Immigration FactsWhat Every Citizen Needs to Know

1© 2008-2013 Arizona Employers for Immigration Reform, All Rights Reserved

“A salient characteristic of the current debate on U.S. immigration policy is the high ratio of hot air to data.”

Dr. Douglas MasseyCo-director, Mexican Migration Project

Princeton University

3Source: “Crossing The Border, What We Learned From The Mexican Migration Project,” Durand, Jorge and Douglas S. Massey, p. 1.

Immigration Quiz: True or False?

Increase amount of crime

Take jobs from Americans

Don’t pay any taxes

Strain health care & education systems

Increase terrorism threat

4

Immigration Quiz: True or False?

Won’t enter legally

Don’t assimilate, learn English, respect culture

No Constitutional Rights

Come here to vote illegally

Threaten our sovereignty

5

What people believe

6

67%Believe they won’t assimilate or

learn English

7Source: Zogby American Poll, April 2006

52%Believe they strain health care, education and social services

8Source: Pew Hispanic Center, The State of American Public Opinion on Immigration in Spring 2006

49%Believe they don’t pay taxes

9Source: Benson Strategy Group, Immigration Opinions Poll, May 9-12, 2009

48%Believe they threaten our

sovereignty

10Source: Pew Hispanic Center 2006 Immigration Survey, February 8-March 7, 2006

39%Believe they increase the crime

rate

11Source: FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll, 6 April 06

35%Believe they take jobs from

Americans

12Source: Time Magazine Poll, March, 29-30, 2006

31%Believe they increase the threat

of terrorism

13Source: Opinion Dynamics Fox News Poll, April 25-26, 2006

20%Believe they won’t enter the

country legally

14Source: Benson Strategy Group, Immigration Opinions Poll, May 9-12, 2009

66%Believe immigration is a “good”

thing for the U.S.

15Source: Gallup Poll, June 7-10, 2012

63%Believe illegal immigrants who have

lived in the U.S. since they were children should be eligible for legal citizenship

16Source: Fox News Poll, Oct. 23-25, 2011

62%Believe the 14th Amendment

should not be revised or reinterpreted

17Source: Time Poll, June 20-21, 2011

“A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth gets its boots on.”

Charles Haddon Spurgeon19th Century Minister

20

21

Checking The Facts

22

PolitiFact Immigration Checks

Source: PolitiFact.com immigration topic, updated 7/06/12. N = 203

Pants On Fire FALSE Mostly

FalseHalf True

Mostly True TRUE

19 56 33 41 31 23

9.4% 27.6% 16.3% 20.25 15.3% 11.3%

Wrong 88.7% 11.3%

23

AZ FactCheck: Immigration

Source: Arizona Republic, AZ Fact Check immigration topic, updated 7/08/12. N = 49

FALSE Mostly False

Somewhat False

Somewhat True

Mostly True TRUE

29 4 8 4 4

59.2% 8.2% 16.3% 8.2% 8.2%

Wrong 91.8% 8.2%

Race

24

WhiteU.S. Census Bureau racial classification

for all Hispanics who are not clearly Black, American Indian or Asian

25Source: Census 2000 Brief, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin."

EthnicityWhat the term “Hispanic” really

refers to in the U.S. Census Bureau classification system

26Source: Census 2000 Brief, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin."

“The People”

What the proper translation of the word “La Raza” means in

context

27Source: The Translation of Our Name: National Council of La Raza

Legality

28

CivilThe type of offense for entering the U.S. at an “improper time or

place”

29Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section 1325

$50-$250The penalty for entering the U.S.

at an “improper time or place”

30Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section 1325 (b)

False PapersPoint at which improper entry becomes a criminal offense

31Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section 1325 (a)(3)

AZ, GA, ALStates in which being in the country without papers is a

Felony

32

1993The year Mexican immigrants would have had to apply for entry visas in

order to receive them in 2013

33Source: Visa Bulletin No. 63, Vol. IX. U.S. Department of State, December 2013.

