chemical, physical and technological
properties depend on the herbal starting substances and the geometrical conditions during
carbonisation. The knowledge of chemical, physical and technological properties of coal is
of utmost importance for its use as fuel in combustion plants. A German Standard,
DIN 51700, defines the most important analysis procedures for the uniform description of
properties of solid fuels.
To assess the coal, a distinction is made between the pit coal as delivered and the water
and ash -free substance (waf). The moisture and ash-free substance contains only the
burnable parts of the solid and volatile elements. Prerequisite for smooth operation are the
knowledge of and information about these characteristics and properties.
The following overview shows the most important characteristics:
Calorific value
Ash content
Water content
Volatile elements
Sulphur content
Elementary analysis of the ash
Melting behaviour of the ash
Mineral size fraction of the pit coal
Composition of the mixture
Elementary analysis of the coal
Apparent weight
Grinding fineness of the pulverised fuel
Grindability of the coal
If the fuel sample is taken from the material as delivered, it is called "raw". Water-free (waf)
is the term for the fuel dried at 106C until reaching constant weight. The water- and ash-
free fuel results from deducing the ash content from the water-free fuel. This does not
correspond exactly to the ballast ratio, as during ashing the mineral portion may partly
change.
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
2/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 2 of 2
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
9.2 Heat ing value
To assess the heating value, the two terms upper heating value and lower heating value are
of importance. The upper heating value (Ho) is the amount of heat released during the
complete and perfect combustion of a certain amount of fuel. During the combustion, the
water content must be evaporated by the flue gases. For this reason, the water evaporation
heat must be deducted from the upper heating value (Ho) in order to receive the actual
lower heating value (Hu).
9.3 Wate r content
The moisture content of the coal, which is relevant for assessment and calculation, is
composed of the rough and the hygroscopic moisture. The rough moisture or surface
water is the moisture, which evaporates when the fuels are exposed to air at room
temperature.
The hygroscopic moisture is the moisture, which additionally evaporates during drying of
the fuels at 106 C.
In order to determine the total moisture content, 100 g of coal is weighed accurately to
0.01 g in a shallow dish and dried until reaching a constant weight after about 3 hours.
100c
bacontentWater
= [%]
a = dish and coal (moist) [g]
b = dish and coal (dry) [g]
c = coal (moist) [g]
9.4 Ash con ten t
The determination of the ash content is supposed to provide information on the content of
inorganic (non-burnable) elements.
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
3/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 3 of 3
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
The term "ash" refers to the combustion residues of the solid elements obtained at a
temperature of 815C. This residue is coadunate with the coal b ut a loosely mixed-in part
of the extracted material.
In order to determine the ash content according to DIN 51701, 1 g of processed coal is
weighed accurately to 0.0001 g. Together with the porcelain dish, the sample is inserted
into the cold muffler, and then it is slowly heated and completely burnt. After cooling
down it is weighed again and calculated as follows.
100c
ab)freemoisture(Ash = [%]
a = dish [g]
b = dish and ash [g]
c = coal (as weighed) [g]
Conversion of the ash content to the pit coal:
100
contentWater100)freemoisture(Ash)raw(Ash
= [%]
9.5 Volati le elements
Volatile elements are decomposition products of the organic fuel substance which leak out
as gases or vapours during the airtight heating of solid fuels up to around 900C. The
remaining residue is called crucible coke.
According to their volatile elements, the coals are classified in grades.
To determine the volatile elements, 1.000g of analysis sample is degassed in a quartz
crucible covered with a loose cover at 900C for 6 to 7 minutes. The degassed elements are
calculated as volatile elements in the following manner:
100c
ba)freemoisture(componentsVolatile
= [%]
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
4/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 4 of 4
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
a = quartz crucible and coal (moisture free) [g]
b = quartz crucible and residue [g]
c = coal as weighed (moisture free) [g]
9.6 Sulphur
Apart from waste material, the sulphur content in solid fuels ranges between 0.1% and 2 %.
Depending on the bond, a distinction is made between organic and mineral sulphur. The
absolute amount of sulphur content would not matter if the SO2 emissions were not ofsuch importance today.
Organic sulphur is contained in the organic substance of the coal, whereas the mineral
sulphur derives from the ballast. The sulphur determination is effected according to
DIN 51724. The fuel analysis always specifies the total sulphur content.
9.7 Mel ting behaviour
The melting behaviour of the ash is an important indicator for the assessment of theslagging behaviour of coal ashes. For the slagging of the heating surface, it is important to
know the softening temperature of the ashes for all coal boilers.
An important characteristic for melting boilers is the flow temperature. The analysis
described in the following is designed to offer a comparison between different ashes
concerning their melting behaviour.
