impianti a combustibile fossile impianti a combustibile

Impianti a Combustibile Fossile

Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

Impianti a Combustibile Fossile, Simulazione Stazionaria e “Time

Dependent”Dependent

Giuseppe MessinaGiuseppe Messina

Workshop NazionaleSimulazione del Sistema Energetico

25 – 26 Marzo 201525 26 Marzo 2015Roma

Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

S l li l “ t t t” Solar eclipse: a real “stress test”

Flexibility from power generation

Dynamic simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle

Static simulations of S-CO2 Power Cycles

SSolar Eclipse: a real “stress test” olar Eclipse: a real “stress test” Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

People watch as a solar eclipse beginsPeople watch as a solar eclipse beginsPeople watch as a solar eclipse begins People watch as a solar eclipse begins over the Eden Project near St Austell in over the Eden Project near St Austell in Cornwall, England, March 20, 2015. Cornwall, England, March 20, 2015. Ben Birchall / AP PhotoBen Birchall / AP PhotoFrom: abcnews.go.comFrom: abcnews.go.com

SSolar Eclipse: a real “stressolar Eclipse: a real “stress--test”test”Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

34 GW34 GW

10:41 CET10:41 CET

From: ENTSOEFrom: ENTSOE -- Solar Eclipse 2015Solar Eclipse 2015 -- Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015From: ENTSOE From: ENTSOE Solar Eclipse 2015 Solar Eclipse 2015 Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015

SSolar Eclipse: a real “stressolar Eclipse: a real “stress--test”test”Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

From: ENTSOE From: ENTSOE -- Solar Eclipse 2015 Solar Eclipse 2015 -- Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015

Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

0 10 20 30 0 50 100 0 10 20 0 20 40Start‐up time [hours] Ramp rate [% per min] Time from 0 to full rate [hour] Minimum stable load factor [%]

Hydro

Nuclear

OCGT

Coal (conventional)

0 10 20 30

CCGT

0 50 100 0 10 20 0 20 40

• Hydro generation can respond more quickly than other technologies, but the resource is geographically limited

• Open Cycle Gas Turbines are therefore very often considered• For the traditional base load power plants, a change in operation would translate

into reduced load factors, while maintenance cost increase and thus lower fi i l

From: IEA From: IEA –– Energy Technology Perspectives 2012Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

financial revenue

Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

and with CCS?and with CCS?and...with CCS?and...with CCS?New operational constraintsNew operational constraintsLarger startLarger start--up timeup timeHigher CAPEX and OPEXHigher CAPEX and OPEX

Results:Results:CCS can meet the futureCCS can meet the futureCCS can meet the future CCS can meet the future flexibility requirementsflexibility requirements

OCGT OCGT withoutwithout CCS still CCS still continue to be a viable continue to be a viable costcost--effective option for peak effective option for peak loadload

R. Domenichini et Al, R. Domenichini et Al, Operating Flexibility of Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Energy ProcediaOperating Flexibility of Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Energy Procedia, 2013, 2013


Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationThe COMSO Laboratory approachThe COMSO Laboratory approach

EGR GT CycleEGR GT CycleHIGHHIGH

y ppy pp

Oxy GT CycleOxy GT CycleTRLTRL

SS--COCO22 CCGT CycleCCGT Cycle

SS--COCO22 GT CycleGT Cycle

LOWLOW

COMSOCOMSO Laboratory is developing a new approach to Laboratory is developing a new approach to meet CCS and flexibility:meet CCS and flexibility:

••EGREGR and and Oxy GTOxy GT CyclesCycles could be midcould be mid--term solutionsterm solutionsyy yy

••SS--COCO22 CyclesCycles could be a long term unique solutioncould be a long term unique solution

COMSO Experimental Activities COMSO Experimental Activities EGR Cycle implementation on AGATUR facilityEGR Cycle implementation on AGATUR facilitySustainable Combustion

& Processes Laboratory

40 m40 m33 VesselVessel

Pressure Control ValvePressure Control Valve

Captured CO2Captured CO2

G Cy p G U yG Cy p G U y

40 m40 m33 VesselVessel

100 kW micro100 kW micro GTGT

Slightly Over Atmospheric Pressure CO2Slightly Over Atmospheric Pressure CO2

O2 S lO2 S l 100 kW micro100 kW micro‐‐GTGT

Gas ExtractorGas Extractor

O2 SupplyO2 Supply

CO2 + CO2 + H2OH2O

Dry Dry CO2CO2

Gas CoolerGas Cooler Cold Cold WaterWater

Hot WaterHot WaterCondensateCondensate

Natural Natural GasGas

G. MessinaG. Messina

Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle: numerical model validationCycle: numerical model validationSustainable Combustion

& Processes Laboratory yy

650

700

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

10,00

TOT (°C) Err (%)

66000

68000

70000

1,00

2,00

Err (%)RPM

500

550

600

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

58000

60000

62000

64000

0,00

,

400

450

500

960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220-10,00

-9,00

-8,00

-7,00

-6,00

-5,00

-4,00

50000

52000

54000

56000

960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220-2,00

-1,00

TIME (S)

4,00

4,50

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

Err (%)PR

960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220TIME

90

100

15,00

20,00

Err (%)POW (KW)