85%Percentage of undocumented entries

from Mexico offset by departures between 1965 and 1985

34Source: Massey & Singer, New Estimates of Undocumented Mexican Migration and the Probability of Apprehension, 1995

45%Percentage of undocumented immigrants who overstayed a

legal visa in 2006

35Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Modes of Entry for the Unauthorized Migrant Population, May 2006

25%Percent of in-country overstay leads deemed credible and forwarded to

ICE for investigation in 2008

36Source: DHS, “Department of Homeland Security Annual Performance Report Fiscal Years 2008 - 2010,” p. 31.

150,000Average number of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico arriving

annually March 2007 to March 2009

37Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Unauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends, 2010, p. 10.

3%Percentage of total U.S.

population estimated to be undocumented

38Source: Dept. of Homeland Security, Center for Immigration Statistics

10Years a naturalized citizen from

Mexico may have to wait to bring their spouse into the U.S.

39Source: American Immigration Lawyers Association, AILA Backgrounder: Myths and Facts in the Immigration Debate

38Years the undocumented parents of a U.S. citizen will have to wait to legally become U.S. citizens

40Source: Calculations based on existing U.S. Law and historical immigration processing times.

Birthright Fallacy

Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service

Penalty

Penalty

Wait

Wait

38 years 53

years

41

Population Growth 1990-2012

42

15%

14.8%

14.1%

13%12.5

%11.2%

10.6%

10%9.5

%9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, 2011

15.4%

15.8%

16.3%

16.7%

16.9%

Crime

44

4.4%Estimate of all Arizona crimes committed by undocumented

immigrants

45Source: ASU Incarceration Study, 2006

3.48%Percent of all undocumented

immigrants DHS deported from Arizona with prior criminal records

46Source: DHS, Fact Sheet: Arizona Border Control Initiative – Phase II, March 30, 2005

2.1%Percent of MCSO arrests of

undocumented immigrants as percent of total arrests

47Source: MCSO web site and press releases

10%Percent of all people booked into

MCSO jails subject to an ICE “hold”

48Source: M. Kiefer, Arizona Republic, Feb. 25, 2008

52.5%Percent drop in violent crime as undocumented population grew

between 1994-2006

49Source: U.S. DoJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Key Facts At A Glance, March 29, 2010

48.6%Percent drop in property crime as undocumented population

grew between 1994-2006

50Source: U.S. DoJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Key Facts At A Glance, March 29, 2010

What is the truth?

Although the undocumented population has grown by an estimated 1,400 people per day, the murder rate declined from 61 per day in 1996 to 47 per day in 2006.

Total murders per day have declined while the number of undocumented aliens entering the country has increased.

51Source: Paul Stiles, Novice Bear, January 10, 2008

Arizona Adult Arrests 2002-2012

52Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, “Crime in Arizona” Reports, 2002-2012

45%Percentage that first-generation

immigrants are less likely to commit any crime

53Source: Sampson, Morenoff, et. al.: Public Health Matters, Vol. 95., No. 2, pp. 224-232

13%Incarceration rate of native-born

males 18-39 in California with less than a high school diploma

54Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February, 2008, p. 13

0.48%Incarceration rate of immigrant males 18-40 in California with

less than a high school diploma

55Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February, 2008, p. 13

8Times U.S. born men 18-40 are

more likely than non-citizen Mexicans to be in CA jail or state

prison.

56Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February, 2008

5Number of times native citizens

are more likely to be incarcerated than any immigrant

57Source: Debunking the Myth of Immigrant Criminality: Imprisonment Among First- and Second-Generation Young Men, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Roberto G. Gonzales, Golnaz Komaie, and Charlie V. Morgan, 2006

74.5%The percentage of the U.S.

prison population who are U.S. citizens

58Source: U.S Bureau of Prisons, BOP Quick Facts, October 26, 2013

17.9%Percentage of the U.S. prison population who are Mexican

citizens

59Source: U.S Bureau of Prisons, BOP Quick Facts, October 26, 2013

28.3%Hispanics as a percentage of all persons arrested in Arizona in

2012

60Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, “Crime in Arizona,” 2012, p 62.