A compact of fuel ashes is heated in a slightly reducing or oxidising atmosphere. The
deformations which occur at different temperatures are a characteristic for the melting
behaviour.
The most important deformations:
Softening point (first indications for a deformation)
Melting point (specimen is hemispherical)
Flow point (ash becomes liquid)
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
5/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 5 of 5
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
The melting behaviour of the ash depends on its composition. Lime, iron oxide and
alkaline salts reduce the melting point. Alumina and silicic acid increase the melting point.
Typical characteristics of the melting behaviour:
Short slags (little temperature difference between melting and flow
temperature)
Long slags (big temperature difference between melting and flow
temperature)
9.8 Grindability
The grindability characterises the necessary energy input for grinding coal. A method
which is often used is the Hardgrove procedure. This method is based on the law as set up
by Rittinger according to which the effort necessary for grinding is proportional to the
newly created surface.
In this procedure developed in the USA, a coal sample with a set grain size (0.5 to 1.2 mm)
is ground in a determined time unit. The screening occurs with an R 0.075 screen and is
compared to a reference coal.
Particularly for dust firing, the grinding of coal is of importance. Coals with a longer
carbonisation time have a reduced content of volatile ingredients, and they are harder.
According to empirical assessments there is a connection between the volatile elements
and the grindability. A low index means higher effort for grinding than would be necessary
for coal with a higher Hardgrove index. The grindability also depends on the mineral
content (ash) and its composition.
9.9 Air flue gas
On the basis of a basic measurement, the efficiencies of the individual components and
eventually the overall efficiency of the plant are to be determined. This requires a whole
range of individual measurements. In some parts of the system continuous measurements
have to be carried out, while in other parts of the system all lines have to be measured at
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
6/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 6 of 6
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
the same time. The combustion system, i.e. the individual burner pipes, is an example of
this.
At this point, reference is made neither to the measurement set up not to the
measurement itself; only the measuring points shall be mentioned.
The fo llowing components of the air / flue gas system have to be measured:
Life air fans,
Induced draft fans,
Fans of the flue gas desulphurisation (FGD fans),
Flue gas return fans,
Mill and exhaust vapour fans,
Fans for pneumatic conveyance, i.e. carrying air for coal dust, air-borne
coke, ashes, shot beading etc.
Air lock fans for Ljungstrm air preheaters,
Fans for cooling towers and air condensators,
Ventilation and deaeration fans,
Air wheels for cooling the winding of electric motors and generators.
To determine the individual efficiency, the following parameters have to be measured in
individual systems: electrical power, pressure, temperature, mass flow, differential
pressure and oxygen content (O 2). When the measuring data are determined, wear,
pollution and leakages have to be taken into account; at least they should be documented.
9.10 Dat a requi red
The data required for assessing the efficiency, output, capacity, steam temperature
control, exist gas and air entering temperatures, water /steam pressure drops, air / gas
pressure drops, air infiltration, fuel, air and gas flows are given in the following tables.
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
7/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 7 of 7
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Ta bl e 1: Parameters required for efficiency determination by energy balance method (Source
ASME PTC 4)
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
DRY GAS LOSS
Fuel Analysis
% O 2 in Flue Gas
Flue Gas Temperature
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
UNBURNED CARBON
% Carbon in Residue
Residue Split
Sorbent Analysis
Sorbent Rate
Fuel Rate
% CO2 in Residue
SO2/O2 Flue Gas
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
M
C/M
M
M
C/M
M
M
WATER FROM H2 IN FUEL LOSS
Fuel Analysis
Flue Gas Temperature
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
WATER FROM H2O IN FUEL LOSS
Fuel Analysis
Flue Gas Temperature
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
MOISTURE IN AIR LOSS
Fuel Analysis
Flue Gas O2
Dry-Bulb Temperature
Wet-Bulb Temperature
Or Relative Humidity
