Impianti a Combustibile Fossile
Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
Impianti a Combustibile Fossile, Simulazione Stazionaria e “Time
Dependent”Dependent
Giuseppe MessinaGiuseppe Messina
Workshop NazionaleSimulazione del Sistema Energetico
25 – 26 Marzo 201525 26 Marzo 2015Roma
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
S l li l “ t t t” Solar eclipse: a real “stress test”
Flexibility from power generation
Dynamic simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle
Static simulations of S-CO2 Power Cycles
SSolar Eclipse: a real “stress test” olar Eclipse: a real “stress test” Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
People watch as a solar eclipse beginsPeople watch as a solar eclipse beginsPeople watch as a solar eclipse begins People watch as a solar eclipse begins over the Eden Project near St Austell in over the Eden Project near St Austell in Cornwall, England, March 20, 2015. Cornwall, England, March 20, 2015. Ben Birchall / AP PhotoBen Birchall / AP PhotoFrom: abcnews.go.comFrom: abcnews.go.com
SSolar Eclipse: a real “stressolar Eclipse: a real “stress--test”test”Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
34 GW34 GW
10:41 CET10:41 CET
From: ENTSOEFrom: ENTSOE -- Solar Eclipse 2015Solar Eclipse 2015 -- Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015From: ENTSOE From: ENTSOE Solar Eclipse 2015 Solar Eclipse 2015 Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015
SSolar Eclipse: a real “stressolar Eclipse: a real “stress--test”test”Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
From: ENTSOE From: ENTSOE -- Solar Eclipse 2015 Solar Eclipse 2015 -- Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
S l li l “ t t t” Solar eclipse: a real “stress test”
Flexibility from power generation
Dynamic simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle
Static simulations of S-CO2 Power Cycles
Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
0 10 20 30 0 50 100 0 10 20 0 20 40Start‐up time [hours] Ramp rate [% per min] Time from 0 to full rate [hour] Minimum stable load factor [%]
Hydro
Nuclear
OCGT
Coal (conventional)
0 10 20 30
CCGT
0 50 100 0 10 20 0 20 40
• Hydro generation can respond more quickly than other technologies, but the resource is geographically limited
• Open Cycle Gas Turbines are therefore very often considered• For the traditional base load power plants, a change in operation would translate
into reduced load factors, while maintenance cost increase and thus lower fi i l
From: IEA From: IEA –– Energy Technology Perspectives 2012Energy Technology Perspectives 2012
financial revenue
Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
and with CCS?and with CCS?and...with CCS?and...with CCS?New operational constraintsNew operational constraintsLarger startLarger start--up timeup timeHigher CAPEX and OPEXHigher CAPEX and OPEX
Results:Results:CCS can meet the futureCCS can meet the futureCCS can meet the future CCS can meet the future flexibility requirementsflexibility requirements
OCGT OCGT withoutwithout CCS still CCS still continue to be a viable continue to be a viable costcost--effective option for peak effective option for peak loadload
R. Domenichini et Al, R. Domenichini et Al, Operating Flexibility of Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Energy ProcediaOperating Flexibility of Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Energy Procedia, 2013, 2013
Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
Flexibility from Power GenerationFlexibility from Power GenerationThe COMSO Laboratory approachThe COMSO Laboratory approach
EGR GT CycleEGR GT CycleHIGHHIGH
y ppy pp
Oxy GT CycleOxy GT CycleTRLTRL
SS--COCO22 CCGT CycleCCGT Cycle
SS--COCO22 GT CycleGT Cycle
LOWLOW
COMSOCOMSO Laboratory is developing a new approach to Laboratory is developing a new approach to meet CCS and flexibility:meet CCS and flexibility:
••EGREGR and and Oxy GTOxy GT CyclesCycles could be midcould be mid--term solutionsterm solutionsyy yy
••SS--COCO22 CyclesCycles could be a long term unique solutioncould be a long term unique solution
