· ii women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2013 about this...

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences

National Science Foundation

B Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013

www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ iii

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013

ii Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013

About This Report

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering provides statistical information about the participation of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering education and employment. Its primary purpose is to serve as

an information source. It offers no endorsement of or recommendations about policies or programs. National Science Foundation reporting on this topic is mandated by the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (Public Law 96-516).

This digest highlights key statistics drawn from a wide variety of data sources. Data and figures in this digest are organized into six topical areas—enrollment, field of degree, employment status, occupation, academic employment, and persons with disabilities.

Surveys conducted by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) at the National Science Foundation provided a large portion of the data used in this report. NCSES has a central role in the collection, interpretation, analysis, and dissemination of objective data on the science and engineering enterprise.

OnlineOnline, the reader is invited to explore trends in greater depth through detailed data tables and interactive graphics (www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/). Technical notes and other online resources are provided to aid in interpreting the data. The data tables are available both in portable document format (PDF) and as Excel files for easy viewing, printing, and downloading.

www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ 1

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................2

Enrollment....................................................................................3

Field of Degree............................................................................4

Women .............................................................................4

Minorities .........................................................................5

Minority Women ............................................................6

Employment Status ...................................................................7

Occupation ..................................................................................8

Academic Employment ...........................................................9

Persons with Disabilities ......................................................10

Data Sources ............................................................................. 12

Glossary ...................................................................................... 13

Online Resources .....................................................................14

2 Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013

Introduction

Women, persons with disabilities, and three racial/ethnic groups—blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians—are considered underrepresented in science and engineering because they constitute smaller percentages of science and engineering degree recipients and of employed scientists and engineers than they do of the

population. Asians are not considered underrepresented because they are a larger percentage of science and engineer-ing degree recipients and of employed scientists and engineers than they are of the population. Underrepresentation and overrepresentation of women and racial/ethnic groups may vary by field of study or occupation.

Women were slightly more than half of U.S. residents in 2010. Blacks and Hispanics were 12% and 16%, Asians were 5%, and other racial/ethnic groups combined (American Indians or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, multiple race, and other races that are not Hispanic) constituted 3% of the U.S. population in 2010. Accord-ing to recent Census Bureau projections, minorities will be about half of the resident U.S. population by 2050. The largest growth is projected in the numbers of Hispanics and Asians. Despite increasing numbers, blacks are projected to remain 12% of the population from 2010 to 2050. The number of whites is projected to remain about the same in 2050 as in 2010, and their percentage of the population is projected to decrease.

Hispanic women were the largest group of minority women in the United States in 2010. Hispanic women constituted 8%, black women 6%, and Asian women 3% of the U.S. population. Women of all other minority racial/ethnic groups combined (American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, multiple race, and other races that are not Hispanic) were 2% of the U.S. population. White women made up 32% of the U.S. population.

Estimates of the proportion of the population with disabilities vary depending on the definition of the term “disability.” Persons with disabilities may or may not require accommodation, and their disabilities do not necessarily limit their abil-ity to participate in educational experiences or be productive in an occupation. According to the Census Bureau’s 2010 American Community Survey, 12% of the U.S. population has some disability.

Representation of these groups in science and engineering education and employment differs from their representation in the U.S. population. Differences in participation of men and women, various racial/ethnic groups, and persons with and without disabilities are rooted in differences in current and historic participation in science and engineering higher education, as well as differences in educational attainment and in precollege course taking and achievement.

In 1997, to reflect the nation’s increasing diversity, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) revised the federal guidelines for collecting and tabulating data on race/ethnicity to allow individuals the option to self-identify with more than one race. Survey data collected according to these guidelines can be presented in different ways to capture the detailed distributions of race/ethnicity. A detailed discussion of this topic can be found in http://www.nsf.gov/ statistics/infbrief/nsf12304/.

Resident population of the United States, by sex and race/ethnicity: 2010

NOTE: Hispanic may be any race. Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Paci�c Islander, and multiple race.

SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering:www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

White male 31.3%

White female 32.3%

Asian male 2.2%Asian female 2.5%

Black male 5.8%

Black female 6.4%

Hispanic male 8.3%

Hispanic female 8.1%

Other male 1.5%Other female 1.6%


Underrepresented minorities enroll in disproportionately higher numbers in public 2-year colleges and, along with women, in for-profit academic institutions.

HBCUs are important baccalaureate-origin institutions of future black science and engineering doctorate recipients, especially outside the social sciences.

Minority-serving academic institutions enroll a substantial fraction of minority undergraduates, although the percentage of blacks earning science and engineering (S&E) bachelor’s

degrees from HBCUs and the percentage of Hispanics earning S&E bachelor’s from high-Hispanic-enrollment institutions has declined over time. Tribal colleges, which mainly offer 2-year degrees, account for only a small percentage of S&E bachelor’s degrees to American Indians.

Women are less likely than men to enroll full time as undergraduates. Underrepresented minorities (blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians) are less likely than

whites and Asians to enroll full time.

URM = underrepresented minority.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering:www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

White women White men Asian women Asian men URM women URM men

Full-time enrollment among undergraduates: 2010 Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

HBCU = historically black college or university; HHE = high Hispanic enrollment.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

Minorities earning science and engineering bachelor’s degrees at minority-serving institutions, by institution type: 2001–10 Percent

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Black, HBCU

Hispanic, HHE

American Indian, tribal college



Undergraduate enrollment, by type of school: 2010 Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60Public 4-year Public 2-year Private For pro�t

HBCU = historically black college or university.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

Percent

Black doctorate recipients with HBCU baccalaureate origins, by �eld: 2006–10, aggregate

Social sciences

Psychology

Computer sciences

Engineering

Earth, atmospheric,and ocean sciences

Mathematics

Biological sciences

Physical sciences

Agricultural sciences

Science and engineering

0 20 40 60 80 100

A B

DC

Enrollment

Recent trends in undergraduate enrollment reflect the growth and changing composition of the U.S. college-age population. Most notably, underrepresented minorities are an increasing fraction of undergraduate students, and whites are a decreasing fraction. Among all racial/ethnic groups, more women than men enroll in college.


DC

BAIn most fields, women’s participation has risen since 1991. The general increase in the share of degrees women earn reflects rising numbers of degrees for women and level or

declining numbers earned by men. Women’s participation in science and engineering fields is highest in psychology.

Women’s shares of degrees in the physical sciences and mathematics remain well below those of men, particularly at the doctorate level. Women’s shares of

mathematics degrees at the bachelor’s and master’s levels have declined since the early 2000s, but they have increased at the doctoral level.

NOTE: Data not available for 1999.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

High participation �eld for women: Psychology, 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Psychology PhD

Psychology MAPsychology BA


Medium-low participation �elds for women: Physical sciences and mathematics, 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mathematics PhDPhysical sciences PhDMathematics MAPhysical sciences MA

Mathematics BAPhysical sciences BA


Medium participation �elds for women: Biosciences and social sciences, 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Biosciences PhDSocial sciences PhD

Biosciences MASocial sciences MABiosciences BA

Social sciences BA


Low participation �elds for women: Computer sciences and engineering, 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Computer sciences PhD

Engineering PhDComputer sciences MA

Engineering MA

Computer sciences BAEngineering BA

In the 20 years since 1991, women’s participation in the social sciences and in biosciences has increased to or beyond parity at most degree levels. In the past 5 years,

women’s participation has stabilized at the master’s and bachelor’s levels and in the social sciences at the doctoral level.

Women’s participation in engineering and computer sciences remains below 30%. In the 20 years since 1991, the proportion of women in engineering has increased,

mostly at the master’s and doctoral levels. Women’s participation in computer sciences has increased considerably at the doctoral level (although numbers remain small) but has declined at the bachelor’s level.

Field of Degree

Women

Overall, more women than men graduate from college with a bachelor’s degree; however, men earn a higher proportion of degrees in many science and engineering fields of study. Women’s level of participation in these fields varies, but within fields it is consistent over every level of degree.


BA

DCAlthough Asians’ share of science and engineering degrees has been steady over the past decade, major share shifts by field have occurred in bachelor’s degrees:

most pronounced are a drop in computer sciences and rises in mathematics and in the physical and biological sciences.

Underrepresented minorities’ shares of science and engineering bachelor’s and master’s degrees have been rising over the two decades since 1991, with shares of

doctorates in these fields flattening well below 10% after 2000.

Asian U.S. citizens and permanent residents’ shares of all science and engineering degrees are roughly similar for master’s and doctoral degrees and slightly higher for

bachelor’s. Their shares of science and engineering degrees at all levels rose slightly in the 1990s but have been relatively steady over the past decade.

Since 1991, the greatest rise in the share of science and engineering bachelor’s degrees earned by underrepresented minorities has been in psychology, the social sciences, and

computer sciences. Since 2000, underrepresented minorities’ shares in engineering and the physical sciences have been flat, and participation in mathematics has dropped.


Science and engineering degrees earned by underrepresentedminorities: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

25

Doctorate

Master’s

Bachelor’s


Science and engineering degrees earned by Asians: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

25

DoctorateMaster’sBachelor’s


Science and engineering bachelor’s degrees earned by underrepresented minorities, by �eld: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

25

Computer sciences

PsychologySocial sciences

Biological sciences

MathematicsPhysical sciencesEngineering


Science and engineering bachelor’s degrees earned by Asians, by �eld: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

25Biological sciences

Computer sciences

MathematicsPhysical sciences

Psychology

Social sciences

Engineering

Field of Degree

Minorities

Underrepresented minorities—blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians—are less likely than whites to attend college or to graduate. However, for those who do graduate, the degree patterns are similar to those of whites.



Science and engineering degrees earned by underrepresented minority women: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

Doctorate

Master’s

Bachelor’s


Science and engineering degrees earned by Asian women: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

DoctorateMaster’sBachelor’s


Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by underrepresented minority women, by �eld: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

Biological sciencesPhysical sciences

PsychologySocial sciences Computer sciences

Mathematics

Engineering


Science and engineering bachelor's degrees earned by Asian women, by �eld: 1991–2010 Percent

1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100

5

10

15

20

Biological sciences

Computer sciences

Mathematics

Physical sciencesPsychologySocial sciences

Engineering

The share of bachelor’s degrees earned by underrepresented minority women is larger than their shares of master’s or doctoral degrees for the vast

majority of science and engineering fields of study.

Asian women, like Asians in general, earn higher and growing percentages of bachelor’s degrees in the biological sciences and, like women in general, earn

lower percentages of bachelor’s degrees in computer sciences and engineering.

A B

DC

Field of Degree

Minority Women

In 2010, underrepresented minority women earned more than half and white and Asian women earned about half of science and engineering degrees awarded to their respective racial/ethnic groups.

Underrepresented minority women, like women in general, earn higher proportions of bachelor’s degrees in psychology and the social sciences than in engineering,

computer sciences, and mathematics.

Asian women earn roughly similar proportions of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorates. Asian women’s shares of science and engineering degrees at all degree levels have

grown only slightly in the past decade.




Unemployment rates of scientists and engineers: 2010 Percent

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

URM = underrepresented minority. Not all reasons are shown; respondents could select more than one reason.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering:www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.


Reasons for not working among scientists and engineers: 2010 Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Family Retired Job not available Layoff



Part-time employment rates of scientists and engineers: 2010 Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

URM = underrepresented minority. Not all reasons are shown; respondents could select more than one reason.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering:www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.


Reasons for part-time employment among scientists and engineers: 2010 Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Family No need Retired

Unemployment rates are higher for minority scientists and engineers than for white scientists and engineers, and the rate is higher for Asian female than for Asian male

scientists and engineers.

Among those employed, a higher percentage of female than of male scientists and engineers in all racial/ethnic groups are employed part time. White women are the

most likely to be employed part time.

Within each racial/ethnic group, female scientists and engineers who were employed part time cited family responsibilities more frequently than men, whereas men

cited retirement more frequently than women. Whites were more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to indicate working part time because they did not need or want to work more hours.

Across all racial/ethnic groups, female scientists and engineers who were not working were far more likely than men to cite family responsibilities and less likely than men

to cite retirement as the reason for not working.

A B

DC

Employment Status

Rates of unemployment and part-time employment across racial/ethnic groups reflect variations in the age distributions of men and women in the science and engineering workforce, as well as differing family responsibilities.


DC

BA

SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

Percent

Employed Hispanics 16 years and older as a percentage of selected occupations: 2011

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Postsecondary teachers

Registered nurses

Scientists

Engineers

Physicians

All professional and related occupations

Teachers, except postsecondary

Health technologists/technicians

All occupations


Percent

Employed blacks 16 years and older as a percentage of selected occupations: 2011

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Engineers

Physicians

Therapists

Lawyers and judges

Scientists

Postsecondary teachers

All professional and related occupations

Teachers, except postsecondary

Registered nurses

Health technologists/technicians

All occupations


Percent

Employed women 16 years and older as a percentage of selected occupations: 2011

0 20 40 60 80 100

EngineersMathematical/computer scientists

Lawyers and judgesPhysicians

Physical scientistsPostsecondary teachers

Biological and life scientistsPharmacists

All professional and related occupationsSocial scientists

PsychologistsTeachers, except postsecondary

TherapistsDietitians

Registered nursesAll occupations

Scientists and engineers working in science and engineering occupations: 2010

NOTE: Hispanic may be any race. Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Paci�c Islander, and multiple race.


White men51%

White women 18%

Asian men 13%

Asian women 5%

Black men 3%Black women 2%

Hispanic men 4%Hispanic women 2%

Other men 1%Other women 1%

The science and engineering workforce is largely white and male. Minority women comprise about 1 in 10 employed scientists and engineers.

Women’s participation in science and engineering occupations is lower than it is in the U.S. workforce as a whole and varies greatly by occupation: it is higher among

psychologists and lower among mathematical/computer scientists and engineers. Women continue to constitute the vast majority of those employed in traditionally female occupations, such as nurses.

The participation of Hispanics in science and engineering occupations and in professional and related occupations is low in comparison to the U.S. workforce; this is also true for

blacks. Hispanics are a similar percentage of scientists as they are of engineers.

Blacks’ participation in science and engineering occupations, as well as in all professional and related occupations, is also lower than it is in the U.S. workforce

as a whole. Blacks are a smaller percentage of engineers than of scientists.

Occupation

The science and engineering workforce is composed of people who earned degrees over roughly three decades. Because older cohorts of science and engineering workers are disproportionately white and male, women and minorities constitute a lower percentage of the overall science and engineering workforce than of science and engineering degree recipients who recently joined the workforce.


DC

A B


Full-time faculty in 4-year institutions who have science, engineering, and health doctorates and receive federal support: 2010 Percent

White women White men Asian women Asian men URM women URM men0

10

20

30

40

50

60

URM = underrepresented minority.SOURCE: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

Median salaries of doctoral scientists and engineers employed full time in 4-year institutions, by years since doctorate: 2010 Dollars

1 or 2 3 or 4 5 or 6 7 or 8Years since doctorate

9 or 10 11 or 12 13 or 140

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

White women

White men

Asian women

Asian men

URM women

URM men


Underrepresented minorities as a percentage of full-time, full professors with science, engineering, and health doctorates, by institution of employment: 1993–2010 Percent

1993 1999 2006 20100

5

10

15

20

25

All institutions Research I institutions


Women as a percentage of full-time, full professors with science,engineering, and health doctorates, by institution of employment: 1993–2010 Percent

1993 1999 2006 20100

5

10

15

20

25

All institutions Research I institutions

Academic Employment

Women and underrepresented minorities in academic employment differ from their male and white counterparts in rank, tenure, and other characteristics.

The share of full-time, full professorships held by women has risen substantially over time. Despite the rise, women represent less than one-fourth of all full-time,

full professors.

The share of full-time, full professorships held by underrepresented minorities is lower and has risen more slowly than the share held by women.

Among science and engineering doctorate holders employed full time as full, associate, or assistant professors in 4-year colleges or universities, Asian men are the most

likely to have been supported by federal grants or contracts, followed by white men. Women and underrepresented minorities are less likely than both those groups to have received federal support.

Among science and engineering doctorate holders with similar experience who are employed full time in 4-year colleges or universities, median salaries for men, women,

and racial/ethnic groups are fairly similar.


U.S. citizens and permanent residents with disabilities earned higher numbers of science and engineering doctorates in 2009 than they did in 1999. Since 2008, they

have earned more doctorates in S&E fields than in non-S&E fields.

People with disabilities make up a higher percentage of the older U.S. population than of younger age groups.

Scientists and engineers with disabilities are more likely than those without disabilities to be unemployed or out of the labor force.


U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, by disability status and age: 2010 Percent

All ages 5–17 years 18–34 years 35–64 years 65–74 years 75 yearsand older

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Without disability With disability


Employment status of scientists and engineers, by disability status: 2010 Percent

Without disability With disability0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Employed Unemployed Not in labor force


Doctoral degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents with disabilities: 1999–2009 Doctorates

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Science and engineering �elds

Non-science and engineering �elds

A B

C

Persons with Disabilities

Disability can occur throughout one’s life. Disabilities acquired at birth or at an early age may influence decisions to pursue science and engineering studies; those acquired at later ages may influence opportunities to continue or seek employment. Regardless of when disabilities were acquired, persons with disabilities are underrepresented in the science and engineering workforce compared to the population as a whole.


Retirement was the primary reason for not working both for persons with and without disabilities. But for persons with disabilities, chronic illness or permanent disability was

also a prevalent reason for not working.


Scientists and engineers who are unemployed or out of the labor force, by reason for not working: 2010 Percent

With disabilityWithout disability0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Chronic illness orpermanent disability

Did not need/want to work

Familyresponsibilities

Laid off Retired Student

Suitable job not available

Other

DMore than one-half of scientists and engineers who report having disabilities say they became disabled at age 40 or older. Relatively few of those with disabilities had been

disabled since birth.

E


Age at onset of disability among scientists and engineers: 2010

0 5 10 15

Percent

20 25 30 35

Since birth

Younger than 10 years

10–19 years

20–29 years

30–39 years

40–49 years

50–75 years

Persons with Disabilities


Data Sources

The data in this digest come from surveys conducted by the National Science Foundation (National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics), the U.S. Department of Education (National Center for Education Statistics), the U.S. Department of Commerce (Census Bureau),

and the U.S. Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The technical notes for this report, available online at www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/, provide information on specific data sources, including the survey population, data collection procedures, and sampling errors.

The degree data in this report includes data on people with degrees in science and engineering, including the following fields: astronomy, chemistry, physics, atmospheric sciences, earth sciences, oceanography, mathematics and statistics, computer sciences, agricultural sciences, biological sciences, psychology, social sciences, and engineering. To present data in a condensed form for this digest, several fields were aggregated in figures and in text. The biological sciences field includes agricultural sciences, and the physical sciences field includes earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data on degrees include data on bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees and do not include data on professional degrees, such as the MD or JD.

Racial/ethnic categories reported are generally those mandated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) effective 1 January 2003. OMB specified the following categories of racial/ethnic groups: black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, white, Hispanic or Latino regardless of race, and more than one race reported. Previously, racial/ethnic groups were identified as white, black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaskan Native. In this report the racial/ethnic groups described for enrollment and degree data are designated by the old categories, because the National Center for Education Statistics collected this data under the previous standards through 2008 and gave schools the option of reporting race/ethnicity under either the old or new categories through the 2009–10 data collection cycle for enrollment data and through the 2010–11 data collection cycle for degree data. After these dates, it became mandatory to report under the new racial/ethnic categories (for more details, see the technical notes for this report). Thus, for degree data Asian includes Pacific Islander. For all data in this report, American Indian includes Alaska Native. Degree data by race/ethnicity refer to U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Because of insufficient sample size in some surveys, not all groups are reported in all tables or figures.


GlossaryHigh-Hispanic-enrollment institution. HHEs are academic institutions on the U.S. Department of Education’s list of minority-serving institutions with high Hispanic enrollment in 2006. This list includes the institutions of higher education whose full-time equivalent enrollment of undergraduate students is at least 25% Hispanic. See http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/edlite-minorityinst-list-hisp-tab.html.

Historically black college or university. HBCUs are academic institutions on a list maintained by the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges or Universities. The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, defines an HBCU as “...any historically black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as to the quality of training offered or is, according to such an agency or association, making reasonable progress toward accreditation.” See http://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/list/whhbcu/edlite-list.html.

Minority. A minority is a racial/ethnic group that is a small percentage of the U.S. population. Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, and Asians are minority groups.

Scientists and engineers. In this report, persons classified as scientists and engineers are residents of the United States with a baccalaureate degree or higher who were either educated as or are working as a scientist or engineer. A baccalaureate or higher degree is a bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral, or professional degree.

Tribal college. Tribal colleges are academic institutions that are members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium and that are included as tribal colleges in the basic classification scheme of the 2005 Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. See http://www.aihec.org/colleges/TCUroster.cfm and http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/standard.php.

Underrepresented minority. This category comprises three racial/ethnic minority groups (blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians or Alaska Native) whose representation in science and engineering is smaller than their representation in the U.S. population.

Key to AcronymsHBCU = historically black college or university

HHE = high Hispanic enrollment

S&E = science and engineering

URM = underrepresented minority


Online ResourcesWomen, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering online is a dynamic information source with data updated as they become available. A rich set of resources that supplement this digest is available online at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

Data tables. Detailed data tables, organized by topic, allow the reader to explore the data in more depth. Data tables are available for download, either as Excel files or in portable document format (PDF).

Figures. Presentation graphics, in PowerPoint slide and image (JPEG) formats, accompanied by their supporting data in Excel format, are provided for each of the figures that illustrate the topics in this digest.

Technical notes. Technical notes provide information on reporting categories, sources of data, and sampling errors.

Resource links. Links are provided to additional sources of data on these topics from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and to related reports published by NSF, as well as to related reports and data from external sources, such as the National Center for Education Statistics and American Council on Education.

SUGGESTED CITATION

National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. 2013. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013. Special Report NSF 13-304. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

AcknowledgmentsThis report was developed by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) at the National Science Foundation. It was guided by Rolf Lehming, John Gawalt, Stephen Cohen, and Robert Bell, assisted by staff in the Science and Engineering Indicators Program. Production of the printed volume was guided by Cheryl Roesel and produced by Tanya Gore and Christine Hamel, NCSES. Eileen Kessler and staff at OmniStudio Inc. designed the print layout. Development of the Web version was guided by Jeri Mulrow and produced by Robin Pentola and Rajinder Raut, all with NCSES, with technical assistance from staff of Penobscot Bay Media.

NSF 13-304

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Data Tables


NSF 13-304

Data Tables

Data Tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

Technical Notes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................242

Additional Resources ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................255

List of Tables

1-1 Resident population of the United States, by age and sex: 2010 .......................................................................................................................1

1-2 Resident population of the United States, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 2010 .........................................................................................2

1-3 U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, by disability status, type of disability, sex, and age: 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2-1 Undergraduate enrollment at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................6

2-2 Enrollment of first-time, first-year undergraduate students at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10 ......................................................................................................................8

2-3 Undergraduate enrollment at 2-year institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10 ........................................................................................................................................................................................10

2-4 Undergraduate enrollment at 4-year institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

2-5 Undergraduate enrollment status, by sex, race/ethnicity, citizenship, institutional control, and enrollment status: 2010.......................................................................................................................................................................................14

2-6 Disability status of undergraduate students, by age, institution type, financial aid, and enrollment status: 2008 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

2-7 Major field of study of undergraduates, by disability status: 2008 ................................................................................................................16

2-8 Intentions of freshmen to major in S&E fields, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2010 ........................................................................................ 17

2-9 Undergraduate enrollment in engineering programs, by sex, race/ethnicity, citizenship, and enrollment status: 1999–2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................18

2-10 Undergraduate enrollment in engineering programs, by sex, enrollment status, race/ethnicity, and citizenship: 2009 ......................................................................................................................................................................19

3-1 S&E graduate students, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2010 ......................................................................................................................20

3-2 Black U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HBCUs, by field and sex: 2010 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24

3-3 Hispanic U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HHEs, by field and sex: 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 26

3-4 Enrollment status of S&E graduate students, by field and sex: 2010 ............................................................................................................28

3-5 Enrollment status of S&E graduate students, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2010 ................................................................30

Contents

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013 iii

3-6 Primary source of support for full-time S&E graduate students, by sex and field: 2010 ........................................................................34

3-7 Disability status of S&E graduate students, by sex, age, race/ethnicity, enrollment status, and citizenship status: 2008 .....................................................................................................................................................................................40

3-8 Field distribution of graduate student enrollment, by disability status: 2008 ............................................................................................41

4-1 Associate’s degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10 .................................................................................................................................42

4-2 Associate’s degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 .....................................................................................43

4-3 S&E and S&E technologies associate’s degrees awarded, by sex, citizenship, race/ethnicity, and field: 2010 ...................................................................................................................................................................................46

4-4 Top 50 academic institutions awarding associate’s degrees in S&E, S&E technologies, and interdisciplinary or other sciences fields, by sex of recipient: 2006–10...............................................................................................47

4-5 Top 20 academic institutions awarding associate’s degrees in S&E, S&E technologies, and interdisciplinary or other sciences fields, by race/ethnicity of minority graduates: 2006–10 .......................................................48

5-1 Bachelor’s degrees awarded, by sex and field: 2001–10 ...................................................................................................................................49

5-2 Bachelor’s degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10 .................................................................................................................................... 51

5-3 Bachelor’s degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 ........................................................................................54

5-4 Bachelor’s degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 ....................................................................61

5-5 Bachelor’s degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 .........................................................................68

5-6 Racial/ethnic distribution of bachelor’s degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 75

5-7 Bachelor’s degrees awarded, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and field: 2010 ......................................................................................80

5-8 Bachelor’s degrees awarded by all institutions and by HBCUs to black U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10 .......................................................................................................................................................................................82

5-9 Bachelor’s degrees awarded by all institutions and by HHEs to Hispanic U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10 .......................................................................................................................................................................................83

5-10 Bachelor’s degrees awarded by all institutions and by tribal colleges and universities to American Indian or Alaska Native U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10................................................................................................84

5-11 Top 50 academic institutions awarding S&E bachelor’s degrees, by sex of recipient: 2006–10 ..........................................................85

5-12 Top 20 academic institutions awarding S&E bachelor’s degrees, by race/ethnicity of minority graduates: 2006–10 ..................86

5-13 Bachelor’s degrees awarded in engineering, by sex, race/ethnicity, and citizenship: 1990–2010 ........................................................ 87

5-14 First university degrees in selected countries, by sex and field: 2009 .........................................................................................................88

6-1 Master’s degrees awarded, by field: 2001–10 .......................................................................................................................................................91

6-2 Master’s degrees awarded to women, by field: 2001–10 .................................................................................................................................. 92

6-3 Master’s degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 .......................................................................................... 93

6-4 Master’s degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 ....................................................................100

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6-5 Master’s degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 .......................................................................... 107

6-6 Racial/ethnic distribution of master’s degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 114

7-1 Doctoral degrees awarded, by field: 2001–10 ..................................................................................................................................................... 119

7-2 Doctoral degrees awarded to women, by field: 2001–10 ................................................................................................................................ 120

7-3 Doctoral degrees awarded to men, by field: 2001–10 ....................................................................................................................................... 121

7-4 Doctoral degrees awarded, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 ..........................................................................................122

7-5 S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2001–10 ................................................................................................................................. 128

7-6 S&E doctorate recipients, by field and disability status: 2010 ...................................................................................................................... 129

7-7 S&E doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10 ........................... 130

7-8 Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex, field, and race/ethnicity: 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 136

7-9 Top baccalaureate institutions of S&E doctorate recipients, by sex: 2006–10 .........................................................................................137

7-10 Top baccalaureate institutions of black S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10 ........................................................................................... 138

7-11 Top baccalaureate institutions of Hispanic S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10 .....................................................................................140

7-12 Top baccalaureate institutions of American Indian/Alaska Native S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10 .......................................... 141

7-13 Top baccalaureate institutions of Asian S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10 .......................................................................................... 142

7-14 Top baccalaureate institutions of S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2006–09 ............................................................... 143

7-15 Top 50 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by sex of recipient: 2006–10 ............................................................ 144

7-16 Top 20 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by race/ethnicity of U.S. citizen and permanent resident minority recipients: 2006–10 ............................................................................................................ 146

7-17 S&E doctoral degrees awarded by leading institutions, by disability status of recipient: 2006–09 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148

7-18 Carnegie classification of doctorate-granting institutions of U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 .......................................................................... 149

7-19 Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and sex: 2006–10 ................................................................................................................................................................... 150

7-20 Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and race/ethnicity: 2006–10 ................................................................................................................................................152

7-21 Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2006–09 ............................................................................................................................................................ 154

8-1 S&E postdoctoral fellows in academic institutions, by field, citizenship, and sex: 2010 ........................................................................155

8-2 Definite postgraduation plans of U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by major field, sex, and location: 2010 .............................................................................................................................................157

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013 v

8-3 Location and type of postgraduate activity for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduate plans, by race/ethnicity: 2010 ............................................................................ 158

8-4 Location and type of postgraduate activity for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduate plans, by disability status: 2010 ......................................................................... 159

9-1 Employed persons 16 years and older, by occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages .............................................. 160

9-2 Employed women 16 years and older, by detailed occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 161

9-3 Employed men 16 years and older, by detailed occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 162

9-4 Employed persons 16 years and older, by detailed occupation and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1994–2009 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................................... 163

9-5 Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and sex: 2008 ................................................................... 166

9-6 Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and race/ethnicity: 2008 ............................................... 168

9-7 Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, race/ethnicity, highest degree level, and sex: 2008 ........................................174

9-8 Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and disability status: 2008 .............................................177

9-9 Employment status of scientists and engineers, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 ...................................... 179

9-10 Employment status of scientists and engineers with disabilities, by age at onset of disability: 2008 .............................................. 181

9-11 Scientists and engineers employed part time, by preference for full-time employment and reason for working part time, by sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008................................................................................................. 182

9-12 Scientists and engineers who are unemployed or out of labor force, by reason for not working, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 .......................................................................................................................................................... 183

9-13 Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health bachelor’s degree recipients, by field of bachelor’s degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 .................................. 184

9-14 Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health master’s degree recipients, by field of master’s degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 ......................................... 186

9-15 Employment status and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health doctoral degree recipients, by broad field of doctorate, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 ........................................................................ 188

9-16 Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by highest degree, broad occupation, age, and sex: 2008 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 190

9-17 Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by sex, broad occupation, age, and race/ethnicity: 2008 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 192

9-18 Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by broad occupation, age, and disability status: 2008 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 196

9-19 Employed scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 198

9-20 Scientists and engineers employed in schools and academic institutions, by institution type, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 .......................................................................................................................................................... 201

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9-21 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed full time in universities and 4-year colleges, by 2005 Carnegie classification of academic institution, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 .................................... 202

9-22 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by type of academic position, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 ...................................................................... 203

9-23 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, years since doctorate, and faculty rank: 2010 ...............................................................................204

9-24 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, years since doctorate, and tenure status: 2010 ............................................................................ 207

9-25 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010............................................................................................... 210

9-26 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and tenure status: 2010 ............................................................................................ 214

9-27 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010 ....................................................................................................... 218

9-28 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by occupation, disability status and faculty rank: 2010 ................................................................................................................ 220

9-29 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by occupation, disability status, and tenure status: 2010 ..............................................................................................................221

9-30 Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed full time as full, associate, or assistant professors in 4-year colleges or universities who were supported by federal grants or contracts in 2009, by occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010 ..................................................................................................................................................222

9-31 Full-time S&E doctorate holders employed in 4-year colleges or universities, by sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and refereed articles, books, and patents since 2003: 2008 ........................................................................................223

9-32 Scientists and engineers employment in government, by supervisory status, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 ......................................................................................................................................................................................224

9-33 Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by sex: 2006–09 ..................................................226

9-34 Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by race/ethnicity: 2006–09 ..............................229

9-35 Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by disability status: 2006–09 ..........................232

9-36 Primary or secondary work activity of scientists and engineers employed in business or industry, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 ..........................................................................................................................................................233

9-37 Scientists and engineers employed in business or industry, by managerial occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008 ......................................................................................................................................................................................235

9-38 Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by sex: 2008 ..............................................................................236

9-39 Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2008 ..........................................237

9-40 Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by disability status and sex: 2008 ...................................... 240

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013 vii

Age (years) All residents Number Percent Number Percent

All ages 308,745,538 156,964,212 50.8 151,781,326 49.2Younger than 5 20,201,362 9,881,935 48.9 10,319,427 51.15–9 20,348,657 9,959,019 48.9 10,389,638 51.110–14 20,677,194 10,097,332 48.8 10,579,862 51.215–19 22,040,343 10,736,677 48.7 11,303,666 51.320–24 21,585,999 10,571,823 49.0 11,014,176 51.025–29 21,101,849 10,466,258 49.6 10,635,591 50.430–34 19,962,099 9,965,599 49.9 9,996,500 50.135–39 20,179,642 10,137,620 50.2 10,042,022 49.840–44 20,890,964 10,496,987 50.2 10,393,977 49.845–49 22,708,591 11,499,506 50.6 11,209,085 49.450–54 22,298,125 11,364,851 51.0 10,933,274 49.055–59 19,664,805 10,141,157 51.6 9,523,648 48.460–64 16,817,924 8,740,424 52.0 8,077,500 48.065–69 12,435,263 6,582,716 52.9 5,852,547 47.170–74 9,278,166 5,034,194 54.3 4,243,972 45.775–79 7,317,795 4,135,407 56.5 3,182,388 43.580–84 5,743,327 3,448,953 60.1 2,294,374 39.985–89 3,620,459 2,346,592 64.8 1,273,867 35.290–95 1,448,366 1,023,979 70.7 424,387 29.395–99 371,244 288,981 77.8 82,263 22.2100 and older 53,364 44,202 82.8 9,162 17.2

Age groupsYounger than 5 20,201,362 9,881,935 48.9 10,319,427 51.15–13 36,859,869 18,025,912 48.9 18,833,957 51.114–17 17,120,236 8,328,484 48.6 8,791,752 51.418–64 194,296,087 97,822,857 50.3 96,473,230 49.7

18–24 30,672,088 15,010,455 48.9 15,661,633 51.125–44 82,134,554 41,066,464 50.0 41,068,090 50.045–64 81,489,445 41,745,938 51.2 39,743,507 48.8

65 and older 40,267,984 22,905,024 56.9 17,362,960 43.1

Female Male

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Summary File 1, table PCT12.

TABLE 1-1. Resident population of the United States, by age and sex: 2010

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2013 1

Sex and race/ethnicity All ages Younger than 5 5–17 18–24 25–64 65 and older

Both sexes 308,745,538 20,201,362 53,980,105 30,672,088 163,727,505 40,164,478White 196,817,552 10,254,079 29,462,483 17,547,396 107,344,163 32,209,431Asian 14,465,124 874,657 2,301,472 1,490,799 8,421,725 1,376,471Black or African American 37,685,848 2,753,996 7,608,187 4,373,485 19,575,799 3,374,381Hispanic or Latino 50,477,594 5,114,488 12,016,403 6,154,040 24,512,156 2,680,507American Indian or Alaska Native 2,247,098 174,719 472,602 262,409 1,157,549 179,819Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 481,576 37,898 97,692 63,890 252,528 29,568Two or more races, not Hispanic 5,966,481 924,259 1,865,312 706,613 2,181,195 289,102Some other race, not Hispanic 604,265 67,266 155,954 73,456 282,390 25,199

Female 156,964,212 9,881,935 26,354,396 15,010,455 82,813,659 22,903,767White 100,050,571 4,996,255 14,324,470 8,625,919 53,926,363 18,177,564Asian 7,595,244 429,519 1,142,236 734,068 4,506,856 782,565Black or African American 19,730,247 1,358,244 3,738,506 2,194,665 10,388,949 2,049,883Hispanic or Latino 24,858,794 2,505,141 5,870,461 2,896,625 11,986,825 1,599,742American Indian or Alaska Native 1,139,170 86,437 231,661 128,673 592,668 99,731Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 238,499 18,601 47,557 30,844 125,355 16,142Two or more races, not Hispanic 3,047,612 454,495 922,593 363,651 1,143,070 163,803Some other race, not Hispanic 304,075 33,243 76,912 36,010 143,573 14,337

Male 151,781,326 10,319,427 27,625,709 15,661,633 80,913,846 17,260,711White 96,766,981 5,257,824 15,138,013 8,921,477 53,417,800 14,031,867Asian 6,869,880 445,138 1,159,236 756,731 3,914,869 593,906Black or African American 17,955,601 1,395,752 3,869,681 2,178,820 9,186,850 1,324,498Hispanic or Latino 25,618,800 2,609,347 6,145,942 3,257,415 12,525,331 1,080,765American Indian or Alaska Native 1,107,928 88,282 240,941 133,736 564,881 80,088Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 243,077 19,297 50,135 33,046 127,173 13,426Two or more races, not Hispanic 2,918,869 469,764 942,719 342,962 1,038,125 125,299Some other race, not Hispanic 300,190 34,023 79,042 37,446 138,817 10,862

Both sexes 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0White 63.7 50.8 54.6 57.2 65.6 80.2Asian 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.9 5.1 3.4Black or African American 12.2 13.6 14.1 14.3 12.0 8.4Hispanic or Latino 16.3 25.3 22.3 20.1 15.0 6.7American Indian or Alaska Native 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1Two or more races, not Hispanic 1.9 4.6 3.5 2.3 1.3 0.7Some other race, not Hispanic 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Female 50.8 48.9 48.8 48.9 50.6 57.0White 32.4 24.7 26.5 28.1 32.9 45.3Asian 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.8 1.9Black or African American 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.2 6.3 5.1Hispanic or Latino 8.1 12.4 10.9 9.4 7.3 4.0American Indian or Alaska Native 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2

Age (years)

Number

Percent distribution

TABLE 1-2. Resident population of the United States, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 2010

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Sex and race/ethnicity All ages Younger than 5 5–17 18–24 25–64 65 and olderAge (years)

TABLE 1-2. Resident population of the United States, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 2010

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Two or more races, not Hispanic 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.4Some other race, not Hispanic 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Male 49.2 51.1 51.2 51.1 49.4 43.0White 31.3 26.0 28.0 29.1 32.6 34.9Asian 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.5Black or African American 5.8 6.9 7.2 7.1 5.6 3.3Hispanic or Latino 8.3 12.9 11.4 10.6 7.7 2.7American Indian or Alaska Native 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Two or more races, not Hispanic 0.9 2.3 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.3Some other race, not Hispanic 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

NOTE: Hispanic may be any race. SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Summary File 1, tables PCT12H, PCT12I, PCT12J, PCT12K, PCT12L, PCT12M, PCT12N, and PCT12O.

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isabilities in Science and E

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Disability status, type, and age (years) Number % distribution Number % distribution Number % distribution

All ages 304,287,836 100.0 148,453,627 100.0 155,834,209 100.0Without disability 267,933,124 88.1 131,098,334 88.3 136,834,790 87.8With disability 36,354,712 11.9 17,355,293 11.7 18,999,419 12.2

Younger than 5 years 20,132,071 100.0 10,294,142 100.0 9,837,929 100.0Without disability 19,976,033 99.2 10,211,569 99.2 9,764,464 99.3With disability 156,038 0.8 82,573 0.8 73,465 0.7

Hearing difficulty 104,624 0.5 57,849 0.6 46,775 0.5Vision difficulty 90,580 0.4 42,477 0.4 48,103 0.5

5–17 years 53,885,453 100.0 27,573,427 100.0 26,312,026 100.0Without disability 51,086,856 94.8 25,796,140 93.6 25,290,716 96.1With disability 2,798,597 5.2 1,777,287 6.4 1,021,310 3.9

Hearing difficulty 338,527 0.6 186,227 0.7 152,300 0.6Vision difficulty 399,837 0.7 206,121 0.7 193,716 0.7Cognitive difficulty 2,113,555 3.9 1,430,174 5.2 683,381 2.6Ambulatory difficulty 347,495 0.6 186,101 0.7 161,394 0.6Self-care difficulty 490,887 0.9 296,450 1.1 194,437 0.7


Hearing difficulty 551,125 0.8 312,995 0.9 238,130 0.7Vision difficulty 625,628 0.9 309,361 0.9 316,267 0.9Cognitive difficulty 2,275,773 3.3 1,284,996 3.7 990,777 2.8Ambulatory difficulty 981,245 1.4 488,530 1.4 492,715 1.4Self-care difficulty 550,713 0.8 299,005 0.9 251,708 0.7Independent living difficulty 1,367,172 2.0 737,383 2.1 629,789 1.8


Hearing difficulty 3,373,235 2.8 2,170,120 3.7 1,203,115 1.9Vision difficulty 2,583,439 2.1 1,258,204 2.1 1,325,235 2.1Cognitive difficulty 5,667,229 4.7 2,757,488 4.7 2,909,741 4.7Ambulatory difficulty 8,875,463 7.3 3,914,741 6.6 4,960,722 8.0Self-care difficulty 2,893,489 2.4 1,334,530 2.3 1,558,959 2.5Independent living difficulty 5,280,886 4.4 2,316,547 3.9 2,964,339 4.8


Hearing difficulty 1,930,693 8.9 1,267,233 12.6 663,460 5.7Vision difficulty 899,016 4.2 407,073 4.1 491,943 4.2Cognitive difficulty 1,175,340 5.4 542,837 5.4 632,503 5.5Ambulatory difficulty 3,464,867 16.0 1,390,711 13.9 2,074,156 17.9Self-care difficulty 990,713 4.6 420,882 4.2 569,831 4.9Independent living difficulty 1,753,160 8.1 668,830 6.7 1,084,330 9.4

FemaleBoth sexes MaleTABLE 1-3. U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, by disability status, type of disability, sex, and age: 2010

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Disability status, type, and age (years) Number % distribution Number % distribution Number % distributionFemaleBoth sexes Male

TABLE 1-3. U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, by disability status, type of disability, sex, and age: 2010

75 and older 17,517,862 100.0 6,992,978 100.0 10,524,884 100.0Without disability 8,664,252 49.5 3,613,486 51.7 5,050,766 48.0With disability 8,853,610 50.5 3,379,492 48.3 5,474,118 52.0

Hearing difficulty 3,973,297 22.7 1,906,913 27.3 2,066,384 19.6Vision difficulty 1,789,330 10.2 625,897 9.0 1,163,433 11.1Cognitive difficulty 2,537,057 14.5 878,876 12.6 1,658,181 15.8Ambulatory difficulty 5,849,820 33.4 1,944,227 27.8 3,905,593 37.1Self-care difficulty 2,437,138 13.9 781,461 11.2 1,655,677 15.7Independent living difficulty 4,584,408 26.2 1,367,615 19.6 3,216,793 30.6

NOTES: In 2008 American Community Survey (ACS) changed the way it asks about disability. Six types of disability—hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, and independent living difficulties—were asked about in 2010 ACS. People 18 and older were classified by Census as having a disability if they responded yes to at least one of the six difficulties. Children younger than 5 were classified as having a disability if they had a hearing or vision difficulty. Children 5–17 were classified as having a disability if they had one of five difficulties—hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, or self-care difficulty. Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. See source tables for confidence intervals for these estimates. Age categories drawn from published Census tables.

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey, tables B18101–B18107, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.

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ersons with D


ngineering: 20135

Race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, andenrollment status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All enrolled 13,895,335 14,444,738 14,666,119 14,974,136 15,157,730 15,379,340 15,799,911 16,570,857 17,778,741 18,312,649

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 13,588,678 14,129,260 14,352,907 14,660,124 14,842,686 15,058,061 15,464,197 16,210,103 17,404,882 17,915,952White 8,765,921 8,980,920 9,086,422 9,163,052 9,203,891 9,201,965 9,318,814 9,560,888 9,942,363 10,082,269Asian or Pacific Islandera 825,811 861,237 861,124 882,722 904,954 927,764 965,445 1,007,955 1,034,929 1,019,873Black 1,580,780 1,672,875 1,745,251 1,810,551 1,843,231 1,872,218 1,945,218 2,097,256 2,335,984 2,462,896Hispanicb 1,522,220 1,605,346 1,659,305 1,733,239 1,793,257 1,858,037 1,954,538 2,129,684 2,321,094 2,548,908American Indian or Alaska Native 137,388 143,353 149,421 151,843 152,136 154,530 158,762 163,816 173,664 167,193Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 756,558 865,529 851,384 918,717 945,217 1,043,547 1,121,420 1,250,504 1,596,848 1,634,813

Temporary resident 306,657 315,478 313,212 314,012 315,044 321,279 335,714 360,754 373,859 396,697

Female 7,818,871 8,178,266 8,365,639 8,556,851 8,671,008 8,787,308 8,992,599 9,420,814 10,094,332 10,379,172U.S. citizen and permanent resident 7,671,033 8,022,203 8,208,280 8,395,981 8,507,912 8,621,831 8,821,082 9,237,891 9,907,537 10,183,024

White 4,867,539 5,009,738 5,092,170 5,135,228 5,159,358 5,144,682 5,191,966 5,312,728 5,511,696 5,583,912Asian or Pacific Islandera 437,483 458,912 463,253 476,190 489,098 500,544 518,239 539,742 550,903 539,049Black 1,000,290 1,066,656 1,121,453 1,167,051 1,188,267 1,204,525 1,243,781 1,338,120 1,482,349 1,555,539Hispanicb 878,546 934,436 975,742 1,020,188 1,054,125 1,089,843 1,140,319 1,239,639 1,343,900 1,468,695American Indian or Alaska Native 82,142 86,540 91,499 92,559 93,142 93,504 95,851 98,372 103,531 99,617Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 405,033 465,921 464,163 504,765 523,922 588,733 630,926 709,290 915,158 936,212

Temporary resident 147,838 156,063 157,359 160,870 163,096 165,477 171,517 182,923 186,795 196,148Male 6,076,464 6,266,472 6,300,480 6,417,285 6,486,722 6,592,032 6,807,312 7,150,043 7,684,409 7,933,477

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 5,917,645 6,107,057 6,144,627 6,264,143 6,334,774 6,436,230 6,643,115 6,972,212 7,497,345 7,732,928White 3,898,382 3,971,182 3,994,252 4,027,824 4,044,533 4,057,283 4,126,848 4,248,160 4,430,667 4,498,357Asian or Pacific Islandera 388,328 402,325 397,871 406,532 415,856 427,220 447,206 468,213 484,026 480,824Black 580,490 606,219 623,798 643,500 654,964 667,693 701,437 759,136 853,635 907,357Hispanicb 643,674 670,910 683,563 713,051 739,132 768,194 814,219 890,045 977,194 1,080,213American Indian or Alaska Native 55,246 56,813 57,922 59,284 58,994 61,026 62,911 65,444 70,133 67,576Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 351,525 399,608 387,221 413,952 421,295 454,814 490,494 541,214 681,690 698,601


Full time 8,470,260 8,879,262 9,185,634 9,437,322 9,599,243 9,725,280 9,997,250 10,419,587 11,315,673 11,642,967U.S. citizen and permanent resident 8,226,721 8,627,902 8,932,939 9,183,102 9,347,772 9,469,710 9,727,792 10,129,326 11,010,895 11,318,539

White 5,514,795 5,696,421 5,870,642 5,959,280 6,028,506 6,017,352 6,111,160 6,249,240 6,571,599 6,633,167Asian or Pacific Islandera 500,608 525,418 536,988 550,945 566,358 585,939 612,470 639,795 662,862 656,054Black 932,604 994,421 1,057,690 1,101,419 1,130,241 1,140,808 1,190,197 1,276,222 1,455,302 1,516,543Hispanicb 797,286 847,023 904,406 949,048 985,923 1,020,077 1,073,810 1,160,534 1,308,170 1,458,581American Indian or Alaska Native 78,818 83,276 89,304 91,260 92,261 93,171 96,148 98,669 107,904 102,643Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 402,610 481,343 473,909 531,150 544,483 612,363 644,007 704,866 905,058 951,551



White 2,975,230 3,081,680 3,184,266 3,233,409 3,274,405 3,257,590 3,302,424 3,377,106 3,541,192 3,578,585Asian or Pacific Islandera 261,401 274,824 282,792 290,154 298,256 307,361 319,665 334,184 344,926 339,576

TABLE 2-1. Undergraduate enrollment at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10

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TABLE 2-1. Undergraduate enrollment at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10

Black 573,330 614,468 657,465 688,448 707,511 712,074 739,866 793,792 901,189 932,584Hispanicb 463,905 493,864 529,993 556,492 578,868 596,676 624,689 675,509 755,436 838,898American Indian or Alaska Native 45,994 48,987 53,300 54,136 54,844 54,833 56,711 58,012 62,681 59,996Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 211,113 253,459 251,302 286,398 296,695 342,369 359,726 393,608 513,290 539,071


U.S. citizen and permanent resident 3,695,748 3,860,620 3,973,821 4,074,065 4,137,193 4,198,807 4,324,711 4,497,115 4,892,181 5,029,829White 2,539,565 2,614,741 2,686,376 2,725,871 2,754,101 2,759,762 2,808,736 2,872,134 3,030,407 3,054,582Asian or Pacific Islandera 239,207 250,594 254,196 260,791 268,102 278,578 292,805 305,611 317,936 316,478Black 359,274 379,953 400,225 412,971 422,730 428,734 450,331 482,430 554,113 583,959Hispanicb 333,381 353,159 374,413 392,556 407,055 423,401 449,121 485,025 552,734 619,683American Indian or Alaska Native 32,824 34,289 36,004 37,124 37,417 38,338 39,437 40,657 45,223 42,647Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 191,497 227,884 222,607 244,752 247,788 269,994 284,281 311,258 391,768 412,480


SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Fall Enrollment Survey.

NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups.

a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races.c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. In 2008 and 2009, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; this became a requirement in 2010. Thus, starting in 2008, this category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional or required new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. Comparisons of race/ethnicity data from prior years should be undertaken with caution as a result of these changes.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 20137

Race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All enrolled 2,535,260 2,611,542 2,648,249 2,673,749 2,699,138 2,750,060 2,819,779 3,070,175 3,255,483 3,208,874




White 862,843 889,659 898,070 886,110 888,363 878,415 880,959 919,255 926,993 906,939Asian or Pacific Islandera 70,511 71,582 71,905 73,933 77,012 81,998 82,715 92,515 90,341 85,764Black 182,515 195,834 205,782 212,247 213,933 217,159 229,564 248,325 270,161 265,348Hispanicb 147,254 157,552 163,674 173,283 179,278 187,767 195,813 231,419 246,818 272,325American Indian or Alaska Native 14,769 15,048 15,690 15,408 16,036 16,148 16,682 17,279 17,916 16,172Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 66,183 73,044 71,740 81,794 83,388 96,985 101,267 122,257 173,399 147,624


U.S. citizen and permanent resident 1,144,715 1,165,026 1,178,308 1,187,353 1,194,927 1,222,061 1,257,690 1,377,514 1,468,431 1,450,961White 759,378 766,675 771,348 764,498 765,982 764,346 774,755 814,755 829,729 811,858Asian or Pacific Islandera 65,874 66,310 64,974 67,379 69,668 75,772 77,144 85,711 84,826 80,963Black 127,427 133,622 138,933 141,322 142,466 146,377 157,859 175,432 195,386 196,253Hispanicb 116,184 121,306 126,369 132,800 136,672 146,488 154,360 187,148 202,563 222,126American Indian or Alaska Native 11,453 11,311 11,630 11,483 11,785 12,543 12,566 13,408 14,605 13,029Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 64,399 65,802 65,054 69,871 68,354 76,535 81,006 101,060 141,322 126,732



White 1,326,169 1,358,142 1,385,440 1,383,683 1,401,571 1,390,718 1,416,424 1,454,734 1,485,493 1,445,141Asian or Pacific Islandera 110,306 112,831 112,344 116,238 122,034 130,820 134,237 142,877 141,691 135,446Black 236,667 250,922 267,582 277,146 282,776 284,391 305,172 329,419 361,747 350,637Hispanicb 193,573 206,138 219,907 231,597 240,621 251,569 266,113 304,846 332,919 369,200American Indian or Alaska Native 19,833 20,057 21,357 21,402 22,370 22,517 23,345 23,663 25,666 22,443Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 97,799 104,937 103,922 119,525 119,117 135,937 140,306 160,204 226,787 201,893




Temporary resident 18,523 18,615 18,039 18,795 19,573 20,794 23,438 26,101 26,087 26,533Male 941,754 961,085 984,305 998,858 1,012,288 1,032,881 1,070,341 1,133,980 1,211,310 1,193,083

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 920,032 941,739 965,302 979,698 991,895 1,010,361 1,044,928 1,105,904 1,183,137 1,162,893White 626,197 636,138 647,833 647,765 653,458 652,553 665,993 685,473 703,806 683,794Asian or Pacific Islandera 53,015 54,084 53,414 55,517 58,118 63,035 64,884 68,967 68,665 65,666Black 97,993 103,052 108,899 111,773 113,464 115,438 124,646 135,993 151,426 149,545Hispanicb 84,464 88,820 95,306 99,642 102,971 109,065 115,960 133,040 146,862 161,633

TABLE 2-2. Enrollment of first-time, first-year undergraduate students at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10

8 www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/

Race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

TABLE 2-2. Enrollment of first-time, first-year undergraduate students at all institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10

American Indian or Alaska Native 8,760 8,745 9,265 9,214 9,548 9,964 10,110 10,343 11,594 10,027Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 49,603 50,900 50,585 55,787 54,336 60,306 63,335 72,088 100,784 92,228




c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. In 2008 and 2009, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; this became a requirement in 2010. Thus, starting in 2008, this category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional or required new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. Comparisons of race/ethnicity data from prior years should be undertaken with caution as a result of these changes.

a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races.



All enrolled 6,016,248 6,320,559 6,301,251 6,376,389 6,358,534 6,414,417 6,605,393 6,953,574 7,574,855 7,765,675

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 5,915,655 6,216,182 6,201,166 6,282,064 6,263,022 6,316,410 6,503,440 6,842,173 7,466,872 7,658,100White 3,592,037 3,728,059 3,707,079 3,711,547 3,660,515 3,637,456 3,681,928 3,798,269 4,028,209 4,071,340Asian or Pacific Islandera 387,341 407,393 394,493 402,484 407,061 414,296 430,018 446,211 455,001 447,764Black 723,012 781,465 804,489 823,744 818,363 830,786 862,429 924,721 1,037,970 1,101,315Hispanicb 840,167 889,367 892,024 926,582 947,477 975,725 1,029,041 1,130,306 1,221,428 1,332,778American Indian or Alaska Native 68,342 71,531 72,064 73,008 71,243 71,361 72,191 75,477 80,922 79,374Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 304,756 338,367 331,017 344,699 358,363 386,786 427,833 467,189 643,342 625,529













U.S. citizen and permanent resident 994,202 1,069,305 1,098,384 1,113,516 1,110,574 1,121,491 1,168,188 1,225,144 1,422,395 1,461,349White 641,015 680,770 697,823 701,372 693,880 690,332 707,999 732,188 824,616 823,510Asian or Pacific Islandera 66,228 71,657 71,364 71,762 72,307 74,915 79,062 81,425 85,052 84,783Black 108,079 119,137 124,729 126,726 127,121 129,561 137,686 148,605 181,743 195,154Hispanicb 117,742 129,716 134,018 139,434 142,402 147,990 158,956 171,452 199,996 224,309

TABLE 2-3. Undergraduate enrollment at 2-year institutions, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and enrollment status: 2001–10



All enrolled 7,879,087 8,124,179 8,364,868 8,597,747 8,799,196 8,964,923 9,194,518 9,617,283 10,203,886 10,546,974

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 7,673,023 7,913,078 8,151,741 8,378,060 8,579,664 8,741,651 8,960,757 9,367,930 9,938,010 10,257,852White 5,173,884 5,252,861 5,379,343 5,451,505 5,543,376 5,564,509 5,636,886 5,762,619 5,914,154 6,010,929Asian or Pacific Islandera 438,470 453,844 466,631 480,238 497,893 513,468 535,427 561,744 579,928 572,109Black 857,768 891,410 940,762 986,807 1,024,868 1,041,432 1,082,789 1,172,535 1,298,014 1,361,581Hispanicb 682,053 715,979 767,281 806,657 845,780 882,312 925,497 999,378 1,099,666 1,216,130American Indian or Alaska Native 69,046 71,822 77,357 78,835 80,893 83,169 86,571 88,339 92,742 87,819Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 451,802 527,162 520,367 574,018 586,854 656,761 693,587 783,315 953,506 1,009,284








White 4,134,509 4,222,117 4,349,930 4,424,421 4,514,406 4,517,693 4,580,932 4,672,928 4,809,309 4,863,550Asian or Pacific Islandera 364,852 379,016 390,510 403,638 419,113 434,346 454,119 476,768 492,336 486,161Black 647,434 675,089 717,613 754,559 788,381 795,993 830,508 893,436 992,642 1,022,849Hispanicb 512,897 534,839 578,395 611,056 643,485 667,649 700,221 759,236 847,957 945,947American Indian or Alaska Native 50,226 52,348 56,578 57,662 59,951 60,993 63,708 64,898 69,213 64,131Other or unknown race/ethnicityc 304,491 369,367 357,029 404,802 414,293 474,822 493,874 541,683 664,195 700,226





U.S. citizen and permanent resident 2,701,546 2,791,315 2,875,437 2,960,549 3,026,619 3,077,316 3,156,523 3,271,971 3,469,786 3,568,480White 1,898,550 1,933,971 1,988,553 2,024,499 2,060,221 2,069,430 2,100,737 2,139,946 2,205,791 2,231,072Asian or Pacific Islandera 172,979 178,937 182,832 189,029 195,795 203,663 213,743 224,186 232,884 231,695Black 251,195 260,816 275,496 286,245 295,609 299,173 312,645 333,825 372,370 388,805Hispanicb 215,639 223,443 240,395 253,122 264,653 275,411 290,165 313,573 352,738 395,374









b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races.

a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.



All institutions PublicSex, race/ethnicity, and citizenship Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part timeAll undergraduates 18,312,649 11,642,967 6,669,682 13,781,071 8,059,119 5,721,952 2,768,862 2,288,820 480,042 1,762,716 1,295,028 467,688

Female 10,379,172 6,445,159 3,934,013 7,672,972 4,335,538 3,337,434 1,590,728 1,293,550 297,178 1,115,472 816,071 299,401Male 7,933,477 5,197,808 2,735,669 6,108,099 3,723,581 2,384,518 1,178,134 995,270 182,864 647,244 478,957 168,287

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 17,915,952 11,318,539 6,597,413 13,504,455 7,845,404 5,659,051 2,665,895 2,192,835 473,060 1,745,602 1,280,300 465,302Female 10,183,024 6,288,710 3,894,314 7,537,022 4,234,257 3,302,765 1,540,539 1,247,066 293,473 1,105,463 807,387 298,076Male 7,732,928 5,029,829 2,703,099 5,967,433 3,611,147 2,356,286 1,125,356 945,769 179,587 640,139 472,913 167,226

White 10,082,269 6,633,167 3,449,102 7,801,602 4,767,785 3,033,817 1,617,820 1,365,977 251,843 662,847 499,405 163,442Female 5,583,912 3,578,585 2,005,327 4,260,394 2,508,513 1,751,881 916,307 762,163 154,144 407,211 307,909 99,302Male 4,498,357 3,054,582 1,443,775 3,541,208 2,259,272 1,281,936 701,513 603,814 97,699 255,636 191,496 64,140

Asian or Pacific Islandera 1,019,873 656,054 363,819 842,133 503,056 339,077 134,891 119,432 15,459 42,849 33,566 9,283Female 539,049 339,576 199,473 438,977 253,262 185,715 76,060 67,384 8,676 24,012 18,930 5,082Male 480,824 316,478 164,346 403,156 249,794 153,362 58,831 52,048 6,783 18,837 14,636 4,201

Black 2,462,896 1,516,543 946,353 1,762,837 995,355 767,482 312,067 241,163 70,904 387,992 280,025 107,967Female 1,555,539 932,584 622,955 1,096,458 597,397 499,061 194,718 145,813 48,905 264,363 189,374 74,989Male 907,357 583,959 323,398 666,379 397,958 268,421 117,349 95,350 21,999 123,629 90,651 32,978

Hispanicb 2,548,908 1,458,581 1,090,327 1,990,202 1,001,108 989,094 305,783 249,164 56,619 252,923 208,309 44,614Female 1,468,695 838,898 629,797 1,136,257 565,181 571,076 181,349 147,533 33,816 151,089 126,184 24,905Male 1,080,213 619,683 460,530 853,945 435,927 418,018 124,434 101,631 22,803 101,834 82,125 19,709

American Indian or Alaska Native 167,193 102,643 64,550 134,565 76,735 57,830 18,521 14,687 3,834 14,107 11,221 2,886Female 99,617 59,996 39,621 79,251 43,994 35,257 11,323 8,844 2,479 9,043 7,158 1,885Male 67,576 42,647 24,929 55,314 32,741 22,573 7,198 5,843 1,355 5,064 4,063 1,001

Other or unknown race/ethnicity or multi-race 1,634,813 951,551 683,262 973,116 501,365 471,751 276,813 202,412 74,401 384,884 247,774 137,110

Female 936,212 539,071 397,141 525,685 265,910 259,775 160,782 115,329 45,453 249,745 157,832 91,913Male 698,601 412,480 286,121 447,431 235,455 211,976 116,031 87,083 28,948 135,139 89,942 45,197

Temporary resident 396,697 324,428 72,269 276,616 213,715 62,901 102,967 95,985 6,982 17,114 14,728 2,386Female 196,148 156,449 39,699 135,950 101,281 34,669 50,189 46,484 3,705 10,009 8,684 1,325Male 200,549 167,979 32,570 140,666 112,434 28,232 52,778 49,501 3,277 7,105 6,044 1,061

TABLE 2-5. Undergraduate enrollment status, by sex, race/ethnicity, citizenship, institutional control, and enrollment status: 2010 Private nonprofit Private for profit


SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Fall Enrollment Survey, 2010.

a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.b Includes Hispanic of one or more races.

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(Percent distribution)

All undergraduates (number) 20,927,900 18,662,100 2,265,800Age (years) 100.0 100.0 100.0

15–23 59.7 60.4 54.024–29 17.3 17.0 20.130 and older 23.0 22.7 25.9

Institution type4-year 46.7 47.4 41.32-year 42.7 42.1 47.2Less than 2-year 2.6 2.5 3.4More than one institution 8.0 8.0 8.0

Type of aid No aid received 34.4 34.2 35.6Grants only 22.5 22.6 21.8Loans only 9.9 10.0 9.2Work study only 0.8 0.9 0.5Other only 1.1 1.1 1.7Grants and loans 19.9 19.8 20.6Grants and work study 1.7 1.7 1.5Grants, loans, and work study 3.6 3.6 3.1Grants, loans, and other 2.4 2.4 2.3Other combination 3.7 3.7 3.7

Enrollment statusFull time

Full yearOne institution 35.4 35.9 30.8More than one institution 3.9 3.9 3.9

Part year 14.0 13.8 15.7Part time

Full yearOne institution 19.6 19.5 20.7More than one institution 2.4 2.5 2.2

Part year 24.6 24.4 26.7

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2008.

NOTES: For disability status, those who reported any type of disability related to blindness, deafness, severe vision or hearing impairment, substantial limitation of mobility, or any other physical, mental, or emotional condition that lasted 6 months or more were classified as "with disability." Differences in number of undergraduates in this table and tables 2-1 through 2-5 primarily reflect differences in the population of institutions surveyed. See U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Estimating Undergraduate Enrollment in Postsecondary Education Using National Center for Education Statistics Data (NCES 2005-063) at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005063 for further explanation of these differences. Age categories used are consistent with those used in National Center for Education Statistics tables based on this survey.

TABLE 2-6. Disability status of undergraduate students, by age, institution type, financial aid, and enrollment status: 2008

All undergraduates Without disability With disabilityAge, institution type, financial aid, and enrollment status


TABLE 2-7. Major field of study of undergraduates, by disability status: 2008(Percent distribution)

All fields (number) 19,667,500 17,539,800 2,127,700All fields 100.0 100.0 100.0

Business/management 17.2 17.4 15.5Education 6.2 6.3 5.7Health 15.3 15.2 15.7Humanities 16.2 15.9 18.1S&E 22.8 23.1 21.7

Computer/information sciences 3.6 3.5 3.8Engineering 5.3 5.4 4.9Life sciences 5.7 5.8 5.4Mathematics 0.5 0.6 0.5Physical sciences 0.9 1.0 0.5Social/behavioral sciences 6.8 6.8 6.6

Other 22.3 22.2 23.0

Major field of studyAll

undergraduates No disability With disability

NOTES: For disability status, those who reported any type of disability related to blindness, deafness, severe vision or hearing impairment, substantial limitation of mobility, or any other physical, mental, or emotional condition that lasted 6 months or more were classified as "with disability." Differences in number of undergraduates in this table and tables 2-1 through 2-5 primarily reflect differences in the population of institutions surveyed. See U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Estimating Undergraduate Enrollment in Postsecondary Education Using National Center for Education Statistics Data (NCES 2005-063) at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005063 for further explanation of these differences. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2008.


Race/ethnicity and sexAll S&E majors

Biological/ agricultural

sciencesComputer sciences Engineering

Mathematics/ statistics

Physical sciences

Social/ behavioral

sciences

All races/ethnicities 38.4 11.6 1.5 10.3 0.9 2.7 11.4Female 33.3 12.4 0.4 4.0 0.7 2.2 13.6Male 44.1 10.0 2.9 17.9 1.1 3.4 8.8

White 37.0 10.8 1.4 10.5 0.9 2.8 10.6Female 31.1 11.2 0.3 4.0 0.8 2.4 12.4Male 43.8 10.0 2.7 18.0 1.1 3.6 8.4

Asian 49.0 18.3 2.2 14.7 1.2 3.0 9.6Female 43.1 19.9 0.8 7.2 1.1 2.6 11.5Male 54.5 16.2 3.5 22.7 1.3 3.2 7.6

Black 36.5 10.9 2.6 7.4 0.5 1.8 13.3Female 35.3 12.8 1.1 3.2 0.5 1.7 16.0Male 39.4 8.2 4.9 14.6 0.5 2.2 9.0

Hispanic/Latino 40.7 11.7 1.5 9.3 0.7 1.9 15.6Female 38.1 12.9 0.6 3.2 0.6 1.7 19.1Male 44.4 9.7 2.7 18.2 0.8 2.3 10.7

American Indian 27.6 8.9 1.5 5.6 0.1 1.9 9.6Female 23.6 10.2 0.0 1.6 0.1 1.2 10.5Male 31.4 7.5 1.3 11.2 0.0 3.0 8.4

TABLE 2-8. Intentions of freshmen to major in S&E fields, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2010 (Percent)

SOURCE: Higher Education Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, special tabulations (2011) of the Survey of the American Freshman.

S&E = science and engineering.

NOTES: Includes first-year students at all 4-year colleges. Race/ethnicity categories are those used in survey's data collection.