29.6%Hispanics as a percentage of all

Arizona residents, 2010

61Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2010 Census Results

Hispanic Crime In Arizona

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, “American Community Surveys,” 2004-2013, and ADPS “Crime in Arizona” reports 2004-2012 62

Crime FallaciesUnauthorizeUnauthorize

dd ClaimClaim RealityReality DifferenceDifference% in Federal

Prison 35% 17.5% +200%

Prison Population 33% 13.8% +240%

Violent Crime Drop 3X US

Avg.18.6% -15.2% +122%

Hate Crime Increase ‘07-’09 Not a problem +26% +2,600%

Identity Theft, Fraud & Forgery

100% 2.2% -97.8%

63

“Crime” Fallacy253

inmate decrease

equals 1.5% of

total prisoners

Source: Arizona Dept. Of Corrections CAGJul10.pdf - CAGMar12.pdf 65

Jobs

67

59%Percent of undocumented

Mexican immigrants who have not completed high-school

68Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Demographic Portrait of Mexican Origin Hispanics In The U.S., May 1, 2013, p. 36.

$501Foreign-born Hispanic Median

Weekly Earnings for 2012

69Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, FOREIGN-BORN WORKERS: LABOR FORCE Characteristics - 2012, Table 5

$641Native-born Hispanic Median

Weekly Earnings for 2012

70Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, FOREIGN-BORN WORKERS: LABOR FORCE Characteristics - 2012, Table 5

$7.80/hrArizona minimum wage for 2013

71Source: The Industrial Commission of Arizona, Minimum Wage Standard, 2013 .

$9.73/hrArizona H-2A hourly Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AWER) for

2013

72Source: USDA 75 FR 6884, February 12, 2010

$61,267Median annual income for family

of four in 2012

73Source: Department of Justice, Median Income for 4-Person Families, by State, 2012

$71,000Median salary of H1-B visa

beneficiaries, 2013

74Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, “Characteristics of H1B Specialty Workers, FY2012,” p. ii.

$36,000Average family income of a

migrant family of four

75Source: Pew Hispanic Center, “A Portrait of Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States, 2009,” p. 16

14 million

Number of new jobs created in U.S. between 1996 and 2000

76Source: Bean, Frank D., and Gillian Stevens, 2003. America’s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity.

12 million

Total U.S. population growth between 1996 and 2000

77Source: Bean, Frank D., and Gillian Stevens, 2003. America’s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity.

Undocumented Impact on AZ Wages

78Source: Peri, Giovanni, “Immigration, Labor Market and Wages: The Economists’ Perspective,” slide 15.

79

Foreign-Born Labor Force: 2007

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, The Foreign-Born Labor Force in the United States: 2007 & 2012

Occupation on First Trip (Mexican)

80Source: Mexican Migration Project, MMP128 - PERS File

0%

0%

0.3%

0.4%

0.4%

Annual Immigration Limits: 1996, 2004-2013

81Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, Visa Bulletiin: 1996, 2004-2013

A Comparison of U.S. Wage Rates 1986-2011

82Source: USDA, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Farm Labor: Wage Rate by Type by Year, US

72Number of hours to fill quota of

65,000 H1-B visas for 2014

83Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

60Days needed to fill quota of66,000 H-2B visas for 2014

84Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

30,000Number of field workers needed

in Yuma to bring in a winter lettuce crop

85Source: Interview on Desert Politics, Dec. 8, 2007

318Number of new “Employment

Preference” visas issued to Mexican citizens for all of 2012

86Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2012, Table III

1,316,118

Number of Mexicans still waiting for their green-card applications to be

accepted or rejected in 2013

87Source: http://www.travel.state.gov/pdf/WaitingListItem.pdf

5,000Number of green cards annually available worldwide for low-wage

workers to immigrate permanently

88Source: Section 203(e) of the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act, as amended by Section 1(e) of Pub. L. 105-139.