COMSO Experimental Activities COMSO Experimental Activities EGR Cycle implementation on AGATUR facilityEGR Cycle implementation on AGATUR facilitySustainable Combustion
& Processes Laboratory
40 m40 m33 VesselVessel
Pressure Control ValvePressure Control Valve
Captured CO2Captured CO2
G Cy p G U yG Cy p G U y
40 m40 m33 VesselVessel
100 kW micro100 kW micro GTGT
Slightly Over Atmospheric Pressure CO2Slightly Over Atmospheric Pressure CO2
O2 S lO2 S l 100 kW micro100 kW micro‐‐GTGT
Gas ExtractorGas Extractor
O2 SupplyO2 Supply
CO2 + CO2 + H2OH2O
Dry Dry CO2CO2
Gas CoolerGas Cooler Cold Cold WaterWater
Hot WaterHot WaterCondensateCondensate
Natural Natural GasGas
G. MessinaG. Messina
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
S l li l “ t t t” Solar eclipse: a real “stress test”
Flexibility from power generation
Dynamic simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle
Static simulations of S-CO2 Power Cycles
Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle: numerical model validationCycle: numerical model validationSustainable Combustion
& Processes Laboratory yy
650
700
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
10,00
TOT (°C) Err (%)
66000
68000
70000
1,00
2,00
Err (%)RPM
500
550
600
-3,00
-2,00
-1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
58000
60000
62000
64000
0,00
,
400
450
500
960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220-10,00
-9,00
-8,00
-7,00
-6,00
-5,00
-4,00
50000
52000
54000
56000
960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220-2,00
-1,00
TIME (S)
4,00
4,50
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
Err (%)PR
960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220TIME
90
100
15,00
20,00
Err (%)POW (KW)
2,50
3,00
3,50
-1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
60
70
80
0,00
5,00
10,00
1 00
1,50
2,00
9 00
-8,00
-7,00
-6,00
-5,00
-4,00
-3,00
-2,00
30
40
50
-15,00
-10,00
-5,00
1,00960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220
-9,00
TIME (s)
20960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220
-20,00
TIME (S)
G.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funG.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funzionamento della microzionamento della micro--turbina Turbec turbina Turbec T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013
Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Dynamic Simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle: air + CO2 Cycle: air + CO2 GT working fluidGT working fluidSustainable Combustion
& Processes Laboratory yy gg
90
95
100 •• time integration 1/10 stime integration 1/10 s
•• 60% of nominal power60% of nominal power
70
75
80
85 •• RPM based control strategyRPM based control strategy
as expected:as expected:
50
55
60
65
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560
•• increase of the compressor pressure ratioincrease of the compressor pressure ratio
•• increase of the electrical power outputincrease of the electrical power output
•• increase of the exhaust gas COincrease of the exhaust gas CO22 contentcontent0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560
POW % RPM% TOT % POUT% TIME (S)
0,7
0,8
increase of the exhaust gas COincrease of the exhaust gas CO22 contentcontent
•• the experimental activity is required to the experimental activity is required to assess the content of CO in exhaust gasassess the content of CO in exhaust gas
0,4
0,5
0,6
0 0
0,1
0,2
0,3
G.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funG.Messina, C. Stringola, G.Guidarelli, A. Assettati, A. Grasso, “Simulazione del funzionamento della microzionamento della micro--turbina Turbec turbina Turbec T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013T100 con fluidi di lavoro diversi dall’aria”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013
0,00 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560
Nitrogen Mass fraction Oxygen Mass fraction Carbon Dioxide Mass fractionWater Mass fraction Methane Mass fraction Argon Mass fraction TIME (S)
Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
S l li l “ t t t” Solar eclipse: a real “stress test”
Flexibility from power generation
Dynamic simulations of AGATUR EGR Cycle
Static simulations of S-CO2 Power Cycles
Supercritical COSupercritical CO22 Power CyclesPower Cycles
SS--COCO22 PeculiaritiesPeculiaritiesSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory 22
Supercritical COSupercritical CO22 Power CyclesPower Cycles
OXY SOXY S--COCO22 Cycle: plant layoutCycle: plant layoutSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory 22 y p yy p y
WATER SEPARATION WATER SEPARATION
HIGH PRESSURE SHIGH PRESSURE S‐‐CO2 CO2 TO STORAGETO STORAGE
& COOLING& COOLING
INTERCOOLINGINTERCOOLING
2 STAGE 2 STAGE COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION
REGENERATIONREGENERATIONG. MessinaG. Messina
METANE METANE OXYOXY‐‐COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION EXPANSIONEXPANSION
REGENERATIONREGENERATION
HIGH PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE CONDENSATECONDENSATE
Supercritical COSupercritical CO22 Power CyclesPower Cycles
OXY SOXY S--COCO22 Cycle: simulation resultsCycle: simulation resultsSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
Fuel kg/s
LHV kJ/kg
HCOMPRkW
LCOMPR kW
TURB kW
TIT°C
TOT°C
TOR°C
Oxygen kg/s
Oxygen kJ/kg
EFFkg/s kJ/kg kW kW kW C C C kg/s kJ/kg
0,01443 50010 32 80 -540 1151 781 702 0,058 42 0,535
0,01392 50010 36 83 -526 1100 734 659 0,058 42 0,525
0,01354 50010 35 83 -505 1050 696 613 0,056 40 0,511
Regenerator cold side outlet temperature is a key parameter on cycle performance, because of both direct and indirect impact through the TIT limitation.A rough sensitivity study was performed by varying TIT in order to evaluate theA rough sensitivity study was performed by varying TIT, in order to evaluate the “Technological level” on the cycle performance.The first principle efficiency LHV basis, is always more than 50%, also with a “state-of-the-art” temperature setting Energy consumption for oxygen productionstate of the art temperature setting. Energy consumption for oxygen production was included (720 kJ/kg).Beside of mechanical energy, other cycle products are a stream of “pipeline ready” CO2 (300 bar) and a water stream at 30 bar.y ( )The cycle is virtually “zero emission”.
GGiuseppe iuseppe Messina, “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle”, presentation to European Turbine Network, London, 2013Messina, “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle”, presentation to European Turbine Network, London, 2013
Supercritical CO2 Power CyclesSupercritical CO2 Power Cycles
OXYCoal fired SOXYCoal fired S--CO2 Closed CycleCO2 Closed CycleSustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory OXYCoal fired SOXYCoal fired S CO2 Closed CycleCO2 Closed Cycle
G.Messina, E. Giacomazzi, “ModellaG.Messina, E. Giacomazzi, “Modellazione di un Ciclo di Potenza a CO2 Supercrtica da 48 MWt alimentato dal Loop ISOTHERM PWR”, Ricerca di zione di un Ciclo di Potenza a CO2 Supercrtica da 48 MWt alimentato dal Loop ISOTHERM PWR”, Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013.Sistema Elettrico, PAR 2013.
SS--COCO22 ALBA Cycle ALBA Cycle the COMSO Laboratory proposal in figuresthe COMSO Laboratory proposal in figuresSustainable Combustion
& Processes Laboratory
Efficiency (LHV) after capture process
(Oxygen production included)
SPECCA: Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided. Data elaborated byENEA from: 1) Rahul Anantharaman et al. “European Best Practice Guidelines forAssessment of CO2 Capture Technologies”, CAESAR Project – FP7, 2011; 2) MatthiasFinkenrath, “Cost and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Capture from PowerGeneration”, IEA, 2011.
SS--CO2CO2 AAdvanced dvanced Liquid compression iquid compression BBrrAAyton yton CycleCycle
Patenting procedure in progressPatenting procedure in progress
CO2 emissions after capture process
Patenting procedure in progressPatenting procedure in progress
Sustainable Combustion& Processes Laboratory
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