All enrolled1999 361,395 71,376 290,019 243,560 39,891 25,419 29,111 2,396 21,0182000 390,803 76,027 314,776 263,931 44,652 26,096 31,107 2,385 22,6322001 409,557 78,468 331,089 275,248 47,937 27,442 31,482 2,458 24,9902002 421,178 77,952 343,226 286,246 49,696 26,433 33,311 2,362 23,1302003 421,791 75,934 345,857 284,498 49,602 25,986 35,230 2,425 24,0502004 419,387 74,139 345,248 284,610 47,872 25,313 35,060 2,458 24,0742005 409,326 70,579 338,747 282,421 43,385 24,343 35,198 2,295 21,6842006 405,489 69,869 335,620 277,921 43,902 23,414 36,389 2,598 21,2652007 431,910 74,258 357,652 295,358 47,059 24,074 39,448 2,523 23,4482008 442,952 77,671 365,281 301,483 47,738 24,771 41,919 2,629 24,4122009 468,139 83,988 384,151 315,240 50,293 25,189 47,219 2,850 27,348

Full-time, first-year undergraduate1999 93,951 18,032 75,919 64,472 9,570 7,989 7,070 676 4,1742000 101,773 19,257 82,516 69,566 11,091 8,192 7,571 629 4,7242001 106,825 19,509 87,316 72,848 11,446 8,552 7,715 663 5,6012002 107,086 18,447 88,639 74,710 11,157 8,108 7,991 656 4,4642003 103,834 17,047 86,787 72,471 10,421 7,619 8,403 642 4,2782004 103,361 16,896 86,465 72,547 10,145 7,374 8,268 696 4,3312005 100,411 16,238 84,173 70,732 9,281 7,212 8,338 623 4,2252006 100,228 16,751 83,477 69,369 9,796 7,112 8,773 715 4,4632007 110,558 18,617 91,941 76,071 11,200 7,224 9,452 729 5,8822008 111,006 19,342 91,664 75,508 11,106 7,338 10,282 765 6,0072009 114,704 20,342 94,362 77,530 11,434 7,337 11,021 815 6,567

All enrolled1999 100.0 19.8 80.2 67.4 11.0 7.0 8.1 0.7 5.82000 100.0 19.5 80.5 67.5 11.4 6.7 8.0 0.6 5.82001 100.0 19.2 80.8 67.2 11.7 6.7 7.7 0.6 6.12002 100.0 18.5 81.5 68.0 11.8 6.3 7.9 0.6 5.52003 100.0 18.0 82.0 67.4 11.8 6.2 8.4 0.6 5.72004 100.0 17.7 82.3 67.9 11.4 6.0 8.4 0.6 5.72005 100.0 17.2 82.8 69.0 10.6 5.9 8.6 0.6 5.32006 100.0 17.2 82.8 68.5 10.8 5.8 9.0 0.6 5.22007 100.0 17.2 82.8 68.4 10.9 5.6 9.1 0.6 5.42008 100.0 17.5 82.5 68.1 10.8 5.6 9.5 0.6 5.52009 100.0 17.9 82.1 67.3 10.7 5.4 10.1 0.6 5.8

Full-time, first-year undergraduate1999 100.0 19.2 80.8 68.6 10.2 8.5 7.5 0.7 4.42000 100.0 18.9 81.1 68.4 10.9 8.0 7.4 0.6 4.62001 100.0 18.3 81.7 68.2 10.7 8.0 7.2 0.6 5.22002 100.0 17.2 82.8 69.8 10.4 7.6 7.5 0.6 4.22003 100.0 16.4 83.6 69.8 10.0 7.3 8.1 0.6 4.12004 100.0 16.3 83.7 70.2 9.8 7.1 8.0 0.7 4.22005 100.0 16.2 83.8 70.4 9.2 7.2 8.3 0.6 4.22006 100.0 16.7 83.3 69.2 9.8 7.1 8.8 0.7 4.52007 100.0 16.8 83.2 68.8 10.1 6.5 8.5 0.7 5.32008 100.0 17.4 82.6 68.0 10.0 6.6 9.3 0.7 5.42009 100.0 17.7 82.3 67.6 10.0 6.4 9.6 0.7 5.7

NOTE: Race/ethnicity/citizenship categories are those used in survey's data collection.

SOURCE: Engineering Workforce Commission, Engineering & Technology Enrollments: Fall 2009.


TABLE 2-9. Undergraduate enrollment in engineering programs, by sex, race/ethnicity, citizenship, and enrollment status: 1999–2009

Number

All undergraduates Female Male White Hispanic

Native American

Foreign nationalAsian BlackYear and enrollment status


Sex andenrollment status

All undergraduates White Asian Black Hispanic

Native American

Foreign national

All enrolled 468,139 315,240 50,293 25,189 47,219 2,850 27,348Male 384,151 264,353 39,718 18,945 36,781 2,170 22,184Female 83,988 50,887 10,575 6,244 10,438 680 5,164Full time, first year 114,704 77,530 11,434 7,337 11,021 815 6,567

Male 94,362 64,826 9,022 5,600 8,975 615 5,324Female 20,342 12,704 2,412 1,737 2,046 200 1,243

All enrolled 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Male 82.1 83.9 79.0 75.2 77.9 76.1 81.1Female 17.9 16.1 21.0 24.8 22.1 23.9 18.9Full time, first year 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 82.3 83.6 78.9 76.3 81.4 75.5 81.1Female 17.7 16.4 21.1 23.7 18.6 24.5 18.9


Number

SOURCE: Engineering Workforce Commission, Engineering & Technology Enrollments: Fall 2009.

NOTE: Race/ethnicity/citizenship categories are those used in survey's data collection.

TABLE 2-10. Undergraduate enrollment in engineering programs, by sex, enrollment status, race/ethnicity, and citizenship: 2009


Sex and field Total WhiteAsian or Pacific

Islandera Black HispanicbAmerican Indian or

Alaska NativeOther or

unknowncTemporary

resident

Both sexes, S&E 556,532 255,256 33,273 31,094 28,609 2,500 39,671 166,129Science 407,291 202,386 22,829 26,914 22,969 2,171 30,839 99,183

Agricultural sciences 15,656 9,867 377 482 770 146 774 3,240Biological sciences 74,928 38,386 6,347 3,653 3,970 361 4,780 17,431

Anatomy 849 494 78 33 55 1 37 151Biochemistry 5,308 2,333 474 187 259 30 306 1,719Biology 17,210 9,246 1,108 828 1,011 76 1,390 3,551Biometry and epidemiology 6,398 2,722 744 545 287 25 441 1,634Biophysics 1,072 502 104 28 43 5 52 338Botany 1,863 877 106 19 60 15 87 699Cell biology 7,047 3,220 710 257 385 41 429 2,005Ecology 1,828 1,313 56 19 71 9 150 210Entomology and parasitology 1,116 703 30 21 43 6 48 265Genetics 2,333 1,300 155 75 95 12 95 601Microbiology, immunology, and virology 4,896 2,691 419 244 284 30 245 983Nutrition 5,548 3,268 418 248 289 20 317 988Pathology 1,376 734 119 94 77 5 61 286Pharmacology 3,101 1,404 302 228 152 11 170 834Physiology 2,879 1,548 309 122 127 15 136 622Zoology 896 635 36 12 26 7 57 123Biosciences, other 11,208 5,396 1,179 693 706 53 759 2,422

Communication 9,825 5,848 327 785 563 63 715 1,524Computer sciences 51,546 15,604 3,602 2,228 1,455 125 3,156 25,376Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15,655 10,141 421 328 669 102 1,068 2,926

Atmospheric 1,455 902 53 51 59 5 63 322Earth 8,251 5,328 178 132 324 69 576 1,644Ocean 2,556 1,733 47 29 140 10 163 434Other 3,393 2,178 143 116 146 18 266 526

Family and consumer science/human science 4,191 2,548 149 595 205 26 281 387Mathematics and statistics 23,136 9,722 1,535 740 794 51 1,679 8,615

Mathematics/applied mathematics 17,589 8,117 1,087 599 680 41 1,264 5,801Statistics 5,547 1,605 448 141 114 10 415 2,814

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 7,944 4,199 351 561 617 50 929 1,237Neuroscience 2,798 1,650 249 86 166 10 171 466Physical sciences 38,973 17,319 1,823 1,008 1,364 102 2,036 15,321

Astronomy 1,331 731 60 7 38 7 89 399Chemistry 22,436 9,771 1,201 786 873 57 1,078 8,670Physics 14,507 6,429 534 195 432 28 842 6,047Other 699 388 28 20 21 10 27 205

Psychology 53,419 32,043 2,551 5,442 4,859 353 5,084 3,087Clinical 12,155 7,104 687 924 1,579 84 1,379 398General 14,022 8,674 741 1,282 1,019 90 1,189 1,027Nonclinical 27,242 16,265 1,123 3,236 2,261 179 2,516 1,662

Social sciences 109,220 55,059 5,097 11,006 7,537 782 10,166 19,573Agricultural economics 2,180 900 71 56 56 2 78 1,017Anthropology (cultural and social) 8,528 5,379 315 248 544 127 925 990Economics 14,317 4,707 727 436 492 27 755 7,173Geography 5,059 3,375 155 139 177 25 388 800History and philosophy of science 705 498 18 43 26 2 43 75Linguistics 3,132 1,458 194 61 149 29 291 950Political science and public administration 45,045 22,933 2,251 5,759 3,344 257 4,976 5,525Sociology 9,883 5,277 452 1,189 929 62 758 1,216Sociology/anthropology 329 187 5 56 28 2 38 13Other 20,042 10,345 909 3,019 1,792 249 1,914 1,814

Engineering 149,241 52,870 10,444 4,180 5,640 329 8,832 66,946Aerospace 5,540 2,702 419 92 240 11 429 1,647Agricultural 1,457 528 38 33 30 4 48 776Architecture 6,795 3,928 369 277 420 36 518 1,247Biomedical 8,497 3,526 1,202 240 325 19 491 2,694

U.S. citizen and permanent residentTABLE 3-1. S&E graduate students, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2010





unknowncTemporary

resident


Chemical 8,668 2,872 604 164 279 18 335 4,396Civil 19,559 8,245 1,286 594 1,091 55 1,211 7,077Electrical 41,336 9,035 2,985 937 1,157 48 1,947 25,227Engineering sciences/physics 2,071 784 146 44 65 3 143 886Industrial/manufacturing 15,205 5,011 928 708 677 43 1,661 6,177Mechanical 22,509 9,135 1,352 456 827 46 1,170 9,523Metallurgical/materials 6,274 2,252 418 130 170 12 215 3,077Mining 419 160 4 12 5 2 14 222Nuclear 1,459 912 70 23 53 4 101 296Petroleum 1,295 184 42 29 23 0 15 1,002Other 8,157 3,596 581 441 278 28 534 2,699

Female, S&E 240,481 114,557 14,940 19,160 14,813 1,351 18,174 57,486Science 206,028 103,553 12,155 17,860 13,352 1,266 16,345 41,497


Anatomy 432 255 45 16 27 1 14 74Biochemistry 2,655 1,051 260 120 153 16 147 908Biology 9,582 4,918 623 572 618 42 800 2,009Biometry and epidemiology 3,747 1,650 416 360 190 17 268 846Biophysics 376 149 47 13 9 4 17 137Botany 979 442 57 13 38 9 38 382Cell biology 3,823 1,672 412 159 224 25 226 1,105Ecology 1,009 732 35 14 44 5 86 93Entomology and parasitology 550 355 18 7 26 2 23 119Genetics 1,373 779 105 47 49 6 63 324Microbiology, immunology, and virology 2,849 1,515 262 158 183 18 148 565Nutrition 4,479 2,711 322 215 247 16 276 692Pathology 835 450 72 68 46 4 42 153Pharmacology 1,755 779 168 153 87 6 97 465Physiology 1,466 747 152 88 67 6 69 337Zoology 508 366 20 7 11 2 33 69Biosciences, other 6,153 2,902 661 464 428 34 412 1,252

Communication 6,353 3,662 233 541 367 45 459 1,046Computer sciences 12,807 3,133 993 822 334 31 735 6,759Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 7,200 4,731 228 158 336 46 516 1,185

Atmospheric 484 258 19 15 24 0 27 141Earth 3,493 2,292 91 57 156 32 261 604Ocean 1,423 1,006 34 18 73 7 82 203Other 1,800 1,175 84 68 83 7 146 237

Family and consumer science/human science 3,461 2,099 124 511 166 20 237 304Mathematics and statistics 8,127 3,125 633 319 277 19 564 3,190

Mathematics/applied mathematics 5,768 2,594 403 255 235 17 419 1,845Statistics 2,359 531 230 64 42 2 145 1,345

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 4,493 2,329 208 381 390 29 540 616Neuroscience 1,474 857 130 51 97 4 86 249Physical sciences 12,826 5,267 754 514 506 37 643 5,105

Astronomy 423 242 25 3 11 3 31 108Chemistry 9,261 3,747 586 454 419 24 443 3,588Physics 2,899 1,141 130 50 69 6 159 1,344Other 243 137 13 7 7 4 10 65

Psychology 40,238 23,716 1,960 4,478 3,720 266 3,818 2,280Clinical 9,455 5,447 548 757 1,245 64 1,076 318General 9,992 6,066 544 1,026 730 67 846 713Nonclinical 20,791 12,203 868 2,695 1,745 135 1,896 1,249

Social sciences 58,659 28,326 2,998 7,334 4,300 469 5,565 9,667Agricultural economics 927 356 36 19 25 1 33 457Anthropology (cultural and social) 5,490 3,465 213 189 357 78 602 586Economics 5,214 1,327 291 155 150 8 232 3,051Geography 2,172 1,396 93 71 74 13 169 356





unknowncTemporary

resident


History and philosophy of science 316 213 11 23 12 1 17 39Linguistics 1,888 819 130 39 91 19 166 624Political science and public administration 23,970 11,344 1,330 3,834 1,880 153 2,681 2,748Sociology 6,326 3,355 310 841 569 33 493 725Sociology/anthropology 218 125 3 45 16 1 17 11Other 12,138 5,926 581 2,118 1,126 162 1,155 1,070

Engineering 34,453 11,004 2,785 1,300 1,461 85 1,829 15,989Aerospace 784 375 58 17 36 4 61 233Agricultural 509 145 16 16 10 3 16 303Architecture 3,044 1,641 209 121 182 15 228 648Biomedical 3,133 1,227 442 129 120 7 177 1,031Chemical 2,722 753 223 65 104 2 83 1,492Civil 5,571 2,235 418 206 370 22 303 2,017Electrical 7,193 851 554 174 151 4 273 5,186Engineering sciences/physics 438 132 31 9 12 0 25 229Industrial/manufacturing 3,684 1,033 256 231 190 8 311 1,655Mechanical 3,186 1,160 256 109 132 7 169 1,353Metallurgical/materials 1,754 570 143 57 55 5 50 874Mining 77 30 0 4 2 0 3 38Nuclear 228 126 17 9 13 0 16 47Petroleum 235 31 4 6 7 0 2 185Other 1,895 695 158 147 77 8 112 698

Male, S&E 316,051 140,699 18,333 11,934 13,796 1,149 21,497 108,643Science 201,263 98,833 10,674 9,054 9,617 905 14,494 57,686


Anatomy 417 239 33 17 28 0 23 77Biochemistry 2,653 1,282 214 67 106 14 159 811Biology 7,628 4,328 485 256 393 34 590 1,542Biometry and epidemiology 2,651 1,072 328 185 97 8 173 788Biophysics 696 353 57 15 34 1 35 201Botany 884 435 49 6 22 6 49 317Cell biology 3,224 1,548 298 98 161 16 203 900Ecology 819 581 21 5 27 4 64 117Entomology and parasitology 566 348 12 14 17 4 25 146Genetics 960 521 50 28 46 6 32 277Microbiology, immunology, and virology 2,047 1,176 157 86 101 12 97 418Nutrition 1,069 557 96 33 42 4 41 296Pathology 541 284 47 26 31 1 19 133Pharmacology 1,346 625 134 75 65 5 73 369Physiology 1,413 801 157 34 60 9 67 285Zoology 388 269 16 5 15 5 24 54Biosciences, other 5,055 2,494 518 229 278 19 347 1,170

Communication 3,472 2,186 94 244 196 18 256 478Computer sciences 38,739 12,471 2,609 1,406 1,121 94 2,421 18,617Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 8,455 5,410 193 170 333 56 552 1,741

Atmospheric 971 644 34 36 35 5 36 181Earth 4,758 3,036 87 75 168 37 315 1,040Ocean 1,133 727 13 11 67 3 81 231Other 1,593 1,003 59 48 63 11 120 289

Family and consumer science/human science 730 449 25 84 39 6 44 83Mathematics and statistics 15,009 6,597 902 421 517 32 1,115 5,425

Mathematics/applied mathematics 11,821 5,523 684 344 445 24 845 3,956Statistics 3,188 1,074 218 77 72 8 270 1,469

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 3,451 1,870 143 180 227 21 389 621Neuroscience 1,324 793 119 35 69 6 85 217Physical sciences 26,147 12,052 1,069 494 858 65 1,393 10,216

Astronomy 908 489 35 4 27 4 58 291Chemistry 13,175 6,024 615 332 454 33 635 5,082





unknowncTemporary

resident


Physics 11,608 5,288 404 145 363 22 683 4,703Other 456 251 15 13 14 6 17 140

Psychology 13,181 8,327 591 964 1,139 87 1,266 807Clinical 2,700 1,657 139 167 334 20 303 80General 4,030 2,608 197 256 289 23 343 314Nonclinical 6,451 4,062 255 541 516 44 620 413

Social sciences 50,561 26,733 2,099 3,672 3,237 313 4,601 9,906Agricultural economics 1,253 544 35 37 31 1 45 560Anthropology (cultural and social) 3,038 1,914 102 59 187 49 323 404Economics 9,103 3,380 436 281 342 19 523 4,122Geography 2,887 1,979 62 68 103 12 219 444History and philosophy of science 389 285 7 20 14 1 26 36Linguistics 1,244 639 64 22 58 10 125 326Political science and public administration 21,075 11,589 921 1,925 1,464 104 2,295 2,777Sociology 3,557 1,922 142 348 360 29 265 491Sociology/anthropology 111 62 2 11 12 1 21 2Other 7,904 4,419 328 901 666 87 759 744

Engineering 114,788 41,866 7,659 2,880 4,179 244 7,003 50,957Aerospace 4,756 2,327 361 75 204 7 368 1,414Agricultural 948 383 22 17 20 1 32 473Architecture 3,751 2,287 160 156 238 21 290 599Biomedical 5,364 2,299 760 111 205 12 314 1,663Chemical 5,946 2,119 381 99 175 16 252 2,904Civil 13,988 6,010 868 388 721 33 908 5,060Electrical 34,143 8,184 2,431 763 1,006 44 1,674 20,041Engineering sciences/physics 1,633 652 115 35 53 3 118 657Industrial/manufacturing 11,521 3,978 672 477 487 35 1,350 4,522Mechanical 19,323 7,975 1,096 347 695 39 1,001 8,170Metallurgical/materials 4,520 1,682 275 73 115 7 165 2,203Mining 342 130 4 8 3 2 11 184Nuclear 1,231 786 53 14 40 4 85 249Petroleum 1,060 153 38 23 16 0 13 817Other 6,262 2,901 423 294 201 20 422 2,001

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.


a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Includes Hispanic or Latino of one or more races. c Includes persons of more than one race who are not Hispanic or Latino.


Field Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

S&E 31,094 19,160 11,934 4,750 3,024 1,726 15.3 15.8 14.5Science 26,914 17,860 9,054 4,166 2,804 1,362 15.5 15.7 15.0

Agricultural sciences 482 277 205 216 131 85 44.8 47.3 41.5Biological sciences 3,653 2,474 1,179 651 480 171 17.8 19.4 14.5

Anatomy 33 16 17 6 4 2 18.2 25.0 11.8Biochemistry 187 120 67 28 22 6 15.0 18.3 9.0Biology 828 572 256 262 197 65 31.6 34.4 25.4Biometry and epidemiology 545 360 185 1 0 1 0.2 0.0 0.5Biophysics 28 13 15 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Botany 19 13 6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Cell biology 257 159 98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Ecology 19 14 5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Entomology and parasitology 21 7 14 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Genetics 75 47 28 19 12 7 25.3 25.5 25.0Microbiology, immunology, and virology 244 158 86 41 31 10 16.8 19.6 11.6Nutrition 248 215 33 51 45 6 20.6 20.9 18.2Pathology 94 68 26 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Pharmacology 228 153 75 80 54 26 35.1 35.3 34.7Physiology 122 88 34 8 6 2 6.6 6.8 5.9Zoology 12 7 5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Biosciences, other 693 464 229 155 109 46 22.4 23.5 20.1

Communication 785 541 244 147 98 49 18.7 18.1 20.1Computer sciences 2,228 822 1,406 190 92 98 8.5 11.2 7.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 328 158 170 59 31 28 18.0 19.6 16.5

Atmospheric 51 15 36 22 7 15 43.1 46.7 41.7Earth 132 57 75 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Ocean 29 18 11 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 116 68 48 37 24 13 31.9 35.3 27.1

Family and consumer science/human science 595 511 84 110 93 17 18.5 18.2 20.2Mathematics and statistics 740 319 421 110 52 58 14.9 16.3 13.8

Mathematics/applied mathematics 599 255 344 110 52 58 18.4 20.4 16.9Statistics 141 64 77 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 561 381 180 28 14 14 5.0 3.7 7.8Neuroscience 86 51 35 12 9 3 14.0 17.6 8.6Physical sciences 1,008 514 494 229 129 100 22.7 25.1 20.2

Astronomy 7 3 4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Chemistry 786 454 332 168 107 61 21.4 23.6 18.4Physics 195 50 145 61 22 39 31.3 44.0 26.9Other 20 7 13 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Psychology 5,442 4,478 964 496 388 108 9.1 8.7 11.2Clinical 924 757 167 42 31 11 4.5 4.1 6.6General 1,282 1,026 256 286 229 57 22.3 22.3 22.3Nonclinical 3,236 2,695 541 168 128 40 5.2 4.8 7.4

Social sciences 11,006 7,334 3,672 1,918 1,287 631 17.4 17.5 17.2Agricultural economics 56 19 37 17 5 12 30.4 26.3 32.4Anthropology (cultural and social) 248 189 59 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Economics 436 155 281 41 16 25 9.4 10.3 8.9Geography 139 71 68 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0History and philosophy of science 43 23 20 18 6 12 41.9 26.1 60.0Linguistics 61 39 22 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Political science and public administration 5,759 3,834 1,925 906 600 306 15.7 15.6 15.9Sociology 1,189 841 348 216 161 55 18.2 19.1 15.8Sociology/anthropology 56 45 11 35 28 7 62.5 62.2 63.6Other 3,019 2,118 901 685 471 214 22.7 22.2 23.8

Engineering 4,180 1,300 2,880 584 220 364 14.0 16.9 12.6Aerospace 92 17 75 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Agricultural 33 16 17 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Architecture 277 121 156 112 55 57 40.4 45.4 36.5Biomedical 240 129 111 8 6 2 3.3 4.6 1.8Chemical 164 65 99 9 5 4 5.5 7.7 4.0

All institutions (n ) HBCUs (n ) HBCUs (%)TABLE 3-2. Black U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HBCUs, by field and sex: 2010


Field Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female MaleAll institutions (n ) HBCUs (n ) HBCUs (%)

TABLE 3-2. Black U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HBCUs, by field and sex: 2010

Civil 594 206 388 72 31 41 12.1 15.0 10.6Electrical 937 174 763 84 19 65 9.0 10.9 8.5Engineering sciences/physics 44 9 35 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Industrial/manufacturing 708 231 477 55 20 35 7.8 8.7 7.3Mechanical 456 109 347 67 23 44 14.7 21.1 12.7Metallurgical/materials 130 57 73 11 6 5 8.5 10.5 6.8Mining 12 4 8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Nuclear 23 9 14 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum 29 6 23 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 441 147 294 166 55 111 37.6 37.4 37.8

HBCUs = historically black colleges and universities; S&E = science and engineering. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.



S&E 28,609 14,813 13,796 7,862 4,383 3,479 27.5 29.6 25.2Science 22,969 13,352 9,617 6,588 4,060 2,528 28.7 30.4 26.3

Agricultural sciences 770 412 358 254 131 123 33.0 31.8 34.4Biological sciences 3,970 2,447 1,523 898 610 288 22.6 24.9 18.9

Anatomy 55 27 28 17 8 9 30.9 29.6 32.1Biochemistry 259 153 106 47 34 13 18.1 22.2 12.3Biology 1,011 618 393 413 260 153 40.8 42.1 38.9Biometry and epidemiology 287 190 97 54 42 12 18.8 22.1 12.4Biophysics 43 9 34 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Botany 60 38 22 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Cell biology 385 224 161 24 16 8 6.2 7.1 5.0Ecology 71 44 27 1 0 1 1.4 0.0 3.7Entomology and parasitology 43 26 17 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Genetics 95 49 46 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Microbiology, immunology, and virology 284 183 101 31 25 6 10.9 13.7 5.9Nutrition 289 247 42 101 87 14 34.9 35.2 33.3Pathology 77 46 31 2 1 1 2.6 2.2 3.2Pharmacology 152 87 65 17 12 5 11.2 13.8 7.7Physiology 127 67 60 21 16 5 16.5 23.9 8.3Zoology 26 11 15 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 706 428 278 170 109 61 24.1 25.5 21.9

Communication 563 367 196 101 64 37 17.9 17.4 18.9Computer sciences 1,455 334 1,121 381 82 299 26.2 24.6 26.7Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 669 336 333 194 100 94 29.0 29.8 28.2

Atmospheric 59 24 35 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Earth 324 156 168 95 45 50 29.3 28.8 29.8Ocean 140 73 67 63 33 30 45.0 45.2 44.8Other 146 83 63 36 22 14 24.7 26.5 22.2

Family and consumer science/human science 205 166 39 38 37 1 18.5 22.3 2.6Mathematics and statistics 794 277 517 232 97 135 29.2 35.0 26.1

Mathematics/applied mathematics 680 235 445 217 93 124 31.9 39.6 27.9Statistics 114 42 72 15 4 11 13.2 9.5 15.3

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 617 390 227 211 145 66 34.2 37.2 29.1Neuroscience 166 97 69 6 4 2 3.6 4.1 2.9Physical sciences 1,364 506 858 353 156 197 25.9 30.8 23.0

Astronomy 38 11 27 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Chemistry 873 419 454 266 139 127 30.5 33.2 28.0Physics 432 69 363 87 17 70 20.1 24.6 19.3Other 21 7 14 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Psychology 4,859 3,720 1,139 1,869 1,462 407 38.5 39.3 35.7Clinical 1,579 1,245 334 803 635 168 50.9 51.0 50.3General 1,019 730 289 279 211 68 27.4 28.9 23.5Nonclinical 2,261 1,745 516 787 616 171 34.8 35.3 33.1

Social sciences 7,537 4,300 3,237 2,051 1,172 879 27.2 27.2 27.2Agricultural economics 56 25 31 11 5 6 19.6 20.0 19.4Anthropology (cultural and social) 544 357 187 93 55 38 17.1 15.4 20.3Economics 492 150 342 152 52 100 30.9 34.7 29.2Geography 177 74 103 28 10 18 15.8 13.5 17.5History and philosophy of science 26 12 14 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Linguistics 149 91 58 35 23 12 23.5 25.3 20.7Political science and public administration 3,344 1,880 1,464 1,053 597 456 31.5 31.8 31.1Sociology 929 569 360 282 167 115 30.4 29.3 31.9Sociology/anthropology 28 16 12 17 7 10 60.7 43.8 83.3Other 1,792 1,126 666 380 256 124 21.2 22.7 18.6

Engineering 5,640 1,461 4,179 1,274 323 951 22.6 22.1 22.8Aerospace 240 36 204 11 1 10 4.6 2.8 4.9Agricultural 30 10 20 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Architecture 420 182 238 86 29 57 20.5 15.9 23.9Biomedical 325 120 205 27 7 20 8.3 5.8 9.8Chemical 279 104 175 53 22 31 19.0 21.2 17.7

All institutions (n ) HHEs (n ) HHEs (%)TABLE 3-3. Hispanic U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HHEs, by field and sex: 2010


Field Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female MaleAll institutions (n ) HHEs (n ) HHEs (%)

TABLE 3-3. Hispanic U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E graduate students in all institutions and in HHEs, by field and sex: 2010

Civil 1,091 370 721 373 123 250 34.2 33.2 34.7Electrical 1,157 151 1,006 301 43 258 26.0 28.5 25.6Engineering sciences/physics 65 12 53 2 0 2 3.1 0.0 3.8Industrial/manufacturing 677 190 487 145 46 99 21.4 24.2 20.3Mechanical 827 132 695 220 31 189 26.6 23.5 27.2Metallurgical and materials 170 55 115 19 9 10 11.2 16.4 8.7Mining 5 2 3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Nuclear 53 13 40 6 2 4 11.3 15.4 10.0Petroleum 23 7 16 5 1 4 21.7 14.3 25.0Other 278 77 201 26 9 17 9.4 11.7 8.5

HHEs = high-Hispanic-enrollment institutions; S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: HHEs are defined by U.S. Department of Education as nonprofit public and private institutions of higher education whose full-time equivalent enrollment of undergraduate students is at least 25% Hispanic, according to data that institutions reported in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Fall 2006 Enrollment Survey, conducted by National Center for Education Statistics. Hispanic includes one or more races. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.


Field Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part time

S&E 556,532 409,107 147,425 240,481 175,481 65,000 316,051 233,626 82,425Science 407,291 299,315 107,976 206,028 148,831 57,197 201,263 150,484 50,779

Agricultural sciences 15,656 11,087 4,569 7,819 5,646 2,173 7,837 5,441 2,396Biological sciences 74,928 62,770 12,158 42,571 35,133 7,438 32,357 27,637 4,720

Anatomy 849 800 49 432 408 24 417 392 25Biochemistry 5,308 4,909 399 2,655 2,437 218 2,653 2,472 181Biology 17,210 13,084 4,126 9,582 7,134 2,448 7,628 5,950 1,678Biometry and epidemiology 6,398 4,868 1,530 3,747 2,861 886 2,651 2,007 644Biophysics 1,072 1,033 39 376 366 10 696 667 29Botany 1,863 1,679 184 979 882 97 884 797 87Cell biology 7,047 6,621 426 3,823 3,583 240 3,224 3,038 186Ecology 1,828 1,471 357 1,009 817 192 819 654 165Entomology and parasitology 1,116 933 183 550 467 83 566 466 100Genetics 2,333 2,254 79 1,373 1,326 47 960 928 32Microbiology, immunology, and virology 4,896 4,569 327 2,849 2,664 185 2,047 1,905 142Nutrition 5,548 3,776 1,772 4,479 3,009 1,470 1,069 767 302Pathology 1,376 1,272 104 835 764 71 541 508 33Pharmacology 3,101 2,756 345 1,755 1,555 200 1,346 1,201 145Physiology 2,879 2,678 201 1,466 1,372 94 1,413 1,306 107Zoology 896 589 307 508 315 193 388 274 114Other 11,208 9,478 1,730 6,153 5,173 980 5,055 4,305 750

Communication 9,825 6,274 3,551 6,353 4,037 2,316 3,472 2,237 1,235Computer sciences 51,546 32,782 18,764 12,807 7,828 4,979 38,739 24,954 13,785Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15,655 12,318 3,337 7,200 5,719 1,481 8,455 6,599 1,856

Atmospheric 1,455 1,193 262 484 404 80 971 789 182Earth 8,251 6,352 1,899 3,493 2,704 789 4,758 3,648 1,110Ocean 2,556 2,130 426 1,423 1,191 232 1,133 939 194Other 3,393 2,643 750 1,800 1,420 380 1,593 1,223 370

Family and consumer science/human science 4,191 2,377 1,814 3,461 1,952 1,509 730 425 305Mathematics and statistics 23,136 17,606 5,530 8,127 5,806 2,321 15,009 11,800 3,209

Mathematics/applied mathematics 17,589 13,427 4,162 5,768 4,031 1,737 11,821 9,396 2,425Statistics 5,547 4,179 1,368 2,359 1,775 584 3,188 2,404 784

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 7,944 5,063 2,881 4,493 2,805 1,688 3,451 2,258 1,193Neuroscience 2,798 2,682 116 1,474 1,403 71 1,324 1,279 45Physical sciences 38,973 34,856 4,117 12,826 11,349 1,477 26,147 23,507 2,640

Astronomy 1,331 1,292 39 423 406 17 908 886 22Chemistry 22,436 20,011 2,425 9,261 8,163 1,098 13,175 11,848 1,327Physics 14,507 13,085 1,422 2,899 2,615 284 11,608 10,470 1,138Other 699 468 231 243 165 78 456 303 153

Psychology 53,419 38,571 14,848 40,238 28,758 11,480 13,181 9,813 3,368Clinical 12,155 9,378 2,777 9,455 7,299 2,156 2,700 2,079 621General 14,022 10,716 3,306 9,992 7,520 2,472 4,030 3,196 834Nonclinical 27,242 18,477 8,765 20,791 13,939 6,852 6,451 4,538 1,913

Social sciences 109,220 72,929 36,291 58,659 38,395 20,264 50,561 34,534 16,027Agricultural economics 2,180 1,825 355 927 788 139 1,253 1,037 216Anthropology (cultural and social) 8,528 6,596 1,932 5,490 4,264 1,226 3,038 2,332 706Economics 14,317 11,879 2,438 5,214 4,351 863 9,103 7,528 1,575Geography 5,059 3,373 1,686 2,172 1,479 693 2,887 1,894 993History and philosophy of science 705 476 229 316 217 99 389 259 130Linguistics 3,132 2,419 713 1,888 1,404 484 1,244 1,015 229Political science and public administration 45,045 26,850 18,195 23,970 13,824 10,146 21,075 13,026 8,049Sociology 9,883 7,222 2,661 6,326 4,551 1,775 3,557 2,671 886Sociology/anthropology 329 171 158 218 111 107 111 60 51Other 20,042 12,118 7,924 12,138 7,406 4,732 7,904 4,712 3,192

Engineering 149,241 109,792 39,449 34,453 26,650 7,803 114,788 83,142 31,646Aerospace 5,540 4,211 1,329 784 587 197 4,756 3,624 1,132Agricultural 1,457 1,198 259 509 438 71 948 760 188Architecture 6,795 6,079 716 3,044 2,705 339 3,751 3,374 377Biomedical 8,497 7,418 1,079 3,133 2,743 390 5,364 4,675 689Chemical 8,668 7,516 1,152 2,722 2,392 330 5,946 5,124 822

Both sexes Female MaleTABLE 3-4. Enrollment status of S&E graduate students, by field and sex: 2010


Field Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part time Total Full time Part timeBoth sexes Female Male

TABLE 3-4. Enrollment status of S&E graduate students, by field and sex: 2010

Civil 19,559 14,191 5,368 5,571 4,206 1,365 13,988 9,985 4,003Electrical 41,336 29,977 11,359 7,193 5,501 1,692 34,143 24,476 9,667Engineering sciences/physics 2,071 1,502 569 438 335 103 1,633 1,167 466Industrial/manufacturing 15,205 8,371 6,834 3,684 2,172 1,512 11,521 6,199 5,322Mechanical 22,509 16,625 5,884 3,186 2,428 758 19,323 14,197 5,126Metallurgical/materials 6,274 5,551 723 1,754 1,567 187 4,520 3,984 536Mining 419 361 58 77 65 12 342 296 46Nuclear 1,459 1,123 336 228 178 50 1,231 945 286Petroleum 1,295 1,063 232 235 198 37 1,060 865 195Other 8,157 4,606 3,551 1,895 1,135 760 6,262 3,471 2,791


SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.


Field and enrollment status S&E students WhiteAsian or Pacific

Islandera Black HispanicbAmerican Indianor Alaska Native

Other or unknownc

Temporary resident

S&E 556,532 255,256 33,273 31,094 28,609 2,500 39,671 166,129Full time 409,107 176,626 23,132 18,194 18,870 1,690 25,359 145,236Part time 147,425 78,630 10,141 12,900 9,739 810 14,312 20,893

Science 407,291 202,386 22,829 26,914 22,969 2,171 30,839 99,183Full time 299,315 142,596 16,275 15,725 15,344 1,483 20,175 87,717Part time 107,976 59,790 6,554 11,189 7,625 688 10,664 11,466Agricultural sciences 15,656 9,867 377 482 770 146 774 3,240

Full time 11,087 6,510 268 332 522 90 538 2,827Part time 4,569 3,357 109 150 248 56 236 413

Biological sciences 74,928 38,386 6,347 3,653 3,970 361 4,780 17,431Full time 62,770 31,225 5,330 2,858 3,292 312 3,570 16,183Part time 12,158 7,161 1,017 795 678 49 1,210 1,248Anatomy 849 494 78 33 55 1 37 151

Full time 800 466 74 27 50 1 35 147Part time 49 28 4 6 5 0 2 4

Biochemistry 5,308 2,333 474 187 259 30 306 1,719Full time 4,909 2,143 432 159 244 29 252 1,650Part time 399 190 42 28 15 1 54 69

Biology 17,210 9,246 1,108 828 1,011 76 1,390 3,551Full time 13,084 6,757 836 563 768 59 915 3,186Part time 4,126 2,489 272 265 243 17 475 365

Biometry and epidemiology 6,398 2,722 744 545 287 25 441 1,634Full time 4,868 1,973 529 399 207 18 309 1,433Part time 1,530 749 215 146 80 7 132 201

Biophysics 1,072 502 104 28 43 5 52 338Full time 1,033 477 98 28 42 5 51 332Part time 39 25 6 0 1 0 1 6

Botany 1,863 877 106 19 60 15 87 699Full time 1,679 775 88 17 54 15 81 649Part time 184 102 18 2 6 0 6 50

Cell biology 7,047 3,220 710 257 385 41 429 2,005Full time 6,621 3,010 657 240 351 38 391 1,934Part time 426 210 53 17 34 3 38 71

Ecology 1,828 1,313 56 19 71 9 150 210Full time 1,471 1,053 44 11 62 8 111 182Part time 357 260 12 8 9 1 39 28

Entomology and parasitology 1,116 703 30 21 43 6 48 265Full time 933 559 27 14 33 5 41 254Part time 183 144 3 7 10 1 7 11

Genetics 2,333 1,300 155 75 95 12 95 601Full time 2,254 1,251 148 72 92 12 89 590Part time 79 49 7 3 3 0 6 11

Microbiology, immunology, and virology 4,896 2,691 419 244 284 30 245 983Full time 4,569 2,490 387 225 272 28 218 949Part time 327 201 32 19 12 2 27 34

Nutrition 5,548 3,268 418 248 289 20 317 988Full time 3,776 2,081 319 153 185 14 184 840Part time 1,772 1,187 99 95 104 6 133 148

Pathology 1,376 734 119 94 77 5 61 286Full time 1,272 679 109 73 67 5 58 281Part time 104 55 10 21 10 3 5

Pharmacology 3,101 1,404 302 228 152 11 170 834Full time 2,756 1,251 275 197 129 11 104 789Part time 345 153 27 31 23 66 45

Physiology 2,879 1,548 309 122 127 15 136 622Full time 2,678 1,428 281 115 119 15 116 604Part time 201 120 28 7 8 20 18

Zoology 896 635 36 12 26 7 57 123Full time 589 399 28 8 18 6 27 103

U.S. citizen and permanent residentTABLE 3-5. Enrollment status of S&E graduate students, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2010




Other or unknownc

Temporary resident


Part time 307 236 8 4 8 1 30 20Other 11,208 5,396 1,179 693 706 53 759 2,422

Full time 9,478 4,433 998 557 599 43 588 2,260Part time 1,730 963 181 136 107 10 171 162

Communication 9,825 5,848 327 785 563 63 715 1,524Full time 6,274 3,601 217 401 326 42 414 1,273Part time 3,551 2,247 110 384 237 21 301 251

Computer sciences 51,546 15,604 3,602 2,228 1,455 125 3,156 25,376Full time 32,782 7,353 1,675 963 564 61 1,456 20,710Part time 18,764 8,251 1,927 1,265 891 64 1,700 4,666

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15,655 10,141 421 328 669 102 1,068 2,926Full time 12,318 7,735 326 228 522 72 787 2,648Part time 3,337 2,406 95 100 147 30 281 278Atmospheric 1,455 902 53 51 59 5 63 322

Full time 1,193 725 38 39 48 4 49 290Part time 262 177 15 12 11 1 14 32

Earth 8,251 5,328 178 132 324 69 576 1,644Full time 6,352 3,942 133 80 236 48 437 1,476Part time 1,899 1,386 45 52 88 21 139 168

Ocean 2,556 1,733 47 29 140 10 163 434Full time 2,130 1,399 41 25 121 7 128 409Part time 426 334 6 4 19 3 35 25

Other 3,393 2,178 143 116 146 18 266 526Full time 2,643 1,669 114 84 117 13 173 473Part time 750 509 29 32 29 5 93 53

Family and consumer science/human science 4,191 2,548 149 595 205 26 281 387Full time 2,377 1,443 96 218 114 14 169 323Part time 1,814 1,105 53 377 91 12 112 64

Mathematics and statistics 23,136 9,722 1,535 740 794 51 1,679 8,615Full time 17,606 6,882 959 425 532 38 930 7,840Part time 5,530 2,840 576 315 262 13 749 775Mathematics 17,589 8,117 1,087 599 680 41 1,264 5,801

Full time 13,427 5,742 705 347 465 33 807 5,328Part time 4,162 2,375 382 252 215 8 457 473

Statistics 5,547 1,605 448 141 114 10 415 2,814Full time 4,179 1,140 254 78 67 5 123 2,512Part time 1,368 465 194 63 47 5 292 302

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 7,944 4,199 351 561 617 50 929 1,237Full time 5,063 2,546 227 320 349 34 519 1,068Part time 2,881 1,653 124 241 268 16 410 169

Neuroscience 2,798 1,650 249 86 166 10 171 466Full time 2,682 1,579 228 82 162 10 161 460Part time 116 71 21 4 4 0 10 6

Physical sciences 38,973 17,319 1,823 1,008 1,364 102 2,036 15,321Full time 34,856 15,224 1,546 820 1,164 83 1,674 14,345Part time 4,117 2,095 277 188 200 19 362 976Astronomy 1,331 731 60 7 38 7 89 399


Chemistry 22,436 9,771 1,201 786 873 57 1,078 8,670Full time 20,011 8,647 1,001 639 741 48 876 8,059Part time 2,425 1,124 200 147 132 9 202 611

Physics 14,507 6,429 534 195 432 28 842 6,047Full time 13,085 5,645 464 165 372 23 700 5,716Part time 1,422 784 70 30 60 5 142 331

Other 699 388 28 20 21 10 27 205Full time 468 227 21 9 14 5 14 178Part time 231 161 7 11 7 5 13 27




Other or unknownc

Temporary resident


Psychology 53,419 32,043 2,551 5,442 4,859 353 5,084 3,087Full time 38,571 23,402 1,913 3,414 3,392 250 3,687 2,513Part time 14,848 8,641 638 2,028 1,467 103 1,397 574Clinical 12,155 7,104 687 924 1,579 84 1,379 398

Full time 9,378 5,578 549 651 1,193 72 1,001 334Part time 2,777 1,526 138 273 386 12 378 64

General 14,022 8,674 741 1,282 1,019 90 1,189 1,027Full time 10,716 6,787 585 792 701 58 904 889Part time 3,306 1,887 156 490 318 32 285 138

Nonclinical 27,242 16,265 1,123 3,236 2,261 179 2,516 1,662Full time 18,477 11,037 779 1,971 1,498 120 1,782 1,290Part time 8,765 5,228 344 1,265 763 59 734 372

Social sciences 109,220 55,059 5,097 11,006 7,537 782 10,166 19,573Full time 72,929 35,096 3,490 5,664 4,405 477 6,270 17,527Part time 36,291 19,963 1,607 5,342 3,132 305 3,896 2,046Agricultural economics 2,180 900 71 56 56 2 78 1,017


Anthropology (cultural and social) 8,528 5,379 315 248 544 127 925 990Full time 6,596 4,093 237 184 410 90 698 884Part time 1,932 1,286 78 64 134 37 227 106

Economics 14,317 4,707 727 436 492 27 755 7,173Full time 11,879 3,535 557 235 322 17 550 6,663Part time 2,438 1,172 170 201 170 10 205 510

Geography 5,059 3,375 155 139 177 25 388 800Full time 3,373 2,136 113 80 112 17 207 708Part time 1,686 1,239 42 59 65 8 181 92

History and philosophy of science 705 498 18 43 26 2 43 75Full time 476 326 12 14 19 1 36 68Part time 229 172 6 29 7 1 7 7

Linguistics 3,132 1,458 194 61 149 29 291 950Full time 2,419 1,082 123 43 99 23 219 830Part time 713 376 71 18 50 6 72 120

Political science/public administration 45,045 22,933 2,251 5,759 3,344 257 4,976 5,525Full time 26,850 13,163 1,423 2,845 1,722 133 2,740 4,824Part time 18,195 9,770 828 2,914 1,622 124 2,236 701

Sociology 9,883 5,277 452 1,189 929 62 758 1,216Full time 7,222 3,898 336 677 628 39 564 1,080Part time 2,661 1,379 116 512 301 23 194 136

Sociology/anthropology 329 187 5 56 28 2 38 13Full time 171 92 4 29 17 1 19 9Part time 158 95 1 27 11 1 19 4

Other 20,042 10,345 909 3,019 1,792 249 1,914 1,814Full time 12,118 6,081 623 1,520 1,029 155 1,173 1,537Part time 7,924 4,264 286 1,499 763 94 741 277

Engineering 149,241 52,870 10,444 4,180 5,640 329 8,832 66,946Full time 109,792 34,030 6,857 2,469 3,526 207 5,184 57,519Part time 39,449 18,840 3,587 1,711 2,114 122 3,648 9,427Aerospace 5,540 2,702 419 92 240 11 429 1,647


Agricultural 1,457 528 38 33 30 4 48 776Full time 1,198 373 26 29 22 3 38 707Part time 259 155 12 4 8 1 10 69

Architecture 6,795 3,928 369 277 420 36 518 1,247Full time 6,079 3,509 328 211 376 35 457 1,163Part time 716 419 41 66 44 1 61 84

Biomedical 8,497 3,526 1,202 240 325 19 491 2,694Full time 7,418 3,046 1,065 197 270 13 413 2,414




Other or unknownc

Temporary resident


Part time 1,079 480 137 43 55 6 78 280Chemical 8,668 2,872 604 164 279 18 335 4,396


Civil 19,559 8,245 1,286 594 1,091 55 1,211 7,077Full time 14,191 5,317 805 341 689 32 805 6,202Part time 5,368 2,928 481 253 402 23 406 875

Electrical 41,336 9,035 2,985 937 1,157 48 1,947 25,227Full time 29,977 5,016 1,692 532 638 32 994 21,073Part time 11,359 4,019 1,293 405 519 16 953 4,154

Engineering sciences/physics 2,071 784 146 44 65 3 143 886Full time 1,502 502 108 26 44 1 92 729Part time 569 282 38 18 21 2 51 157

Industrial/manufacturing 15,205 5,011 928 708 677 43 1,661 6,177Full time 8,371 1,819 385 270 266 13 561 5,057Part time 6,834 3,192 543 438 411 30 1,100 1,120

Mechanical 22,509 9,135 1,352 456 827 46 1,170 9,523Full time 16,625 5,850 905 310 502 32 674 8,352Part time 5,884 3,285 447 146 325 14 496 1,171

Metallurgical/materials 6,274 2,252 418 130 170 12 215 3,077Full time 5,551 1,873 355 102 140 9 181 2,891Part time 723 379 63 28 30 3 34 186

Mining 419 160 4 12 5 2 14 222Full time 361 114 4 11 4 1 12 215Part time 58 46 0 1 1 1 2 7

Nuclear 1,459 912 70 23 53 4 101 296Full time 1,123 638 61 13 43 3 88 277Part time 336 274 9 10 10 1 13 19

Petroleum 1,295 184 42 29 23 0 15 1,002Full time 1,063 113 29 19 12 0 11 879Part time 232 71 13 10 11 0 4 123

Other 8,157 3,596 581 441 278 28 534 2,699Full time 4,606 1,637 286 227 134 11 253 2,058Part time 3,551 1,959 295 214 144 17 281 641

S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Includes Hispanic or Latino of one or more races. c Includes persons of more than one race who are not Hispanic or Latino. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.


All Institutional United Self-Sex and field sources Total DOD DOE Total NIH Other NASA NSF USDA Other support Total States Foreign support

Both sexes, S&E 409,107 80,414 8,959 5,488 25,688 24,443 1,245 2,379 23,033 2,961 11,906 165,004 24,193 20,300 3,893 139,496Science 299,315 55,198 3,517 2,786 22,356 21,340 1,016 1,376 14,653 2,621 7,889 129,741 14,052 11,764 2,288 100,324

Agricultural sciences 11,087 2,417 26 70 78 69 9 41 339 1,248 615 4,617 1,410 1,277 133 2,643Biological sciences 62,770 21,379 475 209 15,961 15,502 459 66 2,408 834 1,426 25,384 3,803 3,292 511 12,204

Anatomy 800 253 2 0 233 228 5 0 6 0 12 269 42 40 2 236Biochemistry 4,909 2,290 56 32 1,900 1,837 63 2 174 31 95 1,924 332 294 38 363Biology 13,084 2,808 90 29 1,443 1,408 35 20 833 71 322 7,284 513 442 71 2,479Biometry and epidemiology 4,868 1,589 11 8 1,377 1,289 88 2 73 11 107 1,291 283 201 82 1,705Biophysics 1,033 536 5 10 440 439 1 1 58 2 20 341 70 58 12 86Botany 1,679 460 8 37 34 34 0 5 152 181 43 863 163 145 18 193Cell biology 6,621 3,085 65 20 2,671 2,588 83 7 206 24 92 2,401 508 445 63 627Ecology 1,471 352 5 4 10 10 0 9 181 46 97 774 100 94 6 245Entomology and parasitology 933 255 4 1 35 27 8 0 41 130 44 440 138 127 11 100Genetics 2,254 1,118 16 6 897 890 7 0 94 32 73 698 162 149 13 276Microbiology, immunology, and virology 4,569 2,336 43 41 2,033 1,999 34 6 118 37 58 1,558 300 255 45 375Nutrition 3,776 563 27 0 278 236 42 0 5 212 41 1,134 252 227 25 1,827Pathology 1,272 607 21 0 541 528 13 0 6 9 30 350 106 84 22 209Pharmacology 2,756 1,272 46 3 1,075 1,055 20 0 40 5 103 1,081 169 144 25 234Physiology 2,678 933 32 6 820 777 43 3 34 1 37 962 187 172 15 596Zoology 589 140 9 0 21 16 5 1 64 3 42 339 23 23 0 87Other 9,478 2,782 35 12 2,153 2,141 12 10 323 39 210 3,675 455 392 63 2,566

Communication 6,274 155 21 1 32 22 10 2 48 4 47 3,076 296 274 22 2,747Computer sciences 32,782 5,793 1,300 188 386 331 55 67 3,166 19 667 9,400 1,438 1,171 267 16,151Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12,318 3,308 118 178 34 24 10 458 1,574 46 900 5,399 960 779 181 2,651

Atmospheric 1,193 516 26 37 1 0 1 146 180 11 115 388 125 119 6 164Earth 6,352 1,528 32 105 9 7 2 231 873 11 267 3,175 474 382 92 1,175Ocean 2,130 689 47 18 6 5 1 34 342 11 231 897 162 123 39 382Other 2,643 575 13 18 18 12 6 47 179 13 287 939 199 155 44 930

Family and consumer science/human science 2,377 128 3 59 42 17 0 11 19 36 1,169 94 83 11 986Mathematics and statistics 17,606 1,882 164 61 219 200 19 18 1,101 36 283 11,020 506 352 154 4,198

Mathematics/applied mathematics 13,427 1,442 145 52 69 59 10 13 944 3 216 8,932 351 224 127 2,702Statistics 4,179 440 19 9 150 141 9 5 157 33 67 2,088 155 128 27 1,496

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 5,063 631 68 21 120 91 29 12 195 21 194 2,012 227 188 39 2,193Neuroscience 2,682 1,340 44 1 1,179 1,155 24 0 93 1 22 1,039 153 144 9 150Physical sciences 34,856 11,235 943 2,012 2,272 2,158 114 632 4,321 31 1,024 18,816 1,971 1,705 266 2,834

Astronomy 1,292 591 27 52 2 2 0 206 257 0 47 570 78 71 7 53Chemistry 20,011 5,748 398 700 1,995 1,895 100 91 2,056 24 484 11,346 1,199 1,080 119 1,718Physics 13,085 4,795 507 1,255 233 219 14 318 1,989 7 486 6,686 685 547 138 919Other 468 101 11 5 42 42 0 17 19 0 7 214 9 7 2 144

Psychology 38,571 3,303 168 1 1,604 1,437 167 5 490 5 1,030 14,057 1,164 1,050 114 20,047Clinical 9,378 670 34 0 464 432 32 0 45 0 127 2,839 326 292 34 5,543General 10,716 1,193 63 0 643 556 87 2 254 4 227 5,130 340 305 35 4,053Nonclinical 18,477 1,440 71 1 497 449 48 3 191 1 676 6,088 498 453 45 10,451

Social sciences 72,929 3,627 187 44 412 309 103 75 907 357 1,645 33,752 2,030 1,449 581 33,520

Federal support Other nonfederal supportHHS

TABLE 3-6. Primary source of support for full-time S&E graduate students, by sex and field: 2010

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Agricultural economics 1,825 371 6 16 6 5 1 1 24 220 98 810 163 128 35 481Anthropology (cultural and social) 6,596 435 5 2 35 32 3 0 192 5 196 3,758 217 192 25 2,186Economics 11,879 437 25 4 52 40 12 1 143 56 156 6,708 386 217 169 4,348Geography 3,373 422 15 12 23 21 2 71 147 14 140 1,809 111 89 22 1,031History and philosophy of science 476 17 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 6 341 15 12 3 103Linguistics 2,419 167 2 2 21 21 0 0 89 0 53 1,434 49 32 17 769Political science and public administration 26,850 770 110 3 35 16 19 2 117 8 495 9,536 617 386 231 15,927Sociology 7,222 525 8 1 184 134 50 0 145 50 137 4,465 208 179 29 2,024Sociology/anthropology 171 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 130 2 2 0 33Other 12,118 477 15 4 55 39 16 0 39 4 360 4,761 262 212 50 6,618

Engineering 109,792 25,216 5,442 2,702 3,332 3,103 229 1,003 8,380 340 4,017 35,263 10,141 8,536 1,605 39,172Aerospace 4,211 1,371 645 63 10 10 0 345 183 0 125 1,222 343 254 89 1,275Agricultural 1,198 369 16 27 36 13 23 8 56 140 86 454 118 93 25 257Architecture 6,079 150 7 18 4 4 0 0 18 1 102 2,107 222 181 41 3,600Biomedical 7,418 2,713 152 49 1,803 1,767 36 26 508 16 159 2,368 693 615 78 1,644Chemical 7,516 2,439 215 440 366 343 23 35 1,089 48 246 2,757 1,049 916 133 1,271Civil 14,191 2,230 181 146 50 37 13 107 761 55 930 5,556 1,090 899 191 5,315Electrical 29,977 6,576 2,091 326 431 396 35 178 2,812 17 721 8,243 2,499 2,226 273 12,659Engineering science/physics 1,502 461 81 98 44 44 0 20 164 2 52 560 156 134 22 325Industrial/manufacturing 8,371 1,169 378 81 123 97 26 28 321 6 232 2,289 668 508 160 4,245Mechanical 16,625 4,119 981 585 262 232 30 212 1,369 22 688 5,840 1,735 1,411 324 4,931Metallurgical/materials 5,551 2,111 430 433 105 88 17 20 809 12 302 1,695 679 584 95 1,066Mining 361 63 2 17 23 14 9 1 5 0 15 167 26 26 0 105Nuclear 1,123 503 83 242 7 7 0 6 24 0 141 320 151 144 7 149Petroleum 1,063 69 62 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 308 420 294 126 266Other 4,606 873 180 115 68 51 17 17 259 20 214 1,377 292 251 41 2,064

Female, S&E 175,481 30,794 1,858 1,269 13,139 12,481 658 705 7,535 1,461 4,827 71,811 8,826 7,526 1,300 64,050Science 148,831 24,822 941 699 12,094 11,502 592 530 5,376 1,350 3,832 62,934 6,458 5,515 943 54,617

Agricultural sciences 5,646 1,159 9 30 40 34 6 18 175 597 290 2,420 664 594 70 1,403Biological sciences 35,133 11,715 255 91 8,743 8,463 280 34 1,285 502 805 14,136 2,054 1,785 269 7,228

Anatomy 408 127 1 0 119 116 3 0 2 0 5 154 18 18 0 109Biochemistry 2,437 1,155 26 15 957 927 30 0 89 15 53 923 155 139 16 204Biology 7,134 1,559 49 13 787 764 23 12 468 44 186 3,944 277 240 37 1,354Biometry and epidemiology 2,861 862 3 1 761 704 57 1 28 6 62 794 186 125 61 1,019Biophysics 366 196 1 2 165 165 0 0 23 0 5 115 27 21 6 28Botany 882 235 3 17 24 24 0 4 67 102 18 470 77 69 8 100Cell biology 3,583 1,699 32 8 1,480 1,430 50 4 115 8 52 1,240 264 237 27 380Ecology 817 185 2 1 5 5 0 3 93 29 52 439 49 47 2 144Entomology and parasitology 467 130 0 0 14 10 4 0 23 67 26 229 62 56 6 46Genetics 1,326 620 11 4 504 501 3 0 45 18 38 419 87 79 8 200Microbiology, immunology, and virology 2,664 1,382 27 19 1,207 1,183 24 3 74 19 33 903 162 138 24 217Nutrition 3,009 445 18 0 221 186 35 0 4 165 37 870 179 161 18 1,515Pathology 764 342 14 0 298 290 8 0 2 6 22 209 60 49 11 153Pharmacology 1,555 715 26 2 598 586 12 0 28 3 58 641 70 60 10 129

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Physiology 1,372 469 16 4 404 388 16 2 17 1 25 521 109 103 6 273Zoology 315 81 6 0 17 12 5 1 32 1 24 180 11 11 0 43Other 5,173 1,513 20 5 1,182 1,172 10 4 175 18 109 2,085 261 232 29 1,314

Communication 4,037 84 4 24 17 7 0 26 3 27 1,946 167 149 18 1,840Computer sciences 7,828 1,009 190 27 67 60 7 11 558 6 150 2,224 307 240 67 4,288Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 5,719 1,537 50 70 17 14 3 206 754 23 417 2,514 410 340 70 1,258

Atmospheric 404 189 7 13 0 0 0 60 59 7 43 115 40 37 3 60Earth 2,704 681 11 36 4 4 0 104 407 3 116 1,376 185 154 31 462Ocean 1,191 387 25 12 2 2 0 21 201 7 119 511 89 68 21 204Other 1,420 280 7 9 11 8 3 21 87 6 139 512 96 81 15 532

Family and consumer science/human science 1,952 110 2 53 37 16 0 11 13 31 943 78 71 7 821Mathematics and statistics 5,806 568 39 15 91 82 9 5 317 14 87 3,478 174 137 37 1,586

Mathematics/applied mathematics 4,031 397 36 11 26 22 4 4 258 1 61 2,617 111 84 27 906Statistics 1,775 171 3 4 65 60 5 1 59 13 26 861 63 53 10 680

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 2,805 293 13 5 71 59 12 4 88 10 102 1,137 120 102 18 1,255Neuroscience 1,403 692 16 617 603 14 0 46 1 12 548 74 70 4 89Physical sciences 11,349 3,475 228 445 935 889 46 215 1,322 12 318 6,274 612 535 77 988

Astronomy 406 177 6 3 0 0 0 72 86 0 10 196 18 15 3 15Chemistry 8,163 2,306 139 217 864 821 43 49 820 11 206 4,674 445 405 40 738Physics 2,615 956 80 223 55 52 3 87 409 1 101 1,330 146 112 34 183Other 165 36 3 2 16 16 0 7 7 0 1 74 3 3 0 52

Psychology 28,758 2,348 88 0 1,178 1,047 131 3 322 4 753 9,999 832 756 76 15,579Clinical 7,299 537 21 0 382 353 29 0 36 0 98 2,228 253 226 27 4,281General 7,520 807 28 0 463 395 68 1 159 3 153 3,486 241 223 18 2,986Nonclinical 13,939 1,004 39 0 333 299 34 2 127 1 502 4,285 338 307 31 8,312

Social sciences 38,395 1,832 47 16 258 197 61 34 472 165 840 17,315 966 736 230 18,282Agricultural economics 788 161 3 3 2 1 1 0 11 99 43 370 73 57 16 184Anthropology (cultural and social) 4,264 280 4 2 28 27 1 0 119 3 124 2,407 135 120 15 1,442Economics 4,351 158 5 2 22 15 7 0 48 18 63 2,329 115 65 50 1,749Geography 1,479 189 6 6 6 5 1 33 68 8 62 831 52 41 11 407History and philosophy of science 217 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 3 159 9 6 3 42Linguistics 1,404 97 1 1 16 16 0 0 45 0 34 812 31 21 10 464Political science and public administration 13,824 305 17 1 17 7 10 1 59 2 208 4,627 282 193 89 8,610Sociology 4,551 340 5 0 124 93 31 0 98 33 80 2,778 126 111 15 1,307Sociology/anthropology 111 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 90 2 2 0 15Other 7,406 291 5 1 42 32 10 0 20 2 221 2,912 141 120 21 4,062

Engineering 26,650 5,972 917 570 1,045 979 66 175 2,159 111 995 8,877 2,368 2,011 357 9,433Aerospace 587 167 64 5 1 1 0 40 30 0 27 195 52 36 16 173Agricultural 438 141 4 12 20 6 14 4 22 49 30 144 47 36 11 106Architecture 2,705 70 2 6 2 2 0 0 9 0 51 918 122 101 21 1,595Biomedical 2,743 974 47 11 628 620 8 14 214 7 53 896 252 223 29 621Chemical 2,392 827 71 114 135 126 9 10 393 16 88 839 320 285 35 406Civil 4,206 691 49 53 23 16 7 29 249 18 270 1,647 327 275 52 1,541Electrical 5,501 1,122 308 55 88 86 2 29 504 5 133 1,521 451 397 54 2,407

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Engineering science/physics 335 103 11 21 8 8 0 5 48 1 9 117 39 33 6 76Industrial/manufacturing 2,172 295 72 19 39 28 11 7 92 1 65 662 159 116 43 1,056Mechanical 2,428 652 118 82 44 38 6 27 274 3 104 917 252 213 39 607Metallurgical/materials 1,567 566 109 105 28 25 3 5 236 3 80 504 182 159 23 315Mining 65 11 0 5 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 41 5 5 0 8Nuclear 178 81 12 39 2 2 0 2 2 0 24 51 17 16 1 29Petroleum 198 20 0 16 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 70 76 55 21 32Other 1,135 252 50 27 24 19 5 3 83 7 58 355 67 61 6 461

Male, S&E 233,626 49,620 7,101 4,219 12,549 11,962 587 1,674 15,498 1,500 7,079 93,193 15,367 12,774 2,593 75,446Science 150,484 30,376 2,576 2,087 10,262 9,838 424 846 9,277 1,271 4,057 66,807 7,594 6,249 1,345 45,707

Agricultural sciences 5,441 1,258 17 40 38 35 3 23 164 651 325 2,197 746 683 63 1,240Biological sciences 27,637 9,664 220 118 7,218 7,039 179 32 1,123 332 621 11,248 1,749 1,507 242 4,976

Anatomy 392 126 1 0 114 112 2 0 4 0 7 115 24 22 2 127Biochemistry 2,472 1,135 30 17 943 910 33 2 85 16 42 1,001 177 155 22 159Biology 5,950 1,249 41 16 656 644 12 8 365 27 136 3,340 236 202 34 1,125Biometry and epidemiology 2,007 727 8 7 616 585 31 1 45 5 45 497 97 76 21 686Biophysics 667 340 4 8 275 274 1 1 35 2 15 226 43 37 6 58Botany 797 225 5 20 10 10 0 1 85 79 25 393 86 76 10 93Cell biology 3,038 1,386 33 12 1,191 1,158 33 3 91 16 40 1,161 244 208 36 247Ecology 654 167 3 3 5 5 0 6 88 17 45 335 51 47 4 101Entomology and parasitology 466 125 4 1 21 17 4 0 18 63 18 211 76 71 5 54Genetics 928 498 5 2 393 389 4 0 49 14 35 279 75 70 5 76Microbiology, immunology, and virology 1,905 954 16 22 826 816 10 3 44 18 25 655 138 117 21 158Nutrition 767 118 9 0 57 50 7 0 1 47 4 264 73 66 7 312Pathology 508 265 7 0 243 238 5 0 4 3 8 141 46 35 11 56Pharmacology 1,201 557 20 1 477 469 8 0 12 2 45 440 99 84 15 105Physiology 1,306 464 16 2 416 389 27 1 17 0 12 441 78 69 9 323Zoology 274 59 3 0 4 4 0 0 32 2 18 159 12 12 0 44Other 4,305 1,269 15 7 971 969 2 6 148 21 101 1,590 194 160 34 1,252

Communication 2,237 71 17 1 8 5 3 2 22 1 20 1,130 129 125 4 907Computer sciences 24,954 4,784 1,110 161 319 271 48 56 2,608 13 517 7,176 1,131 931 200 11,863Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 6,599 1,771 68 108 17 10 7 252 820 23 483 2,885 550 439 111 1,393

Atmospheric 789 327 19 24 1 0 1 86 121 4 72 273 85 82 3 104Earth 3,648 847 21 69 5 3 2 127 466 8 151 1,799 289 228 61 713Ocean 939 302 22 6 4 3 1 13 141 4 112 386 73 55 18 178Other 1,223 295 6 9 7 4 3 26 92 7 148 427 103 74 29 398

Family and consumer science/human science 425 18 1 0 6 5 1 0 0 6 5 226 16 12 4 165

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Mathematics and statistics 11,800 1,314 125 46 128 118 10 13 784 22 196 7,542 332 215 117 2,612Mathematics/applied mathematics 9,396 1,045 109 41 43 37 6 9 686 2 155 6,315 240 140 100 1,796Statistics 2,404 269 16 5 85 81 4 4 98 20 41 1,227 92 75 17 816

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 2,258 338 55 16 49 32 17 8 107 11 92 875 107 86 21 938Neuroscience 1,279 648 28 1 562 552 10 0 47 0 10 491 79 74 5 61Physical sciences 23,507 7,760 715 1,567 1,337 1,269 68 417 2,999 19 706 12,542 1,359 1,170 189 1,846

Astronomy 886 414 21 49 2 2 0 134 171 0 37 374 60 56 4 38Chemistry 11,848 3,442 259 483 1,131 1,074 57 42 1,236 13 278 6,672 754 675 79 980Physics 10,470 3,839 427 1,032 178 167 11 231 1,580 6 385 5,356 539 435 104 736Other 303 65 8 3 26 26 0 10 12 0 6 140 6 4 2 92

Psychology 9,813 955 80 1 426 390 36 2 168 1 277 4,058 332 294 38 4,468Clinical 2,079 133 13 0 82 79 3 0 9 0 29 611 73 66 7 1,262General 3,196 386 35 0 180 161 19 1 95 1 74 1,644 99 82 17 1,067Nonclinical 4,538 436 32 1 164 150 14 1 64 0 174 1,803 160 146 14 2,139

Social sciences 34,534 1,795 140 28 154 112 42 41 435 192 805 16,437 1,064 713 351 15,238Agricultural economics 1,037 210 3 13 4 4 0 1 13 121 55 440 90 71 19 297Anthropology (cultural and social) 2,332 155 1 0 7 5 2 0 73 2 72 1,351 82 72 10 744Economics 7,528 279 20 2 30 25 5 1 95 38 93 4,379 271 152 119 2,599Geography 1,894 233 9 6 17 16 1 38 79 6 78 978 59 48 11 624History and philosophy of science 259 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 3 182 6 6 0 61Linguistics 1,015 70 1 1 5 5 0 0 44 0 19 622 18 11 7 305Political science and public administration 13,026 465 93 2 18 9 9 1 58 6 287 4,909 335 193 142 7,317Sociology 2,671 185 3 1 60 41 19 0 47 17 57 1,687 82 68 14 717Sociology/anthropology 60 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 18Other 4,712 186 10 3 13 7 6 0 19 2 139 1,849 121 92 29 2,556

Engineering 83,142 19,244 4,525 2,132 2,287 2,124 163 828 6,221 229 3,022 26,386 7,773 6,525 1,248 29,739Aerospace 3,624 1,204 581 58 9 9 0 305 153 0 98 1,027 291 218 73 1,102Agricultural 760 228 12 15 16 7 9 4 34 91 56 310 71 57 14 151Architecture 3,374 80 5 12 2 2 0 0 9 1 51 1,189 100 80 20 2,005Biomedical 4,675 1,739 105 38 1,175 1,147 28 12 294 9 106 1,472 441 392 49 1,023Chemical 5,124 1,612 144 326 231 217 14 25 696 32 158 1,918 729 631 98 865Civil 9,985 1,539 132 93 27 21 6 78 512 37 660 3,909 763 624 139 3,774Electrical 24,476 5,454 1,783 271 343 310 33 149 2,308 12 588 6,722 2,048 1,829 219 10,252Engineering science/physics 1,167 358 70 77 36 36 0 15 116 1 43 443 117 101 16 249Industrial/manufacturing 6,199 874 306 62 84 69 15 21 229 5 167 1,627 509 392 117 3,189Mechanical 14,197 3,467 863 503 218 194 24 185 1,095 19 584 4,923 1,483 1,198 285 4,324Metallurgical/materials 3,984 1,545 321 328 77 63 14 15 573 9 222 1,191 497 425 72 751Mining 296 52 2 12 20 12 8 1 4 0 13 126 21 21 0 97

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Nuclear 945 422 71 203 5 5 0 4 22 0 117 269 134 128 6 120Petroleum 865 49 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 238 344 239 105 234Other 3,471 621 130 88 44 32 12 14 176 13 156 1,022 225 190 35 1,603

DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIH = National Institutes of Health; NSF = National Science Foundation; S&E = science and engineering; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.