Barometric Pressure
Flue Gas Temperature
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
M/E
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
UNBURNED CARBON RESIDUE LOSS
Fuel Analysis
% Carbon in Residue
Residue SplitSorbent Analysis
Sorbent Rate
% CO2 in Residue
SO2/O2 in Flue Gas
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRIPRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
MM
C/M
M
M
UNBURNED H 2 IN RESIDUE LOSS
% H2 in residue
SEC
PRI
E
M
CO IN FLUE GAS LOSS
Items for excess air
CO in flue gas
SEC
PRI
PRI
M/E
M
M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
8/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 8 of 8
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
PULVERIZER REJECTS LOSS
Pulverizer Rejects Rate
Pulverizer Rejects Analysis
Pulverizer Outlet Temperature
Fuel Rate
Fuel Analysis
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
E
M/E
M/E
M
C/M
M
UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS IN FLUE
GAS LOSS
Hydrocarbons in Flue Gas
HHV of Reference Gas
SEC
PRI
PRI
E
M
M
Sensible heat of residue loss
Residue split
Temp of residue
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
M/C/E
M
Hot air quality control equipment loss
Flue gas temperature entering
Flue gas temperature leaving
%O2 in flue gas entering
%O2 in flue gas leaving
Wet gas weight entering
Wet gas weight leaving
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
M
M
C
C
Air inflation loss
Inflation airflow
Inflation air temperature
Exit gas temperature
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
M
Formation of NO x loss
NOx in flue gas
Wet gas weight
SEC
PRI
PRI
M/E
M/E
C
Radiation and convention l0ss
Stream generator surface area
Local ambient air temperature
Local surface temperature
Local surface air velocity
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
C
M/E
M/E
E
Additional moisture lossMass flow of moisture
Flue gas temperature
Feed water pressure
Feed water temperature
Fuel flow
SECPRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
PRI
M/EM/E
M
M
M
C/M
Calcination dehydration of sorbent loss
Sorbent analysis
Fuel rate
% carbon in residue
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
C/M
M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
9/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 9 of 9
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
% CO2 in residue
Residue split
SO2/O2 in flue gas
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M/E
M
Water in sorbent loss
Sorbent analysis
Flue gas temperature
SEC
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
Wet ash pit loss SEC E
Recycled streams loss
Recycled flow
Recycle temperature entering
Recycle temperature leaving
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M/E
M
M
COOLING WATER LOSS
Cooling water Flow Rate
Temperature Water Entering
Temperature Water Leaving
Fuel Rate
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
M/E
M
M
C/M
Air preheat coil loss
(energy supplied from within boundary)
APC condensate flow rate
APCcondensate temperature
APC condensate pressure
Feed water temperature
Feed water pressure
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
M
M/C
M
M
M
M
Entering dry air credit
Entering air temperature
Excess air
Fuel analysis
Unburned carbon
Sulfur capture
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
M
M
M
M
M/E
M
Moisture in entering air credit
Moisture in air
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet- bulb temperature or relative humidityBarometric pressure
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRISEC
M/E
M/E
M
MM
Sensible heat in fuel credit
Fuel analysis
Fuel temperature entering
SEC
PRI
PRI
M
M
M/E
Sulfation credit
SO2/O2 in fuel gas
Fuel analysis
Sorbent rate
Fuel rate
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
M
C/M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
10/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 10 of 10
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
% Carbon in residue
% CO2 in residue
PRI
PRI
M
M
Auxiliary equipment power credit
Steam driven equipment
Mass flow of steam
Entering steam pressure
Entering steam temperature
Exhaust pressure
Drive efficiency
Electrical driven equipmentFor large motors:
Watt- hour reading
Drive efficiency
For small motors:
Volts
Amps
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
SEC
M/C/E
M
M
M
M
E/M
M
E/M
M
M
Sensible heat in sorbet credit
Sorbent rate
Sorbent temperature
SEC
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
Energy supplied by additional moisture credit
Mass flow rate
Entering temperature
Entering pressure
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
M
M
M
NOTES:
(1) Typical influence: PRI = Primary, SEC = Secondary
(2) Typical Source: M = Measured, C= Calculated, E = Estimated.
