increasing the efficiency of soil nutrient …...improve soil fertility improve the distribution of...
TRANSCRIPT
Increasing the efficiency of
soil nutrient management in
Northern Ireland
Suzanne Higgins
Agriculture in Northern Ireland
Agriculture 998ha (74% total land area)
Farms: 25,000 Av. Farm Size:40.1 ha
Rich, fertile high organic matter soils, Ideal for grass
growth. Small field size
Dairy: Average Enterprise Size: 88
Milk: 27% of NI Agricultural Output
Beef: Average Enterprise Size: 17
Sheep: Average
Enterprise Size: 209
Small Areas Cereals
& Potatoes
High Rainfall Climate
1000-2000 mm rainfall
Annually
Soils can be
saturated
or above field
capacity
for >250 days per
year
• Soil Compaction
• Nutrient loss to
waterways
Challenges for Agriculture in NI
Soil Managing Nutrients
Water
Reducing P losses to
waterways
Air
Mitigating GHG & NH3 Emissions
Sustainable Production
Soil Nutrient Management
• The Agri-Food Strategy Board’s “Going for Growth” has set
ambitious targets for NI’s agri-food sector, including a target
of a 60% growth in sales by 2020.
• In a report published in 2016 ‘The
Sustainable Agricultural Land
Management Strategy for NI’ the
following was highlighted:
Grass utilisation is significantly below
optimum
Less than 10% of farmland has an up-
to-date soil analysis
64% of our soils are at sub-optimum
pH
Soil Sampling and Analysis Scheme
• EU funded
• Supported by
Soil Sampling and Analysis Scheme
• Objectives
• Improve PROFITABILITY
Increase grass and forage yields
Improve soil fertility
Improve the distribution of manure nutrients
• Improve the ENVIRONMENT
Reduce risk of nutrient loss to water bodies
Structure 1. The Open Scheme
2. The Catchment Scheme
The Open Scheme
• Open to all eligible livestock farmers
• 3,030 farms registered (Online registration)
• 522 farms randomly selected (12,218 fields)
The Catchment Scheme
Upper Bann River Catchment with 11 sub-
catchments to be soil tested in the Catchment
Scheme
The Catchment Scheme
• Open to all eligible livestock
farmers in 11 sub-catchments
• 513 farms registered out of total
of 654 (78%)
• 7,772 fields sampled out of 10,063
in 11 Sub-catchments (77%)
Dots are a graphical representation only, and are not indicative of
specific farm locations
The Catchment Scheme
• Open to all eligible livestock farmers
in 11 sub-catchments
• 513 farms registered out of total
of 654 (78%)
• 7,772 fields sampled out of 10,063
in 11 Sub-catchments (77%)
• LiDAR based P run-off risk maps were
generated all participating farms LiDAR
technology
Sample collection
Sample verification
Sample preparation
Sample reporting
Results – Soil P 50% of fields on dairy farms >
Index 2
37% of fields on beef farms >
Index 2
50
37
35
P Over-Supply (%)
Dairy Beef Sheep
Dairy farms 15% fields < Index 2
Beef farms 27% fields < Index 2
Sheep farms 31% < Index 2
Catchment Scheme – Run-off Risk
Mapping
• Risk maps for P run-off were prepared using LiDAR digital elevation data, soil Olsen and WSP
concentrations, soil wetness index and hydrology information
• Yellow = high risk of run-off of newly applied fertiliser or manure-P
• Purple dots = expected points of run-off entry into water-ways.
• Approximately 10% of farmland in Upper Bann to be at high risk of fertiliser/manure-P run-off
• Strategies to mitigate P loss to water could include avoiding slurry application to certain fields during
early spring, and use of targeted riparian zones to prevent run-off reaching water-ways.
Open Scheme – Soil K Status
24% of fields had
K < Index 2-
20
26
33
K Under-Supply (%)
Dairy Beef Sheep
Adding extra slurry or potash on 20% of dairy area and 26% of beef area
could result in 400 kt/yr extra grass DM worth £40 million
(gross)/yr
Soil pH and Lime Status
Overall 43% of grassland requires lime
Fields at sub-optimal soil pH could be losing 2 t DM/ha/yr
Correcting soil pH could result in an increase of
1.95 million tonnes DM (1 t DM/ha/yr for 5 years)
Potentially worth £195 million (£100/t DM)
• 71% of farmers in Open Scheme attended training sessions in Nutrient
Management Planning
• 42% of farmers in Catchment Scheme attended training sessions
• 57% over all
Farmer Participation in Training
More efficient management of nutrients
on farms • Soil test regularly – every 4-5 years
• Optimum soil fertility enhances nutrient cycling and soil health
• Improved yields
• Careful management to minimise compaction damage
• New technology can help increase efficiency
Thank You