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(Percent distribution)Sex, age, race/ethnicity, enrollment status, and citizenship status All students Without disability With disabilityAll S&E graduate students (number in thousands) 695.5 646.2 49.3

Sex 100.0 100.0 100.0Female 44.3 44.8 37.0Male 55.7 55.2 63.0

Age (years) 100.0 100.0 100.015–23 17.0 17.3 12.724–29 47.2 47.2 47.130 and older 35.8 35.5 40.2

Race/ethnicity 100.0 100.0 100.0White 58.0 57.9 59.8Asian 23.1 23.3 19.9Black 7.8 7.7 9.4Hispanic 8.0 8.1 7.1American Indian/Alaska Native 0.4 0.4 0.2Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0.2 0.2 0.8Other or unknown 0.5 0.5 0.2More than one race 2.0 1.9 2.7

Enrollment status 100.0 100.0 100.0Mostly full time 58.0 58.1 57.3Mostly part time 38.1 38.4 34.5Mix of full and part time 3.9 3.5 8.2

Citizenship status 100.0 100.0 100.0U.S. citizen 71.5 70.7 82.4Resident alien 5.2 5.5 1.9Foreign/international student 23.3 23.9 15.7

TABLE 3-7. Disability status of S&E graduate students, by sex, age, race/ethnicity, enrollment status, and citizenship status: 2008

S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Enrollment status was determined by graduate student responses to the question, Since you started working on your degree, have you been enrolled mainly as a full-time student or part-time student? For disability status, those who reported any type of disability related to blindness, deafness, a severe vision or hearing impairment, substantial limitation of mobility, or any other physical, mental, or emotional condition that lasted 6 months or more are classified as "with disability." Racial/ethnic and citizenship categories are those used by the National Center for Education Statistics in reporting these data. Resident alien is comparable to permanent resident, and foreign/international student is comparable to temporary resident. The total number of S&E graduate students differs from data in other tables due to differences in survey methodologies. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2008.


TABLE 3-8. Field distribution of graduate student enrollment, by disability status: 2008 (Percent distribution)Field All students Without disability With disabilityAll fields 100.0 100.0 100.0

Business/management 18.4 18.8 13.9Education 25.6 25.2 30.1Health 12.5 12.4 13.4Humanities 7.7 7.9 6.9Law 5.2 5.3 4.5S&E 21.4 21.3 20.3

Life/physical sciences 5.3 5.2 5.0Math/engineering/computer science 9.0 9.2 6.4Social/behavioral sciences 7.1 6.9 8.9

Other 8.8 8.6 11.3S&E = science and engineering. NOTE: Those who reported any type of disability related to blindness, deafness, a severe vision or hearing impairment, substantial limitation of mobility, or any other physical, mental, or emotional condition that lasted 6 months or more are classified as "with disability." SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2008.


Field and sex 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All fields 585,610 600,294 637,953 670,335 701,734 718,182 733,151 755,598 793,279 856,381S&E 45,226 51,194 62,805 60,246 54,750 49,850 47,485 49,166 54,284 62,211

Science 43,328 49,413 60,527 57,403 52,193 47,559 45,213 46,763 51,955 59,546Agricultural sciences 2,106 2,001 2,018 1,966 1,908 1,934 1,790 1,762 1,811 1,952Biological sciences 1,536 1,577 1,786 1,753 1,979 2,028 2,224 2,379 2,546 2,881Computer sciences 30,113 35,578 46,400 42,153 36,140 31,170 27,680 28,327 30,050 32,514Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 82 58 52 41 45 67 69 67 98 99Mathematics and statistics 696 686 735 802 807 753 827 855 930 1,051Physical sciences 1,185 1,343 1,139 1,574 1,615 1,670 1,946 1,909 2,101 2,304Psychology 1,553 1,704 1,785 1,887 1,942 1,944 2,213 2,412 3,949 6,582Social sciences 6,057 6,466 6,612 7,227 7,757 7,993 8,464 9,052 10,470 12,163

Engineering 1,898 1,781 2,278 2,843 2,557 2,291 2,272 2,403 2,329 2,665

Non-S&E 540,384 549,100 575,148 610,089 646,984 668,332 685,666 706,432 738,995 794,170Engineering technologies 39,732 37,901 39,600 37,020 32,488 29,710 30,097 31,643 33,243 34,553Other non-S&E 500,652 511,199 535,548 573,069 614,496 638,622 655,569 674,789 705,752 759,617

FemaleAll fields 351,226 360,430 383,320 408,490 432,451 446,231 456,145 471,155 493,013 530,895

S&E 20,504 21,585 24,679 23,291 20,786 19,170 18,416 18,900 21,778 25,743Science 20,188 21,287 24,306 22,695 20,414 18,849 18,088 18,586 21,451 25,386

Agricultural sciences 787 764 774 709 649 740 674 635 687 795Biological sciences 1,035 1,077 1,206 1,145 1,312 1,326 1,473 1,638 1,723 1,939Computer sciences 12,029 12,662 15,567 13,239 10,554 8,688 7,188 7,084 7,442 7,784Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 34 21 22 20 20 29 25 33 33 34Mathematics and statistics 246 240 269 299 278 270 279 280 295 326Physical sciences 587 645 543 690 655 680 841 803 891 920Psychology 1,193 1,334 1,344 1,453 1,497 1,498 1,696 1,858 3,205 5,311Social sciences 4,277 4,544 4,581 5,140 5,449 5,618 5,912 6,255 7,175 8,277

Engineering 316 298 373 596 372 321 328 314 327 357


MaleAll fields 234,384 239,864 254,633 261,845 269,283 271,951 277,006 284,443 300,266 325,486

S&E 24,722 29,609 38,126 36,955 33,964 30,680 29,069 30,266 32,506 36,468Science 23,140 28,126 36,221 34,708 31,779 28,710 27,125 28,177 30,504 34,160

Agricultural sciences 1,319 1,237 1,244 1,257 1,259 1,194 1,116 1,127 1,124 1,157Biological sciences 501 500 580 608 667 702 751 741 823 942Computer sciences 18,084 22,916 30,833 28,914 25,586 22,482 20,492 21,243 22,608 24,730Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 48 37 30 21 25 38 44 34 65 65Mathematics and statistics 450 446 466 503 529 483 548 575 635 725Physical sciences 598 698 596 884 960 990 1,105 1,106 1,210 1,384Psychology 360 370 441 434 445 446 517 554 744 1,271Social sciences 1,780 1,922 2,031 2,087 2,308 2,375 2,552 2,797 3,295 3,886

Engineering 1,582 1,483 1,905 2,247 2,185 1,970 1,944 2,089 2,002 2,308


NOTE: Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.

TABLE 4-1. Associate's degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10

Both sexes



Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All fields 585,610 600,294 637,953 670,335 701,734 718,182 733,151 755,598 793,279 856,381S&E 45,226 51,194 62,805 60,246 54,750 49,850 47,485 49,166 54,284 62,211

Science 43,328 49,413 60,527 57,403 52,193 47,559 45,213 46,763 51,955 59,546Agricultural sciences 2,106 2,001 2,018 1,966 1,908 1,934 1,790 1,762 1,811 1,952Biological sciences 1,536 1,577 1,786 1,753 1,979 2,028 2,224 2,379 2,546 2,881Computer sciences 30,113 35,578 46,400 42,153 36,140 31,170 27,680 28,327 30,050 32,514Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 82 58 52 41 45 67 69 67 98 99Mathematics and statistics 696 686 735 802 807 753 827 855 930 1,051Physical sciences 1,185 1,343 1,139 1,574 1,615 1,670 1,946 1,909 2,101 2,304Psychology 1,553 1,704 1,785 1,887 1,942 1,944 2,213 2,412 3,949 6,582Social sciences 6,057 6,466 6,612 7,227 7,757 7,993 8,464 9,052 10,470 12,163

Engineering 1,898 1,781 2,278 2,843 2,557 2,291 2,272 2,403 2,329 2,665


U.S. citizen and permanent residentAll fields 574,008 588,000 624,467 655,767 687,613 704,750 719,324 741,153 778,055 840,221

S&E 44,071 49,778 61,190 58,625 53,398 48,751 46,590 48,212 53,128 60,911Science 42,270 48,054 58,993 55,900 50,963 46,547 44,411 45,898 50,948 58,397

Agricultural sciences 2,060 1,949 2,007 1,923 1,893 1,892 1,782 1,746 1,799 1,939Biological sciences 1,501 1,547 1,737 1,696 1,921 1,964 2,163 2,296 2,474 2,773Computer sciences 29,396 34,553 45,225 41,114 35,371 30,628 27,261 27,934 29,567 32,019Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 78 57 52 39 45 65 65 64 98 96Mathematics and statistics 654 650 689 755 747 699 798 810 888 990Physical sciences 1,152 1,299 1,081 1,488 1,498 1,543 1,841 1,777 1,935 2,138Psychology 1,528 1,668 1,742 1,843 1,904 1,922 2,192 2,382 3,897 6,501Social sciences 5,901 6,331 6,460 7,042 7,584 7,834 8,309 8,889 10,290 11,941

Engineering 1,801 1,724 2,197 2,725 2,435 2,204 2,179 2,314 2,180 2,514


WhiteAll fields 396,412 401,199 417,683 431,419 449,935 456,951 461,859 467,389 487,473 513,086

S&E 28,362 31,883 37,939 35,655 32,581 29,621 28,050 28,652 31,177 34,712Science 27,084 30,618 36,552 34,086 31,093 28,267 26,734 27,199 29,793 33,091

Agricultural sciences 1,840 1,725 1,795 1,695 1,716 1,686 1,556 1,557 1,571 1,618Biological sciences 989 1,047 1,132 1,084 1,219 1,115 1,178 1,260 1,300 1,432Computer sciences 18,772 21,933 28,012 25,081 21,621 18,835 16,990 17,136 18,339 19,413Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 73 54 48 35 39 52 59 57 82 87Mathematics and statistics 361 384 374 438 411 378 425 401 462 467Physical sciences 753 891 688 916 952 959 1,078 1,015 1,081 1,205Psychology 1,012 1,121 1,121 1,152 1,130 1,148 1,268 1,355 2,165 3,493Social sciences 3,284 3,463 3,382 3,685 4,005 4,094 4,180 4,418 4,793 5,376

Engineering 1,278 1,265 1,387 1,569 1,488 1,354 1,316 1,453 1,384 1,621


Asian or Pacific Islandera

All fields 27,919 30,322 31,597 31,908 32,498 33,800 35,623 36,754 38,619 41,472S&E 2,907 3,381 4,075 3,694 3,129 2,769 2,715 2,877 3,314 3,706

Science 2,775 3,280 3,933 3,525 2,982 2,637 2,540 2,737 3,137 3,490Agricultural sciences 9 10 9 18 12 10 21 20 24 24Biological sciences 94 93 143 148 204 224 257 319 337 340Computer sciences 2,052 2,522 3,072 2,499 1,871 1,474 1,212 1,205 1,397 1,521Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 1

TABLE 4-2. Associate's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 4-2. Associate's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Mathematics and statistics 106 91 102 100 97 85 78 118 130 138Physical sciences 81 86 105 190 175 208 254 273 282 284Psychology 54 51 75 76 74 79 92 113 159 227Social sciences 379 427 426 494 549 556 626 689 802 955

Engineering 132 101 142 169 147 132 175 140 177 216


BlackAll fields 61,658 64,745 72,051 76,930 81,825 84,527 85,944 89,074 94,440 105,503

S&E 5,328 6,120 8,198 7,727 6,891 6,499 5,890 6,064 6,597 7,816Science 5,211 5,986 7,981 7,438 6,603 6,284 5,700 5,837 6,428 7,651

Agricultural sciences 4 14 13 19 8 18 28 18 17 25Biological sciences 131 138 145 135 142 185 207 172 183 243Computer sciences 3,998 4,733 6,636 6,007 5,119 4,617 3,988 4,171 4,316 4,778Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 1 1 0 1 4 0 2 0 1Mathematics and statistics 50 27 41 36 35 35 44 43 35 48Physical sciences 80 77 63 75 79 97 100 101 116 126Psychology 144 141 146 158 173 198 203 214 370 730Social sciences 804 855 936 1,008 1,046 1,130 1,130 1,116 1,391 1,700

Engineering 117 134 217 289 288 215 190 227 169 165


Hispanicb

All fields 61,364 62,072 67,476 72,626 78,555 80,417 84,462 89,899 96,387 110,056S&E 5,105 5,582 6,994 6,910 6,615 6,006 6,118 6,376 7,157 8,412

Science 4,909 5,439 6,655 6,352 6,242 5,661 5,774 6,026 6,831 8,064Agricultural sciences 109 86 68 54 43 58 59 47 44 63Biological sciences 222 189 218 208 229 279 352 377 438 522Computer sciences 3,058 3,549 4,593 4,216 3,888 3,261 2,980 2,897 2,995 3,337Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 3 1 1 2 5 3 3 1 4 7Mathematics and statistics 100 105 124 131 154 155 171 168 198 244Physical sciences 161 151 145 161 174 158 207 219 261 328Psychology 222 260 298 338 384 366 447 492 678 942Social sciences 1,034 1,098 1,208 1,242 1,365 1,381 1,555 1,825 2,213 2,621

Engineering 196 143 339 558 373 345 344 350 326 348


American Indian or Alaska NativeAll fields 6,392 6,565 7,134 7,692 8,001 8,068 8,076 8,256 8,235 9,589

S&E 605 703 811 825 839 801 851 870 835 909Science 587 686 787 784 801 775 817 841 815 888

Agricultural sciences 53 55 70 65 68 72 56 64 64 125Biological sciences 33 43 27 47 44 65 55 59 52 54Computer sciences 302 322 418 377 352 325 291 298 293 308Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0Mathematics and statistics 12 7 13 11 13 10 14 15 11 7Physical sciences 17 17 17 24 27 26 29 37 37 37Psychology 34 32 31 36 56 41 73 67 71 95Social sciences 136 210 210 224 241 236 298 300 285 262

Engineering 18 17 24 41 38 26 34 29 20 21

Non-S&E 5,787 5,862 6,323 6,867 7,162 7,267 7,225 7,386 7,400 8,680Engineering technologies 299 295 366 415 330 313 289 315 355 340


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 4-2. Associate's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Other non-S&E 5,488 5,567 5,957 6,452 6,832 6,954 6,936 7,071 7,045 8,340

Other or unknown race or ethnicityc

All fields 20,263 23,097 28,526 35,192 36,799 40,987 43,360 49,781 52,901 60,515S&E 1,764 2,109 3,173 3,814 3,343 3,055 2,966 3,373 4,048 5,356

Science 1,704 2,045 3,085 3,715 3,242 2,923 2,846 3,258 3,944 5,213Agricultural sciences 45 59 52 72 46 48 62 40 79 84Biological sciences 32 37 72 74 83 96 114 109 164 182Computer sciences 1,214 1,494 2,494 2,934 2,520 2,116 1,800 2,227 2,227 2,662Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 2 1 0 2 0 5 2 3 4 0Mathematics and statistics 25 36 35 39 37 36 66 65 52 86Physical sciences 60 77 63 122 91 95 173 132 158 158Psychology 62 63 71 83 87 90 109 141 454 1,014Social sciences 264 278 298 389 378 437 520 541 806 1,027

Engineering 60 64 88 99 101 132 120 115 104 143

Non-S&E 18,499 20,988 25,353 31,378 33,456 37,932 40,394 46,408 48,853 55,159Engineering technologies 971 1,506 1,952 2,035 1,283 1,193 1,093 1,311 1,639 1,759Other non-S&E 17,528 19,482 23,401 29,343 32,173 36,739 39,301 45,097 47,214 53,400

Temporary residentAll fields 11,602 12,294 13,486 14,568 14,121 13,432 13,827 14,445 15,224 16,160

S&E 1,155 1,416 1,615 1,621 1,352 1,099 895 954 1,156 1,300Science 1,058 1,359 1,534 1,503 1,230 1,012 802 865 1,007 1,149

Agricultural sciences 46 52 11 43 15 42 8 16 12 13Biological sciences 35 30 49 57 58 64 61 83 72 108Computer sciences 717 1,025 1,175 1,039 769 542 419 393 483 495Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 4 1 0 2 0 2 4 3 0 3Mathematics and statistics 42 36 46 47 60 54 29 45 42 61Physical sciences 33 44 58 86 117 127 105 132 166 166Psychology 25 36 43 44 38 22 21 30 52 81Social sciences 156 135 152 185 173 159 155 163 180 222

Engineering 97 57 81 118 122 87 93 89 149 151

Non-S&E 10,447 10,878 11,871 12,947 12,769 12,333 12,932 13,491 14,068 14,860Engineering technologies 838 442 460 507 357 319 297 328 277 343Other non-S&E 9,609 10,436 11,411 12,440 12,412 12,014 12,635 13,163 13,791 14,517



a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races.c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.

NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions.


Earth, atmospheric, Mathematics All S&E

All Agricultural Biological Computer and ocean and Physical Psy- Social Engi- tech- Engi-Sex, citizenship, and race/ethnicity All fields S&E sciences sciences sciences sciences sciences statistics sciences chology sciences neering nologies neering Health Other

All degrees 856,381 62,211 59,546 1,952 2,881 32,514 99 1,051 2,304 6,582 12,163 2,665 124,476 34,553 87,437 2,486Female 530,895 25,743 25,386 795 1,939 7,784 34 326 920 5,311 8,277 357 78,730 4,689 73,229 812Male 325,486 36,468 34,160 1,157 942 24,730 65 725 1,384 1,271 3,886 2,308 45,273 29,864 14,208 1,674

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 840,221 60,911 58,397 1,939 2,773 32,019 96 990 2,138 6,501 11,941 2,514 123,446 34,210 86,793 2,443Female 521,337 25,212 24,884 788 1,884 7,621 34 307 862 5,246 8,142 328 78,173 4,617 72,756 800Male 318,884 35,699 33,513 1,151 889 24,398 62 683 1,276 1,255 3,799 2,186 45,273 29,593 14,037 1,643

White 513,086 34,712 33,091 1,618 1,432 19,413 87 467 1,205 3,493 5,376 1,621 77,730 22,511 53,579 1,640Female 313,098 12,970 12,781 619 974 4,134 31 143 462 2,837 3,581 189 48,688 2,770 45,425 493Male 199,988 21,742 20,310 999 458 15,279 56 324 743 656 1,795 1,432 29,042 19,741 8,154 1,147

Asian or Pacific Islandera 41,472 3,706 3,490 24 340 1,521 1 138 284 227 955 216 5,301 1,291 3,898 112Female 24,308 1,550 1,514 15 231 327 0 50 125 165 601 36 2,955 186 2,717 52Male 17,164 2,156 1,976 9 109 1,194 1 88 159 62 354 180 2,346 1,105 1,181 60

Black 105,503 7,816 7,651 25 243 4,778 1 48 126 730 1,700 165 16,908 3,889 12,737 282Female 72,116 3,692 3,669 12 167 1,573 0 6 61 606 1,244 23 11,879 713 11,047 119Male 33,387 4,124 3,982 13 76 3,205 1 42 65 124 456 142 5,029 3,176 1,690 163

Hispanicb 110,056 8,412 8,064 63 522 3,337 7 244 328 942 2,621 348 14,593 4,420 9,889 284Female 68,727 4,031 3,976 36 357 759 3 81 145 742 1,853 55 8,643 582 7,979 82Male 41,329 4,381 4,088 27 165 2,578 4 163 183 200 768 293 5,950 3,838 1,910 202

American Indian or Alaska Native 9,589 909 888 125 54 308 0 7 37 95 262 21 1,154 340 799 15Female 6,235 483 476 67 36 93 0 1 17 75 187 7 736 76 655 5Male 3,354 426 412 58 18 215 0 6 20 20 75 14 418 264 144 10

Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 60,515 5,356 5,213 84 182 2,662 0 86 158 1,014 1,027 143 7,760 1,759 5,891 110Female 36,853 2,486 2,468 39 119 735 0 26 52 821 676 18 5,272 290 4,933 49Male 23,662 2,870 2,745 45 63 1,927 0 60 106 193 351 125 2,488 1,469 958 61

Temporary resident 16,160 1,300 1,149 13 108 495 3 61 166 81 222 151 1,030 343 644 43Female 9,558 531 502 7 55 163 0 19 58 65 135 29 557 72 473 12Male 6,602 769 647 6 53 332 3 42 108 16 87 122 473 271 171 31

TABLE 4-3. S&E and S&E technologies associate's degrees awarded, by sex, citizenship, race/ethnicity, and field: 2010


b Includes Hispanic of one or more races.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2010.

NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

ScienceS&E technologies


c Includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.

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Associate's Associate'sSex and institution degrees Sex and institution degrees

Female MaleAll institutions 160,040 All institutions 322,250

Top 50 institutions 55,790 Top 50 institutions 65,945U. Phoenix, Online 6,487 U. Phoenix, Online 5,923Riverside City C. 2,404 Full Sail U. 3,186Mt. San Antonio C. 2,401 ECPI U. 3,026Mt. San Jacinto Community C. District 2,240 Cochise C. 2,583Tidewater Community C. 2,073 New England Institute of Technology 2,022ECPI U. 1,799 Technical Career Institutes 1,977Sierra C. 1,786 Purdue U., Main Campus 1,874American River C. 1,597 PA C. of Technology 1,768Moraine Valley Community C. 1,536 TX State Technical C., Waco 1,633San Jacinto Community C. 1,464 Northern VA Community C. 1,525Sacramento City C. 1,436 Pittsburgh Technical Institute 1,455Butte C. 1,381 Mt. San Antonio C. 1,448Citrus C. 1,367 Riverside City C. 1,434San Joaquin Delta C. 1,285 Tidewater Community C. 1,424De Anza C. 1,184 Sinclair Community C. 1,305Palomar C. 1,102 Moraine Valley Community C. 1,212Northern VA Community C. 995 San Jacinto Community C. 1,195Santa Rosa Junior C. 944 Stark State C. of Technology 1,185Napa Valley C. 941 Salt Lake Community C. 1,181McHenry County C. 927 Ferris State U. 1,157Lewis and Clark Community C. 871 Southeast Community C. Area 1,140Solano Community C. 869 San Joaquin Delta C. 1,121Thomas Nelson Community C. 862 Mt. San Jacinto Community C. District 1,061South TX C. 818 CUNY, New York City C. of Technology 1,021Cochise C. 816 Sacramento City C. 997Waubonsee Community C. 807 Vincennes U. 987Brookdale Community C. 784 Butte C. 976Washtenaw Community C. 773 DeVry U., IL 970Parkland C. 759 Cincinnati State Technical and Community C. 960Bakersfield C. 698 Anthem C., Phoenix 946OK City Community C. 693 Hocking C. 942Blinn C. 684 American River C. 933Folsom Lake C. 683 YTI Career Institute, York 923Southwestern IL C. 677 ITT Technical Institute, San Bernardino 922IL Valley Community C. 673 Sierra C. 911Lake Land C. 668 Washtenaw Community C. 897C. Southern NV 665 Bismarck State C. 892Tulsa Community C. 663 OK State U., Institute of Technology, Okmulgee 866Community C. Philadelphia 646 Columbus State Community C. 865Modesto Junior C. 642 Grand Rapids Community C. 855Harrisburg Area Community C., Harrisburg 626 Owens Community C. 852Kishwaukee C. 616 ITT Technical Institute, Canton 842Victor Valley C. 603 Palomar C. 839J. Sargeant Reynolds Community C. 584 Southwestern IL C. 835Richard Bland C. of the C. of William and Mary 583 ITT Technical Institute, Austin 827Rend Lake C. 568 ITT Technical Institute, Troy 826Orange Coast C. 559 Honolulu Community C. 816Wayne County Community C. District 530 Milwaukee Area Technical C. 805Kaplan U., Davenport 514 ITT Technical Institute, Getzville 804Imperial Valley C. 507 FL Career C., Miami 801

Other institutions 104,250 Other institutions 256,305



TABLE 4-4. Top 50 academic institutions awarding associate's degrees in S&E, S&E technologies, and interdisciplinary or other sciences fields, by sex of recipient: 2006–10



Associate's Associate'sRace/ethnicity and institution degrees Race/ethnicity and institution degrees

All institutions 27,190 All institutions 54,715Top 20 institutions 8,399 Top 20 institutions 11,092

Mt. San Antonio C. 973 ECPI U. 1,796Honolulu Community C. 909 U. Phoenix, Online 1,405De Anza C. 724 Technical Career Institutes 771San Joaquin Delta C. 661 Tidewater Community C. 709Northern VA Community C. 611 CUNY, New York City C. of Technology 638Sacramento City C. 484 Community C. Philadelphia 548Heald C., Honolulu 425 Full Sail U. 477Orange Coast C. 421 Wayne County Community C. District 443Solano Community C. 378 DeVry U., IL 410Riverside City C. 340 Essex County C. 407Mission C. 322 Thomas Nelson Community C. 394Ohlone Community C. 280 Skyline C., Richmond 387American River C. 269 FL Career C., Miami 374Mt. San Jacinto Community C. District 245 CUNY, Kingsborough Community C. 373Laney C. 234 ITT Technical Institute, Cordova 350C. Micronesia-FSM 233 Merritt C. 337CUNY, New York City C. of Technology 227 Riverside City C. 329Technical Career Institutes 224 Central TX C. 317Chabot C. 221 South Suburban C. 316U. Phoenix, Online 218 CUNY, Borough of Manhattan Community C. 311



Mt. San Antonio C. 1,661 Dine C. 360South TX C. 1,410 OK State U., Institute of Technology, Okmulgee 165Riverside City C. 1,312 Oglala Lakota C. 159Citrus C. 846 U. Phoenix, Online 128San Jacinto Community C. 818 San Juan C. 126Mt. San Jacinto Community C. District 731 Tulsa Community C. 104Technical Career Institutes 721 Blackfeet Community C. 100U. Phoenix, Online 720 Northwest Indian C. 100Instituto Tecnologico de PR, Recinto de Ponce 718 Oklahoma City Community C. 89Imperial Valley C. 660 Carl Albert State C. 88Western Technical C. (El Paso, TX) 648 Northeastern OK A&M C. 83Instituto Tecnologico de PR, Recinto de Guayama 550 Connors State C. 81ITT Technical Institute, San Bernardino 533 Navajo Technical C. 76ITT Technical Institute, San Antonio 528 Anthem C., Phoenix 70Instituto Tecnologico de PR, Recinto de San Juan 480 Seminole State C. 69Huertas Junior C. 471 Eastern OK State C. 67San Joaquin Delta C. 449 Haskell Indian Nations U. 66FL Career C., Miami 441 ITT Technical Institute, Albuquerque 65Sacramento City C. 441 Central NM Community C. 57Palomar C. 425 Butte C. 56

Other institutions 46,168 Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute 56U. NM, Gallup 56

Other institutions 4,045

TABLE 4-5. Top 20 academic institutions awarding associate's degrees in S&E, S&E technologies, and interdisciplinary or other sciences fields, by race/ethnicity of minority graduates: 2006–10




Hispanicb American Indian or Alaska Native

BlackAsian or Pacific Islandera

NOTES: Institutions awarding the same number of degrees are listed alphabetically. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions.



Earth,atmospheric, Mathematics

All Agricultural Biological Computer and ocean and Physical SocialSex and year All fields S&E sciences sciences sciences sciences sciences statistics sciences Psychology sciences Engineering Non-S&E

Both sexes 2001 1,260,308 400,435 341,221 17,465 62,010 43,597 3,968 11,437 14,146 74,124 114,474 59,214 859,8732002 1,308,970 415,983 355,378 17,359 61,675 49,706 3,984 12,254 13,997 77,297 119,106 60,605 892,9872003 1,365,694 442,755 378,966 17,703 63,517 57,926 3,949 12,863 14,110 79,163 129,735 63,789 922,9392004 1,417,421 458,658 393,978 17,058 64,750 59,968 3,903 13,735 14,219 82,606 137,739 64,680 958,7632005 1,456,401 470,214 404,062 17,120 67,972 54,588 3,959 14,816 15,005 86,031 144,571 66,152 986,1872006 1,502,922 478,858 410,631 17,307 72,972 48,000 3,987 15,310 16,390 88,551 148,114 68,227 1,024,0642007 1,541,704 485,772 417,498 17,696 79,348 42,596 4,077 15,551 17,007 90,498 150,725 68,274 1,055,9322008 1,580,413 496,168 426,260 18,474 82,398 38,922 4,314 15,841 17,652 92,989 155,670 69,908 1,084,2452009 1,619,028 505,435 434,835 19,152 85,574 38,496 4,542 16,208 17,942 94,743 158,178 70,600 1,113,5932010 1,668,227 525,374 450,975 20,400 89,615 40,107 4,802 16,832 18,402 97,746 163,071 74,399 1,142,853

Female 2001 722,887 202,664 190,752 8,490 37,038 12,048 1,622 5,486 5,909 57,430 62,729 11,912 520,2232002 753,330 211,308 198,626 8,634 37,645 13,690 1,702 5,752 5,974 59,908 65,321 12,682 542,0222003 786,757 222,940 209,960 8,963 39,494 15,668 1,651 5,870 5,879 61,534 70,901 12,980 563,8172004 815,833 230,797 217,534 8,722 40,431 15,066 1,647 6,307 5,998 64,284 75,079 13,263 585,0362005 837,643 236,290 223,087 8,737 42,274 12,159 1,660 6,609 6,415 66,932 78,301 13,203 601,3532006 866,363 240,829 227,491 8,909 45,055 9,939 1,646 6,875 6,953 68,576 79,538 13,338 625,5342007 886,311 244,075 231,422 8,915 48,001 7,944 1,678 6,827 6,986 70,052 81,019 12,653 642,2362008 906,625 249,449 236,528 9,457 49,262 6,884 1,755 6,957 7,284 71,682 83,247 12,921 657,1762009 927,600 254,693 241,943 9,818 51,097 6,894 1,768 6,971 7,451 73,164 84,780 12,750 672,9072010 954,891 264,283 250,590 10,709 52,878 7,306 1,889 7,248 7,598 75,336 87,626 13,693 690,608

Male 2001 537,421 197,771 150,469 8,975 24,972 31,549 2,346 5,951 8,237 16,694 51,745 47,302 339,6502002 555,640 204,675 156,752 8,725 24,030 36,016 2,282 6,502 8,023 17,389 53,785 47,923 350,9652003 578,937 219,815 169,006 8,740 24,023 42,258 2,298 6,993 8,231 17,629 58,834 50,809 359,1222004 601,588 227,861 176,444 8,336 24,319 44,902 2,256 7,428 8,221 18,322 62,660 51,417 373,7272005 618,758 233,924 180,975 8,383 25,698 42,429 2,299 8,207 8,590 19,099 66,270 52,949 384,8342006 636,559 238,029 183,140 8,398 27,917 38,061 2,341 8,435 9,437 19,975 68,576 54,889 398,5302007 655,393 241,697 186,076 8,781 31,347 34,652 2,399 8,724 10,021 20,446 69,706 55,621 413,6962008 673,788 246,719 189,732 9,017 33,136 32,038 2,559 8,884 10,368 21,307 72,423 56,987 427,0692009 691,428 250,742 192,892 9,334 34,477 31,602 2,774 9,237 10,491 21,579 73,398 57,850 440,6862010 713,336 261,091 200,385 9,691 36,737 32,801 2,913 9,584 10,804 22,410 75,445 60,706 452,245

TABLE 5-1. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by sex and field: 2001–10 Science

Number

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 201349

Earth,atmospheric, Mathematics

All Agricultural Biological Computer and ocean and Physical SocialSex and year All fields S&E sciences sciences sciences sciences sciences statistics sciences Psychology sciences Engineering Non-S&E

TABLE 5-1. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by sex and field: 2001–10 Science

Female 2001 57.4 50.6 55.9 48.6 59.7 27.6 40.9 48.0 41.8 77.5 54.8 20.1 60.52002 57.6 50.8 55.9 49.7 61.0 27.5 42.7 46.9 42.7 77.5 54.8 20.9 60.72003 57.6 50.4 55.4 50.6 62.2 27.0 41.8 45.6 41.7 77.7 54.7 20.3 61.12004 57.6 50.3 55.2 51.1 62.4 25.1 42.2 45.9 42.2 77.8 54.5 20.5 61.02005 57.5 50.3 55.2 51.0 62.2 22.3 41.9 44.6 42.8 77.8 54.2 20.0 61.02006 57.6 50.3 55.4 51.5 61.7 20.7 41.3 44.9 42.4 77.4 53.7 19.5 61.12007 57.5 50.2 55.4 50.4 60.5 18.6 41.2 43.9 41.1 77.4 53.8 18.5 60.82008 57.4 50.3 55.5 51.2 59.8 17.7 40.7 43.9 41.3 77.1 53.5 18.5 60.62009 57.3 50.4 55.6 51.3 59.7 17.9 38.9 43.0 41.5 77.2 53.6 18.1 60.42010 57.2 50.3 55.6 52.5 59.0 18.2 39.3 43.1 41.3 77.1 53.7 18.4 60.4




Percent

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Field and sex 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Both sexes All fields 1,260,308 1,308,970 1,365,694 1,417,421 1,456,401 1,502,922 1,541,704 1,580,413 1,619,028 1,668,227

S&E 400,435 415,983 442,755 458,658 470,214 478,858 485,772 496,168 505,435 525,374

Science 341,221 355,378 378,966 393,978 404,062 410,631 417,498 426,260 434,835 450,975

Agricultural sciences 17,465 17,359 17,703 17,058 17,120 17,307 17,696 18,474 19,152 20,400Biological sciences 62,010 61,675 63,517 64,750 67,972 72,972 79,348 82,398 85,574 89,615Computer sciences 43,597 49,706 57,926 59,968 54,588 48,000 42,596 38,922 38,496 40,107

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 3,968 3,984 3,949 3,903 3,959 3,987 4,077 4,314 4,542 4,802

Atmospheric sciences 456 525 562 572 677 651 745 736 721 691Earth sciences 3,334 3,234 3,252 3,170 3,146 3,231 3,193 3,453 3,679 3,931Ocean sciences 178 225 135 161 136 105 139 125 142 180

Mathematics and statistics 11,437 12,254 12,863 13,735 14,816 15,310 15,551 15,841 16,208 16,832

Physical sciences 14,146 13,997 14,110 14,219 15,005 16,390 17,007 17,652 17,942 18,402Astronomy 240 276 271 292 331 366 332 346 335 388Chemistry 9,815 9,439 9,329 9,300 9,923 10,887 11,250 11,832 12,144 12,338Physics 3,447 3,641 3,913 4,140 4,199 4,566 4,870 4,876 4,842 5,000Other 644 641 597 487 552 571 555 598 621 676

Psychology 74,124 77,297 79,163 82,606 86,031 88,551 90,498 92,989 94,743 97,746

Social sciences 114,474 119,106 129,735 137,739 144,571 148,114 150,725 155,670 158,178 163,071Anthropology 6,898 7,198 7,543 7,631 7,742 8,100 8,086 8,853 9,153 9,566Area and ethnic studies 5,557 5,835 5,745 6,244 6,612 6,975 7,120 7,323 7,598 7,364Economics 20,371 21,823 23,866 24,927 25,160 24,707 24,825 26,281 27,628 29,090History of science 101 103 103 140 117 113 114 103 100 110Linguistics 757 847 914 1,047 1,053 1,201 1,340 1,505 1,478 1,682

Political science and public administration 36,650 38,565 43,796 47,509 51,540 53,589 54,598 55,889 55,319 57,649Sociology 25,357 25,296 26,200 27,020 28,556 28,541 29,050 28,908 28,836 29,000Other 18,783 19,439 21,568 23,221 23,791 24,888 25,592 26,808 28,066 28,610

Engineering 59,214 60,605 63,789 64,680 66,152 68,227 68,274 69,908 70,600 74,399Aerospace engineering 1,498 1,747 2,017 2,318 2,384 2,753 2,828 2,934 3,037 3,207Chemical engineering 6,088 5,946 5,545 5,185 4,889 4,857 5,081 5,504 5,894 6,692Civil engineering 8,949 8,891 9,367 9,400 9,800 10,663 11,318 12,243 12,787 13,482Electrical engineering 18,359 18,957 20,757 21,374 21,459 19,933 18,547 17,357 16,184 16,290Industrial engineering 3,812 3,977 3,937 3,808 3,936 3,890 3,529 3,566 3,879 4,184Materials engineering 930 933 950 865 906 1,006 1,025 1,150 1,070 1,138Mechanical engineering 13,139 13,353 14,029 14,342 14,880 16,163 16,911 17,685 17,643 18,858Other 6,439 6,801 7,187 7,388 7,898 8,962 9,035 9,469 10,106 10,548

Non-S&E 859,873 892,987 922,939 958,763 986,187 1,024,064 1,055,932 1,084,245 1,113,593 1,142,853

FemaleAll fields 722,887 753,330 786,757 815,833 837,643 866,363 886,311 906,625 927,600 954,891

S&E 202,664 211,308 222,940 230,797 236,290 240,829 244,075 249,449 254,693 264,283

Science 190,752 198,626 209,960 217,534 223,087 227,491 231,422 236,528 241,943 250,590



Atmospheric sciences 132 151 176 203 241 219 262 263 235 236Earth sciences 1,400 1,446 1,406 1,358 1,351 1,358 1,336 1,430 1,470 1,566

TABLE 5-2. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10


Field and sex 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 5-2. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10

Ocean sciences 90 105 69 86 68 69 80 62 63 87


Physical sciences 5,909 5,974 5,879 5,998 6,415 6,953 6,986 7,284 7,451 7,598Astronomy 95 116 110 123 143 131 132 120 146 140Chemistry 4,774 4,723 4,680 4,752 5,144 5,634 5,614 5,909 6,106 6,162Physics 755 824 837 907 900 945 1,024 988 925 1,015Other 285 311 252 216 228 243 216 267 274 281

Psychology 57,430 59,908 61,534 64,284 66,932 68,576 70,052 71,682 73,164 75,336

Social sciences 62,729 65,321 70,901 75,079 78,301 79,538 81,019 83,247 84,780 87,626Anthropology 4,706 4,926 5,230 5,281 5,380 5,606 5,630 6,120 6,430 6,703Area and ethnic studies 3,653 3,803 3,690 4,081 4,267 4,512 4,559 4,697 4,866 4,701Economics 6,921 7,387 8,093 8,277 8,139 7,664 7,630 8,044 8,346 8,895History of science 56 63 54 73 64 67 70 52 52 76Linguistics 512 604 624 717 729 754 879 1,003 975 1,124Political science and public administration 18,651 19,743 22,522 24,408 26,410 27,127 27,545 28,155 28,135 29,799Sociology 17,920 17,997 18,642 19,302 20,126 19,993 20,352 20,121 20,129 20,142Other 10,310 10,798 12,046 12,940 13,186 13,815 14,354 15,055 15,847 16,186

Engineering 11,912 12,682 12,980 13,263 13,203 13,338 12,653 12,921 12,750 13,693Aerospace engineering 304 312 384 413 404 501 452 441 437 463Chemical engineering 2,055 2,123 2,013 1,833 1,776 1,678 1,743 1,834 1,917 2,149Civil engineering 2,041 2,224 2,249 2,279 2,349 2,422 2,499 2,752 2,755 2,893Electrical engineering 2,542 2,717 2,918 3,043 2,845 2,587 2,109 1,907 1,606 1,740Industrial engineering 1,223 1,341 1,312 1,265 1,270 1,174 1,056 1,009 1,056 1,136Materials engineering 263 285 276 270 282 269 272 272 263 294Mechanical engineering 1,738 1,779 1,859 1,947 1,947 2,113 2,017 2,093 1,972 2,163Other 1,746 1,901 1,969 2,213 2,330 2,594 2,505 2,613 2,744 2,855

Non-S&E 520,223 542,022 563,817 585,036 601,353 625,534 642,236 657,176 672,907 690,608

MaleAll fields 537,421 555,640 578,937 601,588 618,758 636,559 655,393 673,788 691,428 713,336

S&E 197,771 204,675 219,815 227,861 233,924 238,029 241,697 246,719 250,742 261,091

Science 150,469 156,752 169,006 176,444 180,975 183,140 186,076 189,732 192,892 200,385



Atmospheric sciences 324 374 386 369 436 432 483 473 486 455Earth sciences 1,934 1,788 1,846 1,812 1,795 1,873 1,857 2,023 2,209 2,365Ocean sciences 88 120 66 75 68 36 59 63 79 93


Physical sciences 8,237 8,023 8,231 8,221 8,590 9,437 10,021 10,368 10,491 10,804Astronomy 145 160 161 169 188 235 200 226 189 248Chemistry 5,041 4,716 4,649 4,548 4,779 5,253 5,636 5,923 6,038 6,176Physics 2,692 2,817 3,076 3,233 3,299 3,621 3,846 3,888 3,917 3,985Other 359 330 345 271 324 328 339 331 347 395

Psychology 16,694 17,389 17,629 18,322 19,099 19,975 20,446 21,307 21,579 22,410

Social sciences 51,745 53,785 58,834 62,660 66,270 68,576 69,706 72,423 73,398 75,445Anthropology 2,192 2,272 2,313 2,350 2,362 2,494 2,456 2,733 2,723 2,863Area and ethnic studies 1,904 2,032 2,055 2,163 2,345 2,463 2,561 2,626 2,732 2,663Economics 13,450 14,436 15,773 16,650 17,021 17,043 17,195 18,237 19,282 20,195


Field and sex 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 5-2. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by field and sex: 2001–10

History of science 45 40 49 67 53 46 44 51 48 34Linguistics 245 243 290 330 324 447 461 502 503 558Political science and public administration 17,999 18,822 21,274 23,101 25,130 26,462 27,053 27,734 27,184 27,850Sociology 7,437 7,299 7,558 7,718 8,430 8,548 8,698 8,787 8,707 8,858Other 8,473 8,641 9,522 10,281 10,605 11,073 11,238 11,753 12,219 12,424

Engineering 47,302 47,923 50,809 51,417 52,949 54,889 55,621 56,987 57,850 60,706Aerospace engineering 1,194 1,435 1,633 1,905 1,980 2,252 2,376 2,493 2,600 2,744Chemical engineering 4,033 3,823 3,532 3,352 3,113 3,179 3,338 3,670 3,977 4,543Civil engineering 6,908 6,667 7,118 7,121 7,451 8,241 8,819 9,491 10,032 10,589Electrical engineering 15,817 16,240 17,839 18,331 18,614 17,346 16,438 15,450 14,578 14,550Industrial engineering 2,589 2,636 2,625 2,543 2,666 2,716 2,473 2,557 2,823 3,048Materials engineering 667 648 674 595 624 737 753 878 807 844Mechanical engineering 11,401 11,574 12,170 12,395 12,933 14,050 14,894 15,592 15,671 16,695Other 4,693 4,900 5,218 5,175 5,568 6,368 6,530 6,856 7,362 7,693

Non-S&E 339,650 350,965 359,122 373,727 384,834 398,530 413,696 427,069 440,686 452,245S&E = science and engineering.




Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010All fields 1,260,308 1,308,970 1,365,694 1,417,421 1,456,401 1,502,922 1,541,704 1,580,413 1,619,028 1,668,227

S&E 400,435 415,983 442,755 458,658 470,214 478,858 485,772 496,168 505,435 525,374

Science 341,221 355,378 378,966 393,978 404,062 410,631 417,498 426,260 434,835 450,975


Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 3,968 3,984 3,949 3,903 3,959 3,987 4,077 4,314 4,542 4,802 Atmospheric sciences 456 525 562 572 677 651 745 736 721 691 Earth sciences 3,334 3,234 3,252 3,170 3,146 3,231 3,193 3,453 3,679 3,931 Ocean sciences 178 225 135 161 136 105 139 125 142 180


Physical sciences 14,146 13,997 14,110 14,219 15,005 16,390 17,007 17,652 17,942 18,402 Astronomy 240 276 271 292 331 366 332 346 335 388 Chemistry 9,815 9,439 9,329 9,300 9,923 10,887 11,250 11,832 12,144 12,338 Physics 3,447 3,641 3,913 4,140 4,199 4,566 4,870 4,876 4,842 5,000 Other 644 641 597 487 552 571 555 598 621 676

Psychology 74,124 77,297 79,163 82,606 86,031 88,551 90,498 92,989 94,743 97,746

Social sciences 114,474 119,106 129,735 137,739 144,571 148,114 150,725 155,670 158,178 163,071 Anthropology 6,898 7,198 7,543 7,631 7,742 8,100 8,086 8,853 9,153 9,566 Area and ethnic studies 5,557 5,835 5,745 6,244 6,612 6,975 7,120 7,323 7,598 7,364 Economics 20,371 21,823 23,866 24,927 25,160 24,707 24,825 26,281 27,628 29,090 History of science 101 103 103 140 117 113 114 103 100 110 Linguistics 757 847 914 1,047 1,053 1,201 1,340 1,505 1,478 1,682 Political science and public administration 36,650 38,565 43,796 47,509 51,540 53,589 54,598 55,889 55,319 57,649 Sociology 25,357 25,296 26,200 27,020 28,556 28,541 29,050 28,908 28,836 29,000 Other 18,783 19,439 21,568 23,221 23,791 24,888 25,592 26,808 28,066 28,610

Engineering 59,214 60,605 63,789 64,680 66,152 68,227 68,274 69,908 70,600 74,399 Aerospace engineering 1,498 1,747 2,017 2,318 2,384 2,753 2,828 2,934 3,037 3,207 Chemical engineering 6,088 5,946 5,545 5,185 4,889 4,857 5,081 5,504 5,894 6,692 Civil engineering 8,949 8,891 9,367 9,400 9,800 10,663 11,318 12,243 12,787 13,482 Electrical engineering 18,359 18,957 20,757 21,374 21,459 19,933 18,547 17,357 16,184 16,290 Industrial engineering 3,812 3,977 3,937 3,808 3,936 3,890 3,529 3,566 3,879 4,184 Materials engineering 930 933 950 865 906 1,006 1,025 1,150 1,070 1,138 Mechanical engineering 13,139 13,353 14,029 14,342 14,880 16,163 16,911 17,685 17,643 18,858 Other 6,439 6,801 7,187 7,388 7,898 8,962 9,035 9,469 10,106 10,548

Non-S&E 859,873 892,987 922,939 958,763 986,187 1,024,064 1,055,932 1,084,245 1,113,593 1,142,853

U.S. citizen and permanent residentAll fields 1,220,465 1,267,462 1,322,430 1,372,577 1,411,002 1,456,517 1,495,740 1,536,007 1,573,094 1,620,629

S&E 384,714 399,639 424,857 439,833 451,655 460,604 468,379 479,642 488,380 507,143

Science 329,919 343,300 365,345 379,703 390,243 397,088 404,494 413,914 421,851 437,246





TABLE 5-3. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 5-3. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Psychology 72,841 75,928 77,769 81,131 84,528 86,971 88,939 91,515 93,135 96,052

Social sciences 110,575 115,079 125,372 133,222 139,996 143,284 145,838 150,765 153,010 157,660 Anthropology 6,778 7,084 7,449 7,525 7,627 7,977 7,976 8,729 9,053 9,448 Area and ethnic studies 5,393 5,677 5,585 6,080 6,449 6,800 6,921 7,152 7,363 7,167 Economics 18,548 19,920 21,820 22,758 22,961 22,571 22,691 24,083 25,247 26,372 History of science 98 101 100 140 116 110 110 102 99 109 Linguistics 680 766 834 973 976 1,127 1,281 1,420 1,400 1,607 Political science and public administration 35,501 37,398 42,510 46,202 50,271 52,110 53,181 54,437 53,858 56,176 Sociology 25,099 25,001 25,851 26,693 28,227 28,151 28,652 28,543 28,480 28,633 Other 18,478 19,132 21,223 22,851 23,369 24,438 25,026 26,299 27,510 28,148

Engineering 54,795 56,339 59,512 60,130 61,412 63,516 63,885 65,728 66,529 69,897 Aerospace engineering 1,350 1,625 1,857 2,144 2,213 2,606 2,653 2,783 2,859 2,990 Chemical engineering 5,664 5,499 5,186 4,817 4,478 4,421 4,651 5,040 5,376 6,100 Civil engineering 8,537 8,520 9,018 9,085 9,473 10,321 10,992 11,870 12,419 12,987 Electrical engineering 16,517 17,089 18,703 19,098 19,138 17,757 16,668 15,768 14,759 14,871 Industrial engineering 3,337 3,535 3,535 3,427 3,541 3,462 3,154 3,160 3,510 3,751 Materials engineering 888 904 919 836 866 960 976 1,105 1,006 1,076 Mechanical engineering 12,395 12,670 13,433 13,728 14,233 15,513 16,198 16,971 16,928 18,057 Other 6,107 6,497 6,861 6,995 7,470 8,476 8,593 9,031 9,672 10,065

Non-S&E 835,751 867,823 897,573 932,744 959,347 995,913 1,027,361 1,056,365 1,084,714 1,113,486

WhiteAll fields 890,089 914,692 943,779 967,924 987,957 1,011,497 1,032,791 1,051,236 1,069,016 1,082,145

S&E 267,866 276,403 290,875 297,708 303,321 308,888 312,763 316,982 320,081 326,643

Science 229,143 236,710 249,055 255,870 261,130 265,362 268,783 271,599 274,434 278,666





Psychology 51,545 53,318 54,711 56,576 58,089 59,416 59,761 60,763 60,729 60,764

Social sciences 75,346 77,881 84,150 88,305 91,399 93,288 94,171 96,291 97,111 97,734 Anthropology 5,222 5,380 5,593 5,498 5,586 5,784 5,652 6,134 6,388 6,488 Area and ethnic studies 2,937 3,069 2,948 3,180 3,240 3,374 3,456 3,611 3,687 3,571 Economics 12,414 13,371 14,299 14,656 14,720 14,427 14,496 15,501 16,205 16,386 History of science 57 60 68 100 86 83 73 69 61 69 Linguistics 499 571 598 652 637 771 858 955 909 1,033 Political science and public administration 24,961 26,150 29,565 31,756 33,891 35,058 35,634 35,932 35,254 35,946 Sociology 16,099 15,817 16,283 16,677 17,231 16,963 16,985 16,556 16,413 15,802 Other 13,157 13,463 14,796 15,786 16,008 16,828 17,017 17,533 18,194 18,439

Engineering 38,723 39,693 41,820 41,838 42,191 43,526 43,980 45,383 45,647 47,977 Aerospace engineering 1,058 1,279 1,447 1,629 1,723 2,005 2,017 2,088 2,113 2,155 Chemical engineering 4,061 3,976 3,746 3,483 3,203 3,086 3,210 3,453 3,706 4,169 Civil engineering 6,615 6,624 7,032 7,012 7,196 7,768 8,130 8,750 8,871 9,243 Electrical engineering 9,875 9,968 10,971 10,939 10,868 10,026 9,620 9,207 8,588 8,904 Industrial engineering 2,323 2,429 2,388 2,353 2,353 2,312 2,107 2,148 2,346 2,501 Materials engineering 708 712 701 614 633 671 711 802 710 778 Mechanical engineering 9,520 9,852 10,501 10,730 10,933 11,833 12,266 12,692 12,753 13,420 Other 4,563 4,853 5,034 5,078 5,282 5,825 5,919 6,243 6,560 6,807



Non-S&E 622,223 638,289 652,904 670,216 684,636 702,609 720,028 734,254 748,935 755,502


All fields 75,741 79,482 83,498 86,743 91,482 96,315 99,011 102,301 105,246 109,022

S&E 36,468 37,518 39,944 41,403 43,312 44,475 45,516 47,323 48,348 50,367

Science 29,443 30,398 32,531 33,775 35,101 35,924 37,050 38,980 40,082 41,962

Agricultural sciences 399 411 459 415 448 542 606 632 731 831Biological sciences 7,493 7,209 7,398 7,792 8,835 10,088 11,572 12,866 13,578 14,327Computer sciences 6,395 7,273 8,273 7,668 6,351 4,672 3,581 3,133 2,894 3,015

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86 85 73 85 86 92 106 121 143 158 Atmospheric sciences 14 8 9 11 15 12 17 13 14 15 Earth sciences 64 65 58 65 69 75 82 104 119 133 Ocean sciences 8 12 6 9 2 5 7 4 10 10

Mathematics and statistics 916 1,001 1,153 1,244 1,419 1,447 1,439 1,512 1,565 1,630

Physical sciences 1,344 1,217 1,143 1,229 1,316 1,618 1,802 1,967 2,046 2,117 Astronomy 12 24 16 18 21 37 16 21 27 36 Chemistry 1,126 978 893 960 1,024 1,267 1,420 1,596 1,671 1,726 Physics 184 184 204 223 236 281 327 307 306 310 Other 22 31 30 28 35 33 39 43 42 45

Psychology 4,150 4,241 4,064 4,350 4,797 5,305 5,615 5,931 6,042 6,231

Social sciences 8,660 8,961 9,968 10,992 11,849 12,160 12,329 12,818 13,083 13,653 Anthropology 332 377 396 398 424 496 534 581 599 678 Area and ethnic studies 714 686 671 758 875 879 899 880 932 895 Economics 3,082 3,235 3,708 4,007 4,003 3,913 3,874 3,976 4,218 4,645 History of science 15 20 16 14 11 9 8 11 13 8 Linguistics 69 73 83 105 112 112 136 156 152 187 Political science and public administration 2,228 2,325 2,648 2,903 3,267 3,488 3,539 3,653 3,551 3,640 Sociology 1,300 1,325 1,372 1,596 1,853 1,907 1,908 1,994 1,950 1,992 Other 920 920 1,074 1,211 1,304 1,356 1,431 1,567 1,668 1,608

Engineering 7,025 7,120 7,413 7,628 8,211 8,551 8,466 8,343 8,266 8,405 Aerospace engineering 103 128 145 186 184 223 250 278 294 309 Chemical engineering 702 636 563 527 486 558 652 690 739 888 Civil engineering 521 482 500 493 585 770 908 985 1,111 1,083 Electrical engineering 3,522 3,773 3,967 4,086 4,293 3,840 3,353 2,994 2,561 2,415 Industrial engineering 319 356 386 376 352 362 333 315 360 343 Materials engineering 88 85 91 95 101 166 153 140 137 157 Mechanical engineering 998 892 939 928 1,082 1,249 1,413 1,491 1,489 1,543 Other 772 768 822 937 1,128 1,383 1,404 1,450 1,575 1,667

Non-S&E 39,273 41,964 43,554 45,340 48,170 51,840 53,495 54,978 56,898 58,655

BlackAll fields 106,966 111,330 117,902 123,636 127,978 133,743 137,566 142,576 145,988 152,404

S&E 33,386 34,899 36,961 38,737 39,846 40,108 40,401 41,263 41,822 43,428

Science 30,494 31,917 33,869 35,510 36,640 36,899 37,237 38,162 38,726 40,346



Mathematics and statistics 808 843 790 783 855 847 832 796 842 834

Physical sciences 996 1,018 928 958 965 1,040 1,043 1,084 1,133 1,088 Astronomy 2 3 1 3 4 9 3 6 5 7 Chemistry 827 796 744 756 760 827 852 910 935 893 Physics 133 182 147 166 166 171 163 144 149 143 Other 34 37 36 33 35 33 25 24 44 45



Psychology 7,561 7,748 8,014 8,485 9,141 9,097 9,729 10,271 10,541 11,066

Social sciences 11,574 12,103 12,664 13,471 14,300 14,731 14,628 15,351 15,491 16,166 Anthropology 242 253 258 338 320 337 358 408 435 447 Area and ethnic studies 691 784 749 805 905 1,011 926 1,012 992 927 Economics 1,089 1,221 1,326 1,409 1,377 1,379 1,289 1,380 1,346 1,441 History of science 6 4 6 8 5 4 12 7 8 9 Linguistics 24 25 17 32 33 44 44 57 50 44 Political science and public administration 3,556 3,737 4,059 4,452 4,866 5,099 4,955 5,119 5,188 5,536 Sociology 4,200 4,167 4,214 4,220 4,539 4,627 4,721 4,842 4,761 4,879 Other 1,766 1,912 2,035 2,207 2,255 2,230 2,323 2,526 2,711 2,883

Engineering 2,892 2,982 3,092 3,227 3,206 3,209 3,164 3,101 3,096 3,082 Aerospace engineering 39 43 65 70 71 85 72 84 90 101 Chemical engineering 373 346 317 303 273 231 244 256 256 255 Civil engineering 329 317 292 320 342 324 403 420 441 483 Electrical engineering 1,089 1,103 1,301 1,408 1,331 1,277 1,207 1,135 1,120 1,035 Industrial engineering 238 256 275 251 297 273 252 229 230 262 Materials engineering 27 32 22 22 19 28 22 31 30 27 Mechanical engineering 515 561 471 504 537 569 570 560 539 550 Other 282 324 349 349 336 422 394 386 390 369

Non-S&E 73,580 76,431 80,941 84,899 88,132 93,635 97,165 101,313 104,166 108,976

Hispanicb

All fields 90,232 95,492 101,030 106,388 111,616 118,057 124,787 131,695 137,746 147,205

S&E 28,361 29,935 32,533 33,748 35,662 37,049 38,546 40,877 43,018 46,336

Science 24,346 25,799 28,175 29,265 31,034 32,121 33,584 35,643 37,441 40,388



Mathematics and statistics 625 672 671 678 821 881 946 924 978 1,005

Physical sciences 870 863 861 885 938 989 1,032 1,122 1,169 1,161 Astronomy 16 10 12 23 17 12 18 30 21 33 Chemistry 669 666 669 651 704 739 748 830 879 841 Physics 151 156 164 187 183 206 246 229 235 258 Other 34 31 16 24 34 32 20 33 34 29

Psychology 6,178 6,695 6,828 7,285 7,708 8,236 8,506 8,885 9,615 10,412

Social sciences 8,966 9,628 10,580 11,244 12,358 12,786 13,766 14,605 15,106 16,317 Anthropology 465 494 533 568 578 607 636 723 775 873 Area and ethnic studies 648 688 717 756 827 926 971 972 1,007 1,021 Economics 1,030 1,068 1,188 1,290 1,352 1,423 1,510 1,540 1,616 1,836 History of science 5 7 4 7 6 5 5 2 3 5 Linguistics 45 39 48 71 68 80 101 120 121 141 Political science and public administration 2,925 3,135 3,586 3,872 4,583 4,531 5,105 5,382 5,496 5,768 Sociology 2,291 2,440 2,555 2,665 2,874 2,969 3,150 3,283 3,398 3,746 Other 1,557 1,757 1,949 2,015 2,070 2,245 2,288 2,583 2,690 2,927

Engineering 4,015 4,136 4,358 4,483 4,628 4,928 4,962 5,234 5,577 5,948 Aerospace engineering 92 97 110 121 139 153 172 172 194 232 Chemical engineering 341 353 320 313 333 345 326 375 405 446 Civil engineering 742 761 798 836 888 952 1,006 1,079 1,269 1,338 Electrical engineering 1,301 1,411 1,428 1,564 1,535 1,563 1,521 1,467 1,484 1,404 Industrial engineering 356 372 365 332 364 391 337 326 428 431 Materials engineering 34 33 50 52 59 58 40 58 48 57 Mechanical engineering 880 819 950 935 962 1,050 1,147 1,301 1,183 1,449 Other 269 290 337 330 348 416 413 456 566 591



Non-S&E 61,871 65,557 68,497 72,640 75,954 81,008 86,241 90,818 94,728 100,869


S&E 2,800 2,649 2,909 3,264 3,209 3,341 3,319 3,392 3,564 3,624

Science 2,544 2,341 2,589 2,931 2,860 2,988 3,014 3,048 3,217 3,258

Agricultural sciences 215 158 163 188 161 186 165 172 207 175Biological sciences 431 410 378 417 499 479 531 508 577 550Computer sciences 275 233 278 445 281 274 249 221 213 248



Physical sciences 73 83 94 76 103 102 117 107 134 108 Astronomy 2 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 Chemistry 47 57 71 50 65 73 90 80 94 66 Physics 19 21 17 20 33 24 22 22 32 35 Other 5 3 2 5 2 4 4 4 6 4

Psychology 561 542 545 597 555 597 612 637 632 748

Social sciences 903 832 1,042 1,118 1,160 1,250 1,251 1,302 1,354 1,309 Anthropology 93 85 111 103 98 114 116 106 134 107 Area and ethnic studies 106 121 128 145 134 127 170 166 176 157 Economics 68 65 95 108 95 104 103 104 128 112 History of science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Linguistics 2 2 9 4 12 7 11 9 12 10 Political science and public administration 234 241 288 354 345 397 368 404 375 416 Sociology 225 184 244 228 259 271 249 268 299 267 Other 175 134 167 176 217 230 234 244 229 240

Engineering 256 308 320 333 349 353 305 344 347 366 Aerospace engineering 8 17 10 23 16 14 9 16 19 20 Chemical engineering 31 33 34 29 30 27 25 36 30 37 Civil engineering 65 67 67 64 73 73 75 63 75 77 Electrical engineering 56 70 99 88 84 69 61 81 72 76 Industrial engineering 17 21 12 15 27 17 14 23 18 21 Materials engineering 4 6 3 6 5 8 5 7 5 1 Mechanical engineering 51 61 58 73 72 91 71 81 88 87 Other 24 33 37 35 42 54 45 37 40 47

Non-S&E 5,883 6,095 6,405 6,757 6,495 6,940 7,432 7,376 7,843 7,861


All fields 48,754 57,722 66,907 77,865 82,265 86,624 90,834 97,431 103,691 118,368

S&E 15,833 18,235 21,635 24,973 26,305 26,743 27,834 29,805 31,547 36,745

Science 13,949 16,135 19,126 22,352 23,478 23,794 24,826 26,482 27,951 32,626

Agricultural sciences 620 684 738 713 730 789 863 884 1,016 1,220Biological sciences 2,149 2,390 2,592 2,797 3,041 3,341 3,831 4,329 4,597 5,433Computer sciences 2,099 2,762 3,808 5,378 4,879 4,381 3,742 3,641 3,682 4,085


Mathematics and statistics 452 489 604 667 740 810 830 899 1,000 1,106

Physical sciences 508 586 635 664 737 862 952 1,054 954 1,196 Astronomy 10 17 11 17 32 25 33 21 34 36 Chemistry 311 340 346 384 387 492 554 626 573 705 Physics 163 196 250 240 289 308 344 373 312 411 Other 24 33 28 23 29 37 21 34 35 44



Psychology 2,846 3,384 3,607 3,838 4,238 4,320 4,716 5,028 5,576 6,831

Social sciences 5,126 5,674 6,968 8,092 8,930 9,069 9,693 10,398 10,865 12,481 Anthropology 424 495 558 620 621 639 680 777 722 855 Area and ethnic studies 297 329 372 436 468 483 499 511 569 596 Economics 865 960 1,204 1,288 1,414 1,325 1,419 1,582 1,734 1,952 History of science 15 10 6 11 8 9 12 12 13 18 Linguistics 41 56 79 109 114 113 131 123 156 192 Political science and public administration 1,597 1,810 2,364 2,865 3,319 3,537 3,580 3,947 3,994 4,870 Sociology 984 1,068 1,183 1,307 1,471 1,414 1,639 1,600 1,659 1,947 Other 903 946 1,202 1,456 1,515 1,549 1,733 1,846 2,018 2,051

Engineering 1,884 2,100 2,509 2,621 2,827 2,949 3,008 3,323 3,596 4,119 Aerospace engineering 50 61 80 115 80 126 133 145 149 173 Chemical engineering 156 155 206 162 153 174 194 230 240 305 Civil engineering 265 269 329 360 389 434 470 573 652 763 Electrical engineering 674 764 937 1,013 1,027 982 906 884 934 1,037 Industrial engineering 84 101 109 100 148 107 111 119 128 193 Materials engineering 27 36 52 47 49 29 45 67 76 56 Mechanical engineering 431 485 514 558 647 721 731 846 876 1,008 Other 197 229 282 266 334 376 418 459 541 584

Non-S&E 32,921 39,487 45,272 52,892 55,960 59,881 63,000 67,626 72,144 81,623

Temporary resident All fields 39,843 41,508 43,264 44,844 45,399 46,405 45,964 44,406 45,934 47,598

S&E 15,721 16,344 17,898 18,825 18,559 18,254 17,393 16,526 17,055 18,231

Science 11,302 12,078 13,621 14,275 13,819 13,543 13,004 12,346 12,984 13,729





Psychology 1,283 1,369 1,394 1,475 1,503 1,580 1,559 1,474 1,608 1,694

Social sciences 3,899 4,027 4,363 4,517 4,575 4,830 4,887 4,905 5,168 5,411 Anthropology 120 114 94 106 115 123 110 124 100 118 Area and ethnic studies 164 158 160 164 163 175 199 171 235 197 Economics 1,823 1,903 2,046 2,169 2,199 2,136 2,134 2,198 2,381 2,718 History of science 3 2 3 0 1 3 4 1 1 1 Linguistics 77 81 80 74 77 74 59 85 78 75 Political science and public administration 1,149 1,167 1,286 1,307 1,269 1,479 1,417 1,452 1,461 1,473 Sociology 258 295 349 327 329 390 398 365 356 367 Other 305 307 345 370 422 450 566 509 556 462

Engineering 4,419 4,266 4,277 4,550 4,740 4,711 4,389 4,180 4,071 4,502 Aerospace engineering 148 122 160 174 171 147 175 151 178 217 Chemical engineering 424 447 359 368 411 436 430 464 518 592 Civil engineering 412 371 349 315 327 342 326 373 368 495 Electrical engineering 1,842 1,868 2,054 2,276 2,321 2,176 1,879 1,589 1,425 1,419 Industrial engineering 475 442 402 381 395 428 375 406 369 433



Materials engineering 42 29 31 29 40 46 49 45 64 62 Mechanical engineering 744 683 596 614 647 650 713 714 715 801 Other 332 304 326 393 428 486 442 438 434 483

Non-S&E 24,122 25,164 25,366 26,019 26,840 28,151 28,571 27,880 28,879 29,367



S&E - science and engineering.a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.