Tab le 2: Parameters required for efficiency determination by input-output method
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]Heat input from fuel
Fuel rate
Heating value of fuel
Fuel analysis
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M
M
M
OUTPUT PRI M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
11/16
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
12/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 12 of 12
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence[Note (2)
Auxiliary steam flow
Auxiliary steam temperature
Auxiliary steam pressure
Feed water temperature
Feed water pressure
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
M/E
M
M
M
M
Tab le 4: Parameters required for steam te mperature /control range determination
Parameter Typical Influence
[Note (1)]
Typical Influence[Note (2)]
Superheated steam generators
Main steam flow
Blowdown flow
Extraction flow
Main steam temperature
Main steam pressure
Drum pressure (if applicable)
Drum level
Feed water temperature
Feedwater pressureDesuperheated spray water flow
Desuperheated spray water temperature
Desuperheated spray water pressure
Other items required to determine output
Reheat steam generators
Reheat steam flow
Reheat out steam temperature
Reheat out steam pressure
Reheat in steam temperature
Reheat out steam pressure
Reheat desuperheating spray water flow
Reheat desperheating spray water temperatureReheat desuperheating spray water pressure
Related parameters
Excess air
Gas proportioning damper
Flue gas recirculation flowBlowdown
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SECPRI
PRI
SEC
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRISEC
M
M/E
M
M
M
M
M
MM
M
M
M/C/E
M
M
M
M
M
M
MM
M
M
M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
13/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 13 of 13
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Tab le 5: Parameters required for excess air determination
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
Excess air
Fuel analysis PRI
M
M
Unburned carbon
% carbon in residue
Residue split
% O2 in flue gas
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
C/E
M
M/E
M
O2 wet basis moisture in air
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature
Or relative humidity
Barometric pressure
Additional moisture
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
C/E
M
M
M
M
M
Sorbent analysis
Ca/s molar ratio
Sorbent rate
Fuel rate
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
C/E
M
C/M
Calcination
% CO2 in Residue
PRI
PRI
C/E
M
Sulphur capture
SO2/O2 in flue gas
PRI
PRI
C/E
M
Tab le 6: Parameters required for water / steam pressure drop determination
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
Super heater pressure drop
Superheater outlet pressure
Superheater inlet (drum) pressure
Main steam flow
Feedwater flow
Blowdown flow
Extraction flow
Superheater spray flow
Superheater outlet steam temperatures
Superheater inlet steam temperature
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
PRI
SEC
SEC
M/C
M
M
M
M
M/E
M
C/M
M
M
Reheater pressure drop
Reheater inlet steam pressure
Reheater outlet steam pressure
Reheater flow
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/C
M
M
C/M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
14/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 14 of 14
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
Feedwater heater extraction flow
Turbine leakage
Steam extraction flow
Reheater spray water flow
Reheater inlet steam temperature
Reheater outlet steam temperature
PRI
SEC
PRI
PRI
SEC
SEC
C/M
E
M
M
M
M
Economizer pressure drop
Economizer water inlet pressure
Economizer water outlet (drum) pressure
Feedwater flowSuperheated spray water flow
Economizer water inlet temperature
Economizer water outlet temperature
PRI
PRI
PRIPRI
SEC
SEC
M/C
M
M
MM/C
M
M
Tab le 7: Parameters required for air / flue gas pressure drop determination
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
AIR SIDE RESISTANCE
Forced draft fan discharge pressureAir heater inlet pressure
Air heater outlet pressure
Winbox pressure
Furnance pressure
Air flow
Main steam flow
Air temperature
PRIPRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
SEC
M/C
MM
M
M
M
C
M
M
GAS SIDE RESISTANCE
Furnance pressure
Super heater inlet pressure
Superheater outlet pressure
Reheater inlet pressure
Reheater outlet pressure
Generating bank inlet pressure
Generating bank outlet pressure
Economizer inlet pressure
Economizer outlet pressure
Air quality control equipment inlet pressure
Air quality control equipment outlet pressure
Air heater gas inlet pressure
Air heater gas outlet pressure
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/C
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
15/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 15 of 15
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Flue gas flow rate
Main steam flow
Flue gas temperature
PRI
SEC
SEC
C
M
M
Tab le 8: Parameters required for air infiltration determination
Parameter Typical
Influence [Note (1)]
Typical
Influence [Note (2)]
Infiltration based on measured o2
Excess air entering component
Flue gas O2 entering component
Excess air leaving component
Flue gas O2 leaving component
Infiltration by energy balance
Flue gas rate entering air heater
Flue gas O2 entering air heater
Fuel analysis
Flue gas temperature entering air heater
Flue gas temperature leaving air heater
Air temperature entering air heaterAir temperature leaving air heater
Moisture in air
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
SEC
PRI
PRI
PRIPRI
SEC
C
M
C
M
C
C
M
M
M
M
MM
M/E
Tab le 9: Parameters required for fuel, air and flue gas flow determination
Parameter Typical Influence [Note (1)] Typical Influence Note (2)]
Input from fuel
Fuel rate (measured)
Fuel rat (calculated)
Output
Fuel efficiency
Fuel analysis
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
C
M
C
M
Wet air flow rate
Excess air
Moisture in air
PRI
PRI
C
C
C
Wet gas flow rate
Fuel analysis
Unburned carbon
% carbon in residue
PRI
PRI
PRI
C
M
M/E
M
-
8/14/2019 Indo German Energy Programme
16/16
Indo German Energy Programme
Page 16 of 16
Annexure IX Date 09.09.2008
Output 1.1
D:\Guptha\Steag\GTZ\Output 1\Output1.1\Final report 23 July 08\Annexures\NEW AnnexureIX.doc
Parameter Typical Influence [Note (1)] Typical Influence Note (2)]
Residue split
Excess air
Moisture in air
Additional moisture
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M/E
M/E
M/E
M/E
Sorbent analysis
Ca/S MOLAR RATIO
CALCINATION
Sulpher capture
PRI
PRI
PRI
PRI
M
M/E
M/E
M/E