2,50

3,00

3,50

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

60

70

80

0,00

5,00

10,00

1 00

1,50

2,00

9 00

-8,00

-7,00

-6,00

-5,00

-4,00

-3,00

-2,00

30

40

50

-15,00

-10,00

-5,00

1,00960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220

-9,00

TIME (s)

20960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220

-20,00

TIME (S)

G.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funG.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funzionamento della microzionamento della micro--turbina Turbec turbina Turbec T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013

Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle: air + CO2 Cycle: air + CO2 GT working fluidGT working fluidSustainable Combustion

& Processes Laboratory yy gg

90

95

100 •• time integration 1/10 stime integration 1/10 s

•• 60% of nominal power60% of nominal power

70

75

80

85 •• RPM based control strategyRPM based control strategy

as expected:as expected:

50

55

60

65

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560

•• increase of the compressor pressure ratioincrease of the compressor pressure ratio

•• increase of the electrical power outputincrease of the electrical power output

•• increase of the exhaust gas COincrease of the exhaust gas CO22 contentcontent0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560

POW % RPM% TOT % POUT% TIME (S)

0,7

0,8

increase of the exhaust gas COincrease of the exhaust gas CO22 contentcontent

•• the experimental activity is required to the experimental activity is required to assess the content of CO in exhaust gasassess the content of CO in exhaust gas

0,4

0,5

0,6

0 0

0,1

0,2

0,3

G.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funG.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funzionamento della microzionamento della micro--turbina Turbec turbina Turbec T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013

0,00 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560

Nitrogen Mass fraction Oxygen Mass fraction Carbon Dioxide Mass fractionWater Mass fraction Methane Mass fraction Argon Mass fraction TIME (S)

Supercritical COSupercritical CO22 Power CyclesPower Cycles

SS--COCO22 PeculiaritiesPeculiaritiesSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory 22


OXY SOXY S--COCO22 Cycle: plant layoutCycle: plant layoutSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory 22 y p yy p y

WATER SEPARATION WATER SEPARATION

HIGH PRESSURE SHIGH PRESSURE S‐‐CO2 CO2 TO STORAGETO STORAGE

& COOLING& COOLING

INTERCOOLINGINTERCOOLING

2 STAGE 2 STAGE COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

REGENERATIONREGENERATIONG. MessinaG. Messina

METANE METANE OXYOXY‐‐COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION EXPANSIONEXPANSION

REGENERATIONREGENERATION

HIGH PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE CONDENSATECONDENSATE


OXY SOXY S--COCO22 Cycle: simulation resultsCycle: simulation resultsSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory

Fuel kg/s

LHV kJ/kg

HCOMPRkW

LCOMPR kW

TURB kW

TIT°C

TOT°C

TOR°C

Oxygen kg/s

Oxygen kJ/kg

EFFkg/s kJ/kg kW kW kW C C C kg/s kJ/kg

0,01443 50010 32 80 -540 1151 781 702 0,058 42 0,535

0,01392 50010 36 83 -526 1100 734 659 0,058 42 0,525

0,01354 50010 35 83 -505 1050 696 613 0,056 40 0,511

Regenerator cold side outlet temperature is a key parameter on cycle performance, because of both direct and indirect impact through the TIT limitation.A rough sensitivity study was performed by varying TIT in order to evaluate theA rough sensitivity study was performed by varying TIT, in order to evaluate the “Technological level” on the cycle performance.The first principle efficiency LHV basis, is always more than 50%, also with a “state-of-the-art” temperature setting Energy consumption for oxygen productionstate of the art temperature setting. Energy consumption for oxygen production was included (720 kJ/kg).Beside of mechanical energy, other cycle products are a stream of “pipeline ready” CO2 (300 bar) and a water stream at 30 bar.y ( )The cycle is virtually “zero emission”.

GGiuseppe iuseppe Messina, “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle”, presentation to European Turbine Network, London, 2013Messina, “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle”, presentation to European Turbine Network, London, 2013

Supercritical CO2 Power CyclesSupercritical CO2 Power Cycles

OXYCoal fired SOXYCoal fired S--CO2 Closed CycleCO2 Closed CycleSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory OXYCoal fired SOXYCoal fired S CO2 Closed CycleCO2 Closed Cycle

G.Messina, E. Giacomazzi, “ModellaG.Messina, E. Giacomazzi, “Modellazione di un Ciclo di Potenza a CO2 Supercrtica da 48 MWt alimentato dal Loop ISOTHERM PWR”, Ricerca di zione di un Ciclo di Potenza a CO2 Supercrtica da 48 MWt alimentato dal Loop ISOTHERM PWR”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013.Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013.

SS--COCO22 ALBA Cycle ALBA Cycle the COMSO Laboratory proposal in figuresthe COMSO Laboratory proposal in figuresSustainable Combustion

& Processes Laboratory

Efficiency (LHV) after capture process

(Oxygen production included)

SPECCA: Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided. Data elaborated byENEA from: 1) Rahul Anantharaman et al. “European Best Practice Guidelines forAssessment of CO2 Capture Technologies”, CAESAR Project – FP7, 2011; 2) MatthiasFinkenrath, “Cost and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Capture from PowerGeneration”, IEA, 2011.

SS--CO2CO2 AAdvanced dvanced Liquid compression iquid compression BBrrAAyton yton CycleCycle

Patenting procedure in progressPatenting procedure in progress

CO2 emissions after capture process

Patenting procedure in progressPatenting procedure in progress


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