All fields 722,887 753,330 786,757 815,833 837,643 866,363 886,311 906,625 927,600 954,891

S&E 202,664 211,308 222,940 230,797 236,290 240,829 244,075 249,449 254,693 264,283

Science 190,752 198,626 209,960 217,534 223,087 227,491 231,422 236,528 241,943 250,590


Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,622 1,702 1,651 1,647 1,660 1,646 1,678 1,755 1,768 1,889Atmospheric sciences 132 151 176 203 241 219 262 263 235 236Earth sciences 1,400 1,446 1,406 1,358 1,351 1,358 1,336 1,430 1,470 1,566Ocean sciences 90 105 69 86 68 69 80 62 63 87


Physical sciences 5,909 5,974 5,879 5,998 6,415 6,953 6,986 7,284 7,451 7,598Astronomy 95 116 110 123 143 131 132 120 146 140Chemistry 4,774 4,723 4,680 4,752 5,144 5,634 5,614 5,909 6,106 6,162Physics 755 824 837 907 900 945 1,024 988 925 1,015Other 285 311 252 216 228 243 216 267 274 281

Psychology 57,430 59,908 61,534 64,284 66,932 68,576 70,052 71,682 73,164 75,336

Social sciences 62,729 65,321 70,901 75,079 78,301 79,538 81,019 83,247 84,780 87,626Anthropology 4,706 4,926 5,230 5,281 5,380 5,606 5,630 6,120 6,430 6,703Area and ethnic studies 3,653 3,803 3,690 4,081 4,267 4,512 4,559 4,697 4,866 4,701Economics 6,921 7,387 8,093 8,277 8,139 7,664 7,630 8,044 8,346 8,895History of science 56 63 54 73 64 67 70 52 52 76Linguistics 512 604 624 717 729 754 879 1,003 975 1,124Political science and public administration 18,651 19,743 22,522 24,408 26,410 27,127 27,545 28,155 28,135 29,799Sociology 17,920 17,997 18,642 19,302 20,126 19,993 20,352 20,121 20,129 20,142Other 10,310 10,798 12,046 12,940 13,186 13,815 14,354 15,055 15,847 16,186

Engineering 11,912 12,682 12,980 13,263 13,203 13,338 12,653 12,921 12,750 13,693Aerospace engineering 304 312 384 413 404 501 452 441 437 463Chemical engineering 2,055 2,123 2,013 1,833 1,776 1,678 1,743 1,834 1,917 2,149Civil engineering 2,041 2,224 2,249 2,279 2,349 2,422 2,499 2,752 2,755 2,893Electrical engineering 2,542 2,717 2,918 3,043 2,845 2,587 2,109 1,907 1,606 1,740Industrial engineering 1,223 1,341 1,312 1,265 1,270 1,174 1,056 1,009 1,056 1,136Materials engineering 263 285 276 270 282 269 272 272 263 294Mechanical engineering 1,738 1,779 1,859 1,947 1,947 2,113 2,017 2,093 1,972 2,163Other 1,746 1,901 1,969 2,213 2,330 2,594 2,505 2,613 2,744 2,855

Non-S&E 520,223 542,022 563,817 585,036 601,353 625,534 642,236 657,176 672,907 690,608


S&E 196,408 204,626 215,648 223,146 228,782 233,061 236,508 242,257 247,132 256,352

Science 185,273 192,696 203,445 210,793 216,539 220,751 224,740 230,147 235,207 243,586




Physical sciences 5,674 5,746 5,658 5,750 6,126 6,616 6,672 6,971 7,117 7,242Astronomy 89 109 102 117 132 128 127 116 136 134

TABLE 5-4. Bachelor's degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 5-4. Bachelor's degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Chemistry 4,594 4,553 4,514 4,568 4,930 5,367 5,376 5,663 5,825 5,863Physics 709 779 793 856 845 891 969 941 890 970Other 282 305 249 209 219 230 200 251 266 275

Psychology 56,417 58,849 60,421 63,114 65,745 67,317 68,835 70,534 71,893 74,008

Social sciences 60,716 63,186 68,596 72,722 75,951 76,963 78,346 80,637 82,063 84,860Anthropology 4,624 4,849 5,161 5,206 5,299 5,515 5,546 6,038 6,357 6,616Area and ethnic studies 3,534 3,696 3,582 3,967 4,163 4,394 4,412 4,585 4,716 4,569Economics 6,193 6,567 7,222 7,384 7,237 6,811 6,783 7,161 7,405 7,764History of science 54 62 52 73 64 65 69 51 51 75Linguistics 452 535 562 657 669 698 830 932 916 1,063Political science and public administration 18,002 19,077 21,793 23,635 25,671 26,235 26,664 27,273 27,247 28,954Sociology 17,725 17,790 18,388 19,076 19,894 19,716 20,072 19,868 19,892 19,893Other 10,132 10,610 11,836 12,724 12,954 13,529 13,970 14,729 15,479 15,926

Engineering 11,135 11,930 12,203 12,353 12,243 12,310 11,768 12,110 11,925 12,766Aerospace engineering 280 291 362 387 382 480 432 421 410 426Chemical engineering 1,941 1,994 1,890 1,713 1,643 1,530 1,582 1,676 1,724 1,957Civil engineering 1,951 2,143 2,179 2,190 2,263 2,325 2,431 2,664 2,666 2,772Electrical engineering 2,271 2,430 2,613 2,689 2,472 2,223 1,814 1,668 1,414 1,513Industrial engineering 1,108 1,235 1,213 1,165 1,152 1,041 950 929 976 1,028Materials engineering 247 279 270 254 272 251 257 257 244 282Mechanical engineering 1,674 1,727 1,791 1,878 1,880 2,033 1,933 2,018 1,891 2,082Other 1,663 1,831 1,885 2,077 2,179 2,427 2,369 2,477 2,600 2,706

Non-S&E 507,674 528,700 550,295 571,047 586,728 610,143 626,352 641,659 656,882 674,361

WhiteAll fields 505,418 519,725 536,812 549,254 559,697 573,494 582,949 591,628 599,871 606,251

S&E 132,675 136,731 142,800 145,688 147,793 150,061 151,190 153,239 154,500 156,912

Science 125,622 129,302 135,152 138,123 140,458 142,593 144,108 145,796 147,173 149,063




Physical sciences 3,817 3,809 3,862 3,809 4,033 4,249 4,274 4,379 4,457 4,569Astronomy 66 85 82 89 89 94 102 94 104 91Chemistry 2,983 2,929 2,966 2,922 3,168 3,338 3,309 3,405 3,518 3,523Physics 548 566 609 634 621 656 706 698 653 746Other 220 229 205 164 155 161 157 182 182 209

Psychology 39,964 41,389 42,494 43,868 44,992 45,713 46,039 46,726 46,605 46,491

Social sciences 39,669 40,692 43,692 45,679 46,838 47,333 47,654 48,393 48,943 49,223Anthropology 3,561 3,671 3,836 3,760 3,836 3,946 3,888 4,197 4,467 4,483Area and ethnic studies 1,906 1,953 1,837 2,011 2,040 2,107 2,153 2,259 2,317 2,198Economics 3,673 3,809 4,036 4,038 4,004 3,782 3,717 4,034 4,158 4,147History of science 30 35 36 52 46 50 43 35 28 48Linguistics 324 392 400 433 433 453 551 616 585 667Political science and public administration 11,878 12,520 14,181 15,115 15,959 16,395 16,599 16,649 16,416 17,079Sociology 11,312 11,159 11,466 11,886 12,016 11,712 11,725 11,308 11,315 10,797Other 6,985 7,153 7,900 8,384 8,504 8,888 8,978 9,295 9,657 9,804

Engineering 7,053 7,429 7,648 7,565 7,335 7,468 7,082 7,443 7,327 7,849Aerospace engineering 216 232 287 282 294 361 305 294 298 287



Chemical engineering 1,229 1,273 1,238 1,130 1,064 941 977 1,017 1,083 1,183Civil engineering 1,402 1,527 1,540 1,552 1,524 1,596 1,629 1,762 1,682 1,818Electrical engineering 1,005 1,008 1,095 1,046 948 851 716 694 598 676Industrial engineering 691 727 749 706 652 623 564 596 582 620Materials engineering 187 194 191 180 191 152 165 179 156 197Mechanical engineering 1,160 1,214 1,291 1,296 1,247 1,401 1,293 1,351 1,304 1,415Other 1,163 1,254 1,257 1,373 1,415 1,543 1,433 1,550 1,624 1,653

Non-S&E 372,743 382,994 394,012 403,566 411,904 423,433 431,759 438,389 445,371 449,339


All fields 41,376 43,547 45,429 47,907 50,476 53,318 54,373 55,980 57,837 59,482

S&E 17,445 18,123 19,013 20,064 21,020 21,980 22,499 23,263 23,986 25,078

Science 15,761 16,269 17,158 18,046 18,967 19,888 20,578 21,405 22,200 23,160

Agricultural sciences 256 250 282 266 297 337 381 375 443 522Biological sciences 4,280 4,325 4,490 4,851 5,505 6,200 6,930 7,463 7,918 8,323Computer sciences 2,067 2,371 2,597 2,319 1,644 1,103 738 597 573 634

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 43 48 29 41 44 43 51 65 72 81Atmospheric sciences 6 4 4 5 7 2 6 6 3 7Earth sciences 36 36 23 31 36 38 40 57 63 68Ocean sciences 1 8 2 5 1 3 5 2 6 6


Physical sciences 657 595 554 601 693 837 903 930 1,003 1,008Astronomy 10 12 5 10 9 14 5 6 9 14Chemistry 590 514 487 526 614 753 792 838 895 903Physics 46 54 54 53 53 53 88 63 77 71Other 11 15 8 12 17 17 18 23 22 20

Psychology 3,106 3,124 2,991 3,299 3,604 3,947 4,111 4,282 4,397 4,510

Social sciences 4,918 5,071 5,664 6,096 6,553 6,744 6,815 7,041 7,146 7,423Anthropology 239 253 288 290 320 375 393 414 441 488Area and ethnic studies 490 473 421 498 573 587 590 595 602 599Economics 1,355 1,427 1,697 1,746 1,664 1,587 1,576 1,579 1,660 1,877History of science 10 14 8 6 5 6 5 4 7 6Linguistics 53 57 65 77 85 82 99 111 110 142Political science and public administration 1,338 1,407 1,597 1,678 1,881 1,993 1,990 2,030 2,008 2,031Sociology 925 925 963 1,103 1,268 1,335 1,317 1,375 1,336 1,336Other 508 515 625 698 757 779 845 933 982 944

Engineering 1,684 1,854 1,855 2,018 2,053 2,092 1,921 1,858 1,786 1,918Aerospace engineering 22 24 21 43 35 44 43 41 30 54Chemical engineering 298 313 261 233 224 230 258 271 273 354Civil engineering 149 171 181 183 229 244 256 293 313 299Electrical engineering 641 739 751 806 769 711 501 450 316 322Industrial engineering 118 144 156 153 131 123 105 75 108 93Materials engineering 31 34 30 28 38 56 56 37 42 50Mechanical engineering 168 149 157 209 226 230 207 209 206 219Other 257 280 298 363 401 454 495 482 498 527

Non-S&E 23,931 25,424 26,416 27,843 29,456 31,338 31,874 32,717 33,851 34,404

BlackAll fields 70,470 74,022 78,679 82,475 85,073 88,757 91,119 93,860 96,227 100,435

S&E 21,368 22,415 23,567 24,762 25,482 25,419 25,764 26,229 26,785 27,576

Science 20,340 21,324 22,504 23,661 24,398 24,433 24,799 25,332 25,927 26,771






Physical sciences 580 611 551 592 586 626 599 634 657 628Astronomy 0 1 1 2 3 4 0 3 0 2Chemistry 513 519 489 510 508 558 548 575 592 582Physics 43 69 41 62 57 49 43 45 43 29Other 24 22 20 18 18 15 8 11 22 15

Psychology 6,004 6,211 6,450 6,911 7,510 7,436 7,969 8,305 8,601 9,009

Social sciences 7,626 8,005 8,373 8,889 9,419 9,541 9,544 9,917 10,094 10,526Anthropology 172 199 198 257 243 253 266 327 333 338Area and ethnic studies 479 510 512 546 598 666 606 659 641 604Economics 527 593 618 655 607 550 506 525 503 518History of science 4 3 3 5 4 3 9 3 4 5Linguistics 20 20 9 30 26 34 29 33 37 33Political science and public administration 2,257 2,411 2,611 2,919 3,216 3,248 3,175 3,275 3,363 3,552Sociology 3,033 3,017 3,072 3,039 3,290 3,363 3,394 3,434 3,409 3,489Other 1,134 1,252 1,350 1,438 1,435 1,424 1,559 1,661 1,804 1,987

Engineering 1,028 1,091 1,063 1,101 1,084 986 965 897 858 805Aerospace engineering 8 9 17 12 10 19 16 20 21 16Chemical engineering 194 190 168 154 152 130 128 122 122 118Civil engineering 114 126 111 133 141 104 138 142 137 139Electrical engineering 324 322 362 379 362 286 261 218 207 184Industrial engineering 118 141 128 123 141 126 89 91 87 96Materials engineering 11 20 9 14 11 14 10 13 13 9Mechanical engineering 134 154 123 138 126 132 139 135 108 101Other 125 129 145 148 141 175 184 156 163 142

Non-S&E 49,102 51,607 55,112 57,713 59,591 63,338 65,355 67,631 69,442 72,859

Hispanicb

All fields 54,777 58,501 62,148 65,403 69,036 73,176 77,313 81,410 84,813 89,789

S&E 15,593 16,763 18,174 18,889 20,069 20,737 21,668 23,051 24,234 26,000

Science 14,631 15,708 17,114 17,777 18,913 19,566 20,482 21,824 22,973 24,654

Agricultural sciences 310 357 386 379 416 395 449 601 576 573Biological sciences 2,791 2,748 3,117 3,021 3,153 3,253 3,420 3,744 3,949 4,356Computer sciences 740 847 1,130 1,061 930 791 630 551 591 590




Psychology 4,782 5,132 5,336 5,685 5,999 6,461 6,691 6,969 7,543 8,170



Social sciences 5,216 5,803 6,385 6,809 7,503 7,687 8,329 8,906 9,206 9,864Anthropology 301 342 372 394 411 429 441 481 554 631Area and ethnic studies 415 462 485 524 561 633 639 656 683 671Economics 328 393 451 465 466 480 531 510 534 590History of science 2 4 3 5 4 1 2 2 2 3Linguistics 29 30 34 46 50 55 65 90 75 96Political science and public administration 1,602 1,718 2,002 2,202 2,621 2,549 2,894 3,105 3,177 3,314Sociology 1,632 1,789 1,872 1,948 2,106 2,134 2,331 2,430 2,499 2,736Other 907 1,065 1,166 1,225 1,284 1,406 1,426 1,632 1,682 1,823

Engineering 962 1,055 1,060 1,112 1,156 1,171 1,186 1,227 1,261 1,346Aerospace engineering 24 16 22 23 26 29 43 34 34 40Chemical engineering 157 153 139 138 147 174 154 170 176 180Civil engineering 198 217 229 233 252 255 275 309 357 353Electrical engineering 206 247 244 297 241 248 233 207 190 179Industrial engineering 157 183 144 150 181 146 155 131 168 174Materials engineering 11 14 23 18 15 17 11 18 14 16Mechanical engineering 139 138 156 144 180 165 179 201 159 213Other 70 87 103 109 114 137 136 157 163 191

Non-S&E 39,184 41,738 43,974 46,514 48,967 52,439 55,645 58,359 60,579 63,789


S&E 1,480 1,466 1,638 1,775 1,762 1,900 1,850 1,824 1,984 1,983

Science 1,416 1,392 1,564 1,685 1,682 1,829 1,783 1,772 1,909 1,906





Psychology 405 417 425 470 424 468 478 487 478 557

Social sciences 526 497 634 687 695 769 734 754 811 788Anthropology 61 61 74 69 70 83 83 68 88 71Area and ethnic studies 60 78 85 88 84 92 106 101 113 105Economics 24 21 36 41 31 28 34 33 45 30History of science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Linguistics 1 2 4 2 8 6 5 5 5 7Political science and public administration 121 121 156 203 168 216 186 208 217 237Sociology 159 137 180 168 191 199 176 200 205 192Other 100 77 99 116 143 145 144 139 138 146

Engineering 64 74 74 90 80 71 67 52 75 77Aerospace engineering 1 2 1 7 4 5 1 3 2 3Chemical engineering 9 12 9 11 14 7 10 10 9 11Civil engineering 26 18 23 17 19 21 19 12 27 13Electrical engineering 8 10 21 20 11 5 9 5 9 12Industrial engineering 4 5 4 9 9 2 5 8 4 5



Materials engineering 1 2 0 2 1 3 0 1 2 0Mechanical engineering 12 17 7 12 14 14 11 7 10 16Other 3 8 9 12 8 14 12 6 12 17

Non-S&E 3,663 3,826 4,030 4,260 4,055 4,445 4,686 4,722 4,908 4,985


All fields 26,898 32,239 37,207 43,119 45,411 48,114 50,570 54,492 58,374 67,788

S&E 7,847 9,128 10,456 11,968 12,656 12,964 13,537 14,651 15,643 18,803

Science 7,503 8,701 9,953 11,501 12,121 12,442 12,990 14,018 15,025 18,032

Agricultural sciences 317 355 370 384 383 428 432 492 555 683Biological sciences 1,260 1,376 1,529 1,681 1,834 2,015 2,239 2,551 2,716 3,208Computer sciences 572 747 954 1,355 1,083 1,024 735 698 758 829




Psychology 2,156 2,576 2,725 2,881 3,216 3,292 3,547 3,765 4,269 5,271

Social sciences 2,761 3,118 3,848 4,562 4,943 4,889 5,270 5,626 5,863 7,036Anthropology 290 323 393 436 419 429 475 551 474 605Area and ethnic studies 184 220 242 300 307 309 318 315 360 392Economics 286 324 384 439 465 384 419 480 505 602History of science 8 6 2 5 5 5 10 7 10 13Linguistics 25 34 50 69 67 68 81 77 104 118Political science and public administration 806 900 1,246 1,518 1,826 1,834 1,820 2,006 2,066 2,741Sociology 664 763 835 932 1,023 973 1,129 1,121 1,128 1,343Other 498 548 696 863 831 887 1,018 1,069 1,216 1,222

Engineering 344 427 503 467 535 522 547 633 618 771Aerospace engineering 9 8 14 20 13 22 24 29 25 26Chemical engineering 54 53 75 47 42 48 55 86 61 111Civil engineering 62 84 95 72 98 105 114 146 150 150Electrical engineering 87 104 140 141 141 122 94 94 94 140Industrial engineering 20 35 32 24 38 21 32 28 27 40Materials engineering 6 15 17 12 16 9 15 9 17 10Mechanical engineering 61 55 57 79 87 91 104 115 104 118Other 45 73 73 72 100 104 109 126 140 176

Non-S&E 19,051 23,111 26,751 31,151 32,755 35,150 37,033 39,841 42,731 48,985


S&E 6,256 6,682 7,292 7,651 7,508 7,768 7,567 7,192 7,561 7,931

Science 5,479 5,930 6,515 6,741 6,548 6,740 6,682 6,381 6,736 7,004

Agricultural sciences 129 149 152 147 157 147 170 123 152 162Biological sciences 856 917 935 1,010 1,244 1,331 1,473 1,433 1,497 1,540Computer sciences 1,060 1,240 1,535 1,489 977 735 534 410 401 402

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 13 26 27 25 36 34 30 33 31 43 Atmospheric sciences 1 2 2 1 4 3 4 2 2 3



Earth sciences 12 21 24 23 28 26 24 30 29 39 Ocean sciences 0 3 1 1 4 5 2 1 0 1



Psychology 1,013 1,059 1,113 1,170 1,187 1,259 1,217 1,148 1,271 1,328

Social sciences 2,013 2,135 2,305 2,357 2,350 2,575 2,673 2,610 2,717 2,766Anthropology 82 77 69 75 81 91 84 82 73 87Area and ethnic studies 119 107 108 114 104 118 147 112 150 132Economics 728 820 871 893 902 853 847 883 941 1,131History of science 2 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 1 1Linguistics 60 69 62 60 60 56 49 71 59 61Political science and public administration 649 666 729 773 739 892 881 882 888 845Sociology 195 207 254 226 232 277 280 253 237 249Other 178 188 210 216 232 286 384 326 368 260

Engineering 777 752 777 910 960 1,028 885 811 825 927Aerospace engineering 24 21 22 26 22 21 20 20 27 37Chemical engineering 114 129 123 120 133 148 161 158 193 192Civil engineering 90 81 70 89 86 97 68 88 89 121Electrical engineering 271 287 305 354 373 364 295 239 192 227Industrial engineering 115 106 99 100 118 133 106 80 80 108Materials engineering 16 6 6 16 10 18 15 15 19 12Mechanical engineering 64 52 68 69 67 80 84 75 81 81Other 83 70 84 136 151 167 136 136 144 149

Non-S&E 12,549 13,322 13,522 13,989 14,625 15,391 15,884 15,517 16,025 16,247S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.



All fields 537,421 555,640 578,937 601,588 618,758 636,559 655,393 673,788 691,428 713,336

S&E 197,771 204,675 219,815 227,861 233,924 238,029 241,697 246,719 250,742 261,091

Science 150,469 156,752 169,006 176,444 180,975 183,140 186,076 189,732 192,892 200,385





Psychology 16,694 17,389 17,629 18,322 19,099 19,975 20,446 21,307 21,579 22,410

Social sciences 51,745 53,785 58,834 62,660 66,270 68,576 69,706 72,423 73,398 75,445 Anthropology 2,192 2,272 2,313 2,350 2,362 2,494 2,456 2,733 2,723 2,863 Area and ethnic studies 1,904 2,032 2,055 2,163 2,345 2,463 2,561 2,626 2,732 2,663 Economics 13,450 14,436 15,773 16,650 17,021 17,043 17,195 18,237 19,282 20,195 History of science 45 40 49 67 53 46 44 51 48 34 Linguistics 245 243 290 330 324 447 461 502 503 558 Political science and public administration 17,999 18,822 21,274 23,101 25,130 26,462 27,053 27,734 27,184 27,850 Sociology 7,437 7,299 7,558 7,718 8,430 8,548 8,698 8,787 8,707 8,858 Other 8,473 8,641 9,522 10,281 10,605 11,073 11,238 11,753 12,219 12,424


Non-S&E 339,650 350,965 359,122 373,727 384,834 398,530 413,696 427,069 440,686 452,245


S&E 188,306 195,013 209,209 216,687 222,873 227,543 231,871 237,385 241,248 250,791

Science 144,646 150,604 161,900 168,910 173,704 176,337 179,754 183,767 186,644 193,660




TABLE 5-5. Bachelor's degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 5-5. Bachelor's degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Psychology 16,424 17,079 17,348 18,017 18,783 19,654 20,104 20,981 21,242 22,044



Non-S&E 328,077 339,123 347,278 361,697 372,619 385,770 401,009 414,706 427,832 439,125

WhiteAll fields 384,671 394,967 406,967 418,670 428,260 438,003 449,842 459,608 469,145 475,894

S&E 135,191 139,672 148,075 152,020 155,528 158,827 161,573 163,743 165,581 169,731

Science 103,521 107,408 113,903 117,747 120,672 122,769 124,675 125,803 127,261 129,603





Psychology 11,581 11,929 12,217 12,708 13,097 13,703 13,722 14,037 14,124 14,273




Engineering 31,670 32,264 34,172 34,273 34,856 36,058 36,898 37,940 38,320 40,128 Aerospace engineering 842 1,047 1,160 1,347 1,429 1,644 1,712 1,794 1,815 1,868 Chemical engineering 2,832 2,703 2,508 2,353 2,139 2,145 2,233 2,436 2,623 2,986 Civil engineering 5,213 5,097 5,492 5,460 5,672 6,172 6,501 6,988 7,189 7,425 Electrical engineering 8,870 8,960 9,876 9,893 9,920 9,175 8,904 8,513 7,990 8,228 Industrial engineering 1,632 1,702 1,639 1,647 1,701 1,689 1,543 1,552 1,764 1,881 Materials engineering 521 518 510 434 442 519 546 623 554 581 Mechanical engineering 8,360 8,638 9,210 9,434 9,686 10,432 10,973 11,341 11,449 12,005 Other 3,400 3,599 3,777 3,705 3,867 4,282 4,486 4,693 4,936 5,154

Non-S&E 249,480 255,295 258,892 266,650 272,732 279,176 288,269 295,865 303,564 306,163


All fields 34,365 35,935 38,069 38,836 41,006 42,997 44,638 46,321 47,409 49,540

S&E 19,023 19,395 20,931 21,339 22,292 22,495 23,017 24,060 24,362 25,289

Science 13,682 14,129 15,373 15,729 16,134 16,036 16,472 17,575 17,882 18,802




Physical sciences 687 622 589 628 623 781 899 1,037 1,043 1,109 Astronomy 2 12 11 8 12 23 11 15 18 22 Chemistry 536 464 406 434 410 514 628 758 776 823 Physics 138 130 150 170 183 228 239 244 229 239 Other 11 16 22 16 18 16 21 20 20 25

Psychology 1,044 1,117 1,073 1,051 1,193 1,358 1,504 1,649 1,645 1,721

Social sciences 3,742 3,890 4,304 4,896 5,296 5,416 5,514 5,777 5,937 6,230 Anthropology 93 124 108 108 104 121 141 167 158 190 Area and ethnic studies 224 213 250 260 302 292 309 285 330 296 Economics 1,727 1,808 2,011 2,261 2,339 2,326 2,298 2,397 2,558 2,768 History of science 5 6 8 8 6 3 3 7 6 2 Linguistics 16 16 18 28 27 30 37 45 42 45 Political science and public administration 890 918 1,051 1,225 1,386 1,495 1,549 1,623 1,543 1,609 Sociology 375 400 409 493 585 572 591 619 614 656 Other 412 405 449 513 547 577 586 634 686 664

Engineering 5,341 5,266 5,558 5,610 6,158 6,459 6,545 6,485 6,480 6,487 Aerospace engineering 81 104 124 143 149 179 207 237 264 255 Chemical engineering 404 323 302 294 262 328 394 419 466 534 Civil engineering 372 311 319 310 356 526 652 692 798 784 Electrical engineering 2,881 3,034 3,216 3,280 3,524 3,129 2,852 2,544 2,245 2,093 Industrial engineering 201 212 230 223 221 239 228 240 252 250 Materials engineering 57 51 61 67 63 110 97 103 95 107 Mechanical engineering 830 743 782 719 856 1,019 1,206 1,282 1,283 1,324 Other 515 488 524 574 727 929 909 968 1,077 1,140

Non-S&E 15,342 16,540 17,138 17,497 18,714 20,502 21,621 22,261 23,047 24,251

BlackAll fields 36,496 37,308 39,223 41,161 42,905 44,986 46,447 48,716 49,761 51,969

S&E 12,018 12,484 13,394 13,975 14,364 14,689 14,637 15,034 15,037 15,852



Science 10,154 10,593 11,365 11,849 12,242 12,466 12,438 12,830 12,799 13,575





Psychology 1,557 1,537 1,564 1,574 1,631 1,661 1,760 1,966 1,940 2,057

Social sciences 3,948 4,098 4,291 4,582 4,881 5,190 5,084 5,434 5,397 5,640 Anthropology 70 54 60 81 77 84 92 81 102 109 Area and ethnic studies 212 274 237 259 307 345 320 353 351 323 Economics 562 628 708 754 770 829 783 855 843 923 History of science 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 4 4 Linguistics 4 5 8 2 7 10 15 24 13 11 Political science and public administration 1,299 1,326 1,448 1,533 1,650 1,851 1,780 1,844 1,825 1,984 Sociology 1,167 1,150 1,142 1,181 1,249 1,264 1,327 1,408 1,352 1,390 Other 632 660 685 769 820 806 764 865 907 896

Engineering 1,864 1,891 2,029 2,126 2,122 2,223 2,199 2,204 2,238 2,277 Aerospace engineering 31 34 48 58 61 66 56 64 69 85 Chemical engineering 179 156 149 149 121 101 116 134 134 137 Civil engineering 215 191 181 187 201 220 265 278 304 344 Electrical engineering 765 781 939 1,029 969 991 946 917 913 851 Industrial engineering 120 115 147 128 156 147 163 138 143 166 Materials engineering 16 12 13 8 8 14 12 18 17 18 Mechanical engineering 381 407 348 366 411 437 431 425 431 449 Other 157 195 204 201 195 247 210 230 227 227

Non-S&E 24,478 24,824 25,829 27,186 28,541 30,297 31,810 33,682 34,724 36,117

Hispanicb

All fields 35,455 36,991 38,882 40,985 42,580 44,881 47,474 50,285 52,933 57,416

S&E 12,768 13,172 14,359 14,859 15,593 16,312 16,878 17,826 18,784 20,336

Science 9,715 10,091 11,061 11,488 12,121 12,555 13,102 13,819 14,468 15,734







Psychology 1,396 1,563 1,492 1,600 1,709 1,775 1,815 1,916 2,072 2,242

Social sciences 3,750 3,825 4,195 4,435 4,855 5,099 5,437 5,699 5,900 6,453 Anthropology 164 152 161 174 167 178 195 242 221 242 Area and ethnic studies 233 226 232 232 266 293 332 316 324 350 Economics 702 675 737 825 886 943 979 1,030 1,082 1,246 History of science 3 3 1 2 2 4 3 0 1 2 Linguistics 16 9 14 25 18 25 36 30 46 45 Political science and public administration 1,323 1,417 1,584 1,670 1,962 1,982 2,211 2,277 2,319 2,454 Sociology 659 651 683 717 768 835 819 853 899 1,010 Other 650 692 783 790 786 839 862 951 1,008 1,104

Engineering 3,053 3,081 3,298 3,371 3,472 3,757 3,776 4,007 4,316 4,602 Aerospace engineering 68 81 88 98 113 124 129 138 160 192 Chemical engineering 184 200 181 175 186 171 172 205 229 266 Civil engineering 544 544 569 603 636 697 731 770 912 985 Electrical engineering 1,095 1,164 1,184 1,267 1,294 1,315 1,288 1,260 1,294 1,225 Industrial engineering 199 189 221 182 183 245 182 195 260 257 Materials engineering 23 19 27 34 44 41 29 40 34 41 Mechanical engineering 741 681 794 791 782 885 968 1,100 1,024 1,236 Other 199 203 234 221 234 279 277 299 403 400

Non-S&E 22,687 23,819 24,523 26,126 26,987 28,569 30,596 32,459 34,149 37,080


S&E 1,320 1,183 1,271 1,489 1,447 1,441 1,469 1,568 1,580 1,641

Science 1,128 949 1,025 1,246 1,178 1,159 1,231 1,276 1,308 1,352





Psychology 156 125 120 127 131 129 134 150 154 191

Social sciences 377 335 408 431 465 481 517 548 543 521 Anthropology 32 24 37 34 28 31 33 38 46 36 Area and ethnic studies 46 43 43 57 50 35 64 65 63 52 Economics 44 44 59 67 64 76 69 71 83 82 History of science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Linguistics 1 0 5 2 4 1 6 4 7 3 Political science and public administration 113 120 132 151 177 181 182 196 158 179 Sociology 66 47 64 60 68 72 73 68 94 75 Other 75 57 68 60 74 85 90 105 91 94

Engineering 192 234 246 243 269 282 238 292 272 289 Aerospace engineering 7 15 9 16 12 9 8 13 17 17 Chemical engineering 22 21 25 18 16 20 15 26 21 26 Civil engineering 39 49 44 47 54 52 56 51 48 64 Electrical engineering 48 60 78 68 73 64 52 76 63 64



Industrial engineering 13 16 8 6 18 15 9 15 14 16 Materials engineering 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 6 3 1 Mechanical engineering 39 44 51 61 58 77 60 74 78 71 Other 21 25 28 23 34 40 33 31 28 30

Non-S&E 2,220 2,269 2,375 2,497 2,440 2,495 2,746 2,654 2,935 2,876


All fields 21,856 25,483 29,700 34,746 36,854 38,510 40,264 42,939 45,317 50,580

S&E 7,986 9,107 11,179 13,005 13,649 13,779 14,297 15,154 15,904 17,942

Science 6,446 7,434 9,173 10,851 11,357 11,352 11,836 12,464 12,926 14,594

Agricultural sciences 303 329 368 329 347 361 431 392 461 537Biological sciences 889 1,014 1,063 1,116 1,207 1,326 1,592 1,778 1,881 2,225Computer sciences 1,527 2,015 2,854 4,023 3,796 3,357 3,007 2,943 2,924 3,256




Psychology 690 808 882 957 1,022 1,028 1,169 1,263 1,307 1,560

Social sciences 2,365 2,556 3,120 3,530 3,987 4,180 4,423 4,772 5,002 5,445 Anthropology 134 172 165 184 202 210 205 226 248 250 Area and ethnic studies 113 109 130 136 161 174 181 196 209 204 Economics 579 636 820 849 949 941 1,000 1,102 1,229 1,350 History of science 7 4 4 6 3 4 2 5 3 5 Linguistics 16 22 29 40 47 45 50 46 52 74 Political science and public administration 791 910 1,118 1,347 1,493 1,703 1,760 1,941 1,928 2,129 Sociology 320 305 348 375 448 441 510 479 531 604 Other 405 398 506 593 684 662 715 777 802 829

Engineering 1,540 1,673 2,006 2,154 2,292 2,427 2,461 2,690 2,978 3,348 Aerospace engineering 41 53 66 95 67 104 109 116 124 147 Chemical engineering 102 102 131 115 111 126 139 144 179 194 Civil engineering 203 185 234 288 291 329 356 427 502 613 Electrical engineering 587 660 797 872 886 860 812 790 840 897 Industrial engineering 64 66 77 76 110 86 79 91 101 153 Materials engineering 21 21 35 35 33 20 30 58 59 46 Mechanical engineering 370 430 457 479 560 630 627 731 772 890 Other 152 156 209 194 234 272 309 333 401 408

Non-S&E 13,870 16,376 18,521 21,741 23,205 24,731 25,967 27,785 29,413 32,638


S&E 9,465 9,662 10,606 11,174 11,051 10,486 9,826 9,334 9,494 10,300

Science 5,823 6,148 7,106 7,534 7,271 6,803 6,322 5,965 6,248 6,725

Agricultural sciences 119 113 118 104 117 119 112 105 91 127Biological sciences 580 538 603 641 723 788 860 897 932 1,015Computer sciences 2,345 2,669 3,319 3,571 3,014 2,364 1,899 1,394 1,418 1,465






Psychology 270 310 281 305 316 321 342 326 337 366

Social sciences 1,886 1,892 2,058 2,160 2,225 2,255 2,214 2,295 2,451 2,645 Anthropology 38 37 25 31 34 32 26 42 27 31 Area and ethnic studies 45 51 52 50 59 57 52 59 85 65 Economics 1,095 1,083 1,175 1,276 1,297 1,283 1,287 1,315 1,440 1,587 History of science 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 Linguistics 17 12 18 14 17 18 10 14 19 14 Political science and public administration 500 501 557 534 530 587 536 570 573 628 Sociology 63 88 95 101 97 113 118 112 119 118 Other 127 119 135 154 190 164 182 183 188 202

Engineering 3,642 3,514 3,500 3,640 3,780 3,683 3,504 3,369 3,246 3,575Aerospace engineering 124 101 138 148 149 126 155 131 151 180Chemical engineering 310 318 236 248 278 288 269 306 325 400Civil engineering 322 290 279 226 241 245 258 285 279 374Electrical engineering 1,571 1,581 1,749 1,922 1,948 1,812 1,584 1,350 1,233 1,192Industrial engineering 360 336 303 281 277 295 269 326 289 325Materials engineering 26 23 25 13 30 28 34 30 45 50Mechanical engineering 680 631 528 545 580 570 629 639 634 720Other 249 234 242 257 277 319 306 302 290 334

Non-S&E 11,573 11,842 11,844 12,030 12,215 12,760 12,687 12,363 12,854 13,120S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.


(Percent)Field and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

WhiteAll fields 72.9 72.2 71.4 70.5 70.0 69.4 69.0 68.4 68.0 66.8

S&E 69.6 69.2 68.5 67.7 67.2 67.1 66.8 66.1 65.5 64.4

Science 69.5 69.0 68.2 67.4 66.9 66.8 66.4 65.6 65.1 63.7

Agricultural sciences 86.8 86.1 85.7 85.5 85.2 84.4 83.4 82.2 81.8 81.0Biological sciences 68.1 68.4 67.6 67.3 66.3 65.6 64.6 62.9 62.2 62.0Computer sciences 61.3 60.5 58.5 57.2 58.8 60.0 62.3 62.5 62.8 62.0

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 87.7 87.9 88.4 86.6 86.8 85.9 86.4 84.0 83.4 82.6 Atmospheric sciences 87.0 90.0 89.0 89.3 89.5 89.0 89.9 87.4 85.6 85.5 Earth sciences 87.8 88.1 88.5 86.1 86.4 85.4 85.6 83.3 83.1 82.1 Ocean sciences 86.4 80.1 83.6 87.4 80.9 82.8 87.6 83.9 78.9 80.9

Mathematics and statistics 74.1 74.1 73.2 73.7 72.2 72.1 72.3 72.1 71.0 70.6

Physical sciences 72.1 72.0 73.1 72.0 71.7 70.5 69.6 68.4 68.3 67.8 Astronomy 81.5 78.5 82.8 78.0 75.2 76.2 77.7 76.1 72.4 69.3 Chemistry 68.6 68.8 69.8 68.7 69.1 67.4 66.1 64.4 64.3 64.1 Physics 80.1 78.7 79.1 78.8 77.3 77.1 76.3 76.9 77.7 75.7 Other 80.7 78.3 80.8 74.6 73.1 73.7 78.2 74.3 72.0 74.0

Psychology 70.8 70.2 70.4 69.7 68.7 68.3 67.2 66.4 65.2 63.9

Social sciences 68.1 67.7 67.1 66.3 65.3 65.1 64.6 63.9 63.5 62.0 Anthropology 77.0 75.9 75.1 73.1 73.2 72.5 70.9 70.3 70.6 68.7 Area and ethnic studies 54.5 54.1 52.8 52.3 50.2 49.6 49.9 50.5 50.1 49.8 Economics 66.9 67.1 65.5 64.4 64.1 63.9 63.9 64.4 64.2 62.1 History of science 58.2 59.4 68.0 71.4 74.1 75.5 66.4 67.6 61.6 63.3 Linguistics 73.4 74.5 71.7 67.0 65.3 68.4 67.0 67.3 64.9 64.3 Political science and public administration 70.3 69.9 69.5 68.7 67.4 67.3 67.0 66.0 65.5 64.0 Sociology 64.1 63.3 63.0 62.5 61.0 60.3 59.3 58.0 57.6 55.2 Other 71.2 70.4 69.7 69.1 68.5 68.9 68.0 66.7 66.1 65.5

Engineering 70.7 70.5 70.3 69.6 68.7 68.5 68.8 69.0 68.6 68.6 Aerospace engineering 78.4 78.7 77.9 76.0 77.9 76.9 76.0 75.0 73.9 72.1 Chemical engineering 71.7 72.3 72.2 72.3 71.5 69.8 69.0 68.5 68.9 68.3 Civil engineering 77.5 77.7 78.0 77.2 76.0 75.3 74.0 73.7 71.4 71.2 Electrical engineering 59.8 58.3 58.7 57.3 56.8 56.5 57.7 58.4 58.2 59.9 Industrial engineering 69.6 68.7 67.6 68.7 66.5 66.8 66.8 68.0 66.8 67.3 Materials engineering 79.7 78.8 76.3 73.4 73.1 69.9 72.8 72.6 70.6 72.3 Mechanical engineering 76.8 77.8 78.2 78.2 76.8 76.3 75.7 74.8 75.3 74.3 Other 74.7 74.7 73.4 72.6 70.7 68.7 68.9 69.1 67.8 67.6

Non-S&E 74.5 73.6 72.7 71.9 71.4 70.5 70.1 69.5 69.0 67.9


All fields 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7

S&E 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.9 9.9

Science 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.6




TABLE 5-6. Racial/ethnic distribution of bachelor's degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10





Psychology 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.6



Non-S&E 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3

BlackAll fields 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4

S&E 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6

Science 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2





Psychology 10.4 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.8 10.5 10.9 11.2 11.3 11.6

Social sciences 10.5 10.5 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.0 10.2 10.1 10.2 Anthropology 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.7 Area and ethnic studies 12.8 13.8 13.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 13.4 14.1 13.5 12.9 Economics 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.5 History of science 6.1 4.0 6.0 5.7 4.3 3.6 10.9 6.9 8.1 8.3 Linguistics 3.5 3.3 2.0 3.3 3.4 3.9 3.4 4.0 3.6 2.7




Political science and public administration 10.0 10.0 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.9 Sociology 16.7 16.7 16.3 15.8 16.1 16.4 16.5 17.0 16.7 17.0 Other 9.6 10.0 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.1 9.3 9.6 9.9 10.0


Non-S&E 8.8 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.8

Hispanicb

All fields 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.8 9.1

S&E 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.8 9.1

Science 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2





Psychology 8.5 8.8 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.5 9.6 9.7 10.3 11.0



Non-S&E 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.6 8.7 9.1




American Indian or Alaska NativeAll fields 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

S&E 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Science 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7





Psychology 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8



Non-S&E 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7


All fields 4.0 4.6 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.6 7.3

S&E 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.5 7.2

Science 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.6 7.5








Psychology 3.9 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.5 6.0 7.2



Non-S&E 3.9 4.6 5.0 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.3S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.


Race/ethnicity, citizenship, and sex All fields S&E All sciencesAgricultural

sciences Biological

sciences Computer

sciences

Earth, atmospheric

and ocean sciences

Mathematics and statistics

Physical sciences Psychology

Social sciences Engineering Non-S&E

All recipients 1,668,227 525,374 450,975 20,400 89,615 40,107 4,802 16,832 18,402 97,746 163,071 74,399 1,142,853U.S. citizen and permanent resident 1,620,629 507,143 437,246 20,111 87,060 38,240 4,698 15,824 17,601 96,052 157,660 69,897 1,113,486

White 1,082,145 326,643 278,666 16,291 53,192 23,702 3,879 11,173 11,931 60,764 97,734 47,977 755,502Asian or Pacific Islandera 109,022 50,367 41,962 831 14,327 3,015 158 1,630 2,117 6,231 13,653 8,405 58,655Black 152,404 43,428 40,346 595 6,434 4,066 97 834 1,088 11,066 16,166 3,082 108,976Hispanicb 147,205 46,336 40,388 999 7,124 3,124 246 1,005 1,161 10,412 16,317 5,948 100,869American Indian or Alaska Native 11,485 3,624 3,258 175 550 248 44 76 108 748 1,309 366 7,861Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 118,368 36,745 32,626 1,220 5,433 4,085 274 1,106 1,196 6,831 12,481 4,119 81,623

Temporary resident 47,598 18,231 13,729 289 2,555 1,867 104 1,008 801 1,694 5,411 4,502 29,367

Female 954,891 264,283 250,590 10,709 52,878 7,306 1,889 7,248 7,598 75,336 87,626 13,693 690,608U.S. citizen and permanent resident 930,713 256,352 243,586 10,547 51,338 6,904 1,846 6,841 7,242 74,008 84,860 12,766 674,361

White 606,251 156,912 149,063 8,337 30,627 3,493 1,464 4,859 4,569 46,491 49,223 7,849 449,339Asian or Pacific Islandera 59,482 25,078 23,160 522 8,323 634 81 659 1,008 4,510 7,423 1,918 34,404Black 100,435 27,576 26,771 351 4,501 1,295 39 422 628 9,009 10,526 805 72,859Hispanicb 89,789 26,000 24,654 573 4,356 590 127 411 563 8,170 9,864 1,346 63,789American Indian or Alaska Native 6,968 1,983 1,906 81 323 63 16 35 43 557 788 77 4,985Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 67,788 18,803 18,032 683 3,208 829 119 455 431 5,271 7,036 771 48,985

Temporary resident 24,178 7,931 7,004 162 1,540 402 43 407 356 1,328 2,766 927 16,247

Male 713,336 261,091 200,385 9,691 36,737 32,801 2,913 9,584 10,804 22,410 75,445 60,706 452,245U.S. citizen and permanent resident 689,916 250,791 193,660 9,564 35,722 31,336 2,852 8,983 10,359 22,044 72,800 57,131 439,125

White 475,894 169,731 129,603 7,954 22,565 20,209 2,415 6,314 7,362 14,273 48,511 40,128 306,163Asian or Pacific Islandera 49,540 25,289 18,802 309 6,004 2,381 77 971 1,109 1,721 6,230 6,487 24,251Black 51,969 15,852 13,575 244 1,933 2,771 58 412 460 2,057 5,640 2,277 36,117Hispanicb 57,416 20,336 15,734 426 2,768 2,534 119 594 598 2,242 6,453 4,602 37,080American Indian or Alaska Native 4,517 1,641 1,352 94 227 185 28 41 65 191 521 289 2,876Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 50,580 17,942 14,594 537 2,225 3,256 155 651 765 1,560 5,445 3,348 32,638

Temporary resident 23,420 10,300 6,725 127 1,015 1,465 61 601 445 366 2,645 3,575 13,120

FemaleAll recipients 57.2 50.3 55.6 52.5 59.0 18.2 39.3 43.1 41.3 77.1 53.7 18.4 60.4

U.S. citizen and permanent resident 57.4 50.5 55.7 52.4 59.0 18.1 39.3 43.2 41.1 77.0 53.8 18.3 60.6White 56.0 48.0 53.5 51.2 57.6 14.7 37.7 43.5 38.3 76.5 50.4 16.4 59.5Asian or Pacific Islandera 54.6 49.8 55.2 62.8 58.1 21.0 51.3 40.4 47.6 72.4 54.4 22.8 58.7Black 65.9 63.5 66.4 59.0 70.0 31.8 40.2 50.6 57.7 81.4 65.1 26.1 66.9Hispanicb 61.0 56.1 61.0 57.4 61.1 18.9 51.6 40.9 48.5 78.5 60.5 22.6 63.2

Percent

Number

ScienceTABLE 5-7. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and field: 2010

80w

ww


pd/

Race/ethnicity, citizenship, and sex All fields S&E All sciencesAgricultural

sciences Biological

sciences Computer

sciences

Earth, atmospheric

and ocean sciences



Social sciences Engineering Non-S&E

ScienceTABLE 5-7. Bachelor's degrees awarded, by race/ethnicity, citizenship, sex, and field: 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native 60.7 54.7 58.5 46.3 58.7 25.4 36.4 46.1 39.8 74.5 60.2 21.0 63.4Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 57.3 51.2 55.3 56.0 59.0 20.3 43.4 41.1 36.0 77.2 56.4 18.7 60.0

Temporary resident 50.8 43.5 51.0 56.1 60.3 21.5 41.3 40.4 44.4 78.4 51.1 20.6 55.3


NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizen and permanent residents only. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.


c Includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used the optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.

b Includes Hispanic of one or more races.


Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 201381

Institution type and field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All institutionsAll fields 106,966 111,330 117,902 123,636 127,978 133,743 137,566 142,576 145,988 152,404

S&E 33,386 34,899 36,961 38,737 39,846 40,108 40,401 41,263 41,822 43,428Science 30,494 31,917 33,869 35,510 36,640 36,899 37,237 38,162 38,726 40,346

Agricultural sciences 428 454 452 450 444 485 481 557 510 595Biological sciences 4,693 4,632 4,878 5,039 5,052 5,366 5,857 6,003 6,253 6,434Computer sciences 4,378 5,057 6,083 6,259 5,815 5,275 4,588 4,011 3,868 4,066Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 56 62 60 65 68 58 79 89 88 97Mathematical sciences 808 843 790 783 855 847 832 796 842 834Physical sciences 996 1,018 928 958 965 1,040 1,043 1,084 1,133 1,088Psychology 7,561 7,748 8,014 8,485 9,141 9,097 9,729 10,271 10,541 11,066Social sciences 11,574 12,103 12,664 13,471 14,300 14,731 14,628 15,351 15,491 16,166

Engineering 2,892 2,982 3,092 3,227 3,206 3,209 3,164 3,101 3,096 3,082Non-S&E 73,580 76,431 80,941 84,899 88,132 93,635 97,165 101,313 104,166 108,976

HBCUsAll fields 25,142 25,166 26,075 26,488 26,443 26,613 26,636 27,120 26,997 26,879

S&E 8,682 8,607 8,720 8,898 8,765 8,598 8,562 8,393 8,374 8,343Science 8,013 7,940 8,070 8,248 8,056 7,959 7,914 7,825 7,736 7,724

Agricultural sciences 198 229 218 189 183 218 185 211 192 221Biological sciences 1,943 1,823 1,741 1,805 1,749 1,731 1,871 1,805 1,859 1,869Computer sciences 1,220 1,274 1,487 1,563 1,409 1,182 969 723 719 716Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 7 4 7 8 11 6 9 9 9 12Mathematical sciences 345 339 302 289 277 278 281 244 248 271Physical sciences 464 427 374 378 360 367 390 371 440 398Psychology 1,677 1,685 1,753 1,816 1,848 1,919 1,958 2,067 1,973 2,013Social sciences 2,159 2,159 2,188 2,200 2,219 2,258 2,251 2,395 2,296 2,224

Engineering 669 667 650 650 709 639 648 568 638 619Non-S&E 16,460 16,559 17,355 17,590 17,678 18,015 18,074 18,727 18,623 18,536

HBCUsAll fields 23.5 22.6 22.1 21.4 20.7 19.9 19.4 19.0 18.5 17.6

S&E 26.0 24.7 23.6 23.0 22.0 21.4 21.2 20.3 20.0 19.2Science 26.3 24.9 23.8 23.2 22.0 21.6 21.3 20.5 20.0 19.1

Agricultural sciences 46.3 50.4 48.2 42.0 41.2 44.9 38.5 37.9 37.6 37.1Biological sciences 41.4 39.4 35.7 35.8 34.6 32.3 31.9 30.1 29.7 29.0Computer sciences 27.9 25.2 24.4 25.0 24.2 22.4 21.1 18.0 18.6 17.6Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12.5 6.5 11.7 12.3 16.2 10.3 11.4 10.1 10.2 12.3Mathematical sciences 42.7 40.2 38.2 36.9 32.4 32.8 33.8 30.7 29.5 32.5Physical sciences 46.6 41.9 40.3 39.5 37.3 35.3 37.4 34.2 38.8 36.6Psychology 22.2 21.7 21.9 21.4 20.2 21.1 20.1 20.1 18.7 18.2Social sciences 18.7 17.8 17.3 16.3 15.5 15.3 15.4 15.6 14.8 13.8

Engineering 23.1 22.4 21.0 20.1 22.1 19.9 20.5 18.3 20.6 20.1Non-S&E 22.4 21.7 21.4 20.7 20.1 19.2 18.6 18.5 17.9 17.0



TABLE 5-8. Bachelor's degrees awarded by all institutions and by HBCUs to black U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10

HBCUs = historically black colleges and universities; S&E = science and engineering.

Number

Percent



All institutionsAll fields 90,232 95,492 101,030 106,388 111,616 118,057 124,787 131,695 137,746 147,205S&E 28,361 29,935 32,533 33,748 35,662 37,049 38,546 40,877 43,018 46,336

Science 24,346 25,799 28,175 29,265 31,034 32,121 33,584 35,643 37,441 40,388Agricultural sciences 607 662 686 673 710 651 776 997 969 999Biological sciences 4,547 4,367 4,840 4,611 4,819 5,084 5,453 5,995 6,384 7,124Computer sciences 2,396 2,776 3,590 3,758 3,529 3,351 2,970 2,923 2,999 3,124Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 157 136 119 131 151 143 135 192 221 246Mathematical sciences 625 672 671 678 821 881 946 924 978 1,005Physical sciences 870 863 861 885 938 989 1,032 1,122 1,169 1,161Psychology 6,178 6,695 6,828 7,285 7,708 8,236 8,506 8,885 9,615 10,412Social sciences 8,966 9,628 10,580 11,244 12,358 12,786 13,766 14,605 15,106 16,317


HHEsAll fields 36,794 39,725 41,546 42,891 43,387 45,583 47,608 48,621 49,269 50,958

S&E 10,116 10,669 11,570 11,449 11,778 12,184 12,581 13,022 13,282 14,021Science 8,412 8,916 9,732 9,605 9,820 10,144 10,562 10,946 11,160 11,817

Agricultural sciences 239 241 240 235 246 237 279 425 297 261Biological sciences 2,060 2,027 2,247 1,892 1,864 1,983 2,059 2,178 2,306 2,544Computer sciences 740 762 1,044 1,057 993 1,004 850 803 861 906Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 43 31 24 46 32 36 32 48 47 58Mathematical sciences 213 259 238 230 277 294 351 338 300 313Physical sciences 458 453 434 439 427 485 467 467 489 451Psychology 2,213 2,471 2,548 2,692 2,743 2,850 2,926 2,989 3,148 3,500Social sciences 2,446 2,672 2,957 3,014 3,238 3,255 3,598 3,698 3,712 3,784


HHEsAll fields 40.8 41.6 41.1 40.3 38.9 38.6 38.2 36.9 35.8 34.6

S&E 35.7 35.6 35.6 33.9 33.0 32.9 32.6 31.9 30.9 30.3Science 34.6 34.6 34.5 32.8 31.6 31.6 31.4 30.7 29.8 29.3

Agricultural sciences 39.4 36.4 35.0 34.9 34.6 36.4 36.0 42.6 30.7 26.1Biological sciences 45.3 46.4 46.4 41.0 38.7 39.0 37.8 36.3 36.1 35.7Computer sciences 30.9 27.4 29.1 28.1 28.1 30.0 28.6 27.5 28.7 29.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 27.4 22.8 20.2 35.1 21.2 25.2 23.7 25.0 21.3 23.6Mathematical sciences 34.1 38.5 35.5 33.9 33.7 33.4 37.1 36.6 30.7 31.1Physical sciences 52.6 52.5 50.4 49.6 45.5 49.0 45.3 41.6 41.8 38.8Psychology 35.8 36.9 37.3 37.0 35.6 34.6 34.4 33.6 32.7 33.6Social sciences 27.3 27.8 27.9 26.8 26.2 25.5 26.1 25.3 24.6 23.2

Engineering 42.4 42.4 42.2 41.1 42.3 41.4 40.7 39.7 38.0 37.1Non-S&E 43.1 44.3 43.8 43.3 41.6 41.2 40.6 39.2 38.0 36.6

Number

Percent

TABLE 5-9. Bachelor's degrees awarded by all institutions and by HHEs to Hispanic U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10

HHEs = high-Hispanic-enrollment institutions; S&E = science and engineering.

NOTES: Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions. HHEs are defined by U.S. Department of Education as nonprofit public and private institutions of higher education whose full-time equivalent enrollment of undergraduate students is at least 25% Hispanic, according to data that institutions reported in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Fall 2006 Enrollment Survey, conducted by National Center for Education Statistics. See http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/edlite-minorityinst.html.




All institutionsAll fields 8,683 8,744 9,314 10,021 9,704 10,281 10,751 10,768 11,407 11,485

S&E 2,800 2,649 2,909 3,264 3,209 3,341 3,319 3,392 3,564 3,624Science 2,544 2,341 2,589 2,931 2,860 2,988 3,014 3,048 3,217 3,258

Agricultural sciences 215 158 163 188 161 186 165 172 207 175Biological sciences 431 410 378 417 499 479 531 508 577 550Computer sciences 275 233 278 445 281 274 249 221 213 248Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 35 26 24 31 25 36 26 28 29 44Mathematical sciences 51 57 65 59 76 64 63 73 71 76Physical sciences 73 83 94 76 103 102 117 107 134 108Psychology 561 542 545 597 555 597 612 637 632 748Social sciences 903 832 1,042 1,118 1,160 1,250 1,251 1,302 1,354 1,309

Engineering 256 308 320 333 349 353 305 344 347 366Non-S&E 5,883 6,095 6,405 6,757 6,495 6,940 7,432 7,376 7,843 7,861

Tribal colleges and universitiesAll fields 112 122 133 148 137 186 144 173 160 177

S&E 46 29 43 67 48 60 58 66 57 37Science 46 29 43 67 48 60 58 66 57 37

Agricultural sciences 8 10 14 22 10 20 11 11 11 15Biological sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Computer sciences 2 0 0 1 5 2 2 5 5 5Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Mathematical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0Physical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Social sciences 34 19 29 43 28 36 43 45 36 22

Engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Non-S&E 66 93 90 81 89 126 86 107 103 140

Tribal colleges and universitiesAll fields 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5

S&E 1.6 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.0Science 1.8 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.3

Agricultural sciences 3.7 6.3 8.6 11.7 6.2 10.8 6.7 6.4 5.3 8.6Biological sciences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Computer sciences 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 0.7 0.8 2.3 2.3 2.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Mathematical sciences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Physical sciences 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Psychology 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Social sciences 3.8 2.3 2.8 3.8 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 2.7 1.7Engineering 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Non-S&E 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.8

Number

Percent

TABLE 5-10. Bachelor's degrees awarded by all institutions and by tribal colleges and universities to American Indian or Alaska Native U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10





Bachelor's Bachelor'sSex and institution degrees Sex and institution degrees

Female MaleAll institutions 1,253,329 All institutions 1,238,278

Top 50 institutions 326,028 Top 50 institutions 373,795U. CA, Los Angeles 13,991 PA State U., Main Campus 12,877U. CA, Davis 11,376 U. TX, Austin 11,478U. CA, Berkeley 10,937 U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 11,205U. CA, Irvine 10,444 U. CA, Los Angeles 10,943U. CA, San Diego 10,264 OH State U., Main Campus 10,892U. WA, Seattle 9,579 U. CA, Berkeley 10,845U. FL 9,151 U. WA, Seattle 10,716U. TX, Austin 8,228 U. CA, Irvine 10,417U. MI, Ann Arbor 8,194 U. FL 10,325U. South FL, Main Campus 7,974 U. MI, Ann Arbor 10,003MI State U. 7,891 U. CA, San Diego 9,883Texas A&M U., College Station 7,839 U. CA, Davis 9,729U. CA, Santa Barbara 7,828 U. MD, C. Park 9,701Rutgers U., New Brunswick 7,662 TX A&M U., College Station 9,600OH State U., Main Campus 7,526 U. WI, Madison 8,966U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 7,430 U. MN, Twin Cities 8,829U. WI, Madison 7,423 Purdue U., Main Campus 8,801U. MN, Twin Cities 7,290 Brigham Young U., Provo 8,692U. MD, College Park 7,237 VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. 8,548PA State U., Main Campus 7,221 Rutgers U., New Brunswick 8,453U. CO, Boulder 7,086 MI State U. 8,191U. Phoenix, Online 6,478 NC State U., Raleigh 8,077AZ State U. 5,985 U. CO, Boulder 7,865FL State U. 5,916 GA Institute of Technology, Main Campus 7,635U. Central FL 5,916 U. Phoenix, Online 7,625U. AZ 5,868 AZ State U. 6,970San Diego State U. 5,854 FL State U. 6,647NC State U., Raleigh 5,646 U. UT 6,349U. CA, Santa Cruz 5,451 U. AZ 6,224CA State U., Northridge 5,410 U. South FL, Main Campus 6,082U. GA 5,072 U. CA, Santa Barbara 6,013VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. 5,062 CA Polytechnic State U., San Luis Obispo 5,903U. NC, Chapel Hill 5,050 IA State U. 5,848U. CA, Riverside 4,844 Cornell U. 5,781Boston U. 4,812 San Diego State U. 5,436Cornell U. 4,734 U. Central FL 5,414CA State U., Fullerton 4,615 U. CT 5,414U. VA, Main Campus 4,575 U. MA, Amherst 5,317WA State U. 4,502 SUNY, U. at Buffalo 5,052San Francisco State U. 4,498 Auburn U. 4,859U. CT 4,480 IN U., Bloomington 4,858U. MA, Amherst 4,456 U. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 4,812FL International U. 4,423 SUNY, Stony Brook U. 4,663U. OR 4,419 U. VA, Main Campus 4,662Brigham Young U., Provo 4,375 OR State U. 4,627SUNY, Stony Brook U. 4,280 U. MO, Columbia 4,593NY U. 4,257 WA State U. 4,593Purdue U., Main Campus 4,248 LA State U. and A&M C. 4,469CA State U., Long Beach 4,205 U. GA 4,465CUNY, Hunter C. 4,026 TX Tech U. 4,448


TABLE 5-11. Top 50 academic institutions awarding S&E bachelor’s degrees, by sex of recipient: 2006–10





Bachelor's Bachelor'sRace ethnicity and institution degrees Race/ethnicity and institution degrees


U. CA, Irvine 10,548 GA State U. 2,148U. CA, Los Angeles 10,135 U. South FL, Main Campus 1,937U. CA, Berkeley 9,675 U. MD, College Park 1,885U. CA, San Diego 8,677 Howard U. 1,881U. CA, Davis 8,569 NC A&T State U. 1,863U. WA, Seattle 5,651 FL A&M U. 1,806Rutgers U., New Brunswick 4,233 Spelman C. 1,559U. TX, Austin 4,158 U. FL 1,487U. CA, Riverside 3,611 FL State U. 1,479U. HI, Manoa 3,084 U. Phoenix, Online 1,412U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 2,943 Southern U. and A&M C. 1,391U. MD, College Park 2,828 Morgan State U. 1,355U. MI, Ann Arbor 2,712 Hampton U. 1,331U. IL, Chicago 2,386 OH State U., Main Campus 1,311SUNY, Stony Brook U. 2,201 Morehouse C. 1,250U. CA, Santa Barbara 2,177 Troy U. 1,216San Jose State U. 2,177 Rutgers U., New Brunswick 1,195CA State Polytechnic U., Pomona 1,988 AL A&M U. 1,157San Francisco State U. 1,885 U. MD, U. C. 1,157U. Southern CA 1,881 Xavier U. LA 1,157



U. PR, Mayaguez 5,598 OK State U., Main Campus 532FL International U. 5,073 U. OK, Norman 510U. CA, Los Angeles 3,534 U. NC, Pembroke 299U. PR, Rio Piedras 2,925 Northeastern State U. 297U. TX, Austin 2,919 AZ State U. 262U. FL 2,780 U. NM, Main Campus 253U. TX, El Paso 2,610 U. WA, Seattle 234U. TX, San Antonio 2,571 Ft. Lewis C. 218San Diego State U. 2,479 East Central U. 195U. CA, Santa Barbara 2,460 Northern AZ U. 186CA State U., Northridge 2,423 Southeastern OK State U. 186U. TX, Pan American 2,415 U. AZ 178U. CA, Irvine 2,349 CA State U., Long Beach 150U. CA, Riverside 2,168 Haskell Indian Nations U. 134CA State U., Fullerton 2,166 Western WA U. 133U. CA, Berkeley 2,139 U. CA, Davis 130Texas A&M University, College Station 2,031 Dartmouth C. 125U. CA, Davis 2,001 Stanford U. 117U. CA, San Diego 1,954 U. CO, Boulder 112U. AZ 1,829 U. Phoenix, Online 111





TABLE 5-12. Top 20 academic institutions awarding S&E bachelor’s degrees, by race/ethnicity of minority graduates: 2006–10



Hispanicb American Indian or Alaska Native

BlackAsian or Pacific Islandera


TABLE 5-13. Bachelor's degrees awarded in engineering, by sex, race/ethnicity, and citizenship: 1990–2010

All Asian African Hispanic Native ForeignYear recipients Female Male White American American American American national1990 65,967 10,130 55,837 50,099 5,989 2,173 2,473 112 5,1211991 63,986 10,016 53,970 48,028 6,305 2,304 2,663 146 4,5401992 63,653 9,972 53,681 47,540 6,479 2,374 2,708 163 4,3891993 65,001 10,453 54,548 47,976 6,764 2,637 2,845 175 4,6041994 64,946 10,800 54,146 47,136 6,881 2,769 3,045 207 4,9081995 64,749 11,303 53,446 46,264 7,056 2,897 3,409 230 4,8931996 65,267 11,737 53,530 45,952 7,333 3,120 3,557 263 5,0421997 65,091 12,160 52,931 44,976 7,625 3,203 4,005 265 5,0171998 63,262 11,796 51,466 43,719 7,131 3,144 3,938 247 5,0831999 62,500 12,360 50,140 42,650 7,226 3,171 4,073 328 5,0522000 63,635 13,140 50,495 43,437 7,529 3,150 4,124 347 5,0482001 65,195 13,195 52,000 44,407 8,340 3,182 4,152 275 4,8392002 68,648 14,102 54,546 47,149 8,669 3,358 4,298 315 4,8592003 75,031 15,114 59,917 51,297 9,705 3,429 4,652 388 5,5602004 76,003 15,282 60,721 51,420 9,941 3,699 4,813 362 5,7682005 76,003 14,868 61,135 51,302 10,033 3,756 4,890 378 5,6442006 76,103 14,654 61,449 51,944 9,719 3,673 4,957 456 5,3542007 75,823 14,101 61,722 51,911 9,466 3,735 5,133 426 5,1522008 77,107 13,865 63,242 53,794 9,143 3,470 5,486 427 4,7872009 75,320 13,432 61,888 52,850 8,743 3,392 5,488 328 4,5192010 79,528 14,478 65,050 55,340 9,174 3,635 6,053 378 4,948

SOURCE: Engineering Workforce Commission. 2011. Engineering and Technology Degrees, 2010. Washington, DC.

SexRace/ethnicity

NOTES: These data differ from data collected by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) due to differences in population covered and taxonomy. The primary difference is that these data include some degrees that are counted as computer science by NCES. Race/ethnicity categories are those used in the survey's data collection.