11,000Agricultural job demand

following GA’s passing HB87 in June, 2011

89Source: Atlanta Journal Constitution

14Number of probationers ordered by GA Governor Deal to harvest crops who actually showed up

90Source: Atlanta Journal Constitution

2Number of Georgia probationers who remained in the fields after

one week on the job

91Source: Atlanta Journal Constitution

Taxes

94

$940MUndocumented immigrant’s net financial benefit to the Arizona

economy

95Source: University of Arizona, Immigrants in Arizona, Gans, 2006

$78MUndocumented immigrant’s

sales tax contributions to the Arizona economy

96Source: University of Arizona, Immigrants in Arizona, Gans, 2006

$993BEarnings Suspense File account

balance from non-matching SSNs as of the end of TY 2009

97Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, SSA’S FY 2012 Performance and Accountability Report

60%Percent growth in SSA Earnings Suspense File account balance

2005-2009

98Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, SSA’S FY 2009 Performance and Accountability Report

$0Amount of Suspense Fund

balance payable to undocumented immigrants

99Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Auditor’s Report, 2007

$1BLoss in Arizona state revenues

from the loss of 50,000 immigrants

100

Source: APS Immigration Loss Impact Study

$48.8BAnnual estimated economic

impact on Arizona’s economy from loss of 450,000 immigrants

101

Source: “Rising Tide or Shrinking Pie,” Dr. Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda, Marshall Fitz, March 2011

ZeroNumber of jurisdictions realizing any

economic or social benefit promised by proponents of anti-immigration

legislation

102

Source: “A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of the Impact of the Oklahoma Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act of 2007,” Economic Impact Group, LLC, 2008

Assimilation & Integration

104

1910The year in which the percentage of foreign-born residents reached

its peak of 14.7%

105

Source: Pew Hispanic Center, 2007 and Gibbons and Lennon, 1999

12.9%Percentage of foreign-born

residents of the U.S. in 2010

106

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey, The Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2010

13Annual rate of immigrants per 1,000 U.S. residents in 1910

107

Source: The New Americans, National Research Council

3Annual rate of immigrants per 1,000 U.S. residents in 2005

108

Source: The New Americans, National Research Council

25%Percentage of the immigrant

population that could not speak English at all in 1900

109Source: George Rodriguez, “ From Newcomers to New Americans...,” p. 18

8%Percentage of the immigrant

population that could not speak English at all in 1990

110Source: George Rodriguez, “ From Newcomers to New Americans...,” p. 18

95%Percentage of Mexican-

Americans who could speak English well in 1990

111Source: R. Alba and V. Nee, “Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration” p. 227

47 million

Number of U.S. citizens who speak a non-English language at

home 1980-2000

112Source: Bean FD, Stevens G. 2003. America’s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity. New York: Russell Sage. P. 149

757,434 Total number of new naturalized

citizens in 2011

113Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, Naturalizations in the U.S., 2012

2XThe rate at which Mexican

immigrants become legal U.S. citizens compared to other

countries114

Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, Naturalizations in the U.S., 2009

10Number of years after arrival that 75% of immigrants speak

English as well as natives

115Source: American Immigration Lawyers Association, Myths vs, Facts

Learning the language

116Source: Pew Hispanic Center, “English Usage Among Hispanics in the United States,” November 29, 2007, and Migration Policy Institute, “Bilingualism Persists, But English Still Dominates,” February, 2005.

30Number of years the

unavailability of English language programs delays assimilation

117Source: Pew Hispanic Center

21.5%Percent of the recipients of the

Congressional Medal of Honor in U.S. wars who were immigrants

118Source: Congressional Medal of Honor Society, December, 2013

51%Percentage of first-generation

California immigrants (1970’s) who have purchased homes by 2000

119Source: Russell Sage Foundation

46%Percentage of California

Hispanics who own their own homes, 2008

120Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Demographic Profile of Hispanics in California, 2008