Social/All Agricultural Computer Life Mathematics Physical behavioral

Country and sex All fields S&E sciences sciences sciences sciences and statistics sciences sciences Engineering Non-S&E

Both sexesAustralia 181,457 46,407 33,517 1,012 7,808 7,296 835 4,126 12,440 12,890 135,050Austria 31,987 11,352 7,163 194 1,936 878 234 716 3,205 4,189 20,635Belgium 25,014 8,369 5,053 597 291 559 137 520 2,949 3,316 16,645Canada 178,673 66,919 53,381 872 3,512 11,785 2,543 4,848 29,821 13,538 111,754Czech Republic 57,548 19,586 11,326 1,782 2,733 1,037 444 1,347 3,983 8,260 37,962Denmark 29,510 7,188 3,722 62 685 400 132 476 1,967 3,466 22,322Finland 30,873 9,865 4,082 616 1,057 317 205 443 1,444 5,783 21,008France 286,450 100,118 58,917 2,198 11,341 8,009 5,149 9,187 23,033 41,201 186,332Germany 356,522 129,899 85,735 2,937 16,932 11,445 11,639 16,489 26,293 44,164 226,623Hungary 52,364 13,897 8,803 1,077 2,166 601 189 889 3,881 5,094 38,467Iceland 2,442 696 483 11 68 50 9 32 313 213 1,746Ireland 27,412 6,832 4,110 170 747 1,159 215 469 1,350 2,722 20,580Italy 222,631 79,628 45,359 3,322 2,870 7,769 2,052 3,274 26,072 34,269 143,003Mexico 362,241 128,571 72,038 4,668 25,604 4,727 1,375 5,580 30,084 56,533 233,670Netherlands 90,445 21,709 14,702 885 3,918 605 216 491 8,587 7,007 68,736New Zealand 31,712 10,643 8,409 173 1,406 1,727 506 803 3,794 2,234 21,069Norway 26,773 5,718 3,236 110 748 264 48 252 1,814 2,482 21,055Poland 327,241 115,942 80,843 6,115 12,406 6,779 2,816 5,205 47,522 35,099 211,299Portugal 55,639 19,662 9,308 818 1,009 1,417 310 699 5,055 10,354 35,977Slovak Republic 53,742 14,608 8,260 1,282 1,565 1,211 462 574 3,166 6,348 39,134South Korea 310,025 125,510 51,072 4,078 13,027 9,512 4,492 5,994 13,969 74,438 184,515Spain 193,523 62,338 31,990 3,084 9,031 3,209 1,146 3,257 12,263 30,348 131,185Sweden 41,912 13,723 6,746 223 888 1,057 181 486 3,911 6,977 28,189Switzerland 28,731 8,589 5,249 98 677 788 190 856 2,640 3,340 20,142Turkey 261,582 98,264 74,148 6,050 2,972 4,348 6,370 9,420 44,988 24,116 163,318United Kingdom 333,721 119,191 89,767 2,107 14,033 18,081 5,980 13,512 36,053 29,424 214,530United States 1,601,368 506,084 411,300 17,756 37,994 80,756 15,496 22,466 236,832 94,784 1,095,284

FemaleAustralia 106,838 20,191 17,092 531 1,543 4,039 310 2,167 8,502 3,099 86,647Austria 18,222 4,532 3,440 104 353 608 94 229 2,052 1,092 13,690Belgium 13,896 3,632 2,720 135 17 364 63 175 1,966 912 10,264Canada 109,513 35,044 32,108 442 551 7,537 1,117 2,308 20,153 2,936 74,469Czech Republic 34,724 7,902 5,709 998 331 742 233 682 2,723 2,193 26,822Denmark 18,605 2,766 1,767 41 93 254 54 194 1,131 999 15,839Finland 20,047 3,469 2,228 330 279 247 105 228 1,039 1,241 16,578France 155,984 40,940 29,644 1,136 1,697 5,322 2,142 3,711 15,636 11,296 115,044Germany 200,900 52,909 42,976 1,217 2,592 7,923 7,481 7,454 16,309 9,933 147,991Hungary 33,918 5,819 4,658 520 413 415 90 416 2,804 1,161 28,099Iceland 1,678 368 291 2 15 35 1 13 225 77 1,310Ireland 16,354 2,583 2,133 75 156 700 96 197 909 450 13,771Italy 130,139 36,142 25,277 1,208 470 5,520 1,127 1,318 15,634 10,865 93,997Mexico 200,123 55,192 39,325 1,414 9,332 2,776 621 3,217 21,965 15,867 144,931Netherlands 51,051 8,112 6,997 385 354 314 64 145 5,735 1,115 42,939New Zealand 19,263 5,080 4,440 69 318 1,030 246 342 2,435 640 14,183Norway 16,898 2,260 1,672 65 96 189 23 113 1,186 588 14,638Poland 206,568 58,603 47,160 3,387 1,564 4,868 1,816 3,231 32,294 11,443 147,965Portugal 32,734 8,507 5,533 360 267 1,004 223 358 3,321 2,974 24,227Slovak Republic 34,707 6,276 4,377 511 153 826 259 305 2,323 1,899 28,431South Korea 144205 38,560 21,040 1,709 2,665 4,618 2,558 2,930 6,560 17,520 105,645Spain 117,089 26,160 15,923 1,339 1,767 2,259 643 1,849 8,066 10,237 90,929Sweden 27,305 6,117 4,139 122 208 745 72 272 2,720 1,978 21,188Switzerland 15,368 3,133 2,540 37 39 390 50 280 1,744 593 12,235Turkey 118,310 38,360 32,266 2,209 709 2,674 2,916 3,819 19,939 6,094 79,950

Science

Number of degrees

TABLE 5-14. First university degrees in selected countries, by sex and field: 2009




ScienceTABLE 5-14. First university degrees in selected countries, by sex and field: 2009

United Kingdom 188,924 50,392 44,545 1,374 2,483 9,221 2,526 5,803 23,137 5,847 138,532United States 915,986 244,853 226,560 8,228 6,779 47,831 6,703 9,167 147,852 18,293 671,133

MaleAustralia 74,619 26,216 16,425 481 6,265 3,257 525 1,959 3,938 9,791 48,403Austria 13,765 6,820 3,723 90 1,583 270 140 487 1,153 3,097 6,945Belgium 11,118 4,737 2,333 462 274 195 74 345 983 2,404 6,381Canada 69,160 31,875 21,273 430 2,961 4,248 1,426 2,540 9,668 10,602 37,285Czech Republic 22,824 11,684 5,617 784 2,402 295 211 665 1,260 6,067 11,140Denmark 10,905 4,422 1,955 21 592 146 78 282 836 2,467 6,483Finland 10,826 6,396 1,854 286 778 70 100 215 405 4,542 4,430France 130,466 59,178 29,273 1,062 9,644 2,687 3,007 5,476 7,397 29,905 71,288Germany 155,622 76,990 42,759 1,720 14,340 3,522 4,158 9,035 9,984 34,231 78,632Hungary 18,446 8,078 4,145 557 1,753 186 99 473 1,077 3,933 10,368Iceland 764 328 192 9 53 15 8 19 88 136 436Ireland 11,058 4,249 1,977 95 591 459 119 272 441 2,272 6,809Italy 92,492 43,486 20,082 2,114 2,400 2,249 925 1,956 10,438 23,404 49,006Mexico 162,118 73,379 32,713 3,254 16,272 1,951 754 2,363 8,119 40,666 88,739Netherlands 39,394 13,597 7,705 500 3,564 291 152 346 2,852 5,892 25,797New Zealand 12,449 5,563 3,969 104 1,088 697 260 461 1,359 1,594 6,886Norway 9,875 3,458 1,564 45 652 75 25 139 628 1,894 6,417Poland 120,673 57,339 33,683 2,728 10,842 1,911 1,000 1,974 15,228 23,656 63,334Portugal 22,905 11,155 3,775 458 742 413 87 341 1,734 7,380 11,750Slovak Republic 19,035 8,332 3,883 771 1,412 385 203 269 843 4,449 10,703South Korea 165,820 86,950 30,032 2,369 10,362 4,894 1,934 3,064 7,409 56,918 78,870Spain 76,434 36,178 16,067 1,745 7,264 950 503 1,408 4,197 20,111 40,256Sweden 14,607 7,606 2,607 101 680 312 109 214 1,191 4,999 7,001Switzerland 13,363 5,456 2,709 61 638 398 140 576 896 2,747 7,907Turkey 143,272 59,904 41,882 3,841 2,263 1,674 3,454 5,601 25,049 18,022 83,368United Kingdom 144,797 68,799 45,222 733 11,550 8,860 3,454 7,709 12,916 23,577 75,998United States 685,382 261,231 184,740 9,528 31,215 32,925 8,793 13,299 88,980 76,491 424,151

Australia 58.9 43.5 51.0 52.5 19.8 55.4 37.1 52.5 68.3 24.0 64.2Austria 57.0 39.9 48.0 53.6 18.2 69.2 40.2 32.0 64.0 26.1 66.3Belgium 55.6 43.4 53.8 22.6 5.8 65.1 46.0 33.7 66.7 27.5 61.7Canada 61.3 52.4 60.1 50.7 15.7 64.0 43.9 47.6 67.6 21.7 66.6Czech Republic 60.3 40.3 50.4 56.0 12.1 71.6 52.5 50.6 68.4 26.5 70.7Denmark 63.0 38.5 47.5 66.1 13.6 63.5 40.9 40.8 57.5 28.8 71.0Finland 64.9 35.2 54.6 53.6 26.4 77.9 51.2 51.5 72.0 21.5 78.9France 54.5 40.9 50.3 51.7 15.0 66.5 41.6 40.4 67.9 27.4 61.7Germany 56.3 40.7 50.1 41.4 15.3 69.2 64.3 45.2 62.0 22.5 65.3Greece 64.8 41.9 52.9 48.3 19.1 69.1 47.6 46.8 72.2 22.8 73.0Hungary 68.7 52.9 60.2 18.2 22.1 70.0 11.1 40.6 71.9 36.2 75.0Iceland 59.7 37.8 51.9 44.1 20.9 60.4 44.7 42.0 67.3 16.5 66.9Italy 58.5 45.4 55.7 36.4 16.4 71.1 54.9 40.3 60.0 31.7 65.7Mexico 55.2 42.9 54.6 30.3 36.4 58.7 45.2 57.7 73.0 28.1 62.0Netherlands 56.4 37.4 47.6 43.5 9.0 51.9 29.6 29.5 66.8 15.9 62.5New Zealand 60.7 47.7 52.8 39.9 22.6 59.6 48.6 42.6 64.2 28.6 67.3Norway 63.1 39.5 51.7 59.1 12.8 71.6 47.9 44.8 65.4 23.7 69.5Poland 63.1 50.5 58.3 55.4 12.6 71.8 64.5 62.1 68.0 32.6 70.0Portugal 58.8 43.3 59.4 44.0 26.5 70.9 71.9 51.2 65.7 28.7 67.3Slovak Republic 64.6 43.0 53.0 39.9 9.8 68.2 56.1 53.1 73.4 29.9 72.7South Korea 46.5 30.7 41.2 41.9 20.5 48.5 56.9 48.9 47.0 23.5 57.3Spain 60.5 42.0 49.8 43.4 19.6 70.4 56.1 56.8 65.8 33.7 69.3Sweden 65.1 44.6 61.4 54.7 23.4 70.5 39.8 56.0 69.5 28.4 75.2

Percent female




ScienceTABLE 5-14. First university degrees in selected countries, by sex and field: 2009

Switzerland 53.5 36.5 48.4 37.8 5.8 49.5 26.3 32.7 66.1 17.8 60.7Turkey 45.2 39.0 43.5 36.5 23.9 61.5 45.8 40.5 44.3 25.3 49.0United Kingdom 56.6 42.3 49.6 65.2 17.7 51.0 42.2 42.9 64.2 19.9 64.6United States 57.2 48.4 55.1 46.3 17.8 59.2 43.3 40.8 62.4 19.3 61.3

SOURCE: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.StatExtracts. Available at http://stats.oecd.org.

NOTES: A first university degree is a terminal undergraduate degree program classified as level 5A in International Standard Classification of Education, which is developed by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Individual countries use different names for the first terminal degree (e.g., laureata in Italy, diplome in Germany, maîtrise in France, and bachelor's degree in the United States and in Asian countries). United States numbers differ from those in other tables in this report because of differences in field taxonomy and because numbers in this table refer to the 50 states and DC only, whereas other tables also include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.



Field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All fields 471,329 485,535 516,098 562,862 578,964 599,365 610,469 631,711 665,473 698,528

S&E 99,528 99,650 108,355 119,296 120,870 120,999 120,278 126,404 134,517 139,926

Science 73,092 73,470 78,883 85,374 86,971 88,736 89,342 93,227 98,007 102,312





Psychology 14,449 14,204 14,885 15,700 16,478 17,302 18,594 18,836 20,744 21,032


Engineering 26,436 26,180 29,472 33,922 33,899 32,263 30,936 33,177 36,510 37,614 Aerospace engineering 611 682 702 870 935 936 912 1,036 1,075 1,098 Chemical engineering 1,368 1,267 1,364 1,506 1,506 1,432 1,230 1,230 1,285 1,430 Civil engineering 4,010 3,945 4,188 4,445 4,631 4,493 4,184 4,327 4,570 4,962 Electrical engineering 8,596 8,246 10,038 12,220 11,613 10,456 10,093 11,232 12,698 12,105 Industrial engineering 3,375 3,375 3,842 4,247 3,937 3,558 3,505 3,659 4,313 4,866 Materials engineering 706 624 717 800 790 765 787 768 836 815 Mechanical engineering 3,471 3,516 3,802 4,555 4,739 4,542 4,365 4,556 4,689 4,890 Other 4,299 4,525 4,819 5,279 5,748 6,081 5,860 6,369 7,044 7,448

Non-S&E 371,801 385,885 407,743 443,566 458,094 478,366 490,191 505,307 530,956 558,602

TABLE 6-1. Master's degrees awarded, by field: 2001–10





Field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2001 2010

All fields 276,052 285,336 303,585 332,076 344,135 359,947 370,577 382,740 401,995 421,358 58.6 60.3

S&E 43,644 43,711 47,172 52,081 53,626 54,750 54,925 57,594 61,028 63,660 43.9 45.5

Science 38,027 38,148 41,001 44,933 46,014 47,271 47,946 49,957 52,789 55,258 52.0 54.0

Agricultural sciences 1,837 1,997 2,059 2,256 2,220 2,153 2,267 2,248 2,318 2,447 49.0 52.2Biological sciences 3,755 3,673 4,019 4,484 4,887 5,106 5,253 5,611 5,775 6,183 57.9 58.0Computer sciences 5,691 5,640 6,255 6,298 5,309 4,618 4,276 4,596 4,869 4,963 33.8 27.5

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 564 572 612 701 710 761 741 705 731 789 41.4 47.1Atmospheric sciences 40 46 55 67 69 71 69 73 91 94 28.6 41.4Earth sciences 472 473 501 566 577 612 599 559 566 615 42.1 47.3Ocean sciences 52 53 56 68 64 78 73 73 74 80 51.0 53.7

Mathematics and statistics 1,389 1,475 1,681 1,950 2,011 2,087 2,098 2,207 2,246 2,376 42.3 39.9

Physical sciences 1,301 1,326 1,318 1,513 1,524 1,626 1,563 1,565 1,514 1,621 34.8 37.5Astronomy 36 27 42 53 62 66 59 62 57 55 38.7 36.9Chemistry 825 852 829 950 939 1,024 1,005 1,035 997 1,055 41.1 48.5Physics 286 286 313 413 422 439 417 378 371 410 20.8 22.7Other 154 161 134 97 101 97 82 90 89 101 59.5 53.4

Psychology 10,939 10,778 11,407 12,235 12,918 13,637 14,679 14,916 16,362 16,646 75.7 79.2

Social sciences 12,551 12,687 13,650 15,496 16,435 17,283 17,069 18,109 18,974 20,233 54.2 56.3Anthropology 689 642 655 721 737 761 839 766 838 839 63.1 68.1Area and ethnic studies 892 865 873 960 975 1,223 997 1,060 1,050 1,021 59.0 60.1Economics 973 1,050 1,161 1,252 1,391 1,319 1,306 1,384 1,506 1,492 39.0 40.0History of science 10 17 10 14 12 11 18 23 16 9 38.5 36.0Linguistics 380 360 380 410 433 450 408 398 503 477 68.8 70.3Political science and public administration 6,843 6,987 7,736 8,833 9,807 10,223 10,316 11,239 11,596 12,533 52.9 56.8Sociology 1,258 1,315 1,296 1,358 1,033 1,110 1,090 1,059 1,065 977 66.2 67.2Other 1,506 1,451 1,539 1,948 2,047 2,186 2,095 2,180 2,400 2,885 56.6 57.2

Engineering 5,617 5,563 6,171 7,148 7,612 7,479 6,979 7,637 8,239 8,402 21.2 22.3Aerospace engineering 90 125 106 149 164 155 170 172 169 157 14.7 14.3Chemical engineering 352 335 343 417 425 386 376 353 398 435 25.7 30.4Civil engineering 1,059 1,062 1,147 1,211 1,322 1,346 1,215 1,236 1,356 1,409 26.4 28.4Electrical engineering 1,675 1,561 1,902 2,398 2,480 2,213 2,014 2,350 2,500 2,410 19.5 19.9Industrial engineering 784 792 843 906 919 918 877 925 1,066 1,181 23.2 24.3Materials engineering 172 168 181 199 204 200 209 219 242 225 24.4 27.6Mechanical engineering 448 468 459 563 599 633 583 660 699 693 12.9 14.2Other 1,037 1,052 1,190 1,305 1,499 1,628 1,535 1,722 1,809 1,892 24.1 25.4

Non-S&E 232,408 241,625 256,413 279,995 290,509 305,197 315,652 325,146 340,967 357,698 62.5 64.0

% femaleNumber

TABLE 6-2. Master's degrees awarded to women, by field: 2001–10






All fields 471,329 485,535 516,098 562,862 578,964 599,365 610,469 631,711 665,473 698,528

S&E 99,528 99,650 108,355 119,296 120,870 120,999 120,278 126,404 134,517 139,926

Science 73,092 73,470 78,883 85,374 86,971 88,736 89,342 93,227 98,007 102,312





Psychology 14,449 14,204 14,885 15,700 16,478 17,302 18,594 18,836 20,744 21,032


Engineering 26,436 26,180 29,472 33,922 33,899 32,263 30,936 33,177 36,510 37,614 Aerospace engineering 611 682 702 870 935 936 912 1,036 1,075 1,098 Chemical engineering 1,368 1,267 1,364 1,506 1,506 1,432 1,230 1,230 1,285 1,430 Civil engineering 4,010 3,945 4,188 4,445 4,631 4,493 4,184 4,327 4,570 4,962 Electrical engineering 8,596 8,246 10,038 12,220 11,613 10,456 10,093 11,232 12,698 12,105 Industrial engineering 3,375 3,375 3,842 4,247 3,937 3,558 3,505 3,659 4,313 4,866 Materials engineering 706 624 717 800 790 765 787 768 836 815 Mechanical engineering 3,471 3,516 3,802 4,555 4,739 4,542 4,365 4,556 4,689 4,890 Other 4,299 4,525 4,819 5,279 5,748 6,081 5,860 6,369 7,044 7,448

Non-S&E 371,801 385,885 407,743 443,566 458,094 478,366 490,191 505,307 530,956 558,602


S&E 72,085 72,074 75,952 83,835 87,402 90,157 91,595 94,318 98,503 103,552

Science 56,651 56,694 59,827 65,553 68,368 71,185 72,319 74,569 77,563 81,867


Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,191 1,207 1,285 1,312 1,390 1,431 1,416 1,348 1,345 1,436 Atmospheric sciences 116 113 128 135 166 161 158 173 203 184 Earth sciences 987 1,001 1,046 1,058 1,132 1,162 1,156 1,061 1,039 1,126 Ocean sciences 88 93 111 119 92 108 102 114 103 126


Physical sciences 2,498 2,437 2,483 2,662 2,708 2,855 2,835 2,949 2,767 2,931 Astronomy 65 77 94 102 122 117 114 128 114 117

TABLE 6-3. Master's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 6-3. Master's degrees awarded, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Chemistry 1,388 1,261 1,297 1,384 1,289 1,396 1,432 1,524 1,436 1,465 Physics 808 829 851 1,010 1,121 1,175 1,148 1,138 1,064 1,184 Other 237 270 241 166 176 167 141 159 153 165

Psychology 13,981 13,719 14,201 15,081 15,827 16,672 17,931 18,182 20,115 20,348

Social sciences 18,945 18,873 19,904 22,569 24,163 25,685 25,789 27,420 28,466 30,626 Anthropology 1,004 918 960 993 1,034 1,064 1,109 1,053 1,136 1,127 Area and ethnic studies 1,283 1,249 1,201 1,363 1,426 1,756 1,439 1,469 1,423 1,435 Economics 1,172 1,191 1,337 1,493 1,774 1,778 1,827 1,954 1,992 2,067 History of science 21 33 18 22 23 32 26 39 28 22 Linguistics 394 351 353 398 422 450 404 442 547 505 Political science and public administration 10,954 11,053 11,913 13,415 14,926 15,735 16,235 17,477 17,950 19,550 Sociology 1,744 1,766 1,744 1,832 1,349 1,409 1,411 1,432 1,440 1,300 Other 2,373 2,312 2,378 3,053 3,209 3,461 3,338 3,554 3,950 4,620

Engineering 15,434 15,380 16,125 18,282 19,034 18,972 19,276 19,749 20,940 21,685 Aerospace engineering 360 395 417 579 645 683 731 798 839 833 Chemical engineering 726 662 656 704 739 734 691 609 626 720 Civil engineering 2,777 2,591 2,684 2,782 3,080 3,070 2,968 3,054 3,233 3,527 Electrical engineering 3,924 4,004 4,362 5,303 5,214 4,970 5,068 5,211 5,545 5,089 Industrial engineering 1,966 1,945 2,077 2,271 2,178 2,102 2,165 2,077 2,264 2,715 Materials engineering 406 380 378 417 451 431 456 432 452 460 Mechanical engineering 2,221 2,213 2,214 2,630 2,827 2,818 2,841 2,981 2,895 3,133 Other 3,054 3,190 3,337 3,596 3,900 4,164 4,356 4,587 5,086 5,208

Non-S&E 337,812 349,772 368,546 404,130 418,322 437,428 450,538 464,526 487,320 513,522

WhiteAll fields 296,202 299,441 309,126 330,212 342,100 352,593 355,075 362,206 374,920 389,668

S&E 48,920 48,583 50,191 54,729 56,535 58,127 58,408 59,126 60,774 62,633

Science 38,529 38,246 39,576 42,966 44,337 46,043 46,459 47,049 48,346 49,714


Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,043 1,065 1,125 1,144 1,197 1,217 1,232 1,114 1,148 1,181 Atmospheric sciences 99 98 117 120 149 141 140 148 177 164 Earth sciences 876 890 914 921 963 982 1,006 869 884 910 Ocean sciences 68 77 94 103 85 94 86 97 87 107


Physical sciences 1,874 1,783 1,825 2,023 1,991 2,095 2,010 2,090 1,894 2,005 Astronomy 47 59 67 76 98 97 91 106 80 93 Chemistry 992 877 905 1,012 886 963 977 1,032 941 926 Physics 627 613 642 790 851 883 820 838 754 855 Other 208 234 211 145 156 152 122 114 119 131

Psychology 9,885 9,452 9,694 10,175 10,410 11,048 11,646 11,561 12,581 12,484

Social sciences 12,655 12,524 12,935 14,478 15,133 15,725 15,962 16,721 17,143 17,768 Anthropology 800 705 743 770 779 786 811 778 843 819 Area and ethnic studies 792 763 691 838 809 938 825 813 786 797 Economics 840 827 828 927 1,097 1,077 1,161 1,173 1,271 1,203 History of science 18 23 13 17 20 29 20 34 25 17 Linguistics 284 270 258 290 300 298 282 311 383 351 Political science and public administration 7,013 7,066 7,518 8,361 9,107 9,406 9,723 10,272 10,319 10,854 Sociology 1,178 1,183 1,177 1,202 858 906 912 915 894 796 Other 1,730 1,687 1,707 2,073 2,163 2,285 2,228 2,425 2,622 2,931

Engineering 10,391 10,337 10,615 11,763 12,198 12,084 11,949 12,077 12,428 12,919 Aerospace engineering 277 310 327 444 490 506 534 601 650 600



Chemical engineering 487 435 431 455 452 481 435 369 388 445 Civil engineering 2,128 1,930 1,994 2,089 2,245 2,277 2,126 2,196 2,252 2,399 Electrical engineering 2,216 2,287 2,401 2,815 2,785 2,609 2,580 2,546 2,446 2,396 Industrial engineering 1,266 1,247 1,298 1,364 1,226 1,207 1,218 1,168 1,255 1,517 Materials engineering 293 282 280 304 314 305 328 288 309 304 Mechanical engineering 1,557 1,583 1,605 1,840 2,042 1,968 1,997 2,073 2,011 2,157 Other 2,167 2,263 2,279 2,452 2,644 2,731 2,731 2,836 3,117 3,101

Non-S&E 247,282 250,858 258,935 275,483 285,565 294,466 296,667 303,080 314,146 327,035


All fields 22,309 23,134 24,616 27,526 29,378 30,362 32,056 32,942 35,086 37,307

S&E 7,056 6,839 7,601 8,642 8,891 8,731 9,088 9,177 9,664 9,959

Science 4,657 4,649 5,170 5,626 5,797 5,545 5,733 5,683 5,735 6,223

Agricultural sciences 97 126 99 111 111 84 128 102 137 165Biological sciences 540 537 646 762 795 820 883 977 1,037 1,245Computer sciences 2,074 2,038 2,305 2,377 2,244 1,856 1,754 1,627 1,477 1,470




Psychology 503 530 531 593 597 651 733 724 765 781

Social sciences 990 954 1,109 1,273 1,452 1,488 1,474 1,563 1,605 1,767 Anthropology 39 34 42 43 44 39 51 46 59 53 Area and ethnic studies 101 90 97 93 111 126 110 113 117 126 Economics 113 119 156 157 185 207 191 211 221 194 History of science 0 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Linguistics 43 26 32 37 41 43 32 35 38 36 Political science and public administration 534 512 601 717 855 862 880 952 942 1,106 Sociology 70 86 95 106 78 71 62 67 67 56 Other 90 85 84 117 137 139 147 138 160 195

Engineering 2,399 2,190 2,431 3,016 3,094 3,186 3,355 3,494 3,929 3,736 Aerospace engineering 37 29 39 51 55 64 74 74 82 87 Chemical engineering 120 96 96 135 106 110 103 93 101 115 Civil engineering 220 203 240 254 298 277 306 298 309 354 Electrical engineering 1,014 915 1,047 1,435 1,381 1,333 1,444 1,548 1,958 1,580 Industrial engineering 210 189 273 284 332 319 313 301 272 301 Materials engineering 55 43 52 53 64 63 65 65 68 70 Mechanical engineering 358 315 262 347 324 360 343 370 359 385 Other 385 400 422 457 534 660 707 745 780 844

Non-S&E 15,253 16,295 17,015 18,884 20,487 21,631 22,968 23,765 25,422 27,348

BlackAll fields 35,426 36,936 40,090 45,183 49,109 52,844 55,624 57,473 61,713 66,817

S&E 6,174 6,230 6,919 7,511 7,764 8,011 8,371 8,908 9,339 10,292

Science 5,475 5,495 6,096 6,658 6,895 7,128 7,445 7,931 8,368 9,194



Agricultural sciences 96 88 103 102 85 96 113 98 124 132Biological sciences 313 288 298 385 377 406 438 500 474 512Computer sciences 709 746 977 934 887 853 898 950 919 1,111




Psychology 1,601 1,643 1,829 1,942 2,142 1,996 2,253 2,411 2,724 2,640

Social sciences 2,492 2,478 2,661 3,038 3,151 3,441 3,439 3,642 3,818 4,502 Anthropology 37 32 33 31 30 32 41 43 30 33 Area and ethnic studies 86 108 121 127 135 136 142 156 152 145 Economics 66 76 67 70 96 100 101 120 111 117 History of science 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 Linguistics 14 5 7 3 9 13 14 7 16 15 Political science and public administration 1,754 1,718 1,861 2,057 2,243 2,451 2,490 2,668 2,825 3,296 Sociology 294 285 274 301 205 201 190 201 202 205 Other 240 252 298 449 433 507 459 445 481 689

Engineering 699 735 823 853 869 883 926 977 971 1,098 Aerospace engineering 10 14 7 11 19 22 26 25 19 30 Chemical engineering 34 31 43 31 56 37 39 46 31 46 Civil engineering 102 101 96 76 100 88 106 118 106 137 Electrical engineering 188 189 226 238 230 226 251 260 246 235 Industrial engineering 119 141 158 170 152 171 152 155 166 214 Materials engineering 9 19 14 21 19 12 9 15 25 16 Mechanical engineering 89 71 78 85 81 86 85 101 86 89 Other 148 169 201 221 212 241 258 257 292 331

Non-S&E 29,252 30,706 33,171 37,672 41,345 44,833 47,253 48,565 52,374 56,525

Hispanicb

All fields 22,450 23,356 25,517 29,905 32,435 34,081 36,456 37,354 40,395 43,037

S&E 4,113 4,106 4,384 5,111 5,380 5,681 6,041 6,216 6,634 7,379

Science 3,278 3,253 3,522 3,981 4,235 4,587 4,821 4,973 5,317 5,932





Psychology 946 962 974 1,102 1,222 1,331 1,466 1,543 1,670 1,812



Social sciences 1,208 1,241 1,296 1,487 1,651 1,797 1,904 1,940 2,119 2,343 Anthropology 45 59 48 58 62 60 67 59 83 80 Area and ethnic studies 111 109 119 116 132 174 144 184 164 188 Economics 53 57 79 80 111 100 86 81 92 90 History of science 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Linguistics 27 19 23 26 26 42 37 33 43 31 Political science and public administration 736 743 802 909 1,026 1,070 1,248 1,252 1,343 1,541 Sociology 116 140 117 139 111 126 112 105 140 112 Other 119 114 107 159 183 225 209 225 253 300

Engineering 835 853 862 1,130 1,145 1,094 1,220 1,243 1,317 1,447 Aerospace engineering 11 19 13 21 38 26 38 32 34 45 Chemical engineering 40 45 39 40 41 49 43 42 46 37 Civil engineering 167 187 152 163 208 185 199 208 217 268 Electrical engineering 172 179 238 340 274 281 294 294 290 269 Industrial engineering 191 205 162 229 239 212 238 256 283 318 Materials engineering 21 15 6 16 26 17 21 22 16 24 Mechanical engineering 93 87 116 157 151 153 171 160 183 201 Other 140 116 136 164 168 171 216 229 248 285

Non-S&E 18,337 19,250 21,133 24,794 27,055 28,400 30,415 31,138 33,761 35,658


S&E 476 421 457 540 501 568 552 553 560 629

Science 416 365 388 455 419 481 479 467 471 542





Psychology 107 97 109 112 118 118 114 104 116 123


Engineering 60 56 69 85 82 87 73 86 89 87 Aerospace engineering 2 4 2 6 2 8 5 1 7 9 Chemical engineering 4 2 2 0 4 2 7 3 3 3 Civil engineering 10 11 13 16 13 17 15 13 18 12 Electrical engineering 10 13 18 10 20 17 5 28 18 22 Industrial engineering 15 8 8 19 18 9 13 14 13 12 Materials engineering 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 2



Mechanical engineering 7 6 9 21 6 11 12 10 9 12 Other 11 10 16 12 18 22 16 15 21 15

Non-S&E 1,817 1,989 2,117 2,317 2,468 2,574 2,626 2,771 2,750 2,835


All fields 31,217 36,569 42,575 52,282 49,733 54,563 59,744 65,545 70,399 76,781

S&E 5,346 5,895 6,400 7,302 8,331 9,039 9,135 10,338 11,532 12,660

Science 4,296 4,686 5,075 5,867 6,685 7,401 7,382 8,466 9,326 10,262

Agricultural sciences 165 175 184 215 237 248 250 215 257 366Biological sciences 298 322 348 403 471 537 624 860 902 956Computer sciences 1,114 1,252 1,342 1,547 1,481 1,501 1,381 1,476 1,632 1,606




Psychology 939 1,035 1,064 1,157 1,338 1,528 1,719 1,839 2,259 2,508

Social sciences 1,438 1,527 1,750 2,086 2,609 3,039 2,786 3,353 3,563 3,987 Anthropology 66 76 83 72 105 126 114 111 105 123 Area and ethnic studies 173 159 140 162 212 354 193 171 179 151 Economics 93 102 201 253 275 291 276 361 288 451 History of science 0 5 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 1 Linguistics 25 27 32 40 40 52 37 54 63 56 Political science and public administration 847 940 1,053 1,253 1,605 1,839 1,760 2,216 2,386 2,617 Sociology 58 55 64 67 90 95 126 132 129 120 Other 176 163 175 237 280 281 278 307 413 468


Non-S&E 25,871 30,674 36,175 44,980 41,402 45,524 50,609 55,207 58,867 64,121


S&E 27,443 27,576 32,403 35,461 33,468 30,842 28,683 32,086 36,014 36,374

Science 16,441 16,776 19,056 19,821 18,603 17,551 17,023 18,658 20,444 20,445

Agricultural sciences 471 479 515 646 596 561 539 564 576 582Biological sciences 873 805 1,001 1,114 1,210 1,288 1,326 1,465 1,710 1,790Computer sciences 7,761 7,713 9,167 8,896 7,514 6,649 6,287 7,405 8,347 7,955

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 172 199 206 258 247 253 216 204 234 241 Atmospheric sciences 24 28 39 44 46 45 35 26 22 43 Earth sciences 134 150 157 190 182 188 156 161 185 175



Ocean sciences 14 21 10 24 19 20 25 17 27 23


Physical sciences 1,239 1,188 1,177 1,368 1,356 1,423 1,408 1,425 1,334 1,392 Astronomy 28 35 29 48 37 29 38 38 25 32 Chemistry 621 606 533 672 623 701 712 712 695 710 Physics 568 524 602 627 673 678 644 661 593 626 Other 22 23 13 21 23 15 14 14 21 24

Psychology 468 485 684 619 651 630 663 654 629 684

Social sciences 4,227 4,613 4,794 5,135 5,252 4,941 4,815 5,057 5,400 5,323 Anthropology 88 99 83 105 73 92 105 92 112 106 Area and ethnic studies 228 224 226 253 236 261 202 253 249 265 Economics 1,320 1,460 1,614 1,708 1,730 1,552 1,524 1,622 1,659 1,665 History of science 5 2 7 3 6 9 2 8 5 3 Linguistics 158 169 172 176 189 171 179 168 173 174 Political science and public administration 1,983 2,147 2,222 2,365 2,495 2,338 2,290 2,456 2,625 2,533 Sociology 157 191 185 199 169 168 164 139 161 153 Other 288 321 285 326 354 350 349 319 416 424


Non-S&E 33,989 36,113 39,197 39,436 39,772 40,938 39,653 40,781 43,636 45,080







All fields 276,052 285,336 303,585 332,076 344,135 359,947 370,577 382,740 401,995 421,358

S&E 43,644 43,711 47,172 52,081 53,626 54,750 54,925 57,594 61,028 63,660

Science 38,027 38,148 41,001 44,933 46,014 47,271 47,946 49,957 52,789 55,258




Physical sciences 1,301 1,326 1,318 1,513 1,524 1,626 1,563 1,565 1,514 1,621 Astronomy 36 27 42 53 62 66 59 62 57 55 Chemistry 825 852 829 950 939 1,024 1,005 1,035 997 1,055 Physics 286 286 313 413 422 439 417 378 371 410 Other 154 161 134 97 101 97 82 90 89 101

Psychology 10,939 10,778 11,407 12,235 12,918 13,637 14,679 14,916 16,362 16,646

Social sciences 12,551 12,687 13,650 15,496 16,435 17,283 17,069 18,109 18,974 20,233 Anthropology 689 642 655 721 737 761 839 766 838 839 Area and ethnic studies 892 865 873 960 975 1,223 997 1,060 1,050 1,021 Economics 973 1,050 1,161 1,252 1,391 1,319 1,306 1,384 1,506 1,492 History of science 10 17 10 14 12 11 18 23 16 9 Linguistics 380 360 380 410 433 450 408 398 503 477 Political science and public administration 6,843 6,987 7,736 8,833 9,807 10,223 10,316 11,239 11,596 12,533 Sociology 1,258 1,315 1,296 1,358 1,033 1,110 1,090 1,059 1,065 977 Other 1,506 1,451 1,539 1,948 2,047 2,186 2,095 2,180 2,400 2,885

Engineering 5,617 5,563 6,171 7,148 7,612 7,479 6,979 7,637 8,239 8,402 Aerospace engineering 90 125 106 149 164 155 170 172 169 157 Chemical engineering 352 335 343 417 425 386 376 353 398 435 Civil engineering 1,059 1,062 1,147 1,211 1,322 1,346 1,215 1,236 1,356 1,409 Electrical engineering 1,675 1,561 1,902 2,398 2,480 2,213 2,014 2,350 2,500 2,410 Industrial engineering 784 792 843 906 919 918 877 925 1,066 1,181 Materials engineering 172 168 181 199 204 200 209 219 242 225 Mechanical engineering 448 468 459 563 599 633 583 660 699 693 Other 1,037 1,052 1,190 1,305 1,499 1,628 1,535 1,722 1,809 1,892

Non-S&E 232,408 241,625 256,413 279,995 290,509 305,197 315,652 325,146 340,967 357,698


S&E 34,579 34,612 36,639 40,700 42,573 44,382 45,064 46,805 48,988 51,371

Science 31,217 31,181 33,118 36,716 38,279 40,029 40,815 42,314 44,325 46,740



Mathematics and statistics 888 940 970 1,103 1,211 1,344 1,337 1,387 1,318 1,337

Physical sciences 893 913 938 1,021 1,054 1,083 1,044 1,081 1,018 1,097 Astronomy 28 21 33 38 55 58 46 50 45 44

TABLE 6-4. Master's degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 6-4. Master's degrees awarded to women, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Chemistry 559 567 593 635 639 664 666 726 666 707 Physics 163 173 181 260 268 274 257 219 224 252 Other 143 152 131 88 92 87 75 86 83 94

Psychology 10,598 10,425 10,875 11,763 12,418 13,148 14,142 14,397 15,870 16,128

Social sciences 10,529 10,468 11,310 12,931 13,847 14,828 14,678 15,622 16,243 17,567 Anthropology 628 582 615 652 694 706 765 715 764 770 Area and ethnic studies 752 716 725 811 821 1,063 870 898 888 851 Economics 434 458 497 557 676 647 674 676 726 768 History of science 7 16 8 11 8 8 17 18 13 7 Linguistics 272 244 255 282 299 327 274 280 374 343 Political science and public administration 5,927 5,984 6,653 7,628 8,550 9,057 9,162 10,044 10,313 11,290 Sociology 1,165 1,180 1,162 1,211 920 1,004 987 978 958 879 Other 1,344 1,288 1,395 1,779 1,879 2,016 1,929 2,013 2,207 2,659

Engineering 3,362 3,431 3,521 3,984 4,294 4,353 4,249 4,491 4,663 4,631 Aerospace engineering 60 78 66 114 119 115 132 144 131 121 Chemical engineering 208 192 190 219 226 216 214 186 215 210 Civil engineering 785 757 786 835 914 923 875 896 953 975 Electrical engineering 644 715 718 880 874 830 829 897 889 805 Industrial engineering 502 498 518 580 614 597 587 551 630 668 Materials engineering 104 107 104 115 128 126 111 130 127 124 Mechanical engineering 311 323 287 364 390 417 400 444 453 454 Other 748 761 852 877 1,029 1,129 1,101 1,243 1,265 1,274

Non-S&E 216,299 224,417 237,932 261,259 271,061 285,088 296,077 304,714 319,237 335,005

WhiteAll fields 181,170 183,307 190,063 203,246 210,801 219,039 222,142 226,279 234,097 241,958

S&E 22,885 22,670 23,602 25,772 26,664 27,732 27,752 28,220 29,108 29,746

Science 20,855 20,585 21,543 23,509 24,271 25,274 25,500 25,844 26,707 27,337





Psychology 7,405 7,109 7,343 7,864 8,108 8,604 9,048 9,009 9,750 9,694

Social sciences 6,817 6,665 7,060 7,905 8,302 8,684 8,642 8,997 9,211 9,516 Anthropology 493 438 472 491 520 525 549 528 554 557 Area and ethnic studies 449 419 386 481 448 540 492 477 462 463 Economics 314 324 285 324 389 367 388 370 413 422 History of science 7 10 4 7 6 7 14 18 10 5 Linguistics 194 188 186 205 206 224 187 193 253 230 Political science and public administration 3,622 3,597 3,974 4,460 4,945 5,138 5,143 5,501 5,527 5,754 Sociology 788 800 794 790 586 639 642 610 593 525 Other 950 889 959 1,147 1,202 1,244 1,227 1,300 1,399 1,560




Non-S&E 158,285 160,637 166,461 177,474 184,137 191,307 194,390 198,059 204,989 212,212


All fields 11,990 12,579 13,465 14,885 16,065 16,429 17,635 17,902 18,971 20,378

S&E 3,045 3,016 3,330 3,761 3,981 3,837 4,034 4,073 4,141 4,352

Science 2,419 2,440 2,662 2,955 3,060 2,891 3,038 3,048 3,072 3,347





Psychology 375 413 423 460 467 516 591 574 624 630

Social sciences 596 600 699 799 935 895 917 969 991 1,104 Anthropology 29 28 25 33 30 27 37 30 47 40 Area and ethnic studies 62 55 72 61 80 87 61 74 74 86 Economics 40 51 71 71 103 97 98 90 110 91 History of science 0 2 2 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 Linguistics 34 21 26 27 31 31 24 23 34 28 Political science and public administration 327 328 374 443 549 515 549 620 574 701 Sociology 41 60 72 83 54 45 47 47 48 39 Other 63 55 57 78 88 93 100 85 103 119

Engineering 626 576 668 806 921 946 996 1,025 1,069 1,005 Aerospace engineering 8 6 3 11 10 19 15 14 11 16 Chemical engineering 46 38 32 50 31 54 52 41 41 41 Civil engineering 84 75 89 97 119 111 109 118 132 127 Electrical engineering 238 211 265 352 397 364 394 428 464 389 Industrial engineering 66 56 73 73 118 91 95 77 81 86 Materials engineering 17 16 21 24 18 19 19 23 23 22 Mechanical engineering 46 56 47 52 55 61 71 71 72 80 Other 121 118 138 147 173 227 241 253 245 244

Non-S&E 8,945 9,563 10,135 11,124 12,084 12,592 13,601 13,829 14,830 16,026

BlackAll fields 24,867 26,284 28,651 32,270 35,136 37,886 39,939 41,439 44,491 47,662

S&E 3,879 3,902 4,311 4,835 5,005 5,138 5,364 5,836 6,166 6,704



Science 3,634 3,639 4,030 4,551 4,723 4,859 5,062 5,541 5,862 6,370





Psychology 1,300 1,296 1,477 1,581 1,766 1,659 1,855 2,069 2,282 2,232

Social sciences 1,614 1,624 1,781 2,094 2,133 2,336 2,315 2,506 2,670 3,123 Anthropology 31 24 27 23 25 22 33 38 22 25 Area and ethnic studies 61 76 83 83 87 93 99 106 102 90 Economics 25 28 28 34 35 38 45 38 44 38 History of science 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Linguistics 7 4 5 2 6 10 12 4 12 15 Political science and public administration 1,128 1,131 1,264 1,447 1,515 1,671 1,689 1,857 2,021 2,314 Sociology 193 188 173 203 150 153 134 150 141 154 Other 169 172 201 302 315 348 302 313 327 487


Non-S&E 20,988 22,382 24,340 27,435 30,131 32,748 34,575 35,603 38,325 40,958

Hispanicb

All fields 14,057 14,827 16,289 19,283 21,157 22,351 24,050 24,613 26,407 27,798

S&E 2,131 2,126 2,275 2,673 2,839 3,086 3,320 3,364 3,604 4,026

Science 1,911 1,875 2,053 2,363 2,526 2,805 2,994 3,016 3,244 3,660







Psychology 708 722 748 875 953 1,057 1,205 1,198 1,328 1,471

Social sciences 708 710 759 881 957 1,114 1,139 1,155 1,230 1,435 Anthropology 27 39 28 37 39 38 45 34 57 53 Area and ethnic studies 65 54 76 74 72 117 88 118 111 105 Economics 23 19 28 26 38 33 25 20 28 38 History of science 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Linguistics 21 14 18 19 23 29 27 24 30 19 Political science and public administration 426 423 464 536 598 673 739 749 776 960 Sociology 84 84 74 83 69 83 76 72 81 75 Other 62 77 71 106 118 141 138 138 146 184


Non-S&E 11,926 12,701 14,014 16,610 18,318 19,265 20,730 21,249 22,803 23,772


S&E 256 218 235 314 272 322 300 318 313 367

Science 239 202 221 287 247 302 280 294 294 341





Psychology 77 68 77 86 89 101 85 86 96 93






Non-S&E 1,198 1,288 1,421 1,544 1,666 1,717 1,771 1,886 1,830 1,869


All fields 17,340 20,526 24,447 30,417 28,537 31,726 35,304 39,082 42,116 46,344

S&E 2,383 2,680 2,886 3,345 3,812 4,267 4,294 4,994 5,656 6,176

Science 2,159 2,440 2,609 3,051 3,452 3,898 3,941 4,571 5,146 5,685





Psychology 733 817 807 897 1,035 1,211 1,358 1,461 1,790 2,008

Social sciences 697 785 929 1,124 1,432 1,672 1,528 1,864 2,007 2,210 Anthropology 41 49 58 53 72 80 84 74 73 82 Area and ethnic studies 101 97 86 97 119 206 121 107 122 85 Economics 30 32 83 99 108 112 111 156 128 172 History of science 0 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 Linguistics 15 15 19 27 28 32 23 35 43 37 Political science and public administration 380 465 540 673 896 991 954 1,235 1,330 1,470 Sociology 41 36 39 39 57 75 82 90 89 79 Other 89 89 102 135 150 176 153 167 222 284


Non-S&E 14,957 17,846 21,561 27,072 24,725 27,459 31,010 34,088 36,460 40,168


S&E 9,065 9,099 10,533 11,381 11,053 10,368 9,861 10,789 12,040 12,289

Science 6,810 6,967 7,883 8,217 7,735 7,242 7,131 7,643 8,464 8,518

Agricultural sciences 226 246 255 324 289 253 267 287 297 315Biological sciences 507 492 587 657 743 806 809 892 1,010 1,046Computer sciences 2,736 2,634 3,010 2,762 2,247 1,856 1,766 2,062 2,423 2,310






Psychology 341 353 532 472 500 489 537 519 492 518

Social sciences 2,022 2,219 2,340 2,565 2,588 2,455 2,391 2,487 2,731 2,666 Anthropology 61 60 40 69 43 55 74 51 74 69 Area and ethnic studies 140 149 148 149 154 160 127 162 162 170 Economics 539 592 664 695 715 672 632 708 780 724 History of science 3 1 2 3 4 3 1 5 3 2 Linguistics 108 116 125 128 134 123 134 118 129 134 Political science and public administration 916 1,003 1,083 1,205 1,257 1,166 1,154 1,195 1,283 1,243 Sociology 93 135 134 147 113 106 103 81 107 98 Other 162 163 144 169 168 170 166 167 193 226

Engineering 2,255 2,132 2,650 3,164 3,318 3,126 2,730 3,146 3,576 3,771 Aerospace engineering 30 47 40 35 45 40 38 28 38 36 Chemical engineering 144 143 153 198 199 170 162 167 183 225 Civil engineering 274 305 361 376 408 423 340 340 403 434 Electrical engineering 1,031 846 1,184 1,518 1,606 1,383 1,185 1,453 1,611 1,605 Industrial engineering 282 294 325 326 305 321 290 374 436 513 Materials engineering 68 61 77 84 76 74 98 89 115 101 Mechanical engineering 137 145 172 199 209 216 183 216 246 239 Other 289 291 338 428 470 499 434 479 544 618

Non-S&E 16,109 17,208 18,481 18,736 19,448 20,109 19,575 20,432 21,730 22,693


c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.






All fields 195,277 200,199 212,513 230,786 234,829 239,418 239,892 248,971 263,478 277,170

S&E 55,884 55,939 61,183 67,215 67,244 66,249 65,353 68,810 73,489 76,266

Science 35,065 35,322 37,882 40,441 40,957 41,465 41,396 43,270 45,218 47,054




Physical sciences 2,436 2,299 2,342 2,517 2,540 2,652 2,680 2,809 2,587 2,702 Astronomy 57 85 81 97 97 80 93 104 82 94 Chemistry 1,184 1,015 1,001 1,106 973 1,073 1,139 1,201 1,134 1,120 Physics 1,090 1,067 1,140 1,224 1,372 1,414 1,375 1,421 1,286 1,400 Other 105 132 120 90 98 85 73 83 85 88

Psychology 3,510 3,426 3,478 3,465 3,560 3,665 3,915 3,920 4,382 4,386

Social sciences 10,621 10,799 11,048 12,208 12,980 13,343 13,535 14,368 14,892 15,716 Anthropology 403 375 388 377 370 395 375 379 410 394 Area and ethnic studies 619 608 554 656 687 794 644 662 622 679 Economics 1,519 1,601 1,790 1,949 2,113 2,011 2,045 2,192 2,145 2,240 History of science 16 18 15 11 17 30 10 24 17 16 Linguistics 172 160 145 164 178 171 175 212 217 202 Political science and public administration 6,094 6,213 6,399 6,947 7,614 7,850 8,209 8,694 8,979 9,550 Sociology 643 642 633 673 485 467 485 512 536 476 Other 1,155 1,182 1,124 1,431 1,516 1,625 1,592 1,693 1,966 2,159

Engineering 20,819 20,617 23,301 26,774 26,287 24,784 23,957 25,540 28,271 29,212 Aerospace engineering 521 557 596 721 771 781 742 864 906 941 Chemical engineering 1,016 932 1,021 1,089 1,081 1,046 854 877 887 995 Civil engineering 2,951 2,883 3,041 3,234 3,309 3,147 2,969 3,091 3,214 3,553 Electrical engineering 6,921 6,685 8,136 9,822 9,133 8,243 8,079 8,882 10,198 9,695 Industrial engineering 2,591 2,583 2,999 3,341 3,018 2,640 2,628 2,734 3,247 3,685 Materials engineering 534 456 536 601 586 565 578 549 594 590 Mechanical engineering 3,023 3,048 3,343 3,992 4,140 3,909 3,782 3,896 3,990 4,197 Other 3,262 3,473 3,629 3,974 4,249 4,453 4,325 4,647 5,235 5,556

Non-S&E 139,393 144,260 151,330 163,571 167,585 173,169 174,539 180,161 189,989 200,904


S&E 37,506 37,462 39,313 43,135 44,829 45,775 46,531 47,513 49,515 52,181

Science 25,434 25,513 26,709 28,837 30,089 31,156 31,504 32,255 33,238 35,127




Physical sciences 1,605 1,524 1,545 1,641 1,654 1,772 1,791 1,868 1,749 1,834 Astronomy 37 56 61 64 67 59 68 78 69 73

TABLE 6-5. Master's degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 6-5. Master's degrees awarded to men, by field, citizenship, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Chemistry 829 694 704 749 650 732 766 798 770 758 Physics 645 656 670 750 853 901 891 919 840 932 Other 94 118 110 78 84 80 66 73 70 71

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Psychology 3,383 3,294 3,326 3,318 3,409 3,524 3,789 3,785 4,245 4,220

Social sciences 8,416 8,405 8,594 9,638 10,316 10,857 11,111 11,798 12,223 13,059 Anthropology 376 336 345 341 340 358 344 338 372 357 Area and ethnic studies 531 533 476 552 605 693 569 571 535 583 Economics 738 733 840 936 1,098 1,131 1,153 1,278 1,266 1,299 History of science 14 17 10 11 15 24 9 21 15 15 Linguistics 122 107 98 116 123 123 130 162 173 162 Political science and public administration 5,027 5,069 5,260 5,787 6,376 6,678 7,073 7,433 7,637 8,260 Sociology 579 586 582 621 429 405 424 454 482 421 Other 1,029 1,024 983 1,274 1,330 1,445 1,409 1,541 1,743 1,961


Non-S&E 121,513 125,355 130,614 142,871 147,261 152,340 154,461 159,812 168,083 178,517

WhiteAll fields 115,032 116,134 119,063 126,966 131,299 133,554 132,933 135,927 140,823 147,710

S&E 26,035 25,913 26,589 28,957 29,871 30,395 30,656 30,906 31,666 32,887

Science 17,674 17,661 18,033 19,457 20,066 20,769 20,959 21,205 21,639 22,377



Mathematics and statistics 863 872 910 1,020 1,153 1,203 1,324 1,280 1,314 1,435

Physical sciences 1,229 1,155 1,157 1,285 1,232 1,328 1,313 1,379 1,230 1,289 Astronomy 25 43 44 52 54 47 53 64 46 56 Chemistry 617 511 509 570 454 531 551 573 535 494 Physics 501 499 508 594 649 678 647 687 595 682 Other 86 102 96 69 75 72 62 55 54 57

Psychology 2,480 2,343 2,351 2,311 2,302 2,444 2,598 2,552 2,831 2,790

Social sciences 5,838 5,859 5,875 6,573 6,831 7,041 7,320 7,724 7,932 8,252 Anthropology 307 267 271 279 259 261 262 250 289 262 Area and ethnic studies 343 344 305 357 361 398 333 336 324 334 Economics 526 503 543 603 708 710 773 803 858 781 History of science 11 13 9 10 14 22 6 16 15 12 Linguistics 90 82 72 85 94 74 95 118 130 121 Political science and public administration 3,391 3,469 3,544 3,901 4,162 4,268 4,580 4,771 4,792 5,100 Sociology 390 383 383 412 272 267 270 305 301 271 Other 780 798 748 926 961 1,041 1,001 1,125 1,223 1,371



Engineering 8,361 8,252 8,556 9,500 9,805 9,626 9,697 9,701 10,027 10,510 Aerospace engineering 238 251 270 361 398 425 443 488 548 524 Chemical engineering 374 328 318 330 328 373 326 276 263 327 Civil engineering 1,566 1,385 1,451 1,505 1,631 1,628 1,539 1,615 1,659 1,779 Electrical engineering 1,939 1,975 2,116 2,501 2,505 2,339 2,343 2,275 2,209 2,174 Industrial engineering 988 967 1,017 1,041 930 897 930 901 960 1,190 Materials engineering 218 211 210 235 233 217 251 208 228 233 Mechanical engineering 1,358 1,366 1,422 1,601 1,773 1,701 1,756 1,792 1,733 1,876 Other 1,680 1,769 1,752 1,926 2,007 2,046 2,109 2,146 2,427 2,407

Non-S&E 88,997 90,221 92,474 98,009 101,428 103,159 102,277 105,021 109,157 114,823


All fields 10,319 10,555 11,151 12,641 13,313 13,933 14,421 15,040 16,115 16,929

S&E 4,011 3,823 4,271 4,881 4,910 4,894 5,054 5,104 5,523 5,607

Science 2,238 2,209 2,508 2,671 2,737 2,654 2,695 2,635 2,663 2,876





Psychology 128 117 108 133 130 135 142 150 141 151


Engineering 1,773 1,614 1,763 2,210 2,173 2,240 2,359 2,469 2,860 2,731 Aerospace engineering 29 23 36 40 45 45 59 60 71 71 Chemical engineering 74 58 64 85 75 56 51 52 60 74 Civil engineering 136 128 151 157 179 166 197 180 177 227 Electrical engineering 776 704 782 1,083 984 969 1,050 1,120 1,494 1,191 Industrial engineering 144 133 200 211 214 228 218 224 191 215 Materials engineering 38 27 31 29 46 44 46 42 45 48 Mechanical engineering 312 259 215 295 269 299 272 299 287 305 Other 264 282 284 310 361 433 466 492 535 600

Non-S&E 6,308 6,732 6,880 7,760 8,403 9,039 9,367 9,936 10,592 11,322

BlackAll fields 10,559 10,652 11,439 12,913 13,973 14,958 15,685 16,034 17,222 19,155

S&E 2,295 2,328 2,608 2,676 2,759 2,873 3,007 3,072 3,173 3,588



Science 1,841 1,856 2,066 2,107 2,172 2,269 2,383 2,390 2,506 2,824





Psychology 301 347 352 361 376 337 398 342 442 408

Social sciences 878 854 880 944 1,018 1,105 1,124 1,136 1,148 1,379 Anthropology 6 8 6 8 5 10 8 5 8 8 Area and ethnic studies 25 32 38 44 48 43 43 50 50 55 Economics 41 48 39 36 61 62 56 82 67 79 History of science 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 Linguistics 7 1 2 1 3 3 2 3 4 0 Political science and public administration 626 587 597 610 728 780 801 811 804 982 Sociology 101 97 101 98 55 48 56 51 61 51 Other 71 80 97 147 118 159 157 132 154 202


Non-S&E 8,264 8,324 8,831 10,237 11,214 12,085 12,678 12,962 14,049 15,567

Hispanicb

All fields 8,393 8,529 9,228 10,622 11,278 11,730 12,406 12,741 13,988 15,239

S&E 1,982 1,980 2,109 2,438 2,541 2,595 2,721 2,852 3,030 3,353

Science 1,367 1,378 1,469 1,618 1,709 1,782 1,827 1,957 2,073 2,272







Psychology 238 240 226 227 269 274 261 345 342 341


Engineering 615 602 640 820 832 813 894 895 957 1,081 Aerospace engineering 8 12 11 13 31 23 31 27 29 37 Chemical engineering 25 27 24 24 22 26 25 23 26 25 Civil engineering 116 129 101 102 135 131 134 136 145 184 Electrical engineering 147 134 204 265 221 239 240 247 241 227 Industrial engineering 123 135 106 151 155 128 152 166 174 220 Materials engineering 19 11 5 10 12 12 15 12 9 14 Mechanical engineering 73 76 99 133 127 124 143 127 149 167 Other 104 78 90 122 129 130 154 157 184 207

Non-S&E 6,411 6,549 7,119 8,184 8,737 9,135 9,685 9,889 10,958 11,886

American Indian or Alaska NativeAll fields 839 904 918 999 1,031 1,103 1,107 1,120 1,167 1,228

S&E 220 203 222 226 229 246 252 235 247 262

Science 177 163 167 168 172 179 199 173 177 201





Psychology 30 29 32 26 29 17 29 18 20 30






Non-S&E 619 701 696 773 802 857 855 885 920 966


All fields 13,877 16,043 18,128 21,865 21,196 22,837 24,440 26,463 28,283 30,437

S&E 2,963 3,215 3,514 3,957 4,519 4,772 4,841 5,344 5,876 6,484

Science 2,137 2,246 2,466 2,816 3,233 3,503 3,441 3,895 4,180 4,577

Agricultural sciences 77 102 91 102 106 109 122 96 97 179Biological sciences 139 133 121 183 197 246 269 366 391 414Computer sciences 759 817 933 1,030 1,092 1,117 1,028 1,105 1,222 1,184




Psychology 206 218 257 260 303 317 361 378 469 500

Social sciences 741 742 821 962 1,177 1,367 1,258 1,489 1,556 1,777 Anthropology 25 27 25 19 33 46 30 37 32 41 Area and ethnic studies 72 62 54 65 93 148 72 64 57 66 Economics 63 70 118 154 167 179 165 205 160 279 History of science 0 3 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 Linguistics 10 12 13 13 12 20 14 19 20 19 Political science and public administration 467 475 513 580 709 848 806 981 1,056 1,147 Sociology 17 19 25 28 33 20 44 42 40 41 Other 87 74 73 102 130 105 125 140 191 184

Engineering 826 969 1,048 1,141 1,286 1,269 1,400 1,449 1,696 1,907 Aerospace engineering 15 15 25 39 33 48 44 57 40 52 Chemical engineering 27 37 35 29 54 36 48 41 37 47 Civil engineering 105 124 132 124 150 149 152 151 217 264 Electrical engineering 272 327 346 387 429 404 410 436 502 487 Industrial engineering 130 127 142 171 168 145 176 136 202 271 Materials engineering 20 15 20 17 21 23 27 29 26 31 Mechanical engineering 99 131 126 155 197 198 195 221 201 253 Other 158 193 222 219 234 266 348 378 471 502

Non-S&E 10,914 12,828 14,614 17,908 16,677 18,065 19,599 21,119 22,407 23,953


S&E 18,378 18,477 21,870 24,080 22,415 20,474 18,822 21,297 23,974 24,085

Science 9,631 9,809 11,173 11,604 10,868 10,309 9,892 11,015 11,980 11,927





Mathematics and statistics 729 759 801 938 977 1,063 1,008 1,064 1,286 1,439


Psychology 127 132 152 147 151 141 126 135 137 166

Social sciences 2,205 2,394 2,454 2,570 2,664 2,486 2,424 2,570 2,669 2,657 Anthropology 27 39 43 36 30 37 31 41 38 37 Area and ethnic studies 88 75 78 104 82 101 75 91 87 95 Economics 781 868 950 1,013 1,015 880 892 914 879 941 History of science 2 1 5 0 2 6 1 3 2 1 Linguistics 50 53 47 48 55 48 45 50 44 40 Political science and public administration 1,067 1,144 1,139 1,160 1,238 1,172 1,136 1,261 1,342 1,290 Sociology 64 56 51 52 56 62 61 58 54 55 Other 126 158 141 157 186 180 183 152 223 198

Engineering 8,747 8,668 10,697 12,476 11,547 10,165 8,930 10,282 11,994 12,158 Aerospace engineering 221 240 245 256 245 213 143 210 198 229 Chemical engineering 498 462 555 604 568 528 377 454 476 485 Civil engineering 959 1,049 1,143 1,287 1,143 1,000 876 933 934 1,001 Electrical engineering 3,641 3,396 4,492 5,399 4,793 4,103 3,840 4,568 5,542 5,411 Industrial engineering 1,127 1,136 1,440 1,650 1,454 1,135 1,050 1,208 1,613 1,638 Materials engineering 232 183 262 299 263 260 233 247 269 254 Mechanical engineering 1,113 1,158 1,416 1,726 1,703 1,508 1,341 1,359 1,548 1,518 Other 956 1,044 1,144 1,255 1,378 1,418 1,070 1,303 1,414 1,622

Non-S&E 17,880 18,905 20,716 20,700 20,324 20,829 20,078 20,349 21,906 22,387






Field and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

WhiteAll fields 72.3 71.0 69.5 67.7 67.6 66.8 65.5 64.8 64.0 63.2

S&E 67.9 67.4 66.1 65.3 64.7 64.5 63.8 62.7 61.7 60.5

Science 68.0 67.5 66.2 65.5 64.9 64.7 64.2 63.1 62.3 60.7





Psychology 70.7 68.9 68.3 67.5 65.8 66.3 64.9 63.6 62.5 61.5



Non-S&E 73.2 71.7 70.3 68.2 68.3 67.3 65.8 65.2 64.5 63.7


All fields 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0

S&E 9.8 9.5 10.0 10.3 10.2 9.7 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.6

Science 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.6



TABLE 6-6. Racial/ethnic distribution of master's degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2001–10 (Percent)






Psychology 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8



Non-S&E 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3

BlackAll fields 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.7 10.0 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.8

S&E 8.6 8.6 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.4 9.5 9.9

Science 9.7 9.7 10.2 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.3 10.6 10.8 11.2





Psychology 11.5 12.0 12.9 12.9 13.5 12.0 12.6 13.3 13.5 13.0

Social sciences 13.2 13.1 13.4 13.5 13.0 13.4 13.3 13.3 13.4 14.7 Anthropology 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.7 4.1 2.6 2.9 Area and ethnic studies 6.7 8.6 10.1 9.3 9.5 7.7 9.9 10.6 10.7 10.1 Economics 5.6 6.4 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 6.1 5.6 5.7 History of science 4.8 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 7.7 5.1 3.6 9.1 Linguistics 3.6 1.4 2.0 0.8 2.1 2.9 3.5 1.6 2.9 3.0




Political science and public administration 16.0 15.5 15.6 15.3 15.0 15.6 15.3 15.3 15.7 16.9 Sociology 16.9 16.1 15.7 16.4 15.2 14.3 13.5 14.0 14.0 15.8 Other 10.1 10.9 12.5 14.7 13.5 14.6 13.8 12.5 12.2 14.9


Non-S&E 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.9 10.2 10.5 10.5 10.7 11.0

Hispanicb

All fields 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.0

S&E 5.7 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.7 7.1

Science 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.2





Psychology 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.3 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.3 8.9



Non-S&E 5.4 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.9




American Indian or Alaska NativeAll fields 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

S&E 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Science 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7





Psychology 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6



Non-S&E 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6


All fields 7.6 8.7 9.6 10.7 9.8 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.0 12.4

S&E 7.4 8.2 8.4 8.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.7 12.2

Science 7.6 8.3 8.5 9.0 9.8 10.4 10.2 11.4 12.0 12.5








Psychology 6.7 7.5 7.5 7.7 8.5 9.2 9.6 10.1 11.2 12.3



Non-S&E 7.7 8.8 9.8 11.1 9.9 10.4 11.2 11.9 12.1 12.5

NOTES: Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data that were based on accredited higher education institutions.





Field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All fields 45,068 44,311 46,177 48,560 52,855 56,309 60,887 61,716 61,730 57,405

S&E 25,453 24,254 25,425 26,573 28,561 30,452 32,588 33,359 33,284 32,649

Science 19,892 19,058 20,143 20,642 22,013 23,050 24,522 25,249 25,369 24,837

Agricultural sciences 934 969 1,060 1,016 1,004 1,037 1,068 1,080 1,143 982Biological sciences 4,750 4,596 5,212 5,491 5,925 6,138 6,703 7,319 7,429 7,571Computer sciences 768 750 816 910 1,121 1,416 1,597 1,696 1,574 1,561


Mathematics and statistics 1,001 927 1,009 1,065 1,180 1,297 1,356 1,362 1,536 1,594

Physical sciences 3,446 3,247 3,378 3,345 3,620 3,986 4,209 4,205 4,416 4,326Astronomy 103 70 101 101 115 114 128 163 143 160Chemistry 2,134 2,037 2,158 2,105 2,226 2,502 2,606 2,495 2,652 2,564Physics 1,169 1,096 1,089 1,119 1,254 1,341 1,442 1,507 1,580 1,570Other physical sciences 40 44 30 20 25 29 33 40 41 32

Psychology 4,538 4,185 4,258 4,389 4,681 4,484 4,696 4,600 4,046 3,606

Social sciences 3,913 3,822 3,866 3,886 3,910 4,092 4,166 4,304 4,501 4,484Anthropology 428 508 487 537 459 480 519 491 527 534Area and ethnic studies 216 209 176 204 184 220 226 246 226 237Economics 1,016 961 967 978 1,111 1,057 1,107 1,172 1,172 1,120History of science 21 20 27 20 28 34 27 34 19 31Linguistics 193 152 201 194 172 216 219 215 240 203Political science and public administration 1,047 992 1,055 1,001 1,049 1,098 1,093 1,104 1,244 1,312Sociology 550 547 598 564 534 574 573 594 635 612Other 442 433 355 388 373 413 402 448 438 435

Engineering 5,561 5,196 5,282 5,931 6,548 7,402 8,066 8,110 7,915 7,812Aerospace engineering 202 193 178 190 205 209 234 232 257 228Chemical engineering 680 693 608 708 872 911 915 950 886 929Civil engineering 647 669 685 736 830 864 935 909 902 851Electrical engineering 1,527 1,361 1,402 1,634 1,782 2,124 2,380 2,279 2,090 2,169Industrial engineering 262 275 258 280 286 302 364 346 333 290Materials engineering 454 381 457 494 514 611 663 665 661 653Mechanical engineering 906 813 786 835 963 1,139 1,138 1,149 1,186 1,022Other 883 811 908 1,054 1,096 1,242 1,437 1,580 1,600 1,670

Non-S&E 19,615 20,057 20,752 21,987 24,294 25,857 28,299 28,357 28,446 24,756

TABLE 7-1. Doctoral degrees awarded, by field: 2001–10

S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.


Field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2001 2010

All fields 20,287 20,551 21,779 23,201 25,816 27,607 30,551 31,115 31,225 28,397 45.0 49.5

S&E 9,607 9,313 9,902 10,307 11,325 12,129 13,159 13,578 13,689 13,411 37.7 41.0

Science 8,686 8,417 8,993 9,260 10,103 10,645 11,474 11,830 11,977 11,596 43.7 46.7

Agricultural sciences 333 332 388 376 362 425 438 445 506 455 35.7 46.3Biological sciences 2,095 2,039 2,386 2,543 2,911 3,013 3,284 3,707 3,894 4,007 44.1 52.9Computer sciences 136 171 168 201 214 307 328 373 351 336 17.7 21.5

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 156 177 168 180 197 218 286 244 288 289 28.8 40.5Atmospheric sciences 15 21 21 23 29 33 33 21 33 34 21.4 34.0Earth sciences 110 120 104 124 123 148 195 174 195 204 28.9 41.1Ocean sciences 31 36 43 33 45 37 58 49 60 51 33.7 43.6

Mathematics and statistics 282 268 275 301 338 384 406 423 476 476 28.2 29.9

Physical sciences 913 889 932 913 992 1,169 1,282 1,234 1,385 1,371 26.5 31.7Astronomy 20 14 28 32 38 40 43 39 54 61 19.4 38.1Chemistry 719 691 707 694 770 893 964 901 1,024 994 33.7 38.8Physics 167 170 190 179 182 234 265 280 293 305 14.3 19.4Other physical sciences 7 14 7 8 2 2 10 14 14 11 17.5 34.3

Psychology 3,098 2,837 2,931 3,033 3,333 3,248 3,414 3,311 2,912 2,537 68.3 70.3

Social sciences 1,673 1,704 1,745 1,713 1,756 1,881 2,036 2,093 2,165 2,125 42.8 47.4Anthropology 247 299 297 293 261 272 320 301 315 314 57.7 58.8Area and ethnic studies 130 102 109 107 103 122 131 143 138 131 60.2 55.3Economics 292 271 280 289 339 324 358 408 419 380 28.7 33.9History of science 3 4 14 9 11 17 14 17 7 14 14.3 45.2Linguistics 109 89 122 116 112 131 130 120 152 115 56.5 56.7Political science and public administration 364 419 409 381 440 456 516 520 546 588 34.8 44.8Sociology 321 332 353 338 329 368 362 360 380 378 58.4 61.8Other 207 188 161 180 161 191 205 224 208 205 46.8 47.1

Engineering 921 896 909 1,047 1,222 1,484 1,685 1,748 1,712 1,815 16.6 23.2Aerospace engineering 23 19 24 20 27 25 30 24 33 40 11.4 17.5Chemical engineering 162 166 149 178 205 244 233 249 237 269 23.8 29.0Civil engineering 127 128 136 160 200 197 250 232 214 246 19.6 28.9Electrical engineering 197 148 172 216 252 298 376 388 338 382 12.9 17.6Industrial engineering 53 75 70 52 65 82 104 97 86 72 20.2 24.8Materials engineering 91 74 98 91 122 155 169 156 172 166 20.0 25.4Mechanical engineering 90 98 88 99 116 151 147 160 160 125 9.9 12.2Other 178 188 172 231 235 332 376 442 472 515 20.2 30.8

Non-S&E 10,680 11,238 11,877 12,894 14,491 15,478 17,392 17,537 17,536 14,986 54.4 60.5

Percent

TABLE 7-2. Doctoral degrees awarded to women, by field: 2001–10

Number



Field 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All fields 24,781 23,760 24,398 25,359 27,039 28,702 30,336 30,601 30,505 29,008

S&E 15,846 14,941 15,523 16,266 17,236 18,323 19,429 19,781 19,595 19,238

Science 11,206 10,641 11,150 11,382 11,910 12,405 13,048 13,419 13,392 13,241

Agricultural sciences 601 637 672 640 642 612 630 635 637 527Biological sciences 2,655 2,557 2,826 2,948 3,014 3,125 3,419 3,612 3,535 3,564Computer sciences 632 579 648 709 907 1,109 1,269 1,323 1,223 1,225


Mathematics and statistics 719 659 734 764 842 913 950 939 1,060 1,118

Physical sciences 2,533 2,358 2,446 2,432 2,628 2,817 2,927 2,971 3,031 2,955Astronomy 83 56 73 69 77 74 85 124 89 99Chemistry 1,415 1,346 1,451 1,411 1,456 1,609 1,642 1,594 1,628 1,570Physics 1,002 926 899 940 1,072 1,107 1,177 1,227 1,287 1,265Other physical sciences 33 30 23 12 23 27 23 26 27 21

Psychology 1,440 1,348 1,327 1,356 1,348 1,236 1,282 1,289 1,134 1,069

Social sciences 2,240 2,118 2,121 2,173 2,154 2,211 2,130 2,211 2,336 2,359Anthropology 181 209 190 244 198 208 199 190 212 220Area and ethnic studies 86 107 67 97 81 98 95 103 88 106Economics 724 690 687 689 772 733 749 764 753 740History of science 18 16 13 11 17 17 13 17 12 17Linguistics 84 63 79 78 60 85 89 95 88 88Political science and public administration 683 573 646 620 609 642 577 584 698 724Sociology 229 215 245 226 205 206 211 234 255 234Other 235 245 194 208 212 222 197 224 230 230

Engineering 4,640 4,300 4,373 4,884 5,326 5,918 6,381 6,362 6,203 5,997Aerospace engineering 179 174 154 170 178 184 204 208 224 188Chemical engineering 518 527 459 530 667 667 682 701 649 660Civil engineering 520 541 549 576 630 667 685 677 688 605Electrical engineering 1,330 1,213 1,230 1,418 1,530 1,826 2,004 1,891 1,752 1,787Industrial engineering 209 200 188 228 221 220 260 249 247 218Materials engineering 363 307 359 403 392 456 494 509 489 487Mechanical engineering 816 715 698 736 847 988 991 989 1,026 897Other 705 623 736 823 861 910 1,061 1,138 1,128 1,115

Non-S&E 8,935 8,819 8,875 9,093 9,803 10,379 10,907 10,820 10,910 9,770

TABLE 7-3. Doctoral degrees awarded to men, by field: 2001–10




All degrees 45,068 44,311 46,177 48,560 52,855 56,309 60,887 61,716 61,730 57,405U.S. citizen and permanent resident 34,105 33,382 34,551 35,807 38,512 40,334 43,888 44,509 45,019 41,759

White 25,865 25,319 25,864 26,425 28,152 29,114 31,355 31,342 31,526 28,670Asian or Pacific Islandera 2,440 2,184 2,259 2,464 2,695 2,996 3,251 3,201 3,203 3,183Black 2,091 2,268 2,362 2,725 2,854 2,884 3,452 3,478 3,645 3,372Hispanicb 1,594 1,503 1,609 1,739 1,914 1,980 2,138 2,410 2,419 2,294American Indian or Alaska Native 170 175 185 206 224 214 232 244 282 224Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 1,945 1,933 2,272 2,248 2,673 3,146 3,460 3,834 3,944 4,016


All S&E 25,453 24,254 25,425 26,573 28,561 30,452 32,588 33,359 33,284 32,649U.S. citizen and permanent resident 17,261 16,314 16,855 17,271 17,829 18,400 19,595 20,186 20,560 20,570

White 13,020 12,373 12,677 12,770 12,981 13,246 13,981 14,220 14,552 14,278Asian or Pacific Islandera 1,556 1,377 1,437 1,540 1,655 1,788 1,973 1,933 1,947 2,054Black 748 762 775 849 842 899 964 983 1,041 973Hispanicb 815 758 784 916 973 1,003 1,071 1,162 1,098 1,169American Indian or Alaska Native 78 73 95 103 85 96 105 102 120 103Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 1,044 971 1,087 1,093 1,293 1,368 1,501 1,786 1,802 1,993


Science 19,892 19,058 20,143 20,642 22,013 23,050 24,522 25,249 25,369 24,837U.S. citizen and permanent resident 14,699 14,053 14,618 14,924 15,377 15,686 16,601 17,006 17,186 17,063

White 11,176 10,781 11,106 11,137 11,285 11,428 12,008 12,108 12,317 11,992Asian or Pacific Islandera 1,158 1,020 1,145 1,194 1,283 1,318 1,465 1,432 1,443 1,537Black 650 682 681 750 741 789 847 855 902 819Hispanicb 727 670 678 815 875 898 933 1,032 945 973American Indian or Alaska Native 68 67 83 95 79 89 97 87 101 93Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 920 833 925 933 1,114 1,164 1,251 1,492 1,478 1,649


Agricultural sciences 934 969 1,060 1,016 1,004 1,037 1,068 1,080 1,143 982U.S. citizen and permanent resident 544 549 626 601 611 640 643 668 715 639

White 453 474 522 502 519 526 541 534 576 480Asian or Pacific Islandera 24 17 28 28 22 25 24 34 34 32Black 16 16 26 20 19 28 24 26 28 47Hispanicb 21 20 16 17 14 36 15 18 21 33American Indian or Alaska Native 1 0 1 7 4 1 3 8 5 6Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 29 22 33 27 33 24 36 48 51 41

Temporary resident 390 420 434 415 393 397 425 412 428 343

Biological sciences 4,750 4,596 5,212 5,491 5,925 6,138 6,703 7,319 7,429 7,571U.S. citizen and permanent resident 3,579 3,443 3,901 4,118 4,330 4,377 4,713 5,091 5,310 5,447

White 2,689 2,613 2,912 3,047 3,172 3,206 3,426 3,608 3,782 3,759Asian or Pacific Islandera 399 388 475 489 508 477 563 575 567 650Black 101 112 110 159 152 173 173 229 252 206Hispanicb 155 139 171 186 216 212 226 274 282 326American Indian or Alaska Native 14 14 18 16 18 19 23 20 27 21Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 221 177 215 221 264 290 302 385 400 485


Computer sciences 768 750 816 910 1,121 1,416 1,597 1,696 1,574 1,561U.S. citizen and permanent resident 395 410 413 455 500 551 680 667 730 782


Temporary resident 373 340 403 455 621 865 917 1,029 844 779

Earth, atmospheric, ocean sciences 542 562 544 540 572 600 727 683 724 713U.S. citizen and permanent resident 362 368 376 356 360 389 481 436 477 481

White 301 332 318 311 300 328 400 349 390 395

TABLE 7-4. Doctoral degrees awarded, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 7-4. Doctoral degrees awarded, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Asian or Pacific Islandera 25 12 15 12 16 23 11 17 15 15Black 3 3 11 5 3 3 7 7 6 5Hispanicb 10 4 8 10 11 12 18 17 14 16American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 1 3 3 0 2 2 2 2Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 23 17 23 15 27 23 43 44 50 48


Atmospheric sciences 70 68 78 77 96 95 87 106 110 100U.S. citizen and permanent resident 40 43 46 45 54 45 48 58 68 50



Earth sciences 380 404 368 369 379 430 513 469 503 496U.S. citizen and permanent resident 258 266 259 245 244 296 347 302 333 350



Oceanography 92 90 98 94 97 75 127 108 111 117U.S. citizen and permanent resident 64 59 71 66 62 48 86 76 76 81



Mathematics and statistics 1,001 927 1,009 1,065 1,180 1,297 1,356 1,362 1,536 1,594U.S. citizen and permanent resident 525 438 513 508 540 583 645 671 788 863



Physical sciences 3,446 3,247 3,378 3,345 3,620 3,986 4,209 4,205 4,416 4,326U.S. citizen and permanent resident 2,156 2,044 2,060 1,969 2,036 2,183 2,266 2,307 2,486 2,489



Astronomy 103 70 101 101 115 114 128 163 143 160U.S. citizen and permanent resident 78 53 79 75 73 73 89 117 98 119

White 52 41 61 63 62 57 63 94 85 97Asian or Pacific Islandera 4 3 5 7 6 6 6 4 3 4Black 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 2Hispanicb 4 1 2 2 2 1 5 3 4 4



American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 18 7 10 2 3 8 13 16 6 11


Chemistry 2,134 2,037 2,158 2,105 2,226 2,502 2,606 2,495 2,652 2,564U.S. citizen and permanent resident 1,383 1,355 1,374 1,321 1,366 1,461 1,464 1,414 1,586 1,542

White 1,028 1,031 1,078 986 1,021 1,080 1,071 993 1,145 1,095Asian or Pacific Islandera 138 120 111 127 139 160 155 150 148 151Black 56 46 47 51 37 43 64 62 66 59Hispanicb 59 48 44 58 57 70 65 89 86 72American Indian or Alaska Native 5 7 6 9 6 6 3 4 7 8Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 97 103 88 90 106 102 106 116 134 157

Temporary resident 751 682 784 784 860 1,041 1,142 1,081 1,066 1,022

Physics 1,169 1,096 1,089 1,119 1,254 1,341 1,442 1,507 1,580 1,570U.S. citizen and permanent resident 677 604 591 562 585 635 696 754 781 808



Other physical sciences 40 44 30 20 25 29 33 40 41 32U.S. citizen and permanent resident 18 32 16 11 12 14 17 22 21 20



Psychology 4,538 4,185 4,258 4,389 4,681 4,484 4,696 4,600 4,046 3,606U.S. citizen and permanent resident 4,381 4,042 4,059 4,191 4,452 4,230 4,450 4,359 3,770 3,334



Social sciences 3,913 3,822 3,866 3,886 3,910 4,092 4,166 4,304 4,501 4,484U.S. citizen and permanent resident 2,757 2,759 2,670 2,726 2,548 2,733 2,723 2,807 2,910 3,028



Anthropology 428 508 487 537 459 480 519 491 527 534U.S. citizen and permanent resident 356 430 420 466 392 425 433 416 431 444





Area and ethnic studies 216 209 176 204 184 220 226 246 226 237U.S. citizen and permanent resident 180 180 149 168 154 187 202 190 178 191



Economics 1,016 961 967 978 1,111 1,057 1,107 1,172 1,172 1,120U.S. citizen and permanent resident 422 419 377 396 368 371 369 438 408 459



History of science 21 20 27 20 28 34 27 34 19 31U.S. citizen and permanent resident 20 16 24 14 21 28 16 29 12 25



Linguistics 193 152 201 194 172 216 219 215 240 203U.S. citizen and permanent resident 100 84 102 105 95 114 123 114 145 118



Political science and public administration 1,047 992 1,055 1,001 1,049 1,098 1,093 1,104 1,244 1,312U.S. citizen and permanent resident 859 821 827 809 806 827 811 822 919 967



Sociology 550 547 598 564 534 574 573 594 635 612U.S. citizen and permanent resident 473 474 492 460 436 466 459 477 499 504



Other 442 433 355 388 373 413 402 448 438 435U.S. citizen and permanent resident 347 335 279 308 276 315 310 321 318 320

White 275 269 232 243 215 242 244 246 241 230



Asian or Pacific Islandera 14 12 9 13 11 11 11 18 21 14Black 20 20 11 17 19 17 20 16 14 18Hispanicb 12 10 9 5 10 8 12 13 16 20American Indian or Alaska Native 1 1 4 6 2 6 3 0 2 4Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 25 23 14 24 19 31 20 28 24 34


Engineering 5,561 5,196 5,282 5,931 6,548 7,402 8,066 8,110 7,915 7,812U.S. citizen and permanent resident 2,562 2,261 2,237 2,347 2,452 2,714 2,994 3,180 3,374 3,507



Aerospace engineering 202 193 178 190 205 209 234 232 257 228U.S. citizen and permanent resident 101 77 72 73 91 80 108 103 137 122



Chemical engineering 680 693 608 708 872 911 915 950 886 929U.S. citizen and permanent resident 357 354 295 340 360 423 373 417 437 469

White 271 240 209 242 275 297 250 296 312 331Asian and Pacific Islandera 49 65 44 64 43 70 63 55 56 65Black 15 10 8 7 9 13 18 17 11 14Hispanicb 8 17 13 9 20 20 16 20 22 33American Indian or Alaska Native 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 5 0Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 11 21 20 17 13 22 25 27 31 26


Civil engineering 647 669 685 736 830 864 935 909 902 851U.S. citizen and permanent resident 300 273 283 257 296 296 359 330 348 347



Electrical engineering 1,527 1,361 1,402 1,634 1,782 2,124 2,380 2,279 2,090 2,169U.S. citizen and permanent resident 587 506 478 531 567 560 645 704 711 757


Temporary resident 940 855 924 1,103 1,215 1,564 1,735 1,575 1,379 1,412

Industrial engineering 262 275 258 280 286 302 364 346 333 290U.S. citizen and permanent resident 109 115 93 119 107 117 129 125 112 116

White 79 83 67 88 73 77 82 71 71 66Asian or Pacific Islandera 14 10 12 14 17 10 15 17 15 15Black 5 6 6 10 6 11 8 18 10 16Hispanicb 4 9 2 2 4 12 12 9 6 11



American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 7 7 6 5 7 6 12 9 10 7


Materials engineering 454 381 457 494 514 611 663 665 661 653U.S. citizen and permanent resident 217 172 198 205 191 242 286 284 281 316



Mechanical engineering 906 813 786 835 963 1,139 1,138 1,149 1,186 1,022U.S. citizen and permanent resident 414 335 336 307 338 388 376 406 472 425



Other 883 811 908 1,054 1,096 1,242 1,437 1,580 1,600 1,670U.S. citizen and permanent resident 477 429 482 515 502 608 718 811 876 955



Non-S&E 19,615 20,057 20,752 21,987 24,294 25,857 28,299 28,357 28,446 24,756U.S. citizen and permanent resident 16,844 17,068 17,696 18,536 20,683 21,934 24,293 24,323 24,459 21,189

White 12,845 12,946 13,187 13,655 15,171 15,868 17,374 17,122 16,974 14,392Asian or Pacific Islandera 884 807 822 924 1,040 1,208 1,278 1,268 1,256 1,129Black 1,343 1,506 1,587 1,876 2,012 1,985 2,488 2,495 2,604 2,399Hispanicb 779 745 825 823 941 977 1,067 1,248 1,321 1,125American Indian or Alaska Native 92 102 90 103 139 118 127 142 162 121Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 901 962 1,185 1,155 1,380 1,778 1,959 2,048 2,142 2,023

Temporary resident 2,771 2,989 3,056 3,451 3,611 3,923 4,006 4,034 3,987 3,567S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. NOTES: Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Race/ethnicity breakouts are for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Data for 2010 in this table include only those doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.


Disability status 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All S&E doctorate recipients 25,529 24,608 25,283 26,303 28,026 29,910 31,868 32,879 33,503 33,141Without disability 23,024 22,108 22,811 23,657 25,004 26,682 28,302 29,136 29,773 28,600With disability 342 329 314 286 307 306 350 362 388 884

Blind/visually impaired 39 26 28 22 25 30 29 20 21 197Deaf/hard of hearing 48 42 48 33 40 42 39 47 50 110Learning disabilities 84 78 74 93 89 85 110 129 135 276Physical/orthopedic disability 99 121 95 84 85 84 86 81 93 118Vocal/speech disability 8 8 11 10 14 11 D 9 10 30

Other or unspecifieda 64 54 58 44 54 54 D 76 79 153Unknown disability status 2,163 2,171 2,158 2,360 2,715 2,922 3,216 3,381 3,342 3,657

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

TABLE 7-5. S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2001–10

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.


a Includes multiple disabilities.

NOTES: In 2010 questions about disability were revised. Prior to 2010 respondents were first asked whether they have a disability and were then asked to mark one or more categories describing the disability or disabilities (blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability). In 2010 respondents were asked to mark whether or not they have each of the disabilities listed above. Data in this table are based on research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences.

128w

ww


pd/

AllField recipientsa Number Percent Number Percent

All fields 48,069 1,468 100.0 40,968 100.0

S&E 33,141 884 60.2 28,600 69.8

Science 25,589 755 51.4 22,037 53.8Agricultural sciences 984 25 1.7 850 2.1Biological sciences 8,052 207 14.1 7,104 17.3Computer sciences 1,665 38 2.6 1,410 3.4Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 864 24 1.6 744 1.8Mathematics and statistics 1,589 49 3.3 1,393 3.4Physical sciences 4,201 111 7.6 3,655 8.9

Chemistry 2,306 66 4.5 1,993 4.9Physics and astronomy 1,895 45 3.1 1,662 4.1

Psychology 3,421 133 9.1 2,751 6.7Social sciences 4,813 168 11.4 4,130 10.1

Anthropologyb 569 21 1.4 490 1.2Area studies 113 5 0.3 86 0.2Economics 1,190 21 1.4 1,033 2.5Political science 1,203 47 3.2 1,026 2.5Sociology 638 30 2.0 555 1.4Other 1,100 44 3.0 940 2.3

Engineering 7,552 129 8.8 6,563 16.0

Electrical engineering 1,776 31 2.1 1,501 3.7Mechanical engineering 987 14 1.0 859 2.1Other 4,789 84 5.7 4,203 10.3

Non-S&E 14,928 584 39.8 12,368 30.2

NOTES: Data in this table are based on research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Respondents were asked to mark whether or not they have each of the following disabilities: blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2010.

With disability Without disability


TABLE 7-6. S&E doctorate recipients, by field and disability status: 2010

a Includes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown. b Includes archaeology.


Field, sex, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

All S&E 17,261 16,314 16,855 17,271 17,829 18,400 19,595 20,186 20,560 20,570Female 7,570 7,245 7,588 7,800 8,364 8,543 9,228 9,477 9,651 9,468Male 9,691 9,069 9,267 9,471 9,465 9,857 10,367 10,709 10,909 11,102

White 13,020 12,373 12,677 12,770 12,981 13,246 13,981 14,220 14,552 14,278Female 5,596 5,387 5,598 5,594 5,898 5,949 6,423 6,500 6,615 6,300Male 7,424 6,986 7,079 7,176 7,083 7,297 7,558 7,720 7,937 7,978

Asian or Pacific Islandera 1,556 1,377 1,437 1,540 1,655 1,788 1,973 1,933 1,947 2,054Female 636 574 623 696 752 826 897 924 937 1,031Male 920 803 814 844 903 962 1,076 1,009 1,010 1,023

Black 748 762 775 849 842 899 964 983 1,041 973Female 416 430 458 504 519 546 582 594 630 598Male 332 332 317 345 323 353 382 389 411 375

Hispanicb 815 758 784 916 973 1,003 1,071 1,162 1,098 1,169Female 439 399 399 507 536 557 602 639 564 620Male 376 359 385 409 437 446 469 523 534 549

American Indian or Alaska Native 78 73 95 103 85 96 105 102 120 103Female 42 43 55 52 51 47 57 56 61 49Male 36 30 40 51 34 49 48 46 59 54

Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 1,044 971 1,087 1,093 1,293 1,368 1,501 1,786 1,802 1,993Female 441 412 455 447 608 618 667 764 844 870Male 603 559 632 646 685 750 834 1,022 958 1,123

Science 14,699 14,053 14,618 14,924 15,377 15,686 16,601 17,006 17,186 17,063Female 7,087 6,794 7,158 7,307 7,853 7,937 8,551 8,673 8,795 8,562Male 7,612 7,259 7,460 7,617 7,524 7,749 8,050 8,333 8,391 8,501


Asian or Pacific Islandera 1,158 1,020 1,145 1,194 1,283 1,318 1,465 1,432 1,443 1,537Female 558 483 560 621 661 697 778 773 799 857Male 600 537 585 573 622 621 687 659 644 680

Black 650 682 681 750 741 789 847 855 902 819Female 386 406 431 471 490 502 543 546 587 546Male 264 276 250 279 251 287 304 309 315 273

Hispanicb 727 670 678 815 875 898 933 1,032 945 973Female 414 379 376 485 508 526 557 601 526 555Male 313 291 302 330 367 372 376 431 419 418


Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 920 833 925 933 1,114 1,164 1,251 1,492 1,478 1,649Female 413 384 421 419 570 577 600 693 741 765Male 507 449 504 514 544 587 651 799 737 884

Agricultural sciences 544 549 626 601 611 640 643 668 715 639Female 210 205 238 234 235 259 278 274 350 321Male 334 344 388 367 376 381 365 394 365 318

White 453 474 522 502 519 526 541 534 576 480Female 171 176 184 185 186 204 221 204 265 229Male 282 298 338 317 333 322 320 330 311 251

TABLE 7-7. S&E doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10


Field, sex, and race/ethnicity 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010TABLE 7-7. S&E doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2001–10

Asian or Pacific Islandera 24 17 28 28 22 25 24 34 34 32Female 13 6 19 17 12 14 14 20 18 17Male 11 11 9 11 10 11 10 14 16 15


Hispanicb 21 20 16 17 14 36 15 18 21 33Female 8 7 7 8 6 18 5 7 13 21Male 13 13 9 9 8 18 10 11 8 12


Other or unknown race or ethnicityc 29 22 33 27 33 24 36 48 51 41Female 10 10 15 12 16 8 19 22 33 21Male 19 12 18 15 17 16 17 26 18 20

Biological sciences 3,579 3,443 3,901 4,118 4,330 4,377 4,713 5,091 5,310 5,447Female 1,616 1,550 1,833 1,929 2,145 2,140 2,327 2,560 2,825 2,930Male 1,963 1,893 2,068 2,189 2,185 2,237 2,386 2,531 2,485 2,517







Computer sciences 395 410 413 455 500 551 680 667 730 782Female 84 102 90 110 103 130 145 153 161 177Male 311 308 323 345 397 421 535 514 569 605









Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 362 368 376 356 360 389 481 436 477 481

Female 119 135 127 130 126 148 205 168 191 199Male 243 233 249 226 234 241 276 268 286 282







Mathematics and statistics 525 438 513 508 540 583 645 671 788 863Female 145 129 149 153 152 151 193 218 235 245Male 380 309 364 355 388 432 452 453 553 618









Physical sciences 2,156 2,044 2,060 1,969 2,036 2,183 2,266 2,307 2,486 2,489Female 599 578 599 555 610 655 713 692 809 812Male 1,557 1,466 1,461 1,414 1,426 1,528 1,553 1,615 1,677 1,677

White 1,614 1,573 1,591 1,500 1,526 1,645 1,667 1,685 1,852 1,801Female 412 436 440 389 432 455 495 469 565 551Male 1,202 1,137 1,151 1,111 1,094 1,190 1,172 1,216 1,287 1,250






Psychology 4,381 4,042 4,059 4,191 4,452 4,230 4,450 4,359 3,770 3,334Female 3,012 2,749 2,804 2,898 3,178 3,083 3,235 3,142 2,730 2,354Male 1,369 1,293 1,255 1,293 1,274 1,147 1,215 1,217 1,040 980

White 3,373 3,104 3,145 3,057 3,241 3,034 3,171 3,036 2,664 2,342Female 2,275 2,079 2,144 2,042 2,287 2,172 2,262 2,157 1,899 1,608Male 1,098 1,025 1,001 1,015 954 862 909 879 765 734






Social sciences 2,757 2,759 2,670 2,726 2,548 2,733 2,723 2,807 2,910 3,028Female 1,302 1,346 1,318 1,298 1,304 1,371 1,455 1,466 1,494 1,524Male 1,455 1,413 1,352 1,428 1,244 1,362 1,268 1,341 1,416 1,504



White 2,059 2,061 1,947 2,023 1,821 1,905 1,908 1,960 2,011 2,075Female 961 984 921 943 881 919 1,007 1,014 992 1,010Male 1,098 1,077 1,026 1,080 940 986 901 946 1,019 1,065






Engineering 2,562 2,261 2,237 2,347 2,452 2,714 2,994 3,180 3,374 3,507Female 483 451 430 493 511 606 677 804 856 906Male 2,079 1,810 1,807 1,854 1,941 2,108 2,317 2,376 2,518 2,601

White 1,844 1,592 1,571 1,633 1,696 1,818 1,973 2,112 2,235 2,286Female 319 288 282 331 325 360 405 491 528 508Male 1,525 1,304 1,289 1,302 1,371 1,458 1,568 1,621 1,707 1,778








S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. c Before 2008, survey did not collect information on two or more races; during this period, category includes only race/ethnicity unknown. Beginning in 2008, survey allowed institutions to report race/ethnicity as two or more races; during this period, category includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races. NOTES: Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2001–10.


Sex and field

All U.S. citizens and permanent

residents White

Asian or Pacific

Islandera Black Hispanicb

American Indian or

Alaska Native

Other or unknown race

or ethnicityc

Female (number) 22,583 15,004 1,760 2,272 1,326 124 2,097All fields 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

S&E 41.9 41.9 58.6 26.3 46.8 39.5 41.5Science 37.9 38.5 48.7 24.0 41.9 37.9 36.5

Agricultural sciences 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.4 1.0Biological sciences 13.0 13.0 21.9 6.5 13.0 12.1 12.2Computer sciences 0.7 0.7 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.9Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0.9 1.1 0.6 * 0.4 0.0 0.9Mathematics and statistics 1.1 1.1 2.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 1.0Physical sciences 3.6 3.7 4.8 1.6 3.8 3.2 4.1Psychology 10.4 10.7 8.6 7.8 16.0 9.7 9.2Social sciences 6.8 6.7 7.7 5.9 6.0 10.5 7.2

Engineering 4.0 3.4 9.9 2.3 4.9 1.6 5.0Non-S&E 58.1 58.1 41.4 73.7 53.3 60.5 58.4

Education 26.9 26.1 14.0 46.5 26.4 23.4 22.9Health 11.8 12.3 10.5 9.6 8.0 9.7 13.7Humanities 6.8 7.3 3.9 3.3 8.1 10.5 8.7Other non-S&E 12.6 12.4 13.0 14.3 10.8 16.9 13.1

Male (number) 19,176 13,666 1,423 1,100 968 100 1,919All fields 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

S&E 58.0 58.4 72.1 34.3 56.6 54.0 58.5Science 44.4 45.4 48.0 25.0 43.1 46.0 46.0

Agricultural sciences 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.2 3.0 1.0Biological sciences 13.1 13.2 18.6 5.4 15.9 6.0 11.9Computer sciences 3.2 2.9 6.3 2.0 1.0 3.0 4.2Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1.5 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.1 2.0 1.5Mathematics and statistics 3.2 3.4 3.2 1.4 2.4 2.0 3.5Physical sciences 8.8 9.2 9.4 3.9 6.0 7.0 9.7Psychology 5.1 5.4 3.2 3.2 6.7 7.0 4.9Social sciences 7.8 7.8 5.8 7.1 8.8 16.0 9.3

Engineering 13.6 13.0 24.1 9.3 13.5 8.0 12.5Non-S&E 42.1 41.6 28.1 66.0 43.3 46.0 41.5

Education 14.5 13.6 6.7 36.0 17.6 12.0 13.0Health 4.6 4.5 6.1 4.4 3.8 6.0 4.8Humanities 7.2 7.7 2.8 4.5 9.3 9.0 7.7Other non-S&E 15.8 15.8 12.5 21.1 12.6 19.0 16.0

TABLE 7-8. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex, field, and race/ethnicity: 2010 (Percent distribution)


S&E = science and engineering; * = value < 0.1%.

a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.b Includes Hispanic of one or more races.c Includes two or more races and race/ethnicity unknown. Data on students of two or more races are based on data from institutions that used the optional new race/ethnicity categories and are not representative of all students who could be classified into two or more races.

NOTES: Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship.


Academic institutionDoctorate recipients Academic institution

Doctorate recipients

Female, all institutions 63,474 Male, all institutions 96,198Foreign or unknown 24,033 Foreign or unknown 48,112Top 50 U.S. institutions 13,346 Top 50 U.S. institutions 18,709

University of California, Berkeley 695 University of California, Berkeley 989Cornell University 545 Cornell University 750University of California, Los Angeles 448 Brigham Young University 719University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 430 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 606University of Wisconsin, Madison 407 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 601University of Texas, Austin 391 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 601University of Florida 383 Pennsylvania State University, main campus 593University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 373 University of Wisconsin, Madison 541Massachusetts Institute of Technology 367 Harvard University 506Harvard University 354 University of Florida 499Pennsylvania State University, main campus 344 University of Texas, Austin 494University of California, Davis 342 University of California, Los Angeles 492University of California, San Diego 325 University of California, Davis 426Brown University 319 University of California, San Diego 404University of Washington, Seattle 297 Stanford University 402University of Virginia, main campus 287 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 375Stanford University 271 Texas A&M University 371Texas A&M University 268 Ohio State University, main campus 356Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 258 University of Virginia, main campus 354Duke University 257 North Carolina State University, Raleigh 352University of Maryland, College Park 254 Purdue University, main campus 350University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 254 Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 346Michigan State University 235 Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 346Ohio State University, main campus 234 University of Washington, Seattle 338University of California, Santa Cruz 234 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 336Princeton University 233 University of Arizona 331University of Pennsylvania 230 University of Maryland, College Park 328Yale University 229 Princeton University 323University of Arizona 219 University of California, Santa Barbara 300University of Colorado, Boulder 212 Iowa State University 293Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 212 Carnegie Mellon University 290Northwestern University 210 Michigan State University 281University of Chicago 208 Brown University 279Boston University 206 University of Pennsylvania 276University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 205 Duke University 275University of California, Santa Barbara 204 California Institute of Technology 271Arizona State University, Tempe 186 Northwestern University 269Wellesley College 182 University of Chicago 267College of William and Mary 181 Yale University 258University of California, Irvine 177 University of Colorado, Boulder 254New York University 173 University of California, Santa Cruz 246University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 172 University of Utah 240Smith College 170 Washington University, St Louis 227University of Georgia 170 Columbia University in the City of New York 226University of Delaware 169 University of Rochester 226Indiana University, Bloomington 168 University of Notre Dame 225Purdue University, main campus 167 Rice University 223Columbia University in the City of New York 166 Johns Hopkins University 220University of Notre Dame 163 Boston University 218Iowa State University 162 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 216

Other U.S. institutions 26,095 Other U.S. institutions 29,377

NOTES: Excludes doctorate recipients who reported that they did not receive a baccalaureate degree. Institutions with same number of doctorate recipients are listed alphabetically. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences.


TABLE 7-9. Top baccalaureate institutions of S&E doctorate recipients, by sex: 2006–10



Academic institution Doctorate recipients

All institutions 5,804Foreign or unknown 1,747Top 52 U.S. institutions 1,713

Howard University 112Spelman College 80Florida A&M University 73Xavier University of Louisiana 66Hampton University 64Morehouse College 61Morgan State University 61North Carolina A&T State University 49Southern University and A&M College 46University of Maryland, Baltimore County 46Tuskegee University 40University of Maryland, College Park 38Alabama A&M University 35Harvard University 35Brown University 32Massachusetts Institute of Technology 32Tennessee State University 32University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 32University of Florida 31University of California, Berkeley 30Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 29University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 29University of Virginia, main campus 29Jackson State University 28Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 28Michigan State University 26Yale University 26Cornell University 25Florida State University 25North Carolina State University, Raleigh 25Louisiana State University and A&M College 24Prairie View A&M University 24University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 24North Carolina Central University 22Temple University 22Tougaloo College 22University of Pennsylvania 22CUNY City College 21Clark Atlanta University 21Princeton University 21University of Missouri, Columbia 21Ohio State University, main campus 20Pennsylvania State University, main campus 20Duke University 19Grambling State University 19CUNY Hunter College 18Dillard University 18Fisk University 18Lincoln University of Pennsylvania 18University of California, Davis 18

TABLE 7-10. Top baccalaureate institutions of black S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10


Academic institution Doctorate recipientsTABLE 7-10. Top baccalaureate institutions of black S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10

University of Georgia 18University of Texas, Austin 18

Other U.S. institutions 2,344





Academic institution Doctorate recipientsAll institutions 8,584

Foreign or unknown 3,833Top 50 U.S. institutions 2,500

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 285University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 257University of California, Los Angeles 110University of Florida 100University of California, Berkeley 99University of Texas, El Paso 78University of Texas, Austin 72Florida International University 68Texas A&M University 60University of Arizona 57Massachusetts Institute of Technology 56University of California, San Diego 56Cornell University 54University of Miami 54New Mexico State University, main campus 49University of California, Santa Cruz 48University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla 47University of Puerto Rico, Cayey 47University of California, Davis 44University of New Mexico, main campus 44Harvard University 42University of Puerto Rico, Humacao 42University of California, Irvine 41Stanford University 36Arizona State University, Tempe 33Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 33University of California, Santa Barbara 33California State University, Los Angeles 31University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 31University of California, Riverside 30University of South Florida, main campus 30Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce 26Rice University 26Brown University 25University of Central Florida 25University of Southern California 25University of Texas, San Antonio 25Boston University 24San Diego State University 24Columbia University in the City of New York 23Princeton University 23St. Mary's University 23University of Houston 22Florida State University 21University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 21Brigham Young University 20New York University 20Pennsylvania State University, main campus 20University of Texas, Pan American 20Yale University 20

Other U.S. institutions 2,251S&E = science and engineering.



TABLE 7-11. Top baccalaureate institutions of Hispanic S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10



All institutions 361Foreign or unknown 57Top 9 U.S. institutions 58

Oklahoma State University, main campus 13Northern Arizona University 7Cornell University 6Northeastern State University 6University of North Dakota 6Brigham Young University 5University of Arizona 5University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 5University of Montana 5

Other U.S. institutions 246

TABLE 7-12. Top baccalaureate institutions of American Indian/Alaska Native S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10






All institutions 50,169Foreign or unknown 42,560Top 50 U.S. institutions 4,733

University of California, Berkeley 601University of California, Los Angeles 283Massachusetts Institute of Technology 257Cornell University 230Harvard University 171University of California, Davis 147Stanford University 145University of California, San Diego 141University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 129University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 125University of Texas, Austin 125University of California, Irvine 120University of Wisconsin, Madison 103California Institute of Technology 99University of Washington, Seattle 98Northwestern University 89University of Pennsylvania 83Johns Hopkins University 81Princeton University 80Brown University 79Carnegie Mellon University 79Yale University 79Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 76University of Chicago 72Columbia University in the City of New York 70Purdue University, main campus 68Duke University 67University of Maryland, College Park 67Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 63University of Hawaii, Manoa 61University of Florida 60Ohio State University, main campus 55Pennsylvania State University, main campus 54University of Virginia, main campus 51University of Arizona 50University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 50Boston University 45New York University 45University of California, Riverside 45Stony Brook University 42Washington University, St. Louis 41University of Southern California 39SUNY at Buffalo 37Texas A&M University 35University of California, Santa Barbara 34University of Oklahoma, Norman 34University of Rochester 34Wellesley College 33Brandeis University 31Rice University 30

Other U.S. institutions 2,876

TABLE 7-13. Top baccalaureate institutions of Asian S&E doctorate recipients: 2006–10





Academic institution Doctorate recipients Academic institution Doctorate recipientsWithout disability, all institutions 112,770 With disability, all institutions 1,396

Foreign or unknown 49,179 Foreign or unknown 172Top 49 U.S. institutions 23,024 Top 49 U.S. institutions 409

University of California, Berkeley 1,231 University of California, Berkeley 22Cornell University 983 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 14University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 772 Pennsylvania State University, main campus 13Massachusetts Institute of Technology 737 University of California, Santa Cruz 13University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 734 University of California, Davis 12University of Wisconsin, Madison 700 Brigham Young University 11Pennsylvania State University, main campus 680 Cornell University 11Harvard University 676 Iowa State University 11University of California, Los Angeles 673 University of California, Santa Barbara 11University of Florida 638 University of Florida 11University of Texas, Austin 633 Arizona State University, Tempe 10Brigham Young University 614 Harvard University 10University of California, Davis 570 Ohio State University, main campus 9University of California, San Diego 532 Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 9Stanford University 483 University of California, San Diego 9University of Virginia, main campus 481 University of Texas, Austin 9Texas A&M University 474 Brown University 8Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 456 California Institute of Technology 8Brown University 454 New York University 8University of Washington, Seattle 446 Oberlin College 8Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 424 Oklahoma State University, main campus 8Princeton University 422 Stanford University 8University of Maryland, College Park 409 University of Arizona 8University of Arizona 407 University of California, Irvine 8Ohio State University, main campus 404 University of Maryland, College Park 8University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 404 Duke University 7Duke University 386 Michigan State University 7North Carolina State University, Raleigh 381 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 7University of Pennsylvania 381 University of Iowa 7Michigan State University 380 University of Pennsylvania 7Yale University 367 University of Washington, Seattle 7Purdue University, main campus 358 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 7University of California, Santa Barbara 355 Yale University 7University of Chicago 354 Boston College 6Northwestern University 352 Boston University 6University of California, Santa Cruz 351 Brandeis University 6Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 332 Carleton College 6Iowa State University 326 Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 6University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 326 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6Carnegie Mellon University 319 Purdue University, main campus 6University of Colorado, Boulder 313 San Jose State University 6Boston University 309 Skidmore College 6University of Notre Dame 296 Temple University 6Arizona State University, Tempe 290 University of California, Los Angeles 6University of Delaware 288 University of Colorado, Boulder 6University of Rochester 285 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 6California Institute of Technology 281 University of Missouri, Columbia 6Johns Hopkins University 281 University of Notre Dame 6Columbia University in the City of New York 276 University of Wisconsin, Madison 6

Other U.S. institutions 40,567 Other U.S. institutions 815

NOTES: Excludes doctorate recipients who reported that they did not receive a baccalaureate degree. Excludes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Respondents were first asked whether they have a disability and were then asked to mark one or more categories describing the disability or disabilities (blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability). Data for 2010 were not included in table because questions about disability were revised at that time. Institutions with same number of doctorate recipients are listed alphabetically.


TABLE 7-14. Top baccalaureate institutions of S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2006–09





Female MaleAll institutions 65,966 All institutions 96,366

Top 50 institutions 31,444 Top 50 institutions 54,260U. CA, Berkeley 1,095 U. CA, Berkeley 2,051U. MI, at Ann Arbor 1,019 MA Institute of Technology 1,878Alliant International U., San Diego 976 U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 1,867U. WI, Madison 919 Stanford U. 1,844U. CA, Davis 908 U. MI, Ann Arbor 1,815U. FL 905 U. TX, Austin 1,676U. CA, Los Angeles 897 GA Institute of Technology, Main Campus 1,637U. MN, Twin Cities 822 U. FL 1,594U. WA, Seattle 818 U. WI, Madison 1,573OH State U., Main Campus 782 Purdue U., Main Campus 1,549Stanford U. 782 U. CA, Los Angeles 1,546Harvard U. 757 Texas A&M U. College Station 1,475Cornell U. 753 PA State U, Main Campus 1,424U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 741 OH State U., Main Campus 1,372U. TX, Austin 731 U. MN, Twin Cities 1,329PA State U, Main Campus 729 U. MD, College Park 1,316MA Institute of Technology 714 Cornell U. 1,223U. MD, College Park 689 U. WA, Seattle 1,193Columbia U. in the City of New York 679 Harvard U. 1,177U. CA, San Diego 657 U. CA, San Diego 1,136U. NC, Chapel Hill 648 U. CA, Davis 1,099Purdue U., Main Campus 641 NC State U., Raleigh 1,095Rutgers State U. NJ, New Brunswick 639 U. Southern CA 1,064U. Southern CA 624 VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. 959U. PA 602 Columbia U. in the City of New York 949Texas A&M U., College Station 598 U. AZ 883NC State U., Raleigh 572 U. PA 876MI State U. 563 U. CA, Irvine 853Yale U. 543 Northwestern U. 845U. AZ 537 MI State U. 842Northwestern U. 536 Princeton U. 827Boston U. 535 Johns Hopkins U. 803Capella U. 534 U. CA, Santa Barbara 797CUNY, Graduate School and U. Center 522 AZ State U. 794GA Institute of Technology, Main Campus 522 U. CO, Boulder 776U. CA, Irvine 506 IA State U. 775Johns Hopkins U. 500 Rutgers U., New Brunswick 754U. GA 478 Carnegie Mellon U. 751U. Chicago 475 U. NC, Chapel Hill 730SUNY, Stony Brook 434 U. Chicago 724U. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 433 Boston U. 681NY U. 425 Yale U. 681U. CT 422 SUNY, Stony Brook U. 676U. VA, Main Campus 411 CA Institute of Technology 665Vanderbilt U. 404 U. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 657U. CO, Boulder 402 U. VA, Main Campus 625Duke U. 401 WA U., St. Louis 615VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. 393 U. MA, Amherst 601

TABLE 7-15. Top 50 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by sex of recipient: 2006–10




TABLE 7-15. Top 50 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by sex of recipient: 2006–10

U. CA, Santa Barbara 390 SUNY, U. Buffalo 596AZ State U. 381 U. UT 592




NOTES: Institutions with the same number of doctorate recipients are listed alphabetically. Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in other tables and figures in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship.




Asian or Pacific Islandera BlackAll institutions 9,695 All institutions 4,860

Top 20 institutions 3,921 Top 20 institutions 1,446U. CA, Berkeley 373 Howard U. 189U. CA, Los Angeles 363 Capella U. 121U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 313 U. MI, Ann Arbor 118Duke U. 279 U. FL 86Stanford U. 236 Alliant International U., San Diego 79MA Institute of Technology 230 U. CA, Berkeley 74U. MI, Ann Arbor 214 GA Institute of Technology, Main Campus 72Wayne State U. 210 U. MD, College Park 69U. CA, San Diego 200 CUNY, Graduate School and U. Center 63U. CA, Davis 166 U. NC, Chapel Hill 60Harvard U. 162 Walden U. (Minneapolis, MN) 59U. CA, Irvine 161 Argosy U., Sarasota 56U. Southern CA 153 NC State U., Raleigh 54U. WA, Seattle 135 Yale U. 52U. CA, San Francisco 128 Purdue U., Main Campus 51Alliant International U., San Diego 124 Wayne State U. 51U. HI, Manoa 124 Nova Southeastern U. 49GA Institute of Technology, Main Campus 118 U. GA 49U. PA 116 Temple U. 48U. TX, Austin 116 Clark Atlanta U. 46

All other institutions 5,774 All other institutions 3,414

Hispanicb American Indian or Alaska NativeAll institutions 5,503 All institutions 526

Top 20 institutions 1,997 Top 20 institutions 207Carlos Albizu U., San Juan 272 U. CA, Berkeley 28U. PR, Rio Piedras 219 U. AZ 21U. CA, Berkeley 144 OK State U., Main Campus 15Pontificial Catholic U. PR 134 U. MN, Twin Cities 15Alliant International U., San Diego 117 SUNY, U. Buffalo 10U. CA, Los Angeles 115 Alliant International U., San Diego 9U. FL 91 Stanford U. 9U. MI, Ann Arbor 83 U. NC, Chapel Hill 9U. TX, Austin 78 U. OK, Norman 9Harvard U. 77 WA State U. 9Stanford U. 77 MI State U. 8Texas A&M U., College Station 76 U. MI, Ann Arbor 8U. CA, San Diego 74 U. ND, All Campuses 8U. CA, Irvine 67 AZ State U., Main Campus 7Carlos Albizu U. Miami 66 Capella U. 7Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences 65 CO State U., Fort Collins 7U. IL, Urbana-Champaign 65 TX A&M U., College Station 7Cornell U., All Campuses 59 U. CA, San Diego 7

TABLE 7-16. Top 20 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by race/ethnicity of U.S. citizen and permanent resident minority recipients: 2006–10




TABLE 7-16. Top 20 academic institutions awarding S&E doctoral degrees, by race/ethnicity of U.S. citizen and permanent resident minority recipients: 2006–10

U. PR, Mayaguez Campus 59 U. WA, Seattle 7U. WI, Madison 59 VA Polytechnic Institute and State U. 7

All other institutions 3,506 All other institutions 319S&E = science and engineering. a Includes Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. b Beginning in 2008, category includes Hispanic of one or more races. NOTES: Institutions with the same number of doctorate recipients are listed alphabetically. Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in other tables and figures in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). SED data are for research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology. Before 2008 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used two doctoral degree categories: doctor’s and first-professional. In 2008 and 2009 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor's-research/scholarship, doctor's-professional practice, and doctor's-other. In 2010 NCES required institutions to use only the three new doctoral degree categories. With new reporting system, degrees formerly classified as first-professional (e.g., MDs and JDs) can be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor's-professional practice. In this table data for 2008 and 2009 include only doctorates reported under the old doctor’s degree category plus those reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. Data for 2010 include only doctorates reported as doctor's-research/scholarship. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2006–10.


Academic institution Doctorate recipients Academic institution Doctorate recipientsWithout disability With disability

All institutions 113,893 All institutions 1,406Top institutions 63,162 Top institutions 683

University of California, Berkeley 2,533 University of California, Berkeley 36University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 2,086 University of California, Davis 26University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 2,071 Texas A&M University 22University of Wisconsin, Madison 2,052 University of California, Los Angeles 22Stanford University 1,951 Stanford University 21University of Florida 1,905 University of Maryland, College Park 19University of California, Los Angeles 1,852 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 19Pennsylvania State University, main campus 1,832 University of Texas, Austin 19Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1,733 University of Wisconsin, Madison 18Texas A&M University 1,691 Ohio State University, main campus 17Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 1,682 University of Washington, Seattle 17University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 1,679 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 16Cornell University 1,629 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 16Harvard University 1,612 Harvard University 15University of California, Davis 1,572 Pennsylvania State University, main campus 15Purdue University, main campus 1,458 Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 15University of Washington, Seattle 1,436 University of California, Santa Barbara 15University of California, San Diego 1,381 University of Connecticut 15University of Southern California 1,340 George Mason University 14University of Texas, Austin 1,293 University of Colorado, Boulder 14Ohio State University, main campus 1,280 University of Florida 14North Carolina State University, Raleigh 1,276 University of Massachusetts, Amherst 14University of Maryland, College Park 1,248 Cornell University 13University of Pennsylvania 1,187 Iowa State University 13Columbia University in the City of New York 1,186 SUNY at Buffalo 13University of Arizona 1,149 University of Arizona 13Northwestern University 1,086 Brown University 12University of California, Irvine 1,059 Florida State University 12Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway 991 New York University 12Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 990 North Carolina State University, Raleigh 12University of California, Santa Barbara 953 University of California, Irvine 12Princeton University 951 University of Southern California 12Michigan State University 945 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 12Iowa State University 944 Walden University 12Yale University 907 Arizona State University, Tempe 11Boston University 901 Georgia Institute of Technology, main campus 11University of Chicago 900 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 11Stony Brook University 886 University of California, San Diego 11University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 867 University of Kansas 11Duke University 847 University of Utah 11Arizona State University, Tempe 837 Fielding Graduate University 10University of Virginia, main campus 835 Kansas State University 10Johns Hopkins University 824 Oklahoma State University, main campus 10University of Connecticut 823 University of California, Riverside 10SUNY, Buffalo 777 University of Miami 10Washington University, St. Louis 770 University of Tennessee 10CUNY Graduate School and University Center 768 Yale University 10Carnegie Mellon University 741 All other institutions 723California Institute of Technology 734University of Massachusetts, Amherst 712

All other institutions 50,731


TABLE 7-17. S&E doctoral degrees awarded by leading institutions, by disability status of recipient: 2006–09


NOTES: Excludes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown. Institutions with same number of doctorate recipients are listed alphabetically. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Respondents were first asked whether they have a disability and were then asked to mark one or more categories describing the disability or disabilities (blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability). Data for 2010 were not included in table because the questions about disability were revised at that time.



Sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll S&E doctorate

recipients All institutions

Research universities (very

high research)

Research universities (high

research)

Doctoral/research

universities

Medical schools/medical

centers

Other or unknown

Carnegie group

All doctorate recipients 19,983 100.0 75.7 15.0 3.6 3.3 2.4Male 10,826 100.0 78.5 14.2 3.0 2.7 1.6Female 9,157 100.0 72.5 15.8 4.3 4.0 3.3 White 14,898 100.0 76.0 15.3 3.6 3.0 2.2Asian 2,125 100.0 80.6 11.0 1.9 4.7 1.8Black 903 100.0 62.0 23.3 6.3 4.0 4.4Hispanica 1,155 100.0 73.4 13.0 4.4 5.3 3.9American Indian/Alaskan Native 76 100.0 64.5 23.7 D D 2.6Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 38 100.0 71.1 13.2 D D 2.6Two or more races 442 100.0 77.4 12.2 D D 3.4Other race/ethnicity 123 100.0 80.5 10.6 D D 2.4Unknown race/ethnicity 223 100.0 80.7 12.1 4.0 0.4 2.7 Without disabilityb 18,058 100.0 76.5 14.6 3.3 3.4 2.2With disability 758 100.0 72.7 17.4 5.7 2.0 2.2


TABLE 7-18. Carnegie classification of doctorate-granting institutions of U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

b Excludes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown.


S&E = science and engineering.a Includes persons reporting a Hispanic ethnicity, whether singly or in combination with one or more races.

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Total includes doctorate recipients who did not report sex; detail does not sum total.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013149

Sex and primary source of support All S&E All scienceAgricultural

sciencesBiological sciences

Computer sciences

Earth, atmospheric,

and ocean sciences



Social sciences Engineering

All recipients (number)a 92,518 78,043 3,070 25,687 3,446 2,693 3,506 10,846 14,268 14,527 14,475

All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Personal or family funds 14.7 15.9 14.3 6.2 14.9 7.5 6.8 3.9 36.5 25.8 8.2

Loans 6.0 6.8 4.2 1.5 3.1 1.3 1.3 0.8 21.6 9.9 1.4Savings 1.5 1.5 1.9 0.7 3.4 1.6 1.1 0.5 1.9 2.8 1.8Other earnings in graduate school 3.4 3.5 4.9 1.3 5.9 3.2 1.9 0.8 4.6 7.6 3.1Other family earnings or savings 3.7 4.1 3.3 2.7 2.4 1.4 2.6 1.8 8.3 5.5 1.8

Teaching assistantship 14.6 16.3 9.6 8.5 9.4 14.9 47.9 18.2 16.3 24.4 5.3

Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 28.0 25.6 38.7 25.6 39.5 36.3 11.2 47.2 19.1 11.3 41.3

Research assistantship 25.5 22.8 37.6 21.4 38.5 35.5 10.2 46.3 14.2 10.1 40.2Traineeship, internship or residency, other assistantship 2.5 2.8 1.0 4.2 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 4.9 1.2 1.2

Fellowship/scholarship or dissertation grant 34.0 34.3 25.2 53.5 22.2 34.5 27.1 24.3 18.0 30.4 32.5

Fellowship/scholarship 24.8 24.5 18.3 31.8 17.8 25.8 24.0 18.4 14.7 28.6 26.5Grant/stipend 9.2 9.8 6.9 21.6 4.5 8.7 3.1 5.9 3.3 1.8 6.0

Employer reimbursement or assistance 3.1 2.3 6.4 1.7 8.0 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.2 2.9 7.5Other or unknown source of support 5.5 5.6 5.8 4.5 5.9 4.5 4.5 5.1 8.8 5.2 5.1

Female (number) 42,172 38,552 1,346 13,305 770 1,109 1,051 3,301 10,165 7,505 3,620









Male (number) 50,344 39,489 1,724 12,382 2,676 1,584 2,454 7,544 4,103 7,022 10,855


Science

TABLE 7-19. Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and sex: 2006–10 (Percent distribution)

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pd/

Sex and primary source of support All S&E All scienceAgricultural


Computer sciences

Earth, atmospheric,

and ocean sciences




Science

TABLE 7-19. Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and sex: 2006–10 (Percent distribution)








a Total includes doctorate recipients who did not report sex; detail does not sum to total.


NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences.


Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013151

Race/ethnicity and primary source of support All S&E All scienceAgricultural


Computer sciences

Earth, atmospheric,

and ocean sciences




All recipients (number) 92,518 78,043 3,070 25,687 3,446 2,693 3,506 10,846 14,268 14,527 14,475All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 14.7 15.9 14.3 6.2 14.9 7.5 6.8 3.9 36.5 25.8 8.2Teaching assistantship 14.6 16.3 9.6 8.5 9.4 14.9 47.9 18.2 16.3 24.4 5.3Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 28.0 25.6 38.7 25.6 39.5 36.3 11.2 47.2 19.1 11.3 41.3Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 34.0 34.3 25.2 53.5 22.2 34.5 27.1 24.3 18.0 30.4 32.5Other 8.7 7.9 12.2 6.2 13.9 6.8 6.9 6.4 10.0 8.1 12.7

White (number) 69,628 59,517 2,528 19,204 2,457 2,339 2,719 8,557 10,840 10,873 10,111All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 15.1 16.2 15.1 6.7 15.4 7.6 7.4 4.0 37.0 26.0 8.6Teaching assistantship 15.6 17.4 10.0 9.4 9.4 15.8 50.1 18.1 18.0 26.2 5.3Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 28.9 26.7 38.8 26.4 39.6 36.6 10.7 49.0 20.5 12.1 41.5Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 32.6 32.7 25.2 51.8 22.2 33.6 25.6 23.4 16.1 28.5 32.3Other 7.8 7.0 11.0 5.7 13.3 6.4 6.3 5.4 8.5 7.2 12.4

Asiana (number) 9,528 7,113 151 3,017 618 98 379 1,031 794 1,025 2,415All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 8.7 9.3 6.6 3.9 12.1 D D 2.6 30.1 16.5 6.8Teaching assistantship 12.6 14.9 11.3 6.2 11.8 7.1 42.5 20.1 18.4 25.4 6.0Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 34.5 29.6 47.0 28.7 44.5 48.0 16.4 48.3 18.5 13.4 49.2Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 35.0 38.2 19.9 54.2 17.6 D D 21.2 25.8 37.1 25.3Other 9.2 8.1 15.2 7.0 13.9 10.2 6.9 7.8 7.2 7.7 12.7

Black (number) 4,233 3,652 137 1,002 130 42 116 343 852 1,030 581All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 20.0 21.9 D D 26.2 D 6.0 4.4 39.1 31.5 8.3Teaching assistantship 9.8 10.5 D D D 14.3 37.1 19.0 7.7 13.8 5.2Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 15.1 13.9 35.8 15.2 D D 5.2 26.2 11.7 7.4 22.7Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 43.9 42.6 27.0 66.1 32.3 47.6 40.5 39.1 30.0 34.8 52.3Other 11.2 11.1 21.2 7.0 20.0 2.4 11.2 11.4 11.4 12.6 11.5

Hispanicb (number) 5,166 4,442 135 1,467 90 108 150 484 1,120 888 724All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 15.9 17.1 11.9 4.8 13.3 9.3 4.7 3.3 36.4 24.8 8.3Teaching assistantship 10.3 11.0 D 5.5 D D 36.0 17.8 7.9 18.1 6.4Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 19.4 17.4 38.5 17.8 31.1 31.5 12.7 32.4 13.5 8.2 31.2Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 43.7 43.6 D 65.8 D 50.0 42.0 38.6 21.1 40.1 43.8Other 10.8 10.9 13.3 6.0 D D 4.7 7.9 21.1 8.8 10.4

American Indian/Alaska Native (number) 336 300 22 73 5 5 8 25 82 80 36All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 22.6 D D D 0.0 0.0 0.0 D 35.4 D DTeaching assistantship 12.8 D 22.7 D 0.0 D D D 9.8 18.8 D

(Percent distribution)Science

TABLE 7-20. Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and race/ethnicity: 2006–10

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pd/

Race/ethnicity and primary source of support All S&E All scienceAgricultural


Computer sciences

Earth, atmospheric,

and ocean sciences




(Percent distribution)Science

TABLE 7-20. Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by field and race/ethnicity: 2006–10

Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 16.4 16.7 36.4 21.9 D D D 36.0 12.2 D 13.9Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 34.8 34.0 D 50.7 D D D 32.0 28.0 33.8 41.7Other 13.4 12.7 18.2 11.0 D D 0.0 8.0 14.6 11.3 19.4

Two or more races (number) 1,816 1,555 40 495 62 38 52 185 358 325 261All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 15.8 17.2 12.5 4.4 9.7 D D 3.2 38.5 D 7.3Teaching assistantship 12.6 14.3 17.5 7.9 11.3 D D 15.7 14.2 19.4 2.3Research assistantship, traineeship, or internship 27.1 23.5 30.0 25.5 48.4 36.8 D 49.7 17.9 D 48.3Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 38.1 38.6 27.5 58.2 27.4 39.5 30.8 25.9 20.9 40.0 35.2Other 6.4 6.4 12.5 4.0 3.2 2.6 13.5 5.4 8.4 7.4 6.9

Other or not reported race/ethnicityc (number) 1,811 1,464 57 429 84 63 82 221 222 306 347All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 12.3 D 10.5 5.6 10.7 9.5 6.1 D 25.2 28.4 DTeaching assistantship 11.6 D 8.8 7.0 4.8 6.3 40.2 D 11.3 20.9 DResearch assistantship, traineeship, or internship 20.3 17.6 26.3 17.0 35.7 19.0 11.0 34.4 11.3 5.6 31.7Fellowship/scholarship or grant/stipend 28.1 28.4 19.3 47.3 23.8 33.3 19.5 17.6 15.8 23.2 26.5Other 27.8 26.7 35.1 23.1 25.0 31.7 23.2 29.0 36.5 21.9 32.6

c Includes doctorate recipients not of Hispanic origin who did not indicate their race, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, and doctorate recipients with unknown race and ethnicity.

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences.


D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.

S&E = science and engineering. a Excludes Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander not of Hispanic origin. b Includes Hispanic/Latino of one or more races.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013153

Primary source of support All recipientsa Without disability With disability

All recipients (number) 72,535 67,494 1,263 All sources 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal or family funds 14.9 15.3 27.3Loans 6.0 6.2 13.0Savings 1.5 1.6 3.4Other earnings in graduate school 3.5 3.6 5.5Other family earnings or savings 3.9 4.0 5.4

Teaching assistantship 14.3 15.0 15.6 Research assistantship, traineeship, and internship 27.6 29.0 20.7

Research assistantship 25.1 26.4 18.4Traineeship 1.6 1.7 DInternship or residency 0.1 D DOther assistantship 0.7 D D

Fellowship/scholarship and dissertation grant 34.3 36.0 30.6Fellowship/scholarship 24.7 25.9 22.8Grant/stipend 9.6 10.1 7.8

Employer reimbursement or assistance 3.2 3.3 3.4Other 5.7 1.4 2.4


TABLE 7-21. Primary source of support for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by disability status: 2006–09(Percent distribution)


a Includes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown.

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Other source of support includes foreign and unknown source of support. Data in this table refer to research doctorates only and differ from doctoral degree data in this report that are based on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completions Survey. Greatest differences are in psychology, education, and medical/other health sciences. Respondents are asked if they have a disability and then are asked to mark one or more types of disability (blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability). Data for 2010 were not included in table because questions about disability were revised at that time.



S&E 44,051 15,299 28,752 18,043 7,946 10,097 26,008 7,353 18,655Sciences 37,095 13,872 23,223 15,385 7,325 8,060 21,710 6,547 15,163

Agricultural sciences 1,195 447 748 611 264 347 584 183 401Biological sciences 21,537 9,352 12,185 10,188 4,794 5,394 11,349 4,558 6,791

Anatomy 437 197 240 247 114 133 190 83 107Biochemistry 2,533 997 1,536 1,164 508 656 1,369 489 880Biology 2,555 1,068 1,487 1,317 579 738 1,238 489 749Biometry and epidemiology 466 234 232 233 147 86 233 87 146Biophysics 240 73 167 105 34 71 135 39 96Botany 603 210 393 286 103 183 317 107 210Cell biology 2,796 1,137 1,659 1,222 501 721 1,574 636 938Ecology 238 106 132 158 75 83 80 31 49Entomology and parasitology 233 94 139 130 52 78 103 42 61Genetics 1,389 611 778 688 336 352 701 275 426Microbiology, immunology, and virology 2,374 1,090 1,284 1,134 562 572 1,240 528 712Nutrition 219 123 96 112 74 38 107 49 58Pathology 1,797 851 946 750 394 356 1,047 457 590Pharmacology 1,656 757 899 728 371 357 928 386 542Physiology 1,448 640 808 685 336 349 763 304 459Zoology 76 28 48 61 25 36 15 3 12Other 2,477 1,136 1,341 1,168 583 585 1,309 553 756

Communication 60 22 38 37 14 23 23 8 15Computer sciences 748 126 622 313 65 248 435 61 374Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,760 602 1,158 951 351 600 809 251 558

Atmospheric 184 51 133 76 22 54 108 29 79Earth 601 185 416 279 89 190 322 96 226Ocean 332 160 172 192 104 88 140 56 84Other 643 206 437 404 136 268 239 70 169

Family and consumer science/human science 30 23 7 22 16 6 8 7 1Mathematics and statistics 756 169 587 391 90 301 365 79 286

Mathematics/applied mathematics 680 155 525 358 84 274 322 71 251Statistics 76 14 62 33 6 27 43 8 35

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies 765 259 506 450 164 286 315 95 220Neuroscience 818 374 444 390 193 197 428 181 247Physical sciences 7,703 1,611 6,092 3,198 691 2,507 4,505 920 3,585

Astronomy 532 133 399 275 69 206 257 64 193Chemistry 4,241 986 3,255 1,682 426 1,256 2,559 560 1,999Physics 2,628 444 2,184 1,107 176 931 1,521 268 1,253Other 302 48 254 134 20 114 168 28 140

Psychology 1,077 585 492 765 451 314 312 134 178Clinical 123 95 28 114 90 24 9 5 4General 634 322 312 434 229 205 200 93 107Nonclinical 320 168 152 217 132 85 103 36 67

All citizenship categories U.S. citizens and permanent residents Temporary residentsTABLE 8-1. S&E postdoctoral fellows in academic institutions, by field, citizenship, and sex: 2010

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ngineering: 2013155

Field Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female MaleAll citizenship categories U.S. citizens and permanent residents Temporary residents

TABLE 8-1. S&E postdoctoral fellows in academic institutions, by field, citizenship, and sex: 2010

Social sciences 646 302 344 445 232 213 201 70 131Agricultural economics 44 11 33 24 5 19 20 6 14Anthropology (cultural and social) 83 44 39 65 36 29 18 8 10Economics 47 12 35 24 5 19 23 7 16Geography 62 23 39 46 19 27 16 4 12History and philosophy of science 13 7 6 7 3 4 6 4 2Linguistics 27 10 17 14 7 7 13 3 10Political science and public administration 85 41 44 66 36 30 19 5 14Sociology 81 48 33 65 39 26 16 9 7Sociology/anthropology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Other 204 106 98 134 82 52 70 24 46

Engineering 6,956 1,427 5,529 2,658 621 2,037 4,298 806 3,492Aerospace 191 25 166 69 11 58 122 14 108Agricultural 119 38 81 37 16 21 82 22 60Architecture 10 5 5 5 2 3 5 3 2Biomedical 1,036 298 738 499 157 342 537 141 396Chemical 1,092 234 858 454 96 358 638 138 500Civil 570 144 426 244 69 175 326 75 251Electrical 1,097 158 939 324 49 275 773 109 664Engineering science/physics 243 45 198 94 20 74 149 25 124Industrial/manufacturing 163 37 126 78 16 62 85 21 64Mechanical 1,009 151 858 362 67 295 647 84 563Metallurgical/materials 835 166 669 285 69 216 550 97 453Mining 6 0 6 1 0 1 5 0 5Nuclear 107 13 94 55 4 51 52 9 43Petroleum 46 14 32 12 3 9 34 11 23Other 432 99 333 139 42 97 293 57 236

S&E = science and engineering. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.

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All definite plans All definite Academic Industry Postdoctoral Location

Major field and sex (number) plans employment employment study Othera Abroad unknownBoth sexes

S&E 13,265 100.0 94.6 18.7 13.2 48.8 13.9 5.3 0.1Science 11,113 100.0 94.7 20.4 9.7 51.3 13.2 5.3 0.1

Agricultural sciences 367 100.0 96.2 21.5 11.4 41.4 21.8 3.8 0.0Biological sciences 3,460 100.0 95.9 8.7 5.1 75.7 6.4 4.0 0.1Computer sciences 559 100.0 95.5 20.8 34.5 26.7 13.6 4.5 0.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 421 100.0 89.5 9.0 14.5 52.0 14.0 10.5 0.0Mathematics and statistics 572 100.0 92.3 30.4 11.2 40.4 10.3 7.7 0.0Physical sciences 1,607 100.0 91.5 9.0 13.6 61.0 7.8 8.5 0.0Psychology 1,987 100.0 97.8 19.8 9.1 50.0 18.9 2.2 0.0Social sciences 2,140 100.0 93.2 47.9 6.8 16.8 21.7 6.7 0.1

Engineering 2,152 100.0 94.6 10.0 31.3 35.5 17.8 5.4 0.0

Female S&E 5,849 100.0 95.6 20.2 9.1 52.5 13.8 4.4 0.0

Science 5,348 100.0 95.5 21.0 7.5 53.5 13.5 4.5 0.0Agricultural sciences 177 100.0 94.9 22.6 9.0 43.5 19.8 5.1 0.0Biological sciences 1,815 100.0 95.9 8.6 4.8 76.5 5.9 4.0 0.1Computer sciences 117 100.0 95.7 28.2 17.1 34.2 16.2 4.3 0.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 170 100.0 87.1 6.5 12.4 54.7 13.5 12.9 0.0Mathematics and statistics 172 100.0 94.8 38.4 12.2 34.3 9.9 5.2 0.0Physical sciences 490 100.0 93.3 12.7 12.4 59.4 8.8 6.7 0.0Psychology 1,379 100.0 98.3 19.3 7.9 52.5 18.6 1.7 0.0Social sciences 1,028 100.0 93.7 47.7 6.1 18.2 21.7 6.3 0.0

Engineering 501 100.0 96.2 11.2 26.3 42.5 16.2 3.8 0.0

MaleS&E 7,416 100.0 93.9 17.6 16.5 45.8 14.0 6.0 0.1

Science 5,765 100.0 93.9 19.9 11.8 49.3 12.8 6.1 0.1Agricultural sciences 190 100.0 97.4 20.5 13.7 39.5 23.7 2.6 0.0Biological sciences 1,645 100.0 96.0 8.8 5.4 74.8 7.1 3.9 0.1Computer sciences 442 100.0 95.5 18.8 39.1 24.7 12.9 4.5 0.0Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 251 100.0 91.2 10.8 15.9 50.2 14.3 8.8 0.0Mathematics and statistics 400 100.0 91.3 27.0 10.8 43.0 10.5 8.8 0.0Physical sciences 1,117 100.0 90.7 7.4 14.1 61.7 7.4 9.3 0.0Psychology 608 100.0 96.5 21.1 11.7 44.2 19.6 3.5 0.0Social sciences 1,112 100.0 92.8 48.2 7.4 15.5 21.8 7.0 0.2

Engineering 1,651 100.0 94.1 9.6 32.8 33.4 18.2 5.9 0.1

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Definite postgraduate plans are defined as Returning to, or continuing in, predoctoral employment or Have signed contract or made definite commitment for a "postdoc" or other work by doctoral degree recipients who responded to question, What is the status of your postgraduate plans (in the next year)?