53%Percentage of Arizona Hispanics who own their own homes, 2011

121Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Arizona, 2011

75%Percentage of all immigrants who have legal permanent

resident status

122Source: Dept. of Homeland Security

36%Percentage of eligible Mexicans

who become U.S. citizens

123Source: Pew Hispanic Center, “The Path Not Taken,” February, 2013

Social & Health Services

124

3%Percentage of any kind or any

status of immigrant who receives food stamps

125Source: Federalist Society Seminar Immigration, Amnesty and the Rule of Law, Nov. 16, 2007

10Years legal permanent residents

must pay into Social Security and Medicare before they get benefits

126Source: Congressional Research Service

10%Percentage of California’s

uncompensated health care in 2007 attributable to undocumented

immigrant’s E.R. use

127Source: California Hospital Association

13%National percentage of “Hispanic or Latino” total E.R. visits in 2006

128Source: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 Emergency Department Summary, Table 2: Number, percent distribution, and annual rate of emergency department visits with corresponding standard errors, by patient characteristics: United States, 2006

61%“White non-Hispanic” percentage

of total Arizona E.R. visits in 2008

129Source: ADHS Table 4C-2 “Rates* of Emergency Room Visits by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, Arizona, 2008

23%Percentage of total Arizona E.R.

visits by Hispanics 2005

130Source: ASU Center for Health Information & Research, Race/Ethnicity, Figure 4.

50%Percent undocumented

immigrants are less likely to use emergency rooms than

native Latinos131Source: Sampson, Morenoff, et. al.: Public Health Matters, Vol. 95., No. 2

2.1The number of fewer doctor

visits of undocumented Latinos compared with their US-born

counterparts132

Source: Alexander N. Ortega, PhD, et.al; Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007;167(21): 2354-2360

1/2 - 2/3Recent immigrants' per-person

unadjusted medical expenditures compared to U.S. born, even when

immigrants had full insurance

133Source: Alexander N. Ortega, PhD, et.al; Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007;167(21): 2354-2360

$11Estimated taxes per-person

spent annually on health care for undocumented immigrants aged

18-64134

Source: “Immigrants And The Cost Of Medical Care: Health Affairs, 25, no. 6 (2006): 1700-1711

135

“It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.”

Mark Twain

Other Facts

136

0Number of undocumented

immigrants who registered to vote in Maricopa County 1991-Present

137Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07

FelonyLevel of crime for any non-

citizen to attempt to register to vote

138Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07

ZeroA green-card holder’s chances of

becoming a U.S. citizen after attempting to register to vote

139Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07

25Number of states legislatures where SB 1070 copycat laws

were introduced in 2011

140Source: National Council of State Legislators, http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=19897

4Number of states where SB 1070

copycats passed into law in 2011

141Source: National Council of State Legislators, http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=19897

84%Failure rate of state SB 1070

copycat laws in 2011

142Source: National Council of State Legislators, http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=19897

Economic Impact FallaciesUnauthorizeUnauthorize

dd ClaimClaim RealityReality DifferenceDifference% of AZ

Population 10% 7% +30%

Education Costs $810M $379M +214%

Health Costs $400M $24M +1,600%

Tax Payments $257M $2.84B -1,100%

143

Economics of Population Loss

Immigrant Pop. Decline

Gross State Product Loss Income Loss Job Loss

Tax Revenue

Loss15% $8.3B $5.3B 99,000 $636M

30% $14.4B $9.4B 172,000 $1.27B

50% $20B $15.7B 291,000 $2.11B

100% $48.8B $29.5B 581,000 $4.22B

Source: "A Rising Tide or a Shrinking Pie," M. Fitz and R. Hinojosa, Immigration Policy Council, March, 2011.

144

Arizona Poll Results

147

65%Disagree with classifying

undocumented immigrants as “common criminals”

148Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V-01

66%Agree that politicians are

turning immigration into an “ugly racial issue”

149Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V-01

78%Agree that a “guest worker”

program should be implemented

150Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V-01

83%Agree that fair and humane

treatment of foreign workers is as important as securing the border

151Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V-01

152

“The greatest threat to democracy is having a public that thinks it is fully informed, but really isn’t very well informed at all.”

Linda Foley