United States

All U.S. plans

TABLE 8-2. Definite postgraduation plans of U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients, by major field, sex, and location: 2010 (Percent distribution)

S&E = science and engineering.a Includes elementary/secondary schools, government, nonprofit, and other/unknown.

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ngineering: 2013157

Location and type of activity

All doctoral degree recipients with definite plans (number) 13,265 10,190 1,240 541 737 51 305 201

All doctoral degree recipients with definite plans 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0United States 94.6 94.5 94.1 99.1 94.8 D 93.8 D

Academic employment 18.7 19.5 13.1 21.3 18.0 17.6 14.4 18.9Industry employment 13.2 12.7 19.6 10.2 11.4 D 12.5 DPostdoctoral study 48.8 48.7 50.0 43.4 49.7 41.2 53.8 48.3Otherd 13.9 13.6 11.5 24.2 15.7 19.6 13.1 11.9

Abroad 5.3 5.5 5.8 D 5.2 D 6.2 4.5Location unknown 0.1 0.0 0.1 D 0.0 0.0 0.0 D

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. Definite postgraduate plans are defined as Returning to, or continuing in, predoctoral employment or Have signed contract or made definite commitment for a "postdoc" or other work by doctoral degree recipients who responded to question, What is the status of your postgraduate plans (in the next year)?




S&E = science and engineering.a Excludes Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander not of Hispanic origin. b Includes Hispanic/Latino of one or more races.

d Includes elementary/secondary schools, government, nonprofit, and other/unknown.

c Includes doctorate recipients not of Hispanic origin who did not indicate their race, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, and doctorate recipients with unknown race and ethnicity.

TABLE 8-3. Location and type of postgraduate activity for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduate plans, by race/ethnicity: 2010

All recipients (number) White Asiana Black Hispanicb

American Indian/Alaska Native

Other/unknown race/ethnicityc

Two or more races


Location and type of activity All recipientsa Without disability With disability

All doctoral degree recipients with definite plans (number) 13,265 12,270 453

All doctoral degree recipients with definite plans 100.0 100.0 100.0United States 94.6 94.5 94.5

Academic employment 18.7 18.7 18.8Industry employment 13.2 13.1 11.3Postdoctoral study 48.8 49.0 48.1Otherb 13.9 13.7 16.3

Abroad 5.3 5.5 5.5Location unknown 0.1 0.0 0.0


b includes elementary/secondary schools, government, nonprofit, and other/unknown.

TABLE 8-4. Location and type of postgraduate activity for U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduate plans, by disability status: 2010(Percent distribution)

S&E = science and engineering.a Includes doctorate recipients for whom disability status is unknown.

NOTES: American Indian/Alaska Native doctorate recipients with unknown or refused citizenship status are counted as U.S. citizens and thus are included. In 2010 respondents were asked whether or not they had each of the following disabilities: blind/visually impaired, deaf/hard of hearing, physical, orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech disability, or other disability. Definite postgraduate plans are defined as Returning to, or continuing in, predoctoral employment or Have signed contract or made definite commitment for a "postdoc" or other work by doctoral degree recipients who responded to question, What is the status of your postgraduate plans (in the next year)?


TABLE 9-1. Employed persons 16 years and older, by occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages (Thousands)Occupation 1983 1993 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 100,834 120,259 137,736 139,252 141,730 144,427 146,047 145,362 139,877

Management, professional, and related occupations 26,645 36,270 47,929 48,532 49,245 50,420 51,787 52,761 52,219

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 10,772 15,338 19,934 20,235 20,450 21,233 21,577 22,059 21,529Professional and related occupations 15,873 20,932 27,995 28,297 28,795 29,187 30,210 30,702 30,690

Architect 103 122 180 207 235 221 240 233 204Biological or life scientist 144 264 283 282 311 354 306 295 323Chemist 98 134 140 141 116 116 118 118 113Dietitian 71 94 85 84 68 96 100 100 99Economist 98 117 158 149 156 159 182 153 163Engineering and related technologist or technician 822 875 718 702 717 673 699 683 594Engineer 1,572 1,715 1,787 1,819 1,799 1,887 1,949 1,967 1,891Health technologist or technician 1,111 1,530 2,028 2,092 2,131 2,219 2,246 2,282 2,444Lawyer or judge 651 808 1,011 1,018 1,031 1,031 1,069 1,068 1,116Mathematical or computer scientist 906 1,635 3,122 3,140 3,246 3,209 3,441 3,676 3,481Pharmacist 158 188 232 233 248 245 247 243 267Physician 519 607 819 830 830 863 888 877 914Physicians' assistant 51 S 65 70 74 85 87 99 91Psychologist 135 239 185 185 188 189 185 176 161Registered nurse 1,372 1,855 2,449 2,464 2,416 2,529 2,629 2,778 2,839Science technician 202 264 315 293 296 308 276 242 264Teacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 3,365 4,384 5,378 5,438 5,601 5,595 5,863 5,991 5,908Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) 606 777 1,121 1,176 1,185 1,194 1,261 1,218 1,321Therapist 247 417 569 574 585 608 668 670 705Other health care professional 217 302 399 376 396 414 382 349 376Other natural scientist 115 137 224 232 259 243 241 250 237Other social scientist or urban planner S S 71 83 81 65 73 75 68Other professional or related occupation 3,281 4,381 6,656 6,709 6,824 6,884 7,060 7,161 7,110

Other occupations 74,189 83,989 89,807 90,720 92,485 94,007 94,260 92,601 87,658

S = suppressed for data reliability reasons. NOTES: Data from the Current Population Survey cover employed persons 16 years and older. In 2001, the Current Population Survey taxonomy for occupations was revised, thus data for 2003–09 may not be comparable to data for previous years. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 1983–2009.

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(Thousands)

Occupation 1983 1993 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1983 2009

All occupations 44,047 54,910 64,404 64,728 65,757 66,925 67,792 67,876 66,208 43.7 47.3

Management, professional, and related occupations 11,130 17,458 24,194 24,396 24,896 25,492 26,195 26,813 26,833 41.8 51.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 3,490 6,441 8,400 8,517 8,689 8,886 9,203 9,412 9,199 32.4 42.7Professional and related occupations 7,640 11,017 15,794 15,879 16,207 16,606 16,992 17,401 17,634 48.1 57.5

Architect S S S 50 57 S 59 58 51 S 25.0Biological and life scientist S 100 116 122 131 143 125 138 158 S 48.9Chemist S S 51 S S S S S S S SDietitian 65 87 77 75 65 87 88 90 87 91.5 87.9Economist S 56 77 69 82 90 96 80 75 S 46.0Engineering and related technologist or technician 151 156 153 141 132 131 142 120 115 18.4 19.4Engineer 91 150 185 186 190 222 216 209 202 5.8 10.7Health technologist or technician 937 1,237 1,604 1,639 1,652 1,738 1,726 1,769 1,901 84.3 77.8Lawyer or judge 103 186 295 316 319 337 356 373 369 15.8 33.1Mathematical or computer scientist 281 524 900 848 875 855 881 911 863 31.0 24.8Pharmacist S 72 119 110 120 120 132 126 132 S 49.4Physician 82 133 245 244 268 278 266 267 295 15.8 32.3Physicians' assistant S S S S S 61 61 66 52 S 57.1Psychologist 77 153 121 124 126 128 119 118 110 57.0 68.3Registered nurse 1,315 1,749 2,256 2,271 2,229 2,309 2,412 2,548 2,612 95.8 92.0Science technician 59 99 124 120 118 125 98 106 128 29.2 48.5Teacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 2,386 3,294 4,111 4,128 4,324 4,301 4,451 4,579 4,533 70.9 76.7Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) 220 329 503 541 526 553 582 562 649 36.3 49.1Therapist 188 311 423 427 439 455 523 536 542 76.1 76.9Other health care professional S 54 132 112 124 138 127 119 149 S 39.6Other natural scientist S S 75 66 66 68 73 85 78 S 32.9Other social scientist or urban planner S S S S S S S S S S SOther professional or related occupation 1,477 2,202 4,114 4,156 4,245 4,351 4,381 4,465 4,460 45.0 62.7

Other occupations 32,917 37,452 40,210 40,332 40,861 41,433 41,597 41,063 39,375 44.4 44.9

TABLE 9-2. Employed women 16 years and older, by detailed occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages

% women



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ngineering: 2013161

(Thousands)Occupation 1983 1993 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 56,787 65,349 73,332 74,524 75,973 77,502 78,254 77,486 73,670

Management, professional, and related occupations 15,515 18,812 23,735 24,136 24,349 24,928 25,593 25,948 25,385

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 7,282 8,897 11,534 11,718 11,761 12,347 12,375 12,647 12,330Professional and related occupations 8,233 9,915 12,201 12,418 12,588 12,581 13,218 13,301 13,056

Architect 90 99 140 157 177 172 181 175 152Biological or life scientist 110 164 167 161 180 213 181 158 164Chemist 75 95 89 95 75 76 70 79 79Dietitian S S S S S S S S SEconomist 61 61 82 79 73 70 85 74 88Engineering and related technologist or technician 671 719 566 561 586 543 556 563 479Engineer 1,482 1,565 1,603 1,634 1,612 1,666 1,736 1,756 1,688Health technologist or technician 174 293 422 457 480 482 518 514 544Lawyer or judge 548 623 716 701 712 693 713 696 746Mathematical or computer scientist 625 1,111 2,223 2,292 2,371 2,354 2,560 2,765 2,618Pharmacist 116 115 113 123 128 125 115 117 135Physician 437 474 574 586 562 586 621 610 619Physicians' assistant S S S S S S S S SPsychologist 58 86 63 62 61 61 66 58 50Registered nurse 57 106 193 193 186 220 217 230 227Science technician 143 165 191 173 180 184 178 136 138Teacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 979 1,090 1,266 1,311 1,276 1,294 1,412 1,411 1,374Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) 386 447 618 635 659 641 679 656 672Therapist 59 106 147 145 147 152 145 133 163Other health care professional 200 248 268 263 270 277 257 230 229Other natural scientist 99 114 149 163 194 174 168 163 158Other social scientist or urban planner S S S S S S S S SOther professional or related occupation 1,804 2,182 2,541 2,553 2,581 2,528 2,679 2,698 2,653

Other occupations 41,272 46,537 49,597 50,388 51,624 52,574 52,661 51,538 48,285

TABLE 9-3. Employed men 16 years and older, by detailed occupation: Selected years, 1983–2009 annual averages



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TABLE 9-4. Employed persons 16 years and older, by detailed occupation and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1994–2009 annual averages(Thousands)Occupation and race/ethnicity 1994 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 123,060 139,252 141,730 144,427 146,047 145,362 139,877

Management, professional, and related occupations 37,714 48,532 49,245 50,420 51,787 52,761 52,219

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 16,312 20,235 20,450 21,233 21,577 22,059 21,529Professional and related occupations 21,402 28,297 28,795 29,187 30,210 30,702 30,690

Architect 141 207 235 221 240 233 204Biological or life scientist 258 282 311 354 306 295 323Chemist 144 141 116 116 118 118 113Dietitian 86 84 68 96 100 100 99Economist 106 149 156 159 182 153 163Engineering and related technologist or technician 916 702 717 673 699 683 594Engineer 1,866 1,819 1,799 1,887 1,949 1,967 1,891Health technologist or technician 1,590 2,092 2,131 2,219 2,246 2,282 2,444Lawyer or judge 861 1,018 1,031 1,031 1,069 1,068 1,116Mathematical or computer scientist 1,735 3,140 3,246 3,209 3,441 3,676 3,481Pharmacist 182 233 248 245 247 243 267Physician 628 830 830 863 888 877 914Physicians' assistant 53 70 74 85 87 99 91Psychologist 280 185 188 189 185 176 161Registered nurse 1,956 2,464 2,416 2,529 2,629 2,778 2,839Science technician 266 293 296 308 276 242 264Teacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 4,330 5,438 5,601 5,595 5,863 5,991 5,908Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) 838 1,176 1,185 1,194 1,261 1,218 1,321Therapist 430 574 585 608 668 670 705Other health care professional 303 376 396 414 382 349 376Other natural scientist 133 232 259 243 241 250 237Other social scientist or urban planner 53 83 81 65 73 75 68Other professional or related occupation 4,247 6,709 6,824 6,884 7,060 7,161 7,110

Other occupations 85,346 90,720 92,485 94,007 94,260 92,601 87,658

White 105,190 115,239 116,949 118,833 119,792 119,126 114,996



Architect 131 187 198 186 208 207 186Biological or life scientist 220 233 248 257 217 218 229Chemist 127 109 93 89 87 84 82Dietitian 70 62 S 66 73 75 72Economist 97 126 137 130 151 136 139Engineering and related technologist or technician 800 614 603 580 599 575 518Engineer 1,677 1,511 1,488 1,560 1,607 1,620 1,525Health technologist or technician 1,303 1,665 1,690 1,749 1,753 1,798 1,888Lawyer or judge 820 921 945 930 968 977 1,006Mathematical or computer scientist 1,498 2,410 2,481 2,392 2,523 2,730 2,633

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013163


Pharmacist 163 198 205 179 184 185 202Physician 526 635 634 661 677 665 702Physicians' assistant S 59 60 68 74 87 74Psychologist 251 173 180 176 163 156 144Registered nurse 1,685 2,006 1,971 2,020 2,114 2,236 2,229Science technician 223 237 233 234 222 181 199Teacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 3,842 4,723 4,806 4,832 5,050 5,183 5,110Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) 726 957 952 974 1,024 988 1,085Therapist 380 487 505 510 576 572 602Other health care professional 278 325 341 365 336 304 332Other natural scientist 123 188 212 201 187 193 199Other social scientist or urban planner 50 73 70 60 65 61 57Other professional or related occupation 3,702 5,539 5,707 5,660 5,866 5,923 5,848


Black 12,835 14,909 15,313 15,765 16,051 15,953 15,025



Architect S S S S S S SBiological or life scientist S S S S S S SChemist S S S S S S SDietitian S S S S S S SEconomist S S S S S S SEngineering and related technologist or technician 68 S S S 50 52 SEngineer 69 93 86 103 89 85 95Health technologist or technician 221 293 295 325 337 316 357Lawyer or judge S 53 50 55 55 51 53Mathematical or computer scientist 110 236 224 233 247 267 233Pharmacist S S S S S S SPhysician S 50 S S 50 54 52Physicians' assistant S S S S S S SPsychologist S S S S S S SRegistered nurse 181 248 242 277 260 278 326Science technician S S S S S S STeacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 386 515 562 539 588 562 556Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) S 69 79 80 70 63 69Therapist S S S S S S 56Other health care professional S S S S S S SOther natural scientist S S S S S S SOther social scientist or urban planner S S S S S S SOther professional or related occupation 400 785 734 814 805 843 879


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Hispanic 10,788 17,930 18,632 19,613 20,382 20,346 19,647


Management, business, and financial operations occupations 807 1,290 1,330 1,477 1,580 1,652 1,642Professional and related occupations 904 1,811 1,844 1,860 2,041 2,071 2,175

Architect S S S S S S SBiological or life scientist S S S S S S SChemist S S S S S S SDietitian S S S S S S SEconomist S S S S S S SEngineering and related technologist or technician 57 62 73 71 68 66 53Engineer 62 80 74 76 101 108 129Health technologist or technician 84 153 154 171 164 177 211Lawyer or judge S S S S S S SMathematical or computer scientist 62 172 172 159 179 188 189Pharmacist S S S S S S SPhysician S S S 50 S 51 57Physicians' assistant S S S S S S SPsychologist S S S S S S SRegistered nurse 57 108 104 107 120 131 131Science technician S S S S S S STeacher, except postsecondary (college and university) 187 356 357 391 420 422 436Teacher, postsecondary (college and university) S S S 53 54 S 60Therapist S S S S S S SOther health care professional S S S S S S SOther natural scientist S S S S S S SOther social scientist or urban planner S S S S S S SOther professional or related occupation 231 608 627 608 702 680 689

Other occupations 9,077 14,829 15,458 16,276 16,761 16,623 15,830S = suppressed for data reliability reasons.

NOTES: Data from the Current Population Survey cover employed persons 16 years and older. In 2001, the Current Population Survey taxonomy for occupations was revised, thus data for 2003–09 may not be comparable to data for previous years. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression.


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ngineering: 2013165

Occupation Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

All occupations 19,244,000 8,561,000 10,683,000 10,745,000 4,840,000 5,905,000 5,690,000 2,753,000 2,937,000 934,000 302,000 632,000 S&E occupations 4,874,000 1,308,000 3,566,000 2,720,000 648,000 2,072,000 1,519,000 467,000 1,052,000 592,000 174,000 418,000

Scientist 3,292,000 1,103,000 2,189,000 1,726,000 530,000 1,196,000 1,038,000 395,000 644,000 485,000 160,000 325,000

Biological/life scientist 498,000 224,000 274,000 198,000 101,000 97,000 128,000 61,000 67,000 156,000 56,000 100,000Agricultural/food scientist 62,000 20,000 42,000 36,000 13,000 22,000 15,000 4,000 11,000 11,000 3,000 8,000Biological/medical scientist 331,000 168,000 164,000 125,000 75,000 50,000 86,000 46,000 40,000 108,000 42,000 67,000Forestry and conservation scientist 35,000 7,000 28,000 22,000 4,000 18,000 11,000 3,000 8,000 2,000 * 1,000Postsecondary teacher 70,000 29,000 40,000 15,000 9,000 7,000 16,000 9,000 7,000 35,000 11,000 24,000

Computer and information scientist 1,800,000 446,000 1,354,000 1,210,000 294,000 916,000 531,000 145,000 387,000 55,000 7,000 47,000

Computer/information scientist 1,778,000 441,000 1,338,000 1,206,000 292,000 913,000 523,000 142,000 381,000 46,000 6,000 40,000Postsecondary teacher 22,000 6,000 16,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 8,000 3,000 5,000 9,000 1,000 8,000

Mathematical scientist 170,000 72,000 98,000 51,000 23,000 28,000 77,000 36,000 41,000 37,000 11,000 26,000

Mathematical scientist 107,000 48,000 59,000 41,000 20,000 20,000 46,000 22,000 24,000 17,000 5,000 12,000Postsecondary teacher 62,000 23,000 39,000 11,000 3,000 8,000 31,000 14,000 17,000 20,000 6,000 14,000

Physical scientist 322,000 96,000 226,000 144,000 50,000 95,000 84,000 30,000 54,000 93,000 16,000 78,000

Chemist, except biochemist 129,000 46,000 83,000 74,000 29,000 45,000 26,000 12,000 13,000 29,000 4,000 24,000Earth scientist/geologist/ oceanographer 78,000 17,000 61,000 36,000 8,000 28,000 30,000 7,000 23,000 12,000 2,000 10,000Physicist/astronomer 27,000 3,000 24,000 5,000 1,000 4,000 6,000 1,000 6,000 16,000 1,000 15,000Other physical scientist 35,000 14,000 21,000 21,000 9,000 12,000 10,000 4,000 5,000 4,000 1,000 3,000Postsecondary teacher 54,000 16,000 38,000 9,000 3,000 6,000 12,000 6,000 7,000 32,000 7,000 25,000

Psychologist 218,000 141,000 77,000 23,000 14,000 9,000 103,000 74,000 30,000 77,000 43,000 34,000

Psychologist 185,000 125,000 60,000 19,000 11,000 8,000 95,000 71,000 25,000 56,000 33,000 23,000Postsecondary teacher 33,000 16,000 17,000 4,000 3,000 D 8,000 3,000 5,000 21,000 10,000 11,000

Social scientist 284,000 124,000 160,000 99,000 48,000 51,000 115,000 48,000 66,000 67,000 27,000 40,000

Economist 29,000 9,000 20,000 6,000 2,000 4,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 8,000 2,000 6,000Political scientist 17,000 11,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 D 10,000 5,000 4,000 1,000 * 1,000Sociologist/anthropologist 21,000 13,000 8,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 9,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000Other social scientist 134,000 57,000 78,000 69,000 29,000 40,000 56,000 22,000 34,000 9,000 5,000 4,000Postsecondary teacher 83,000 35,000 48,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 25,000 10,000 15,000 44,000 17,000 27,000

Engineer 1,582,000 204,000 1,378,000 994,000 118,000 875,000 480,000 72,000 408,000 107,000 14,000 93,000

Aerospace engineer 100,000 10,000 90,000 57,000 5,000 52,000 37,000 5,000 31,000 7,000 * 6,000Chemical engineer 77,000 16,000 61,000 45,000 11,000 34,000 23,000 3,000 20,000 9,000 1,000 7,000Civil engineer 258,000 38,000 220,000 176,000 24,000 152,000 76,000 12,000 63,000 6,000 1,000 5,000Electrical engineer 399,000 43,000 355,000 240,000 24,000 217,000 133,000 17,000 116,000 25,000 3,000 22,000Industrial engineer 93,000 12,000 81,000 68,000 8,000 60,000 23,000 4,000 19,000 2,000 * 2,000Mechanical engineer 300,000 23,000 278,000 198,000 13,000 185,000 91,000 9,000 82,000 11,000 1,000 11,000Other engineer 320,000 57,000 264,000 204,000 32,000 172,000 90,000 21,000 69,000 27,000 4,000 22,000Postsecondary teacher 35,000 6,000 29,000 6,000 1,000 4,000 8,000 1,000 7,000 21,000 3,000 18,000

TABLE 9-5. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and sex: 2008All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

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Occupation Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

TABLE 9-5. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and sex: 2008All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

S&E-related occupations 5,542,000 3,165,000 2,377,000 2,910,000 1,871,000 1,039,000 1,404,000 876,000 528,000 117,000 48,000 69,000Health-related occupation 3,780,000 2,521,000 1,259,000 1,899,000 1,540,000 358,000 724,000 584,000 140,000 65,000 35,000 30,000S&E manager 501,000 145,000 357,000 265,000 70,000 195,000 194,000 65,000 129,000 32,000 6,000 26,000S&E precollege teacher 599,000 328,000 271,000 244,000 139,000 104,000 334,000 178,000 156,000 15,000 6,000 9,000S&E technician/technologist 446,000 121,000 325,000 355,000 90,000 265,000 85,000 29,000 56,000 4,000 1,000 4,000Other S&E-related occupation 216,000 50,000 166,000 148,000 30,000 117,000 67,000 19,000 47,000 1,000 D 1,000

Non-S&E occupations 8,828,000 4,088,000 4,740,000 5,115,000 2,321,000 2,794,000 2,768,000 1,411,000 1,357,000 225,000 80,000 145,000

Art, humanities, and related occupation 295,000 160,000 135,000 180,000 98,000 81,000 95,000 52,000 44,000 9,000 5,000 4,000Management-related occupation 1,309,000 592,000 717,000 766,000 368,000 398,000 479,000 195,000 284,000 34,000 12,000 22,000Non-S&E manager 1,261,000 309,000 951,000 596,000 132,000 464,000 531,000 145,000 386,000 75,000 22,000 53,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 157,000 79,000 78,000 27,000 13,000 14,000 73,000 43,000 30,000 50,000 19,000 31,000Non-S&E precollege teacher 745,000 589,000 156,000 353,000 287,000 66,000 378,000 293,000 85,000 6,000 4,000 3,000Sales and marketing occupation 1,357,000 481,000 876,000 1,019,000 359,000 660,000 296,000 112,000 184,000 14,000 4,000 10,000Social services and related occupation 725,000 516,000 209,000 256,000 173,000 83,000 435,000 331,000 103,000 16,000 5,000 11,000Other non-S&E occupation 2,979,000 1,362,000 1,617,000 1,918,000 891,000 1,027,000 481,000 241,000 240,000 21,000 9,000 12,000

* = estimate less than 500; D = suppressed for data confidentiality reasons.


SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), 2008.

NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. Other data sets are more appropriate for characterizing the entire U.S. labor force, including those with a bachelor's or higher degree. See tables 9-1 to 9-4.

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Highest degree and occupation All races/ethnicities White Asian Black HispanicAmerican Indian/

Alaska Native

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Multiple race

All degrees 19,244,000 14,555,000 2,038,000 1,107,000 1,074,000 77,000 79,000 314,000

S&E occupations 4,874,000 3,502,000 824,000 191,000 239,000 17,000 20,000 81,000

Scientist 3,292,000 2,341,000 578,000 142,000 151,000 13,000 12,000 55,000Biological/life scientist 498,000 364,000 80,000 14,000 28,000 4,000 * 8,000

Agricultural/food scientist 62,000 51,000 5,000 1,000 4,000 D D 1,000Biological/medical scientist 331,000 227,000 67,000 9,000 19,000 2,000 * 6,000Forestry and conservation scientist 35,000 31,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D *Postsecondary teacher 70,000 55,000 7,000 3,000 4,000 D D 1,000

Computer and information scientist 1,800,000 1,202,000 393,000 87,000 76,000 4,000 8,000 30,000Computer/information scientist 1,778,000 1,186,000 390,000 85,000 74,000 4,000 8,000 29,000Postsecondary teacher 22,000 16,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 D D *

Mathematical scientist 170,000 121,000 30,000 10,000 7,000 D D 1,000Mathematical scientist 107,000 73,000 22,000 7,000 4,000 D D 1,000Postsecondary teacher 62,000 48,000 8,000 3,000 3,000 D D *

Physical scientist 322,000 247,000 43,000 9,000 14,000 1,000 1,000 6,000Chemist, except biochemist 129,000 87,000 26,000 5,000 7,000 * 1,000 3,000Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 78,000 67,000 5,000 1,000 3,000 * D 2,000Physicist/astronomer 27,000 20,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 D D *Other physical scientist 35,000 29,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 54,000 44,000 5,000 1,000 2,000 D D 1,000

Psychologist 218,000 181,000 8,000 10,000 13,000 1,000 1,000 4,000Psychologist 185,000 154,000 7,000 8,000 12,000 1,000 1,000 3,000Postsecondary teacher 33,000 28,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000

Social scientist 284,000 225,000 24,000 13,000 13,000 3,000 1,000 6,000Economist 29,000 22,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000Political scientist 17,000 15,000 1,000 * 1,000 D D DSociologist/anthropologist 21,000 16,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 D D *Other social scientist 134,000 109,000 12,000 5,000 5,000 D D 2,000Postsecondary teacher 83,000 63,000 7,000 4,000 4,000 1,000 * 3,000

Engineer 1,582,000 1,161,000 247,000 49,000 88,000 4,000 9,000 26,000

Aerospace engineer 100,000 77,000 10,000 3,000 7,000 1,000 1,000 2,000Chemical engineer 77,000 56,000 13,000 2,000 4,000 * D 2,000Civil engineer 258,000 194,000 28,000 8,000 19,000 1,000 2,000 6,000Electrical engineer 399,000 253,000 101,000 13,000 21,000 1,000 3,000 6,000Industrial engineer 93,000 64,000 14,000 3,000 9,000 D D 1,000Mechanical engineer 300,000 239,000 36,000 8,000 12,000 1,000 1,000 4,000Other engineer 320,000 254,000 38,000 9,000 15,000 * 1,000 3,000Postsecondary teacher 35,000 23,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 D D *

S&E-related occupations 5,542,000 4,246,000 560,000 312,000 289,000 22,000 23,000 91,000

Health-related occupation 3,780,000 2,850,000 407,000 227,000 198,000 16,000 16,000 66,000

TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and race/ethnicity: 2008

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Alaska Native



S&E manager 501,000 395,000 45,000 26,000 25,000 2,000 3,000 5,000S&E precollege teacher 599,000 499,000 19,000 40,000 31,000 1,000 1,000 8,000S&E technician/technologist 446,000 330,000 67,000 13,000 22,000 2,000 2,000 9,000Other S&E-related occupation 216,000 172,000 22,000 6,000 13,000 D D 3,000

Non-S&E occupations 8,828,000 6,807,000 654,000 604,000 546,000 38,000 36,000 143,000Art, humanities, and related occupation 295,000 240,000 19,000 12,000 16,000 D D 5,000Management-related occupation 1,309,000 939,000 151,000 106,000 81,000 6,000 8,000 19,000Non-S&E manager 1,261,000 1,042,000 74,000 60,000 63,000 4,000 4,000 12,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 157,000 121,000 12,000 9,000 12,000 D * 3,000Non-S&E precollege teacher 745,000 563,000 30,000 65,000 69,000 2,000 4,000 12,000Sales and marketing occupation 1,357,000 1,103,000 104,000 53,000 64,000 6,000 4,000 23,000Social services and related occupation 725,000 526,000 22,000 95,000 61,000 4,000 2,000 15,000Other non-S&E occupation 2,979,000 2,272,000 242,000 204,000 181,000 13,000 13,000 54,000

Bachelor's 10,745,000 8,168,000 980,000 646,000 640,000 49,000 58,000 204,000

S&E occupations 2,720,000 2,057,000 318,000 114,000 152,000 11,000 15,000 53,000

Scientist 1,726,000 1,288,000 220,000 80,000 89,000 8,000 8,000 33,000

Biological/life scientist 198,000 154,000 19,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 D 4,000Agricultural/food scientist 36,000 32,000 D * 2,000 D D DBiological/medical scientist 125,000 90,000 16,000 6,000 8,000 2,000 D 3,000Forestry and conservation scientist 22,000 20,000 D D D D D DPostsecondary teacher 15,000 12,000 D D 1,000 D D D

Computer and information scientist 1,210,000 883,000 176,000 60,000 58,000 4,000 6,000 22,000Computer/information scientist 1,206,000 880,000 176,000 59,000 58,000 4,000 6,000 22,000Postsecondary teacher 4,000 4,000 D D D D D D

Mathematical scientist 51,000 39,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 D D DMathematical scientist 41,000 31,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 11,000 8,000 1,000 D 1,000 D D D

Physical scientist 144,000 112,000 13,000 5,000 9,000 1,000 D 4,000Chemist, except biochemist 74,000 53,000 9,000 3,000 5,000 D D 2,000Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 36,000 31,000 1,000 * 2,000 D D 1,000Physicist/astronomer 5,000 4,000 1,000 D * D D DOther physical scientist 21,000 18,000 D 1,000 1,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 9,000 8,000 1,000 D * D D 1,000

Psychologist 23,000 17,000 D 1,000 2,000 D D DPsychologist 19,000 14,000 D D 2,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 4,000 3,000 D D D D D D

Social scientist 99,000 82,000 6,000 4,000 5,000 D D 1,000Economist 6,000 5,000 D D D D D DPolitical scientist 6,000 4,000 D D D D D DSociologist/anthropologist 7,000 5,000 D D D D D D

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Alaska Native



Other social scientist 69,000 58,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 12,000 10,000 D D D D D D

Engineer 994,000 769,000 98,000 34,000 63,000 3,000 8,000 20,000

Aerospace engineer 57,000 42,000 5,000 2,000 4,000 D D 2,000Chemical engineer 45,000 35,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 D D 2,000Civil engineer 176,000 136,000 13,000 6,000 15,000 1,000 2,000 5,000Electrical engineer 240,000 167,000 41,000 10,000 15,000 D 2,000 5,000Industrial engineer 68,000 46,000 10,000 3,000 7,000 D D 1,000Mechanical engineer 198,000 167,000 13,000 5,000 9,000 1,000 D 3,000Other engineer 204,000 172,000 12,000 6,000 10,000 D 1,000 2,000Postsecondary teacher 6,000 4,000 D 1,000 * D D D


Health-related occupation 1,899,000 1,418,000 184,000 137,000 99,000 9,000 11,000 41,000S&E manager 265,000 208,000 18,000 16,000 15,000 D D 3,000S&E precollege teacher 244,000 200,000 8,000 14,000 17,000 1,000 D 3,000S&E technician/technologist 355,000 274,000 41,000 10,000 18,000 2,000 2,000 8,000Other S&E-related occupation 148,000 119,000 14,000 4,000 9,000 D D 2,000

Non-S&E occupations 5,115,000 3,893,000 397,000 351,000 330,000 23,000 27,000 94,000

Art, humanities, and related occupation 180,000 145,000 10,000 8,000 11,000 D D 4,000Management-related occupation 766,000 545,000 84,000 62,000 51,000 4,000 7,000 13,000Non-S&E manager 596,000 504,000 31,000 24,000 29,000 D D 6,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 27,000 19,000 D 2,000 4,000 D D DNon-S&E precollege teacher 353,000 258,000 16,000 32,000 39,000 D 3,000 5,000Sales and marketing occupation 1,019,000 835,000 74,000 38,000 42,000 5,000 4,000 21,000Social services and related occupation 256,000 176,000 7,000 37,000 29,000 1,000 D 6,000Other non-S&E occupation 1,918,000 1,411,000 175,000 147,000 124,000 10,000 12,000 38,000

Master's 5,690,000 4,251,000 687,000 350,000 292,000 21,000 15,000 74,000

S&E occupations 1,519,000 992,000 374,000 58,000 65,000 5,000 4,000 20,000

Scientist 1,038,000 665,000 264,000 46,000 42,000 4,000 3,000 14,000

Biological/life scientist 128,000 92,000 22,000 2,000 9,000 D D 2,000Agricultural/food scientist 15,000 11,000 2,000 D 2,000 D D DBiological/medical scientist 86,000 58,000 18,000 2,000 6,000 D D 1,000Forestry and conservation scientist 11,000 10,000 D D D D D DPostsecondary teacher 16,000 14,000 1,000 * * D D D

Computer and information scientist 531,000 280,000 199,000 26,000 16,000 * 2,000 7,000Computer/information scientist 523,000 274,000 198,000 26,000 15,000 D 2,000 7,000Postsecondary teacher 8,000 6,000 D 1,000 1,000 D D D

Mathematical scientist 77,000 53,000 15,000 5,000 3,000 D D *Mathematical scientist 46,000 29,000 12,000 3,000 2,000 D D *

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Alaska Native



Postsecondary teacher 31,000 24,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 D D DPhysical scientist 84,000 64,000 13,000 2,000 3,000 * D 1,000

Chemist, except biochemist 26,000 15,000 8,000 1,000 1,000 D D DEarth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 30,000 26,000 1,000 * 1,000 D D 1,000Physicist/astronomer 6,000 4,000 1,000 * * D D *Other physical scientist 10,000 9,000 D * D D D DPostsecondary teacher 12,000 10,000 2,000 * * D D D

Psychologist 103,000 86,000 4,000 5,000 7,000 D D 1,000Psychologist 95,000 79,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 D D 1,000Postsecondary teacher 8,000 7,000 D D * D D D

Social scientist 115,000 89,000 11,000 5,000 6,000 D D 2,000Economist 15,000 11,000 1,000 1,000 * D D DPolitical scientist 10,000 9,000 D D D D D DSociologist/anthropologist 9,000 7,000 * * 1,000 D D DOther social scientist 56,000 44,000 6,000 2,000 3,000 D D DPostsecondary teacher 25,000 18,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 D D 1,000

Engineer 480,000 328,000 111,000 13,000 22,000 1,000 1,000 5,000

Aerospace engineer 37,000 29,000 4,000 1,000 2,000 D D 1,000Chemical engineer 23,000 16,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 D D DCivil engineer 76,000 56,000 13,000 2,000 3,000 D D 1,000Electrical engineer 133,000 73,000 49,000 3,000 6,000 D D 1,000Industrial engineer 23,000 17,000 3,000 1,000 2,000 D D DMechanical engineer 91,000 66,000 18,000 3,000 3,000 D D 1,000Other engineer 90,000 66,000 17,000 3,000 4,000 D D 1,000Postsecondary teacher 8,000 6,000 1,000 * 1,000 D D D


Health-related occupation 724,000 582,000 53,000 44,000 31,000 3,000 2,000 10,000S&E manager 194,000 155,000 19,000 9,000 9,000 D D 2,000S&E precollege teacher 334,000 281,000 10,000 25,000 12,000 D D 4,000S&E technician/technologist 85,000 53,000 24,000 3,000 4,000 D D 1,000Other S&E-related occupation 67,000 52,000 7,000 2,000 4,000 D D D

Non-S&E occupations 2,768,000 2,135,000 199,000 209,000 167,000 12,000 8,000 37,000

Art, humanities, and related occupation 95,000 78,000 8,000 3,000 3,000 D D 1,000Management-related occupation 479,000 345,000 60,000 37,000 28,000 2,000 D 6,000Non-S&E manager 531,000 430,000 33,000 29,000 28,000 3,000 3,000 6,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 73,000 59,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 D D 1,000Non-S&E precollege teacher 378,000 293,000 14,000 32,000 29,000 D D 7,000Sales and marketing occupation 296,000 232,000 26,000 14,000 20,000 D D 2,000Social services and related occupation 435,000 322,000 14,000 56,000 30,000 3,000 D 8,000Other non-S&E occupation 481,000 375,000 38,000 33,000 25,000 2,000 D 7,000

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ngineering: 2013171


Alaska Native



Doctorate 934,000 682,000 171,000 34,000 35,000 2,000 1,000 10,000 S&E occupations 592,000 422,000 126,000 17,000 19,000 1,000 1,000 6,000

Scientist 485,000 358,000 88,000 15,000 16,000 1,000 1,000 6,000Biological/life scientist 156,000 109,000 34,000 5,000 6,000 * * 2,000

Agricultural/food scientist 11,000 8,000 2,000 1,000 * D D DBiological/medical scientist 108,000 72,000 29,000 2,000 4,000 * * 1,000Forestry and conservation scientist 2,000 1,000 * D * D D DPostsecondary teacher 35,000 28,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 D D 1,000

Computer and information scientist 55,000 35,000 18,000 1,000 1,000 D D *Computer/information scientist 46,000 29,000 15,000 * 1,000 D D *Postsecondary teacher 9,000 6,000 2,000 * * D D D

Mathematical scientist 37,000 26,000 9,000 1,000 1,000 D D *Mathematical scientist 17,000 10,000 6,000 * * D D *Postsecondary teacher 20,000 15,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 D D *

Physical scientist 93,000 70,000 17,000 2,000 3,000 * * 1,000Chemist, except biochemist 29,000 19,000 8,000 1,000 1,000 D D *Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 12,000 9,000 2,000 * * D D *Physicist/astronomer 16,000 12,000 3,000 * * D D DOther physical scientist 4,000 3,000 1,000 D * D D DPostsecondary teacher 32,000 26,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 D D *

Psychologist 77,000 66,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 * * 1,000Psychologist 56,000 49,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 * * 1,000Postsecondary teacher 21,000 17,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D *

Social scientist 67,000 52,000 7,000 4,000 3,000 * * 1,000Economist 8,000 6,000 2,000 * * D D *Political scientist 1,000 1,000 * * D D D DSociologist/anthropologist 4,000 3,000 * * * D D *Other social scientist 9,000 7,000 1,000 * * D D *Postsecondary teacher 44,000 35,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 * * 1,000

Engineer 107,000 63,000 38,000 2,000 3,000 * D 1,000Aerospace engineer 7,000 5,000 1,000 * * D D DChemical engineer 9,000 5,000 3,000 * * D D DCivil engineer 6,000 3,000 2,000 * * D D DElectrical engineer 25,000 13,000 11,000 * * D D *Industrial engineer 2,000 1,000 1,000 D D D D DMechanical engineer 11,000 6,000 5,000 D * D D DOther engineer 27,000 16,000 9,000 * 1,000 D D *Postsecondary teacher 21,000 13,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 D D *

S&E-related occupations 117,000 86,000 19,000 5,000 5,000 * * 1,000Health-related occupation 65,000 47,000 10,000 3,000 4,000 * * 1,000

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Alaska Native



S&E manager 32,000 24,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 D * *S&E precollege teacher 15,000 13,000 * 1,000 * D D DS&E technician/technologist 4,000 2,000 2,000 D * D D DOther S&E-related occupation 1,000 * 1,000 D D D D D

Non-S&E occupations 225,000 174,000 25,000 12,000 11,000 * * 3,000Art, humanities and related occupation 9,000 8,000 1,000 * * D D DManagement-related occupation 34,000 25,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 D D *Non-S&E manager 75,000 60,000 8,000 3,000 3,000 D * 1,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 50,000 38,000 6,000 2,000 3,000 D D *Non-S&E precollege teacher 6,000 4,000 D 1,000 1,000 D D DSales and marketing occupation 14,000 9,000 4,000 * 1,000 D D DSocial services and related occupation 16,000 13,000 1,000 2,000 * D D 1,000Other non-S&E occupation 21,000 16,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 D D *



NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. Other data sets are more appropriate for characterizing the entire U.S. labor force, including those with a bachelor's or higher degree. See tables 9-1 to 9-4. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.


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Race/ethnicity and occupation Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male

All races/ethnicities 8,561,000 10,683,000 4,840,000 5,905,000 2,753,000 2,937,000 302,000 632,000

S&E occupations 1,308,000 3,566,000 648,000 2,072,000 467,000 1,052,000 174,000 418,000

Scientist 1,103,000 2,189,000 530,000 1,196,000 395,000 644,000 160,000 325,000Biological/life scientist 224,000 274,000 101,000 97,000 61,000 67,000 56,000 100,000Computer and information scientist 446,000 1,354,000 294,000 916,000 145,000 387,000 7,000 47,000Mathematical scientist 72,000 98,000 23,000 28,000 36,000 41,000 11,000 26,000Physical scientist 96,000 226,000 50,000 95,000 30,000 54,000 16,000 78,000Psychologist 141,000 77,000 14,000 9,000 74,000 30,000 43,000 34,000Social scientist 124,000 160,000 48,000 51,000 48,000 66,000 27,000 40,000

Engineer 204,000 1,378,000 118,000 875,000 72,000 408,000 14,000 93,000

S&E-related occupations 3,165,000 2,377,000 1,871,000 1,039,000 876,000 528,000 48,000 69,000

Non-S&E occupations 4,088,000 4,740,000 2,321,000 2,794,000 1,411,000 1,357,000 80,000 145,000

White 6,306,000 8,248,000 3,558,000 4,610,000 2,051,000 2,199,000 218,000 464,000

S&E occupations 893,000 2,609,000 465,000 1,592,000 292,000 701,000 124,000 297,000

Scientist 769,000 1,572,000 389,000 898,000 249,000 416,000 118,000 240,000Biological/life scientist 160,000 204,000 76,000 78,000 42,000 50,000 39,000 69,000Computer and information scientist 285,000 917,000 213,000 671,000 67,000 213,000 4,000 31,000Mathematical scientist 47,000 74,000 16,000 23,000 23,000 30,000 8,000 18,000Physical scientist 67,000 180,000 35,000 77,000 21,000 44,000 11,000 59,000Psychologist 114,000 68,000 10,000 7,000 61,000 26,000 36,000 31,000Social scientist 96,000 129,000 39,000 42,000 35,000 54,000 20,000 32,000

Engineer 124,000 1,036,000 75,000 694,000 43,000 285,000 6,000 57,000

S&E-related occupations 2,409,000 1,837,000 1,418,000 801,000 709,000 414,000 36,000 50,000

Non-S&E occupations 3,004,000 3,803,000 1,676,000 2,217,000 1,050,000 1,085,000 57,000 116,000

Asian 850,000 1,188,000 450,000 530,000 267,000 420,000 45,000 125,000

S&E occupations 236,000 589,000 85,000 233,000 116,000 259,000 32,000 94,000

Scientist 189,000 388,000 66,000 154,000 95,000 169,000 25,000 63,000Biological/life scientist 40,000 40,000 13,000 6,000 13,000 9,000 12,000 23,000Computer and information scientist 99,000 294,000 38,000 138,000 58,000 140,000 3,000 15,000Mathematical scientist 15,000 15,000 4,000 1,000 8,000 7,000 2,000 6,000Physical scientist 17,000 26,000 7,000 6,000 7,000 6,000 3,000 14,000Psychologist 6,000 1,000 D D 3,000 D 2,000 *Social scientist 11,000 13,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 6,000 3,000 4,000

Engineer 46,000 200,000 19,000 79,000 21,000 90,000 7,000 31,000

S&E-related occupations 291,000 269,000 160,000 105,000 56,000 57,000 6,000 13,000

Non-S&E occupations 324,000 330,000 206,000 191,000 96,000 104,000 7,000 18,000

TABLE 9-7. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, race/ethnicity, highest degree level, and sex: 2008All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

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Black 650,000 457,000 374,000 271,000 220,000 130,000 17,000 17,000

S&E occupations 75,000 115,000 41,000 73,000 27,000 31,000 7,000 11,000

Scientist 64,000 78,000 33,000 46,000 24,000 21,000 6,000 9,000Biological/life scientist 7,000 7,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 * 1,000 3,000Computer and information scientist 35,000 52,000 23,000 37,000 12,000 14,000 * 1,000Mathematical scientist 6,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 1,000Physical scientist 4,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 * 1,000Psychologist 6,000 4,000 D D 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,000Social scientist 7,000 6,000 2,000 D 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Engineer 11,000 38,000 8,000 26,000 3,000 10,000 * 2,000



Hispanic 525,000 549,000 308,000 332,000 159,000 134,000 16,000 19,000

S&E occupations 69,000 170,000 37,000 115,000 22,000 42,000 7,000 11,000

Scientist 54,000 97,000 27,000 62,000 18,000 24,000 7,000 9,000Biological/life scientist 13,000 15,000 6,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 3,000 3,000Computer and information scientist 16,000 60,000 12,000 47,000 4,000 12,000 * 1,000Mathematical scientist 3,000 4,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 * 1,000Physical scientist 5,000 9,000 3,000 6,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000Psychologist 11,000 3,000 2,000 D 6,000 1,000 2,000 1,000Social scientist 7,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 1,000

Engineer 15,000 73,000 10,000 53,000 4,000 18,000 * 2,000



American Indian/Alaska Native 37,000 40,000 24,000 25,000 10,000 11,000 1,000 1,000

S&E occupations 5,000 12,000 3,000 8,000 2,000 3,000 * 1,000

Scientist 4,000 9,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 3,000 * 1,000Biological/life scientist 1,000 3,000 D 2,000 D D D DComputer and information scientist 1,000 3,000 D 3,000 D D D DMathematical scientist D D D D D D D DPhysical scientist 1,000 * D D D D D *Psychologist 1,000 * D D D D * DSocial scientist * 2,000 D D D D * *

Engineer 1,000 3,000 1,000 2,000 * * D *

S&E-related occupations 13,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 * D

Non-S&E occupations 19,000 19,000 13,000 11,000 6,000 6,000 * D

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013175



Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 30,000 48,000 23,000 35,000 5,000 10,000 * 1,000

S&E occupations 5,000 16,000 3,000 12,000 1,000 3,000 * *

Scientist 4,000 8,000 2,000 6,000 1,000 2,000 * *Biological/life scientist * * D D D D * *Computer and information scientist 2,000 6,000 2,000 4,000 D 1,000 D DMathematical scientist D D D D D D D DPhysical scientist D 1,000 D D D D D *Psychologist 1,000 * D D D D D *Social scientist * * D D D D * *

Engineer 1,000 8,000 1,000 7,000 D 1,000 D D

S&E-related occupations 13,000 10,000 10,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 * *

Non-S&E occupations 12,000 23,000 10,000 17,000 2,000 6,000 D *

Multiple race 162,000 152,000 102,000 102,000 42,000 33,000 5,000 5,000

S&E occupations 24,000 56,000 15,000 38,000 6,000 13,000 3,000 3,000

Scientist 19,000 36,000 10,000 23,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 3,000Biological/life scientist 4,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000Computer and information scientist 8,000 22,000 5,000 17,000 2,000 5,000 D *Mathematical scientist * * D D D D * DPhysical scientist 2,000 5,000 1,000 3,000 * 1,000 * 1,000Psychologist 3,000 1,000 D D 1,000 D 1,000 *Social scientist 2,000 3,000 D D 1,000 1,000 * *

Engineer 6,000 20,000 5,000 15,000 1,000 5,000 * 1,000


Non-S&E occupations 79,000 64,000 49,000 45,000 23,000 15,000 2,000 1,000* = estimate less than 500; D = suppressed for data confidentiality reasons.



NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. Other data sets are more appropriate for characterizing the entire U.S. labor force, including those with a bachelor's or higher degree. See tables 9-1 to 9-4. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

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Occupation TotalWithout

disabilityWith

disability TotalWithout

disabilityWith


disabilityWith


disabilityWith

disability

All occupations 19,244,000 17,876,000 1,369,000 10,745,000 9,931,000 814,000 5,690,000 5,309,000 381,000 934,000 870,000 65,000 S&E occupations 4,874,000 4,557,000 318,000 2,720,000 2,538,000 181,000 1,519,000 1,426,000 92,000 592,000 552,000 40,000

Scientist 3,292,000 3,080,000 212,000 1,726,000 1,611,000 115,000 1,038,000 978,000 61,000 485,000 452,000 33,000Biological/life scientist 498,000 465,000 33,000 198,000 186,000 12,000 128,000 118,000 10,000 156,000 146,000 10,000

Agricultural/food scientist 62,000 58,000 4,000 36,000 34,000 D 15,000 13,000 D 11,000 10,000 1,000Biological/medical scientist 331,000 311,000 20,000 125,000 117,000 8,000 86,000 80,000 6,000 108,000 103,000 5,000Forestry and conservation scientist 35,000 30,000 4,000 22,000 19,000 3,000 11,000 10,000 D 2,000 1,000 *Postsecondary teacher 70,000 66,000 4,000 15,000 15,000 D 16,000 15,000 1,000 35,000 32,000 3,000

Computer and information scientist 1,800,000 1,682,000 118,000 1,210,000 1,124,000 86,000 531,000 503,000 28,000 55,000 51,000 4,000Computer/information scientist 1,778,000 1,662,000 116,000 1,206,000 1,120,000 85,000 523,000 495,000 28,000 46,000 42,000 3,000Postsecondary teacher 22,000 20,000 2,000 4,000 3,000 D 8,000 8,000 D 9,000 8,000 1,000

Mathematical scientist 170,000 160,000 10,000 51,000 49,000 2,000 77,000 73,000 4,000 37,000 34,000 3,000Mathematical scientist 107,000 103,000 5,000 41,000 39,000 D 46,000 44,000 2,000 17,000 16,000 1,000Postsecondary teacher 62,000 57,000 5,000 11,000 10,000 D 31,000 29,000 2,000 20,000 19,000 2,000

Physical scientist 322,000 300,000 22,000 144,000 134,000 10,000 84,000 79,000 6,000 93,000 87,000 6,000Chemist, except biochemist 129,000 121,000 8,000 74,000 69,000 5,000 26,000 25,000 1,000 29,000 27,000 2,000Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 78,000 70,000 7,000 36,000 31,000 4,000 30,000 28,000 2,000 12,000 11,000 1,000Physicist/astronomer 27,000 26,000 2,000 5,000 5,000 D 6,000 6,000 D 16,000 15,000 1,000Other physical scientist 35,000 33,000 2,000 21,000 20,000 1,000 10,000 9,000 D 4,000 4,000 *Postsecondary teacher 54,000 51,000 3,000 9,000 9,000 D 12,000 12,000 D 32,000 30,000 2,000

Psychologist 218,000 203,000 15,000 23,000 23,000 D 103,000 95,000 8,000 77,000 72,000 5,000Psychologist 185,000 172,000 13,000 19,000 19,000 D 95,000 88,000 8,000 56,000 53,000 4,000Postsecondary teacher 33,000 31,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 D 8,000 7,000 D 21,000 19,000 1,000

Social scientist 284,000 270,000 14,000 99,000 95,000 4,000 115,000 110,000 4,000 67,000 61,000 6,000Economist 29,000 28,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 D 15,000 14,000 D 8,000 8,000 1,000Political scientist 17,000 17,000 * 6,000 6,000 D 10,000 9,000 D 1,000 1,000 *Sociologist/anthropologist 21,000 20,000 1,000 7,000 7,000 D 9,000 9,000 D 4,000 4,000 *Other social scientist 134,000 129,000 6,000 69,000 65,000 4,000 56,000 55,000 2,000 9,000 8,000 *Postsecondary teacher 83,000 77,000 5,000 12,000 11,000 D 25,000 24,000 1,000 44,000 40,000 4,000

Engineer 1,582,000 1,476,000 106,000 994,000 928,000 66,000 480,000 448,000 32,000 107,000 100,000 7,000Aerospace engineer 100,000 92,000 8,000 57,000 53,000 4,000 37,000 33,000 3,000 7,000 6,000 *Chemical engineer 77,000 72,000 6,000 45,000 42,000 4,000 23,000 22,000 2,000 9,000 8,000 *Civil engineer 258,000 239,000 19,000 176,000 164,000 12,000 76,000 70,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 1,000Electrical engineer 399,000 372,000 27,000 240,000 222,000 18,000 133,000 126,000 7,000 25,000 24,000 2,000Industrial engineer 93,000 88,000 6,000 68,000 64,000 4,000 23,000 22,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 DMechanical engineer 300,000 282,000 18,000 198,000 186,000 12,000 91,000 86,000 6,000 11,000 11,000 1,000Other engineer 320,000 300,000 20,000 204,000 192,000 11,000 90,000 83,000 7,000 27,000 24,000 2,000Postsecondary teacher 35,000 33,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 D 8,000 7,000 1,000 21,000 20,000 1,000

S&E-related occupations 5,542,000 5,195,000 348,000 2,910,000 2,700,000 210,000 1,404,000 1,325,000 79,000 117,000 111,000 6,000Health-related occupation 3,780,000 3,559,000 221,000 1,899,000 1,765,000 134,000 724,000 690,000 34,000 65,000 62,000 4,000S&E manager 501,000 469,000 32,000 265,000 248,000 17,000 194,000 183,000 12,000 32,000 30,000 2,000

TABLE 9-8. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and disability status: 2008All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013177

Occupation TotalWithout

disabilityWith


disabilityWith


disabilityWith


disabilityWith

disability

TABLE 9-8. Employed scientists and engineers, by occupation, highest degree level, and disability status: 2008All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

S&E precollege teacher 599,000 554,000 45,000 244,000 225,000 19,000 334,000 309,000 25,000 15,000 14,000 1,000S&E technician/technologist 446,000 408,000 37,000 355,000 323,000 32,000 85,000 80,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 *Other S&E-related occupation 216,000 203,000 12,000 148,000 139,000 9,000 67,000 63,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 D

Non-S&E occupations 8,828,000 8,125,000 703,000 5,115,000 4,692,000 422,000 2,768,000 2,557,000 210,000 225,000 207,000 18,000

Art, humanities, and related occupation 295,000 277,000 18,000 180,000 170,000 10,000 95,000 88,000 7,000 9,000 9,000 1,000Management-related occupation 1,309,000 1,211,000 98,000 766,000 710,000 56,000 479,000 440,000 38,000 34,000 33,000 2,000Non-S&E manager 1,261,000 1,180,000 81,000 596,000 558,000 38,000 531,000 498,000 33,000 75,000 70,000 4,000Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 157,000 143,000 14,000 27,000 23,000 4,000 73,000 68,000 5,000 50,000 46,000 4,000Non-S&E precollege teacher 745,000 687,000 58,000 353,000 327,000 25,000 378,000 346,000 32,000 6,000 6,000 DSales and marketing occupation 1,357,000 1,262,000 95,000 1,019,000 951,000 68,000 296,000 273,000 23,000 14,000 13,000 1,000Social services and related occupation 725,000 661,000 64,000 256,000 231,000 25,000 435,000 399,000 35,000 16,000 14,000 2,000Other non-S&E occupation 2,979,000 2,703,000 276,000 1,918,000 1,722,000 196,000 481,000 445,000 36,000 21,000 17,000 4,000

NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003.




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Postdoctoral Seeking Not seekingTotal Full time Part time appointment employment employment Retired

Ages 75 and younger 23,279,000 16,320,000 2,897,000 27,000 610,000 1,355,000 2,069,000Female 10,718,000 6,574,000 1,976,000 11,000 292,000 1,086,000 779,000Male 12,561,000 9,746,000 921,000 16,000 318,000 269,000 1,290,000White 17,757,000 12,207,000 2,332,000 16,000 407,000 1,016,000 1,779,000Asian 2,389,000 1,800,000 229,000 9,000 82,000 171,000 98,000Black 1,305,000 979,000 128,000 1,000 52,000 48,000 98,000Hispanic 1,263,000 935,000 138,000 1,000 49,000 79,000 61,000American Indian/Alaska Native 93,000 69,000 8,000 D 2,000 6,000 8,000Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 89,000 68,000 11,000 * 3,000 4,000 3,000Multiple race 383,000 262,000 52,000 * 15,000 32,000 22,000Without disability 21,249,000 15,204,000 2,645,000 26,000 538,000 1,188,000 1,647,000With disability 2,030,000 1,116,000 252,000 1,000 72,000 167,000 422,000

29 and younger 2,722,000 1,989,000 338,000 3,000 104,000 286,000 D

Female 1,545,000 1,074,000 229,000 1,000 62,000 178,000 DMale 1,176,000 915,000 109,000 1,000 43,000 108,000 DWhite 1,831,000 1,358,000 237,000 2,000 58,000 175,000 DAsian 417,000 295,000 37,000 1,000 20,000 64,000 DBlack 150,000 108,000 21,000 * 9,000 12,000 DHispanic 199,000 140,000 27,000 * 11,000 20,000 DAmerican Indian/Alaska Native 8,000 7,000 * D D 1,000 DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 19,000 13,000 3,000 D D D DMultiple race 98,000 67,000 13,000 D 5,000 12,000 DWithout disability 2,637,000 1,931,000 330,000 3,000 97,000 275,000 DWith disability 85,000 58,000 9,000 D 8,000 10,000 D

30–39 5,367,000 4,235,000 607,000 20,000 99,000 390,000 16,000

Female 2,681,000 1,759,000 495,000 8,000 59,000 349,000 11,000Male 2,685,000 2,476,000 111,000 12,000 40,000 41,000 4,000White 3,785,000 2,942,000 470,000 11,000 51,000 299,000 11,000Asian 739,000 596,000 65,000 7,000 18,000 50,000 DBlack 316,000 267,000 24,000 * 13,000 11,000 DHispanic 372,000 310,000 28,000 1,000 12,000 21,000 DAmerican Indian/Alaska Native 15,000 13,000 D D D D DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 35,000 27,000 3,000 * D 3,000 DMultiple race 105,000 79,000 16,000 * 3,000 6,000 DWithout disability 5,216,000 4,122,000 591,000 19,000 93,000 379,000 12,000With disability 151,000 113,000 15,000 1,000 7,000 11,000 4,000

40–49 5,788,000 4,602,000 681,000 3,000 135,000 337,000 31,000

Female 2,701,000 1,747,000 568,000 1,000 68,000 301,000 17,000Male 3,087,000 2,855,000 112,000 2,000 67,000 36,000 15,000White 4,366,000 3,437,000 543,000 2,000 95,000 265,000 24,000Asian 613,000 500,000 57,000 1,000 17,000 36,000 2,000

TABLE 9-9. Employment status of scientists and engineers, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008Employed Not employed

Age (years), sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013179

Postdoctoral Seeking Not seekingTotal Full time Part time appointment employment employment Retired

TABLE 9-9. Employment status of scientists and engineers, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008Employed Not employed

Age (years), sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status

Black 348,000 290,000 36,000 * 8,000 10,000 3,000Hispanic 346,000 279,000 34,000 * 11,000 19,000 2,000American Indian/Alaska Native 27,000 24,000 D D D D DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 17,000 16,000 D D D D DMultiple race 73,000 56,000 9,000 D 1,000 6,000 DWithout disability 5,329,000 4,259,000 625,000 3,000 120,000 298,000 24,000With disability 460,000 343,000 56,000 * 15,000 39,000 7,000

50–75 9,402,000 5,495,000 1,271,000 1,000 272,000 343,000 2,020,000

Female 3,790,000 1,995,000 683,000 1,000 103,000 259,000 749,000Male 5,612,000 3,500,000 588,000 1,000 168,000 84,000 1,271,000White 7,775,000 4,470,000 1,082,000 1,000 203,000 277,000 1,742,000Asian 620,000 409,000 69,000 * 26,000 21,000 94,000Black 491,000 313,000 48,000 * 22,000 15,000 93,000Hispanic 346,000 206,000 49,000 * 15,000 19,000 58,000American Indian/Alaska Native 44,000 25,000 6,000 D D 4,000 8,000Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 18,000 11,000 4,000 D D D 3,000Multiple race 107,000 59,000 14,000 D 5,000 8,000 22,000Without disability 8,067,000 4,892,000 1,100,000 1,000 228,000 236,000 1,610,000With disability 1,334,000 602,000 172,000 * 43,000 107,000 410,000



NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

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75 years and 10–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–75Employment status younger Since birth 10 years years years years years years

All scientists and engineers 2,030,000 133,000 111,000 220,000 178,000 221,000 514,000 654,000

Employed in S&E occupations 665,000 45,000 43,000 82,000 61,000 76,000 211,000 146,000Employed in non-S&E occupations 703,000 48,000 41,000 87,000 66,000 83,000 194,000 185,000Not employed, seeking employment 72,000 5,000 8,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 12,000 20,000Not employed, not seeking employment 589,000 34,000 19,000 42,000 42,000 52,000 96,000 303,000

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003.


TABLE 9-10. Employment status of scientists and engineers with disabilities, by age at onset of disability: 2008



Sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status All part time

All groups 2,898,000 2,377,000 521,000 108,000 1,568,000 1,183,000 472,000 322,000 635,000 332,000 254,000Female 1,977,000 1,650,000 327,000 77,000 1,104,000 1,036,000 306,000 222,000 246,000 216,000 166,000Male 921,000 727,000 195,000 31,000 463,000 147,000 167,000 100,000 389,000 115,000 87,000

White 2,333,000 1,965,000 368,000 87,000 1,342,000 973,000 347,000 253,000 543,000 229,000 172,000Asian 229,000 169,000 60,000 7,000 88,000 99,000 48,000 26,000 30,000 40,000 33,000Black 128,000 91,000 36,000 5,000 47,000 40,000 30,000 18,000 30,000 24,000 17,000Hispanic 138,000 97,000 41,000 5,000 56,000 48,000 34,000 16,000 20,000 24,000 26,000American Indian/Alaska Native 8,000 6,000 1,000 D 5,000 1,000 D * 2,000 D DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 11,000 8,000 3,000 D 4,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000Multiple race 52,000 41,000 11,000 3,000 26,000 19,000 10,000 7,000 8,000 13,000 5,000

Without disability 2,646,000 2,188,000 458,000 58,000 1,457,000 1,107,000 426,000 299,000 538,000 315,000 232,000With disability 252,000 189,000 63,000 50,000 110,000 76,000 46,000 23,000 97,000 17,000 22,000

Hold another job Retired Student Other

Did not want full time

Wanted full time


Preference for full-time statusReason for part-time status

TABLE 9-11. Scientists and engineers employed part time, by preference for full-time employment and reason for working part time, by sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008


NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression and because respondents could select more than one reason. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Chronic illness or permanent

disability

Did not need/want to work full time

Family responsibilities

Full-time job not available

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Sex, race/ethnicity and disability status All not working

Chronic illness or permanent

disability Did not need/ want to work

Familyresponsibilities Laid off Retired Student

Suitable job not available Other

All groups 4,034,000 360,000 1,078,000 867,000 319,000 2,177,000 361,000 442,000 179,000Female 2,157,000 197,000 706,000 775,000 120,000 817,000 210,000 232,000 120,000Male 1,877,000 162,000 372,000 92,000 200,000 1,360,000 152,000 210,000 58,000

White 3,202,000 273,000 897,000 660,000 216,000 1,857,000 226,000 297,000 120,000Asian 351,000 21,000 77,000 105,000 45,000 109,000 75,000 68,000 23,000Black 198,000 33,000 41,000 29,000 26,000 109,000 20,000 35,000 11,000Hispanic 189,000 18,000 42,000 49,000 23,000 66,000 27,000 30,000 18,000American Indian/Alaska Native 16,000 4,000 2,000 4,000 D 9,000 1,000 3,000 DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 10,000 D 4,000 4,000 D 3,000 D D DMultiple race 69,000 11,000 16,000 16,000 7,000 25,000 11,000 9,000 6,000

Without disability 3,373,000 131,000 951,000 799,000 282,000 1,736,000 341,000 378,000 160,000With disability 661,000 228,000 127,000 68,000 38,000 441,000 21,000 64,000 19,000

TABLE 9-12. Scientists and engineers who are unemployed or out of labor force, by reason for not working, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008

D = suppressed for data confidentiality reasons.


NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression and because respondents could select more than one reason. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013183

Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll bachelor's degree

recipientsFull-time student

Employed in S&E or S&E-related occupationa

Employed in non-S&E occupation Not employed

Median salary for full-time employedb ($)

All S&E and S&E-related fields 1,146,000 315,000 361,000 378,000 92,000 42,000Female 659,000 192,000 202,000 212,000 52,000 40,000Male 487,000 123,000 158,000 166,000 40,000 45,000White 793,000 214,000 262,000 260,000 56,000 42,000Asian 107,000 37,000 28,000 29,000 12,000 48,000Underrepresented minority 206,000 53,000 57,000 75,000 21,000 40,000Without disability 1,098,000 303,000 347,000 363,000 85,000 42,000With disability 48,000 12,000 14,000 15,000 7,000 42,000

Science 785,000 249,000 127,000 337,000 71,000 36,000

Female 442,000 154,000 54,000 192,000 42,000 34,000Male 343,000 95,000 73,000 145,000 29,000 40,000White 540,000 171,000 91,000 234,000 44,000 35,000Asian 75,000 28,000 13,000 25,000 9,000 41,000Underrepresented minority 141,000 41,000 18,000 66,000 16,000 35,000Without disability 750,000 239,000 121,000 324,000 66,000 36,000With disability 35,000 10,000 6,000 13,000 5,000 36,000

Biological/life sciences 183,000 80,000 36,000 48,000 18,000 35,000

Female 112,000 50,000 21,000 30,000 12,000 34,000Male 70,000 30,000 15,000 19,000 7,000 36,000White 124,000 58,000 25,000 31,000 10,000 35,000Asian 24,000 11,000 4,000 6,000 4,000 36,000Underrepresented minority 28,000 9,000 6,000 9,000 4,000 31,000Without disability 176,000 79,000 36,000 45,000 17,000 35,000With disability 7,000 1,000 S 3,000 2,000 31,000

Computer and information sciences 72,000 9,000 37,000 20,000 5,000 50,000

Female 13,000 2,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 53,000Male 59,000 8,000 32,000 15,000 4,000 50,000White 48,000 5,000 25,000 15,000 4,000 49,000Asian 8,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 D 68,000Underrepresented minority 12,000 2,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 49,000Without disability 68,000 9,000 34,000 20,000 5,000 50,000With disability 4,000 D 3,000 D D 52,000

Mathematical sciences 30,000 7,000 4,000 16,000 3,000 39,000

Female 13,000 3,000 2,000 7,000 1,000 39,000Male 17,000 4,000 2,000 10,000 1,000 39,000White 22,000 5,000 3,000 12,000 2,000 38,000Asian 3,000 1,000 * 2,000 * 63,000Underrepresented minority 4,000 1,000 * 2,000 * 39,000Without disability 29,000 7,000 3,000 16,000 3,000 39,000With disability 1,000 D D * D D

Physical and related sciences 44,000 20,000 12,000 9,000 3,000 38,000

Female 19,000 8,000 4,000 5,000 1,000 35,000Male 25,000 11,000 8,000 5,000 1,000 41,000White 32,000 13,000 10,000 8,000 2,000 39,000Asian 5,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 * 38,000Underrepresented minority 5,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 36,000Without disability 42,000 19,000 11,000 9,000 3,000 38,000With disability 2,000 1,000 1,000 * D 41,000

Psychology 180,000 62,000 19,000 83,000 17,000 30,000

Female 139,000 49,000 12,000 63,000 14,000 31,000Male 42,000 13,000 7,000 19,000 3,000 30,000White 122,000 43,000 14,000 55,000 11,000 30,000Asian 11,000 4,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 32,000Underrepresented minority 39,000 12,000 1,000 22,000 4,000 30,000

TABLE 9-13. Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health bachelor's degree recipients, by field of bachelor's degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

Not full-time student


Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll bachelor's degree





TABLE 9-13. Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health bachelor's degree recipients, by field of bachelor's degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010


Without disability 170,000 59,000 17,000 79,000 15,000 30,000With disability 10,000 3,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 32,000

Social and related sciences 277,000 71,000 20,000 160,000 26,000 35,000

Female 146,000 41,000 10,000 83,000 13,000 33,000Male 131,000 30,000 10,000 77,000 13,000 39,000White 190,000 47,000 14,000 114,000 15,000 35,000Asian 25,000 7,000 2,000 13,000 3,000 43,000Underrepresented minority 54,000 15,000 4,000 28,000 6,000 34,000Without disability 265,000 67,000 19,000 155,000 24,000 35,000With disability 12,000 4,000 1,000 6,000 S 32,000

Engineering 132,000 26,000 75,000 20,000 10,000 58,000


Health 229,000 41,000 158,000 20,000 10,000 49,000

Female 193,000 33,000 135,000 16,000 8,000 49,000Male 36,000 8,000 23,000 4,000 2,000 50,000White 166,000 28,000 119,000 13,000 6,000 49,000Asian 13,000 4,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 49,000Underrepresented minority 44,000 8,000 28,000 5,000 3,000 50,000Without disability 220,000 39,000 152,000 19,000 9,000 49,000With disability 9,000 D 6,000 D D 52,000

* = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. b Salary data are for principal jobs only. Full-time employed are those working at least 35 hours per week at their principal jobs. Full-time students are excluded from salary data. NOTES: Numbers and median salaries rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Underrepresented minority category includes black, Hispanic, and American Indian or Alaska Native. Total includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and multiple race not shown separately. Hispanic may be any race. The National Survey of Recent College Graduates asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Survey of Recent College Graduates, 2010.


Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll master's degree





All S&E and S&E-related fields 339,000 58,000 181,000 81,000 20,000 62,000Female 196,000 27,000 104,000 51,000 14,000 58,000Male 143,000 31,000 77,000 30,000 6,000 69,000White 206,000 29,000 112,000 53,000 12,000 60,000Asian 72,000 17,000 42,000 8,000 4,000 67,000Underrepresented minority 51,000 9,000 22,000 17,000 3,000 60,000Without disability 324,000 55,000 175,000 76,000 17,000 62,000With disability 15,000 2,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 53,000

Science 157,000 37,000 57,000 52,000 10,000 54,000


Biological/life sciences 23,000 7,000 9,000 5,000 2,000 50,000

Female 13,000 4,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 50,000Male 10,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 50,000White 14,000 4,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 50,000Asian 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 49,000Underrepresented minority 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 * 50,000Without disability 22,000 7,000 9,000 4,000 2,000 50,000With disability 1,000 D D * D D

Computer and information sciences 32,000 3,000 23,000 5,000 1,000 69,000

Female 9,000 1,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 62,000Male 23,000 2,000 17,000 3,000 * 70,000White 12,000 1,000 8,000 3,000 1,000 74,000Asian 15,000 1,000 12,000 2,000 D 64,000Underrepresented minority 4,000 * 2,000 1,000 * 77,000Without disability 30,000 2,000 22,000 5,000 1,000 69,000With disability 2,000 * 1,000 * D 65,000

Mathematical sciences 10,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 65,000

Female 4,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 * 61,000Male 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 * 65,000White 4,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 * 58,000Asian 4,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 D 70,000Underrepresented minority 1,000 * * * * 52,000Without disability 9,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 65,000With disability * D D D D D

Physical and related sciences 11,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 * 52,000

Female 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 * 47,000Male 6,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 D 55,000White 7,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 * 52,000Asian 2,000 2,000 1,000 D D 40,000Underrepresented minority 1,000 1,000 * * * 69,000Without disability 10,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 * 52,000With disability * D * D D D

Psychology 45,000 9,000 10,000 22,000 4,000 42,000

Female 34,000 6,000 8,000 16,000 3,000 42,000Male 11,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 45,000White 31,000 6,000 7,000 14,000 3,000 42,000Asian 2,000 1,000 * 1,000 D 40,000Underrepresented minority 10,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 1,000 41,000

TABLE 9-14. Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health master's degree recipients, by field of master's degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010



Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll master's degree





TABLE 9-14. Education status, employment status, and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health master's degree recipients, by field of master's degree, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010


Without disability 42,000 9,000 9,000 21,000 3,000 42,000With disability 3,000 * 1,000 1,000 D 40,000

Social and related sciences 37,000 11,000 7,000 16,000 3,000 53,000

Female 21,000 5,000 4,000 10,000 2,000 48,000Male 16,000 5,000 4,000 7,000 1,000 59,000White 24,000 6,000 6,000 11,000 1,000 52,000Asian 5,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 * 55,000Underrepresented minority 6,000 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 51,000Without disability 35,000 10,000 7,000 16,000 2,000 53,000With disability 2,000 * * 1,000 * 45,000

Engineering 63,000 12,000 42,000 7,000 3,000 73,000

Female 14,000 3,000 8,000 1,000 1,000 70,000Male 49,000 8,000 34,000 5,000 2,000 74,000White 26,000 4,000 19,000 3,000 1,000 77,000Asian 28,000 7,000 18,000 2,000 2,000 69,000Underrepresented minority 7,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * 72,000Without disability 61,000 11,000 41,000 6,000 3,000 73,000With disability 2,000 S 1,000 * D 60,000

Health 119,000 9,000 81,000 22,000 7,000 63,000

Female 97,000 5,000 70,000 16,000 6,000 63,000Male 22,000 4,000 12,000 5,000 1,000 70,000White 87,000 4,000 62,000 16,000 5,000 62,000Asian 10,000 2,000 7,000 1,000 1,000 65,000Underrepresented minority 19,000 2,000 12,000 4,000 1,000 65,000Without disability 113,000 9,000 79,000 21,000 6,000 63,000With disability 5,000 D 3,000 1,000 D 57,000

* = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. b Salary data are for principal jobs only. Full-time employed are those working at least 35 hours per week at their principal jobs. Full-time students are excluded from salary data. NOTES: Numbers and median salaries rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Underrepresented minority category includes black, Hispanic, and American Indian or Alaska Native. Total includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and multiple race not shown separately. Hispanic may be any race. The National Survey of Recent College Graduates asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Survey of Recent College Graduates, 2010.


Median salaryAll Seeking Not seeking for full-time

Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status recipients Total Full time Part time Postdoc work work employeda ($)All S&E and S&E-related fields 44,500 42,300 26,400 2,100 13,800 1,000 1,200 60,000

Female 19,300 17,900 10,800 1,500 5,600 600 800 58,000Male 25,200 24,400 15,600 600 8,200 400 400 67,000White 25,800 24,600 15,700 1,400 7,600 500 600 60,000Asian 13,300 12,600 7,400 300 4,900 300 500 61,000Underrepresented minority 2,100 1,900 1,400 200 400 100 100 63,000Without disability 42,400 40,400 25,200 1,900 13,300 800 1,100 60,000With disability 2,100 1,900 1,300 200 500 100 100 59,000

Science 32,600 30,900 17,900 1,700 11,300 700 1,000 56,000

Female 15,100 14,000 8,000 1,200 4,800 400 600 54,000Male 17,500 17,000 9,900 500 6,500 200 300 60,000White 20,300 19,300 11,500 1,200 6,600 300 600 56,000Asian 8,100 7,600 3,800 200 3,600 200 300 53,000Underrepresented minority 1,600 1,500 1,000 100 300 100 D 58,000Without disability 31,000 29,500 17,000 1,600 10,900 600 900 56,000With disability 1,600 1,400 900 200 400 D D 55,000

Biological/life sciences 12,000 11,300 4,800 200 6,200 200 600 46,000

Female 6,000 5,600 2,400 200 3,100 100 400 44,000Male 6,000 5,700 2,400 100 3,200 D 200 47,000White 7,300 7,000 3,300 200 3,500 D 300 49,000Asian 3,100 2,800 800 D 2,000 D 200 42,000Underrepresented minority 500 500 300 D 100 D D 43,000Without disability 11,500 10,800 4,600 200 5,900 100 500 46,000With disability 500 500 200 D 300 D D 43,000

Computer and information sciences 2,000 2,000 1,600 100 300 D D 93,000

Female 400 400 200 D 100 D D 83,000Male 1,600 1,600 1,300 D 200 D D 95,000White 1,000 1,000 700 D 200 D D 89,000Asian 900 800 700 D 100 D D 93,000Underrepresented minority 100 100 D D D D D DWithout disability 1,900 1,900 1,500 100 300 D D 93,000With disability S S D D D D D D

Mathematical sciences 2,100 2,100 1,400 100 500 D D 60,000

Female 600 600 400 D 100 D D 60,000Male 1,500 1,500 1,000 D 400 D D 61,000White 1,200 1,100 800 D 200 D D 60,000Asian 800 800 500 D 300 D D 62,000Underrepresented minority 100 100 100 D D D D DWithout disability 2,000 2,000 1,300 D 500 D D 61,000With disability 100 100 D D D D D D

Physical and related sciences 6,400 6,100 2,900 200 3,000 200 100 54,000

Female 2,000 1,800 900 D 800 D S 54,000Male 4,500 4,300 2,000 100 2,200 100 D 55,000White 3,800 3,600 1,700 100 1,800 D D 54,000Asian 2,100 2,000 900 D 1,100 D D 50,000Underrepresented minority 200 200 100 D 100 D D 43,000Without disability 6,200 5,900 2,700 200 3,000 200 100 54,000With disability 300 200 200 D 100 D D 55,000

Psychology 4,700 4,500 3,400 400 700 100 200 60,000

Female 3,300 3,100 2,300 400 400 100 100 59,000Male 1,400 1,400 1,100 D 300 D D 69,000White 3,600 3,300 2,600 300 500 D 100 60,000Asian 300 300 200 D D D D 63,000Underrepresented minority 300 300 200 D 100 D D 59,000Without disability 4,500 4,300 3,200 400 700 100 200 60,000

Employed

TABLE 9-15. Employment status and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health doctoral degree recipients, by broad field of doctorate, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

Not employed


Median salaryAll Seeking Not seeking for full-time

Field, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status recipients Total Full time Part time Postdoc work work employeda ($)Employed

TABLE 9-15. Employment status and median salary of 2008 and 2009 science, engineering, and health doctoral degree recipients, by broad field of doctorate, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

Not employed

With disability 200 200 200 D D D D D

Social sciences 5,200 5,000 3,800 600 500 200 100 65,000Female 2,700 2,500 1,700 500 300 100 D 60,000Male 2,600 2,500 2,100 200 200 D D 73,000White 3,500 3,300 2,400 500 400 D 100 64,000Asian 800 800 700 D * D D 71,000Underrepresented minority 400 400 300 D D D D 67,000Without disability 4,900 4,700 3,600 600 500 100 100 65,000With disability 400 300 200 D D D D 61,000

Engineering 9,100 8,600 6,500 D 2,000 300 200 83,000

Female 2,100 1,900 1,400 D 500 100 100 79,000Male 6,900 6,700 5,100 D 1,500 200 D 84,000White 3,700 3,500 2,800 D 700 200 D 85,000Asian 4,600 4,400 3,100 D 1,200 D 100 79,000Underrepresented minority 300 300 200 D * D D 80,000Without disability 8,600 8,300 6,200 D 2,000 200 200 84,000With disability 400 400 300 D D D D 67,000

Health 2,900 2,800 2,100 200 500 D 100 71,000

Female 2,100 2,100 1,500 200 300 D D 71,000Male 800 700 600 D 100 D D 75,000White 1,800 1,800 1,300 100 300 D D 71,000Asian 700 700 400 D 100 D D 67,000Underrepresented minority 200 200 100 D D D D 69,000Without disability 2,700 2,600 1,900 200 500 D S 71,000With disability 200 100 100 D D D D D

* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a Salary data are for principal jobs only. Full-time employed are those working at least 35 hours per week at their principal jobs. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100, and median salaries rounded to nearest $1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Underrepresented minority category includes black, Hispanic, and American Indian or Alaska Native. Total includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and multiple race not shown separately. Hispanic may be any race. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation and age (years) Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

All occupations 72,000 60,000 84,000 65,000 52,000 75,000 75,000 63,000 90,000 93,000 77,000 100,000

29 and younger 48,000 44,000 53,000 45,000 40,000 50,000 52,000 49,000 62,000 63,000 52,000 75,00030–39 70,000 59,000 79,000 65,000 54,000 73,000 72,000 60,000 85,000 74,000 69,000 80,00040–49 84,000 68,000 95,000 75,000 60,000 85,000 88,000 71,000 100,000 96,000 80,000 100,00050–75 80,000 63,000 91,000 70,000 56,000 80,000 80,000 66,000 91,000 102,000 86,000 110,000

S&E occupations 81,000 70,000 85,000 79,000 68,000 80,000 87,000 74,000 92,000 90,000 75,000 96,000

29 and younger 56,000 50,000 60,000 55,000 47,000 56,000 62,000 54,000 68,000 65,000 49,000 75,00030–39 80,000 70,000 82,000 77,000 70,000 80,000 83,000 70,000 89,000 74,000 67,000 80,00040–49 91,000 80,000 95,000 89,000 80,000 90,000 98,000 86,000 100,000 92,000 78,000 99,00050–75 90,000 78,000 95,000 86,000 71,000 90,000 92,000 80,000 98,000 100,000 89,000 105,000

Scientist 80,000 70,000 83,000 75,000 65,000 80,000 83,000 72,000 90,000 85,000 73,000 91,000

29 and younger 51,000 45,000 55,000 50,000 40,000 53,000 58,000 52,000 65,000 56,000 43,000 65,00030–39 75,000 66,000 80,000 75,000 67,000 80,000 80,000 68,000 87,000 69,000 63,000 72,00040–49 88,000 80,000 92,000 85,000 79,000 89,000 94,000 84,000 100,000 87,000 76,000 91,00050–75 86,000 75,000 90,000 81,000 70,000 85,000 85,000 79,000 89,000 99,000 86,000 100,000

Biological/life scientist 60,000 54,000 65,000 48,000 45,000 50,000 60,000 58,000 63,000 80,000 70,000 86,000

29 and younger 32,000 35,000 30,000 29,000 30,000 28,000 42,000 48,000 28,000 39,000 39,000 60,00030–39 55,000 55,000 56,000 52,000 50,000 54,000 56,000 56,000 56,000 60,000 55,000 60,00040–49 72,000 70,000 73,000 60,000 52,000 64,000 67,000 69,000 66,000 85,000 80,000 86,00050–75 79,000 69,000 82,000 55,000 54,000 56,000 71,000 71,000 72,000 100,000 92,000 104,000

Computer and information scientist 85,000 79,000 86,000 80,000 75,000 82,000 92,000 84,000 96,000 100,000 95,000 101,000

29 and younger 60,000 60,000 61,000 58,000 56,000 59,000 72,000 66,000 75,000 95,000 D D 30–39 83,000 75,000 85,000 80,000 72,000 82,000 90,000 80,000 95,000 95,000 100,000 94,00040–49 93,000 85,000 96,000 90,000 80,000 92,000 100,000 89,000 104,000 101,000 94,000 103,00050–75 89,000 80,000 91,000 85,000 74,000 88,000 92,000 92,000 94,000 107,000 95,000 110,000

Mathematical scientist 75,000 70,000 80,000 61,000 67,000 61,000 77,000 73,000 85,000 87,000 80,000 90,000

29 and younger 53,000 55,000 49,000 49,000 57,000 40,000 53,000 53,000 36,000 60,000 49,000 82,00030–39 70,000 68,000 74,000 61,000 D 61,000 73,000 70,000 84,000 80,000 80,000 80,00040–49 88,000 84,000 90,000 86,000 D D 88,000 83,000 90,000 90,000 80,000 97,00050–75 82,000 70,000 91,000 70,000 D 98,000 78,000 70,000 80,000 95,000 93,000 95,000

Physical scientist 70,000 60,000 76,000 60,000 55,000 64,000 73,000 60,000 80,000 90,000 74,000 93,000

29 and younger 40,000 38,000 40,000 38,000 33,000 40,000 37,000 41,000 29,000 55,000 55,000 54,00030–39 64,000 59,000 67,000 62,000 60,000 64,000 58,000 47,000 63,000 72,000 64,000 76,00040–49 80,000 70,000 85,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 82,000 77,000 94,000 94,000 80,000 100,00050–75 88,000 74,000 90,000 72,000 69,000 75,000 90,000 69,000 98,000 102,000 96,000 104,000

Psychologist 62,000 60,000 69,000 36,000 34,000 D 58,000 58,000 58,000 79,000 72,000 85,000

29 and younger 37,000 38,000 33,000 D D D 43,000 45,000 D 62,000 D D

30–39 57,000 58,000 55,000 D D D 52,000 55,000 50,000 63,000 68,000 60,000

TABLE 9-16. Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by highest degree, broad occupation, age, and sex: 2008(Dollars)

All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

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Occupation and age (years) Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

TABLE 9-16. Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by highest degree, broad occupation, age, and sex: 2008(Dollars)

All degrees Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

40–49 70,000 70,000 70,000 D D D 68,000 67,000 D 76,000 72,000 80,00050–75 75,000 73,000 80,000 D D D 65,000 65,000 63,000 90,000 80,000 99,000

Social scientist 73,000 68,000 83,000 65,000 62,000 66,000 80,000 70,000 91,000 79,000 70,000 85,000

29 and younger 46,000 46,000 46,000 44,000 45,000 43,000 47,000 46,000 47,000 65,000 65000 D 30–39 74,000 73,000 80,000 79,000 D 65,000 80,000 75,000 83,000 65,000 64,000 68,00040–49 85,000 73,000 95,000 85,000 D 90,000 97,000 75,000 100,000 74,000 69,000 81,00050–75 90,000 80,000 95,000 75,000 D 75,000 100,000 80,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 95,000

Engineer 87,000 77,000 90,000 82,000 72,000 85,000 95,000 81,000 96,000 104,000 92,000 106,000

29 and younger 62,000 61,000 62,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 69,000 65,000 70,000 88,000 75,000 88,00030–39 82,000 78,000 84,000 80,000 75,000 80,000 89,000 80,000 90,000 93,000 82,000 95,00040–49 96,000 90,000 96,000 92,000 83,000 93,000 103,000 98,000 104,000 110,000 109,000 112,00050–75 100,000 97,000 100,000 95,000 94,000 95,000 102,000 100,000 102,000 120,000 105,000 120,000

S&E-related occupations 72,000 62,000 95,000 63,000 58,000 75,000 70,000 66,000 82,000 100,000 76,000 120,000

29 and younger 48,000 48,000 48,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 52,000 52,000 53,000 54,000 D D 30–39 67,000 60,000 80,000 60,000 55,000 71,000 65,000 60,000 70,000 72,000 70,000 100,00040–49 80,000 68,000 100,000 70,000 63,000 80,000 77,000 70,000 90,000 100,000 85,000 120,00050–75 82,000 67,000 100,000 70,000 60,000 85,000 76,000 70,000 85,000 110,000 88,000 126,000

Non-S&E occupations 65,000 51,000 78,000 55,000 45,000 67,000 70,000 57,000 90,000 100,000 80,000 110,000

29 and younger 42,000 40,000 47,000 40,000 37,000 44,000 46,000 45,000 59,000 85,000 70000 D 30–39 62,000 52,000 72,000 57,000 48,000 65,000 65,000 54,000 85,000 78,000 74,000 80,00040–49 77,000 60,000 92,000 70,000 50,000 80,000 85,000 65,000 104,000 103,000 85,000 110,00050–75 70,000 56,000 82,000 60,000 47,000 68,000 75,000 62,000 90,000 104,000 84,000 119,000




NOTES: Salaries rounded to nearest $1,000. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013191

Sex, occupation, and age (years)All races/

ethnicities White Asian Black Hispanic

American Indian/Alaska

Native

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

Multiplerace

Both sexes 72,000 74,000 80,000 62,000 64,000 60,000 70,000 62,000

All occupations 72,000 74,000 80,000 62,000 64,000 60,000 70,000 62,000 29 and younger 48,000 46,000 59,000 42,000 45,000 49,000 50,000 45,000 30–39 70,000 70,000 81,000 61,000 65,000 59,000 70,000 63,000 40–49 84,000 85,000 90,000 68,000 73,000 55,000 80,000 70,000 50–75 80,000 80,000 80,000 65,000 71,000 61,000 62,000 73,000

S&E occupations 81,000 82,000 85,000 75,000 72,000 67,000 80,000 70,000

29 and younger 56,000 55,000 65,000 53,000 52,000 50,000 65,000 54,000 30–39 80,000 78,000 85,000 73,000 74,000 84,000 82,000 75,000 40–49 91,000 92,000 95,000 83,000 80,000 67,000 85,000 94,000 50–75 90,000 91,000 94,000 82,000 83,000 60,000 89,000 80,000

Scientist 80,000 80,000 83,000 73,000 69,000 65,000 80,000 65,000

29 and younger 51,000 47,000 64,000 50,000 49,000 D D 47,000 30–39 75,000 73,000 84,000 70,000 72,000 84,000 69,000 70,000 40–49 88,000 89,000 94,000 80,000 75,000 65,000 80,000 78,000 50–75 86,000 86,000 88,000 80,000 78,000 60,000 D 80,000

Biological/life scientist 60,000 60,000 63,000 66,000 60,000 50,000 D 58,000

29 and younger 32,000 32,000 28,000 45,000 30,000 D D D 30–39 55,000 55,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 D D 70,000 40–49 72,000 72,000 78,000 83,000 65,000 D D 62,000 50–75 79,000 77,000 80,000 80,000 93,000 D D 85,000

Computer and information scientist 85,000 85,000 89,000 77,000 75,000 84,000 80,000 73,000

29 and younger 60,000 59,000 70,000 52,000 53,000 D D 53,000 30–39 83,000 82,000 89,000 74,000 80,000 D D 74,000 40–49 93,000 93,000 97,000 81,000 88,000 D D 82,000 50–75 89,000 89,000 95,000 83,000 75,000 D D 80,000

Mathematical scientist 75,000 78,000 75,000 74,000 62,000 D D 60,000

29 and younger 53,000 48,000 62,000 D 60,000 D D D 30–39 70,000 64,000 79,000 77,000 75,000 D D D 40–49 88,000 90,000 90,000 82,000 44,000 D D D 50–75 82,000 90,000 70,000 55,000 80,000 D D D

Physical scientist 70,000 71,000 72,000 53,000 60,000 67,000 D 52,000

29 and younger 40,000 40,000 34,000 31,000 33,000 D D 38,000 30–39 64,000 65,000 62,000 53,000 60,000 D D 41,000 40–49 80,000 80,000 82,000 64,000 63,000 D D D 50–75 88,000 90,000 81,000 70,000 80,000 D D D

Psychologist 62,000 65,000 55,000 62,000 58,000 D D 49,000

29 and younger 37,000 37,000 D D D D D D 30–39 57,000 56,000 57,000 61,000 57,000 D D D 40–49 70,000 70,000 80,000 74,000 63,000 D D D 50–75 75,000 77,000 69,000 62,000 60,000 D D D

Social scientist 73,000 78,000 75,000 65,000 62,000 70,000 D 60,000

29 and younger 46,000 45,000 60,000 D 51,000 D D D 30–39 74,000 79,000 72,000 65,000 68,000 D D 76,000 40–49 85,000 90,000 88,000 73,000 60,000 D D D 50–75 90,000 94,000 75,000 71,000 83,000 D D D

Engineer 87,000 90,000 86,000 83,000 80,000 85,000 85,000 80,000

29 and younger 62,000 61,000 68,000 62,000 59,000 D D 67,000 30–39 82,000 82,000 85,000 83,000 77,000 D D 86,000 40–49 96,000 96,000 97,000 90,000 87,000 D D 107,000

TABLE 9-17. Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by sex, broad occupation, age, and race/ethnicity: 2008(Dollars)





Native


Multiplerace


50–75 100,000 100,000 100,000 84,000 90,000 D D 93,000

S&E-related occupations 72,000 72,000 83,000 64,000 69,000 56,000 67,000 64,000 29 and younger 48,000 48,000 53,000 45,000 46,000 49,000 D 40,000 30–39 67,000 65,000 88,000 64,000 62,000 D 67,000 62,000 40–49 80,000 80,000 92,000 70,000 80,000 D D 70,000 50–75 82,000 84,000 90,000 66,000 75,000 56,000 D 80,000


29 and younger 42,000 41,000 50,000 38,000 41,000 47,000 45,000 41,000 30–39 62,000 64,000 68,000 52,000 57,000 45,000 75,000 60,000 40–49 77,000 82,000 77,000 60,000 64,000 45,000 D 70,000 50–75 70,000 72,000 60,000 63,000 63,000 63,000 D 53,000

Female 60,000 60,000 70,000 58,000 54,000 50,000 55,000 52,000

All occupations 60,000 60,000 70,000 58,000 54,000 50,000 55,000 52,000

29 and younger 44,000 43,000 51,000 40,000 43,000 47,000 45,000 42,000 30–39 59,000 57,000 73,000 55,000 55,000 52,000 54,000 55,000 40–49 68,000 68,000 77,000 60,000 60,000 53,000 D 65,000 50–75 63,000 63,000 70,000 64,000 63,000 50,000 D 55,000

S&E occupations 70,000 70,000 75,000 74,000 62,000 64,000 65,000 65,000

29 and younger 50,000 47,000 60,000 52,000 52,000 D D 42,000 30–39 70,000 68,000 75,000 72,000 62,000 63,000 D 70,000 40–49 80,000 80,000 84,000 80,000 77,000 75,000 D 90,000 50–75 78,000 78,000 80,000 85,000 69,000 D D 85,000

Scientist 70,000 68,000 74,000 74,000 60,000 63,000 60,000 55,000

29 and younger 45,000 43,000 58,000 50,000 47,000 D D 38,000 30–39 66,000 63,000 72,000 72,000 56,000 D D 62,000 40–49 80,000 80,000 84,000 80,000 76,000 67,000 D 75,000 50–75 75,000 75,000 80,000 84,000 69,000 D D 80,000

Biological/life scientist 54,000 52,000 59,000 75,000 56,000 D D 62,000

29 and younger 35,000 35,000 31,000 51,000 38,000 D D D 30–39 55,000 52,000 62,000 75,000 50,000 D D 100,000 40–49 70,000 65,000 75,000 83,000 74,000 D D D 50–75 69,000 68,000 64,000 87,000 93,000 D D D

Computer and information scientist 79,000 78,000 83,000 77,000 69,000 D D 62,000

29 and younger 60,000 58,000 68,000 53,000 60,000 D D D 30–39 75,000 74,000 80,000 73,000 45,000 D D D 40–49 85,000 83,000 90,000 80,000 101,000 D D D 50–75 80,000 80,000 91,000 90,000 69,000 D D D

Mathematical scientist 70,000 67,000 70,000 74,000 75,000 D D D

29 and younger 55,000 52,000 57,000 D D D D D 30–39 68,000 59,000 71,000 85,000 D D D D 40–49 84,000 88,000 80,000 D D D D D 50–75 70,000 70,000 70,000 D D D D D

Physical scientist 60,000 60,000 60,000 64,000 57,000 D D 38,000

29 and younger 38,000 41,000 25,000 31,000 33,000 D D D 30–39 59,000 60,000 56,000 77,000 60,000 D D D 40–49 70,000 70,000 80,000 D D D D D 50–75 74,000 71,000 80,000 D D D D D

Psychologist 60,000 60,000 48,000 67,000 60,000 D D 50,000

29 and younger 38,000 40,000 D D D D D D 30–39 58,000 57,000 51,000 64,000 57,000 D D D





Native


Multiplerace


40–49 70,000 71,000 62,000 72,000 70,000 D D D 50–75 73,000 75,000 D 80,000 60,000 D D D

Social scientist 68,000 70,000 70,000 60,000 62,000 D D 41,000


Engineer 77,000 77,000 79,000 74,000 66,000 D D 74,000

29 and younger 61,000 60,000 65,000 59,000 58,000 D D 60,000 30–39 78,000 75,000 82,000 75,000 70,000 D D 72,000 40–49 90,000 93,000 85,000 82,000 83,000 D D D 50–75 97,000 96,000 108,000 D D D D D




29 and younger 40,000 40,000 48,000 37,000 40,000 D D 43,000 30–39 52,000 52,000 60,000 49,000 53,000 D D 51,000 40–49 60,000 60,000 69,000 52,000 50,000 D D 69,000 50–75 56,000 56,000 44,000 64,000 56,000 50,000 D 50,000

Male 84,000 85,000 85,000 70,000 75,000 75,000 74,000 70,000

All occupations 84,000 85,000 85,000 70,000 75,000 75,000 74,000 70,000

29 and younger 53,000 51,000 64,000 48,000 49,000 66,000 61,000 47,000 30–39 79,000 78,000 86,000 70,000 74,000 70,000 75,000 72,000 40–49 95,000 97,000 100,000 80,000 83,000 89,000 78,000 82,000 50–75 91,000 94,000 90,000 72,000 86,000 75,000 72,000 82,000

S&E occupations 85,000 86,000 89,000 77,000 75,000 70,000 81,000 74,000

29 and younger 60,000 57,000 69,000 53,000 53,000 D 64,000 59,000 30–39 82,000 80,000 90,000 75,000 78,000 84,000 85,000 84,000 40–49 95,000 95,000 99,000 85,000 82,000 65,000 82,000 95,000 50–75 95,000 95,000 97,000 81,000 90,000 60,000 100,000 80,000

Scientist 83,000 83,000 89,000 72,000 73,000 66,000 80,000 70,000

29 and younger 55,000 50,000 69,000 50,000 50,000 D D 52,000 30–39 80,000 78,000 90,000 70,000 80,000 D 80,000 73,000 40–49 92,000 93,000 100,000 80,000 75,000 D 80,000 78,000 50–75 90,000 90,000 90,000 80,000 82,000 D D 80,000

Biological/life scientist 65,000 66,000 70,000 62,000 64,000 D D 54,000

29 and younger 30,000 32,000 25,000 D 25,000 D D D 30–39 56,000 55,000 60,000 60,000 66,000 D D D 40–49 73,000 75,000 83,000 66,000 65,000 D D D 50–75 82,000 80,000 93,000 70,000 130,000 D D D

Computer and information scientist 86,000 87,000 90,000 77,000 76,000 D 80,000 76,000


Mathematical scientist 80,000 84,000 81,000 82,000 60,000 D D D

29 and younger 49,000 37,000 70,000 D D D D D





Native


Multiplerace


30–39 74,000 67,000 84,000 D 62,000 D D D 40–49 90,000 90,000 96,000 D D D D D 50–75 91,000 98,000 76,000 65,000 D D D D

Physical scientist 76,000 79,000 80,000 50,000 65,000 D D 52,000

29 and younger 40,000 40,000 52,000 D 33,000 D D D 30–39 67,000 70,000 66,000 40,000 65,000 D D 41,000 40–49 85,000 86,000 95,000 69,000 68,000 D D D 50–75 90,000 92,000 86,000 65,000 81,000 D D D

Psychologist 69,000 70,000 80,000 56,000 58,000 D D D

29 and younger 33,000 D D D D D D D 30–39 55,000 53,000 D D D D D D 40–49 70,000 70,000 D 76,000 58,000 D D D 50–75 80,000 80,000 D 56,000 52,000 D D D

Social scientist 83,000 84,000 92,000 65,000 64,000 D D 65,000


Engineer 90,000 90,000 90,000 83,000 80,000 75,000 85,000 85,000



29 and younger 48,000 47,000 56,000 47,000 47,000 D D D 30–39 80,000 80,000 93,000 70,000 75,000 D D 74,000 40–49 100,000 100,000 110,000 100,000 94,000 D D 70,000 50–75 100,000 102,000 100,000 75,000 100,000 D D 102,000


29 and younger 47,000 45,000 60,000 40,000 43,000 D D 35,000 30–39 72,000 72,000 75,000 64,000 65,000 D D 62,000 40–49 92,000 97,000 87,000 74,000 80,000 D D 87,000 50–75 82,000 85,000 63,000 60,000 80,000 75,000 D 75,000




NOTES: Salaries rounded to nearest $1,000. Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.


Occupation and age (years) Total Without disability With disability

All occupations 72,000 73,000 70,000

29 and younger 48,000 48,000 42,00030–39 70,000 70,000 56,00040–49 84,000 85,000 75,00050–75 80,000 80,000 70,000

S&E occupations 81,000 81,000 80,000

29 and younger 56,000 56,000 55,00030–39 80,000 80,000 71,00040–49 91,000 92,000 85,00050–75 90,000 91,000 86,000

Scientist 80,000 80,000 75,000

29 and younger 51,000 50,000 55,00030–39 75,000 75,000 70,00040–49 88,000 89,000 79,00050–75 86,000 86,000 83,000

Biological/life scientist 60,000 60,000 62,000

29 and younger 32,000 32,000 D 30–39 55,000 56,000 50,00040–49 72,000 75,000 47,00050–75 79,000 80,000 75,000

Computer and information scientist 85,000 85,000 82,000

29 and younger 60,000 60,000 60,00030–39 83,000 83,000 80,00040–49 93,000 93,000 90,00050–75 89,000 90,000 85,000

Mathematical scientist 75,000 75,000 90,000

29 and younger 53,000 53,000 D 30–39 70,000 70,000 65,00040–49 88,000 88,000 90,00050–75 82,000 80,000 111,000

Physical scientist 70,000 70,000 80,000

29 and younger 40,000 40,000 43,00030–39 64,000 64,000 52,00040–49 80,000 80,000 84,00050–75 88,000 88,000 83,000

Psychologist 62,000 62,000 72,000

29 and younger 37,000 37,000 D 30–39 57,000 57,000 D 40–49 70,000 70,000 72,00050–75 75,000 75,000 75,000

Social scientist 73,000 73,000 75,000

29 and younger 46,000 46,000 D 30–39 74,000 76,000 50,00040–49 85,000 85,000 75,00050–75 90,000 91,000 85,000

Engineer 87,000 87,000 87,000

29 and younger 62,000 62,000 56,00030–39 82,000 82,000 75,00040–49 96,000 96,000 90,00050–75 100,000 100,000 93,000

S&E-related occupations 72,000 72,000 71,000

29 and younger 48,000 48,000 43,000

TABLE 9-18. Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by broad occupation, age, and disability status: 2008(Dollars)


Occupation and age (years) Total Without disability With disability

TABLE 9-18. Median annual salary of scientists and engineers employed full time, by broad occupation, age, and disability status: 2008(Dollars)

30–39 67,000 68,000 60,00040–49 80,000 80,000 70,00050–75 82,000 83,000 75,000

Non-S&E occupations 65,000 65,000 60,000

29 and younger 42,000 42,000 40,00030–39 62,000 63,000 52,00040–49 77,000 79,000 70,00050–75 70,000 72,000 60,000

NOTES: Salaries rounded to nearest $1,000. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003.





Sector and occupation Total Female Male White Asian Black Hispanic

All sectors 19,244,000 8,561,000 10,683,000 14,555,000 2,038,000 1,107,000 1,074,000 77,000 79,000 314,000 17,876,000 1,369,000

S&E occupations 4,874,000 1,308,000 3,566,000 3,502,000 824,000 191,000 239,000 17,000 20,000 81,000 4,557,000 318,000Scientist 3,292,000 1,103,000 2,189,000 2,341,000 578,000 142,000 151,000 13,000 12,000 55,000 3,080,000 212,000

Biological/life scientist 498,000 224,000 274,000 364,000 80,000 14,000 28,000 4,000 * 8,000 465,000 33,000Computer and information scientist 1,800,000 446,000 1,354,000 1,202,000 393,000 87,000 76,000 4,000 8,000 30,000 1,682,000 118,000Mathematical scientist 170,000 72,000 98,000 121,000 30,000 10,000 7,000 D D 1,000 160,000 10,000Physical scientist 322,000 96,000 226,000 247,000 43,000 9,000 14,000 1,000 1,000 6,000 300,000 22,000Psychologist 218,000 141,000 77,000 181,000 8,000 10,000 13,000 1,000 1,000 4,000 203,000 15,000Social scientist 284,000 124,000 160,000 225,000 24,000 13,000 13,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 270,000 14,000

Engineer 1,582,000 204,000 1,378,000 1,161,000 247,000 49,000 88,000 4,000 9,000 26,000 1,476,000 106,000

S&E-related occupations 5,542,000 3,165,000 2,377,000 4,246,000 560,000 312,000 289,000 22,000 23,000 91,000 5,195,000 348,000Non-S&E occupations 8,828,000 4,088,000 4,740,000 6,807,000 654,000 604,000 546,000 38,000 36,000 143,000 8,125,000 703,000

Business or industry 10,204,000 3,587,000 6,617,000 7,639,000 1,311,000 470,000 542,000 36,000 44,000 161,000 9,561,000 643,000

S&E occupations 3,080,000 646,000 2,434,000 2,165,000 599,000 106,000 140,000 10,000 14,000 48,000 2,894,000 186,000Scientist 1,843,000 497,000 1,346,000 1,248,000 406,000 71,000 75,000 7,000 7,000 29,000 1,738,000 105,000

Biological/life scientist 143,000 66,000 77,000 100,000 27,000 5,000 9,000 D * 2,000 137,000 6,000Computer and information scientist 1,378,000 310,000 1,068,000 908,000 331,000 56,000 52,000 4,000 5,000 21,000 1,297,000 80,000Mathematical scientist 56,000 23,000 33,000 36,000 14,000 3,000 2,000 D D * 54,000 2,000Physical scientist 151,000 46,000 105,000 113,000 23,000 4,000 7,000 1,000 D 3,000 140,000 11,000Psychologist 29,000 17,000 12,000 25,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 D D * 27,000 2,000Social scientist 86,000 36,000 50,000 67,000 10,000 3,000 3,000 D D 2,000 82,000 4,000

Engineer 1,237,000 149,000 1,088,000 917,000 193,000 34,000 64,000 3,000 7,000 20,000 1,156,000 81,000S&E-related occupations 2,494,000 1,214,000 1,281,000 1,854,000 310,000 128,000 143,000 12,000 12,000 36,000 2,358,000 136,000Non-S&E occupations 4,630,000 1,727,000 2,902,000 3,620,000 403,000 237,000 260,000 15,000 18,000 77,000 4,309,000 321,000

Federal government 870,000 305,000 565,000 636,000 75,000 81,000 47,000 5,000 6,000 20,000 800,000 70,000

S&E occupations 297,000 87,000 210,000 223,000 31,000 18,000 16,000 1,000 2,000 6,000 273,000 24,000Scientist 191,000 69,000 122,000 144,000 18,000 14,000 11,000 1,000 1,000 3,000 174,000 18,000

Biological/life scientist 56,000 21,000 34,000 43,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 * D 2,000 52,000 4,000Computer and information scientist 59,000 17,000 42,000 39,000 9,000 5,000 5,000 D D 1,000 51,000 9,000Mathematical scientist 18,000 8,000 10,000 14,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D 17,000 2,000Physical scientist 27,000 6,000 22,000 23,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D * 25,000 3,000Psychologist 10,000 8,000 2,000 8,000 * * 1,000 D D D 9,000 1,000Social scientist 21,000 9,000 12,000 17,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 20,000 1,000

Engineer 106,000 18,000 88,000 79,000 12,000 4,000 6,000 D D 3,000 100,000 6,000S&E-related occupations 189,000 90,000 99,000 141,000 15,000 15,000 11,000 D D 6,000 174,000 15,000Non-S&E occupations 384,000 128,000 257,000 273,000 29,000 49,000 19,000 3,000 4,000 8,000 353,000 32,000

Nonprofit 2,001,000 1,383,000 618,000 1,576,000 162,000 120,000 95,000 7,000 9,000 32,000 1,858,000 143,000

S&E occupations 216,000 93,000 123,000 157,000 31,000 13,000 10,000 D 1,000 3,000 208,000 8,000

TABLE 9-19. Employed scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008Race/ethnicity

Multiple race

SexDisability status

Native Hawaiian/

Other Pacific Islander


Without disability

With disability

198w

ww


pd/



Multiple race


Native Hawaiian/



Without disability

With disability

Scientist 192,000 89,000 104,000 140,000 27,000 12,000 9,000 D 1,000 3,000 185,000 8,000Biological/life scientist 34,000 18,000 17,000 25,000 6,000 1,000 2,000 D D 1,000 32,000 2,000Computer and information scientist 97,000 36,000 61,000 67,000 15,000 9,000 3,000 D D 2,000 94,000 3,000Mathematical scientist 8,000 5,000 3,000 6,000 2,000 D D D D D 8,000 DPhysical scientist 12,000 6,000 6,000 8,000 4,000 * * D D D 11,000 1,000Psychologist 19,000 13,000 6,000 15,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 D D * 18,000 1,000Social scientist 23,000 11,000 12,000 20,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 D D D 22,000 1,000

Engineer 24,000 4,000 19,000 17,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 D D D 23,000 1,000S&E-related occupations 1,022,000 778,000 244,000 818,000 89,000 51,000 35,000 3,000 6,000 18,000 951,000 70,000Non-S&E occupations 763,000 511,000 252,000 601,000 41,000 56,000 50,000 3,000 2,000 10,000 699,000 64,000

Self-employed 1,229,000 494,000 735,000 1,019,000 99,000 30,000 62,000 6,000 1,000 12,000 1,101,000 128,000

S&E occupations 160,000 58,000 102,000 134,000 10,000 4,000 9,000 D D 2,000 143,000 17,000Scientist 122,000 54,000 68,000 105,000 8,000 3,000 5,000 D D 2,000 109,000 13,000

Biological/life scientist 8,000 3,000 6,000 7,000 1,000 D * D D D 7,000 1,000Computer and information scientist 46,000 14,000 32,000 37,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 D D D 40,000 6,000Mathematical scientist 2,000 D 2,000 2,000 D D D D D D 2,000 DPhysical scientist 10,000 2,000 8,000 9,000 1,000 D D D D D 10,000 *Psychologist 42,000 30,000 12,000 39,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D 1,000 37,000 5,000Social scientist 14,000 6,000 8,000 11,000 1,000 D * D D D 13,000 D

Engineer 37,000 3,000 34,000 30,000 2,000 * 4,000 D D D 34,000 4,000S&E-related occupations 340,000 144,000 196,000 274,000 35,000 7,000 20,000 1,000 D 3,000 312,000 28,000Non-S&E occupations 729,000 292,000 437,000 610,000 54,000 20,000 34,000 4,000 D 7,000 646,000 84,000

State/local government 1,481,000 708,000 773,000 1,050,000 114,000 160,000 107,000 11,000 8,000 31,000 1,343,000 138,000

S&E occupations 324,000 99,000 225,000 235,000 39,000 18,000 23,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 298,000 26,000Scientist 224,000 84,000 140,000 169,000 22,000 12,000 15,000 2,000 D 3,000 208,000 16,000

Biological/life scientist 56,000 23,000 32,000 46,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 D D * 52,000 4,000Computer and information scientist 82,000 26,000 56,000 52,000 14,000 7,000 6,000 D D D 76,000 6,000Mathematical scientist 11,000 5,000 6,000 8,000 2,000 D D D D D 10,000 DPhysical scientist 34,000 12,000 22,000 28,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 D D 1,000 31,000 2,000Psychologist 12,000 6,000 5,000 9,000 * 1,000 1,000 D D D 10,000 2,000Social scientist 30,000 12,000 18,000 27,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 D D D 29,000 2,000

Engineer 100,000 15,000 85,000 66,000 17,000 6,000 9,000 * 1,000 1,000 90,000 10,000S&E-related occupations 333,000 201,000 132,000 232,000 30,000 31,000 26,000 2,000 1,000 10,000 306,000 27,000Non-S&E occupations 824,000 408,000 416,000 583,000 45,000 111,000 57,000 6,000 5,000 17,000 740,000 84,000

Universities and 4-year colleges 1,443,000 719,000 725,000 1,054,000 200,000 78,000 71,000 6,000 3,000 32,000 1,348,000 96,000

S&E occupations 647,000 240,000 407,000 468,000 106,000 24,000 32,000 3,000 1,000 14,000 601,000 47,000Scientist 574,000 227,000 347,000 420,000 88,000 22,000 28,000 3,000 1,000 12,000 531,000 43,000

Biological/life scientist 187,000 85,000 102,000 132,000 36,000 3,000 12,000 1,000 * 3,000 172,000 15,000Computer and information scientist 105,000 24,000 81,000 74,000 18,000 6,000 5,000 D D 2,000 93,000 12,000

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013199



Multiple race


Native Hawaiian/



Without disability

With disability

Mathematical scientist 54,000 20,000 34,000 40,000 9,000 2,000 2,000 D D * 50,000 3,000Physical scientist 80,000 23,000 57,000 60,000 12,000 2,000 3,000 * * 3,000 76,000 4,000Psychologist 52,000 29,000 23,000 42,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 * D 1,000 49,000 3,000Social scientist 96,000 45,000 51,000 73,000 10,000 6,000 4,000 * * 3,000 90,000 6,000

Engineer 74,000 14,000 60,000 48,000 18,000 2,000 3,000 D D 2,000 70,000 3,000S&E-related occupations 394,000 254,000 141,000 287,000 57,000 24,000 14,000 1,000 2,000 10,000 376,000 18,000Non-S&E occupations 401,000 225,000 177,000 299,000 37,000 29,000 25,000 2,000 * 8,000 371,000 31,000

Other educational institutions 2,016,000 1,366,000 650,000 1,581,000 77,000 168,000 150,000 7,000 8,000 26,000 1,864,000 151,000

S&E occupations 150,000 85,000 65,000 119,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 D 1,000 3,000 139,000 11,000Scientist 146,000 85,000 61,000 115,000 8,000 8,000 9,000 D 1,000 3,000 135,000 10,000

Biological/life scientist 14,000 8,000 6,000 12,000 * 1,000 * D D D 13,000 1,000Computer and information scientist 34,000 20,000 15,000 26,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 D D D 30,000 4,000Mathematical scientist 20,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 D D D 19,000 2,000Physical scientist 8,000 2,000 6,000 7,000 1,000 * * D D D 7,000 1,000Psychologist 55,000 39,000 16,000 44,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 D D 1,000 52,000 2,000Social scientist 14,000 6,000 9,000 11,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D D 14,000 *

Engineer 5,000 1,000 4,000 4,000 D D D D D D 4,000 DS&E-related occupations 769,000 484,000 285,000 641,000 23,000 56,000 39,000 1,000 1,000 8,000 717,000 53,000Non-S&E occupations 1,096,000 796,000 300,000 821,000 45,000 103,000 101,000 4,000 6,000 16,000 1,008,000 88,000




NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

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Sex, race/ethnicity, and disability statusAll educational

institutions

Preschool, elementary, middle,

or secondary school

2-year college, junior college, or technical

institute 4-year college

or university Medical

school

University research institute Other

Total 3,459,000 1,823,000 189,000 844,000 408,000 192,000 4,000Female 2,084,000 1,254,000 109,000 389,000 235,000 95,000 2,000Male 1,375,000 569,000 80,000 455,000 173,000 97,000 1,000

White 2,635,000 1,432,000 147,000 631,000 282,000 141,000 2,000Asian 277,000 67,000 9,000 96,000 74,000 30,000 1,000Black 245,000 149,000 18,000 46,000 26,000 6,000 *Hispanic 220,000 141,000 8,000 46,000 15,000 9,000 DAmerican Indian/Alaska Native 12,000 5,000 D 4,000 1,000 1,000 DNative Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 11,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 DMultiple race 58,000 23,000 3,000 20,000 9,000 3,000 D

Without disability 3,212,000 1,688,000 173,000 782,000 385,000 180,000 3,000With disability 247,000 135,000 16,000 62,000 22,000 11,000 *



TABLE 9-20. Scientists and engineers employed in schools and academic institutions, by institution type, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

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ersons with D


ngineering: 2013201

Sex, race/ethnicity, and disability

status

All academic

institutions

Very high research

activity

High research

activity Doctoral/research

Master's-granting

college/university

Baccalaureate

college

Medical school,

medical center

School of

engineering Other Missing data

Total 268,000 119,900 39,500 10,200 48,000 22,600 14,100 300 3,800 9,600

Female 91,700 39,700 11,900 4,000 16,800 8,000 5,800 D 1,600 3,900

Male 176,300 80,200 27,700 6,200 31,100 14,700 8,300 200 2,200 5,700

White 199,200 87,500 29,700 7,800 36,800 19,000 9,600 300 2,300 6,200

Asian 43,600 22,800 6,400 1,300 5,600 1,400 3,000 D 1,000 2,200

Black 10,000 3,200 1,300 600 2,500 1,100 400 D 300 600

Hispanica 10,900 4,500 1,600 400 2,100 800 800 D 100 500

American Indian or Alaska Native 600 200 100 D 200 D D D D D

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 300 100 D D D D D D D D

Multiple race 3,400 1,600 400 D 700 200 200 D 100 D

Without disability 246,400 111,600 36,300 9,100 43,500 21,000 12,900 300 3,400 8,400

With disability 21,500 8,300 3,200 1,000 4,500 1,700 1,200 D 400 1,200

Doctorate-granting research university

TABLE 9-21. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed full time in universities and 4-year colleges, by 2005 Carnegie classification of academic institution, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability

status: 2010


a Hispanic may be any race.

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.

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Academic position Total Female Male White Asian Black Hispanica Multiple race Without disability With disability

All academic positions 289,400 101,400 187,900 216,400 45,800 10,900 11,600 700 300 3,700 265,400 24,000

President, provost, chancellor 3,500 1,000 2,500 2,900 100 200 200 D D D 3,300 200

Dean, department head, chair 31,500 9,600 21,900 26,200 2,400 1,500 1,000 D D 300 29,000 2,500

Research faculty 129,400 43,200 86,200 95,300 22,300 3,900 5,600 300 200 1,800 119,400 10,000

Teaching faculty 189,300 61,700 127,600 147,000 24,400 7,200 7,600 500 200 2,400 172,500 16,700

Adjunct faculty 17,300 7,600 9,700 13,900 1,800 700 600 D D 300 15,700 1,700

Postdoc 23,100 9,100 14,000 12,700 8,400 700 1,000 D * 300 22,000 1,100

Research assistant 1,900 900 1,000 1,300 400 100 100 D D D 1,600 300

Teaching assistant 600 300 300 400 200 D D D D D 500 100

Other 20,500 10,100 10,400 15,700 2,600 1,100 700 100 D 300 18,800 1,600

TABLE 9-22. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by type of academic position, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

Disability statusAmerican Indian

or Alaska Native

Native Hawaiian

or Other Pacific

Islander

Race/ethnicity

Sex

* = value < 50; D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.

a Hispanic may be any race.

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression and because respondents could answer "yes" to more than one category of academic position. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013203

Occupation, sex, and years since doctorate Total ProfessorAssociate professor

Assistant professor Other faculty

Rank not applicable

All occupations 289,400 97,800 61,900 58,300 14,800 56,500

Female 101,400 21,400 23,500 25,900 6,800 23,800Less than 10 45,800 700 5,600 19,800 3,500 16,20010–19 31,000 6,500 12,400 5,100 2,200 4,70020–29 17,000 9,300 4,300 800 700 1,90030 or more 7,700 4,900 1,200 200 500 900

Male 187,900 76,400 38,400 32,300 8,000 32,800

Less than 10 54,000 700 6,600 23,800 2,700 20,20010–19 48,800 14,300 19,600 6,800 2,200 6,00020–29 41,400 28,400 7,600 1,000 1,100 3,30030 or more 43,700 33,000 4,700 700 2,000 3,300

S&E occupations 225,000 74,800 48,100 46,500 11,800 43,800

Female 72,600 14,500 16,300 18,900 5,200 17,700Less than 10 34,300 300 3,900 14,400 2,500 13,20010–19 21,400 4,400 8,600 3,700 1,900 2,90020–29 11,400 6,300 3,000 600 500 1,00030 or more 5,400 3,500 900 D 400 500

Male 152,400 60,400 31,800 27,600 6,600 26,100

Less than 10 46,400 500 5,400 20,500 2,300 17,80010–19 40,100 11,800 16,600 5,800 1,800 4,10020–29 32,300 22,400 6,000 800 900 2,30030 or more 33,600 25,700 3,800 600 1,600 1,900

Scientist 198,200 64,500 42,600 41,300 10,900 38,800

Female 68,400 13,700 15,400 17,500 5,100 16,700Less than 10 31,800 200 3,600 13,200 2,400 12,40010–19 20,200 4,100 8,100 3,600 1,800 2,80020–29 11,000 6,000 2,900 600 500 1,00030 or more 5,300 3,400 900 D 400 500

Male 129,800 50,800 27,200 23,800 5,800 22,200

Less than 10 39,300 500 4,300 17,300 2,100 15,20010–19 34,400 9,600 14,400 5,300 1,600 3,60020–29 27,300 18,700 5,100 700 800 2,00030 or more 28,800 22,000 3,400 500 1,400 1,500

Biological/life scientist 68,900 19,200 12,100 13,600 2,900 21,100

Female 25,600 4,400 3,700 5,900 1,500 10,100Less than 10 12,700 D 400 3,600 700 8,00010–19 7,100 1,100 2,300 1,900 600 1,30020–29 3,600 2,000 700 400 S 50030 or more 2,200 1,300 300 D 200 300

Male 43,300 14,800 8,300 7,800 1,300 11,100

Less than 10 14,600 100 700 4,400 500 8,80010–19 11,900 2,600 4,900 2,800 300 1,20020–29 8,900 5,800 1,900 300 200 70030 or more 8,000 6,300 900 200 300 400

Computer and information scientist 9,900 3,300 2,400 1,600 500 2,100

Female 1,700 400 400 400 100 400Less than 10 900 D 200 400 D 20010–19 500 200 200 D D D20–29 200 100 D D D D30 or more 100 D D D D D

Male 8,300 2,900 2,000 1,200 400 1,700

Less than 10 2,400 D 700 1,000 100 50010–19 2,700 900 800 D 100 70020–29 1,600 1,100 200 D D 300

TABLE 9-23. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, years since doctorate, and faculty rank: 2010




Rank not applicable


30 or more 1,500 900 400 D D 100

Mathematical scientist 17,800 6,500 4,000 4,100 900 2,200Female 4,600 1,100 1,100 1,300 400 700

Less than 10 2,100 D 400 1,200 S 50010–19 1,400 400 600 100 200 10020–29 700 400 100 D D D30 or more 400 300 D D D D

Male 13,200 5,500 2,900 2,800 600 1,500

Less than 10 3,800 D 400 2,300 100 1,00010–19 3,200 1,000 1,300 400 300 20020–29 2,900 2,100 600 D D 20030 or more 3,300 2,300 600 D D 200

Physical scientist 37,300 12,700 7,300 7,100 2,900 7,400

Female 8,100 1,700 1,800 2,100 900 1,600Less than 10 3,900 D 400 1,900 400 1,20010–19 2,500 600 1,000 300 300 30020–29 1,400 800 400 D D D30 or more 400 200 D D D D

Male 29,100 11,100 5,400 4,900 1,900 5,800

Less than 10 8,500 D 600 3,500 500 3,80010–19 7,800 1,900 3,300 1,300 400 90020–29 6,300 4,300 1,000 D 400 60030 or more 6,600 4,800 600 D 600 600

Psychologist 22,900 7,300 5,800 5,000 1,400 3,500

Female 12,700 2,700 3,200 3,300 1,000 2,500Less than 10 5,200 D 800 2,400 500 1,50010–19 4,300 900 1,600 800 300 70020–29 2,100 1,000 600 D 100 20030 or more 1,100 800 200 D D D

Male 10,200 4,500 2,600 1,700 400 1,000

Less than 10 2,700 D 500 1,400 200 60010–19 2,600 700 1,300 200 D 20020–29 2,000 1,200 600 D D 10030 or more 3,000 2,600 200 D D D

Social scientist 41,400 15,500 11,100 9,800 2,300 2,600

Female 15,700 3,500 5,100 4,500 1,200 1,400Less than 10 7,100 D 1,500 3,900 700 1,00010–19 4,400 900 2,300 500 300 30020–29 3,100 1,800 1,000 D 200 D30 or more 1,200 800 300 D D D

Male 25,700 12,000 6,000 5,300 1,200 1,200

Less than 10 7,300 100 1,500 4,600 600 60010–19 6,300 2,400 2,800 500 300 30020–29 5,600 4,300 1,000 200 D D30 or more 6,400 5,200 700 D S 200

Engineer 26,800 10,400 5,500 5,200 800 4,900

Female 4,200 800 900 1,300 100 1,000Less than 10 2,500 D 300 1,200 D 90010–19 1,200 300 500 100 D 10020–29 500 400 100 D D D30 or more D D D D D D

Male 22,600 9,600 4,600 3,800 700 3,900

Less than 10 7,100 D 1,000 3,200 200 2,60010–19 5,700 2,200 2,200 400 300 500




Rank not applicable


20–29 5,100 3,700 900 D D 30030 or more 4,800 3,700 400 D 200 400

S&E-related occupations 27,000 7,400 6,800 7,100 1,000 4,800

Female 13,500 2,700 3,800 4,400 600 2,000Less than 10 6,200 300 900 3,300 400 1,30010–19 4,600 1,000 2,100 900 100 50020–29 2,000 1,000 600 200 D 20030 or more 700 500 100 D D D

Male 13,500 4,600 3,000 2,700 400 2,800

Less than 10 4,000 D 400 1,700 200 1,70010–19 3,700 700 1,500 800 D 60020–29 2,600 1,500 700 D D 30030 or more 3,200 2,400 400 D D 200

Non-S&E occupations 37,300 15,600 7,100 4,700 2,000 8,000

Female 15,300 4,200 3,400 2,600 1,000 4,100Less than 10 5,200 200 800 2,000 500 1,70010–19 4,900 1,200 1,700 500 200 1,30020–29 3,500 1,900 800 D 100 70030 or more 1,700 900 200 D D 400

Male 22,000 11,400 3,700 2,000 1,100 3,900

Less than 10 3,600 100 800 1,500 300 80010–19 5,100 1,800 1,500 300 300 1,30020–29 6,500 4,600 900 200 200 70030 or more 6,900 4,900 500 D 300 1,100

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = scientists and engineers. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation, sex, and years since doctorate Total Tenured On tenure track Not on tenure track

All occupations 289,400 137,100 47,100 31,000 74,100

Female 101,400 36,600 19,800 13,800 31,200Less than 10 45,800 5,100 15,500 6,400 18,80010–19 31,000 15,300 3,400 4,500 7,80020–29 17,000 11,100 900 1,900 3,00030 or more 7,700 5,100 D 900 1,700

Male 187,900 100,600 27,300 17,200 42,900

Less than 10 54,000 5,600 20,100 6,500 21,80010–19 48,800 29,600 6,000 5,200 8,10020–29 41,400 32,200 900 2,600 5,80030 or more 43,700 33,200 300 2,900 7,300

S&E occupations 225,000 109,000 37,500 22,400 56,100


Male 152,400 82,300 23,200 13,300 33,600

Less than 10 46,400 4,600 17,300 5,400 19,10010–19 40,100 25,300 5,000 4,100 5,70020–29 32,300 26,000 600 1,800 3,90030 or more 33,600 26,300 200 2,000 5,000

Scientist 198,200 94,800 32,700 20,300 50,300


Male 129,800 69,500 19,600 11,700 29,000

Less than 10 39,300 3,800 14,400 4,700 16,40010–19 34,400 21,300 4,500 3,700 4,90020–29 27,300 21,700 500 1,600 3,50030 or more 28,800 22,700 200 1,800 4,100

Biological/life scientist 68,900 25,800 10,200 8,500 24,300

Female 25,600 6,500 3,800 4,000 11,200Less than 10 12,700 400 2,400 1,700 8,20010–19 7,100 2,600 1,100 1,500 1,90020–29 3,600 2,200 300 600 60030 or more 2,200 1,400 D 300 500

Male 43,300 19,300 6,400 4,500 13,100

Less than 10 14,600 600 3,500 1,500 8,90010–19 11,900 5,900 2,600 1,500 1,90020–29 8,900 6,700 D 900 1,20030 or more 8,000 6,200 100 600 1,100

Computer and information scientist 9,900 5,400 1,500 800 2,300

Female 1,700 800 400 200 400Less than 10 900 200 300 100 20010–19 500 400 D D D20–29 200 100 D D D30 or more 100 D D D D

TABLE 9-24. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, years since doctorate, and tenure status: 2010

Not tenured Tenure not applicable





Male 8,300 4,600 1,100 600 1,900Less than 10 2,400 600 1,000 200 60010–19 2,700 1,600 100 200 80020–29 1,600 1,200 D D 30030 or more 1,500 1,200 D D 200

Mathematical scientist 17,800 10,100 3,100 1,500 3,000

Female 4,600 2,000 1,000 600 1,000Less than 10 2,100 300 900 300 60010–19 1,400 900 S 100 30020–29 700 500 D D D30 or more 400 300 D D D

Male 13,200 8,100 2,100 900 2,000

Less than 10 3,800 500 1,800 400 1,20010–19 3,200 2,300 300 500 20020–29 2,900 2,700 D D 10030 or more 3,300 2,700 D D 500

Physical scientist 37,300 18,400 5,700 3,500 9,700

Female 8,100 3,400 1,700 800 2,200Less than 10 3,900 400 1,600 500 1,50010–19 2,500 1,600 200 200 50020–29 1,400 1,100 D D 20030 or more 400 200 D D D

Male 29,100 15,100 3,900 2,600 7,500

Less than 10 8,500 500 2,800 1,100 4,00010–19 7,800 4,900 1,000 800 1,10020–29 6,300 4,800 D 300 1,10030 or more 6,600 4,900 D 400 1,300

Psychologist 22,900 10,600 3,600 2,600 6,100

Female 12,700 4,600 2,300 1,600 4,100Less than 10 5,200 700 1,800 800 2,00010–19 4,300 2,000 500 500 1,40020–29 2,100 1,300 D 100 60030 or more 1,100 700 D D 200

Male 10,200 6,000 1,300 1,000 1,900

Less than 10 2,700 400 1,000 400 80010–19 2,600 1,700 200 200 50020–29 2,000 1,400 D D 30030 or more 3,000 2,500 D 200 300

Social scientist 41,400 24,500 8,500 3,400 4,900

Female 15,700 8,100 3,800 1,400 2,500Less than 10 7,100 1,400 3,400 800 1,50010–19 4,400 3,000 300 400 70020–29 3,100 2,600 D 200 20030 or more 1,200 1,100 D D D

Male 25,700 16,400 4,700 2,000 2,500

Less than 10 7,300 1,200 4,300 1,000 80010–19 6,300 5,000 300 500 50020–29 5,600 5,000 D 200 40030 or more 6,400 5,300 D 400 700





Engineer 26,800 14,200 4,800 2,000 5,800Female 4,200 1,400 1,300 400 1,100

Less than 10 2,500 200 1,100 200 90010–19 1,200 700 100 200 20020–29 500 400 D D D30 or more D D D D D

Male 22,600 12,800 3,500 1,600 4,700

Less than 10 7,100 900 2,900 700 2,60010–19 5,700 4,000 500 400 70020–29 5,100 4,300 100 200 40030 or more 4,800 3,600 D 200 900

S&E-related occupations 27,000 8,900 5,700 4,900 7,400

Female 13,500 3,900 3,400 2,900 3,400Less than 10 6,200 800 2,400 1,300 1,80010–19 4,600 1,700 800 1,000 1,00020–29 2,000 900 200 500 40030 or more 700 400 D 100 D

Male 13,500 5,100 2,300 2,000 4,100

Less than 10 4,000 200 1,400 700 1,60010–19 3,700 1,400 700 500 1,00020–29 2,600 1,400 D 400 70030 or more 3,200 2,100 D 400 700

Non-S&E occupations 37,300 19,200 3,900 3,600 10,600

Female 15,300 6,000 2,100 1,800 5,400Less than 10 5,200 700 1,700 700 2,20010–19 4,900 2,400 300 600 1,70020–29 3,500 2,000 200 400 90030 or more 1,700 1,000 D 200 500

Male 22,000 13,200 1,800 1,800 5,200

Less than 10 3,600 700 1,400 400 1,10010–19 5,100 2,900 300 500 1,30020–29 6,500 4,800 100 400 1,10030 or more 6,900 4,800 D 400 1,600

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation, sex, and race/ethnicity Total ProfessorAssociate professor


Rank not applicable

All occupations 289,400 97,800 61,900 58,300 14,800 56,500

Female 101,400 21,400 23,500 25,900 6,800 23,800White 74,800 18,200 17,600 18,200 5,200 15,500Asian 15,100 1,500 2,900 4,200 900 5,500Black 4,900 700 1,300 1,500 200 1,200Hispanica 4,700 600 1,200 1,400 400 1,100American Indian or Alaska Native 300 D 100 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D 100 D DMultiple race 1,500 300 400 400 D 400

Male 187,900 76,400 38,400 32,300 8,000 32,800

White 141,600 62,900 29,300 21,300 6,600 21,400Asian 30,700 8,400 5,400 7,300 700 8,900Black 5,900 1,700 1,800 1,400 200 800Hispanica 6,900 2,500 1,400 1,700 200 1,100American Indian or Alaska Native 400 100 D 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D D 100 D 100Multiple race 2,100 700 400 400 200 400

S&E occupations 225,000 74,800 48,100 46,500 11,800 43,800

Female 72,600 14,500 16,300 18,900 5,200 17,700White 52,700 12,300 12,300 13,000 4,100 11,000Asian 11,900 1,100 2,000 3,400 700 4,800Black 3,100 500 800 1,000 100 700Hispanica 3,400 400 900 1,100 200 800American Indian or Alaska Native 200 D 100 D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D * D DMultiple race 1,100 200 300 300 D 300

Male 152,400 60,400 31,800 27,600 6,600 26,100

White 113,900 49,600 24,200 18,100 5,400 16,500Asian 26,100 7,000 4,400 6,300 700 7,800Black 4,400 1,100 1,400 1,200 100 500Hispanica 5,900 2,000 1,300 1,500 200 900American Indian or Alaska Native 300 100 D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D D 100 D DMultiple race 1,700 500 400 400 100 300

Scientist 198,200 64,500 42,600 41,300 10,900 38,800

Female 68,400 13,700 15,400 17,500 5,100 16,700White 50,400 11,700 11,800 12,400 3,900 10,600Asian 10,500 1,000 1,700 2,800 700 4,300Black 2,900 400 700 900 100 700Hispanica 3,200 400 900 1,000 200 700American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D 100 D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D * D DMultiple race 1,100 200 200 300 D 300

Male 129,800 50,800 27,200 23,800 5,800 22,200

White 99,500 42,800 21,000 16,300 4,800 14,600Asian 19,500 4,900 3,400 4,500 600 6,100Black 3,900 1,000 1,300 1,100 100 400Hispanica 5,000 1,700 1,100 1,300 200 800American Indian or Alaska Native 300 100 D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D D 100 D DMultiple race 1,500 300 400 300 100 300


Female 25,600 4,400 3,700 5,900 1,500 10,100White 18,100 3,700 2,900 4,200 1,200 6,000Asian 5,300 400 400 1,100 200 3,200

TABLE 9-25. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010




Rank not applicable


Black 700 100 100 200 D 300Hispanica 1,100 100 200 300 100 400American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 300 D D 100 D 200

Male 43,300 14,800 8,300 7,800 1,300 11,100

White 32,300 12,700 6,100 5,600 1,000 6,800Asian 7,300 1,100 1,200 1,300 200 3,400Black 1,000 200 400 200 D 200Hispanica 2,000 500 500 500 D 500American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D D DMultiple race 600 200 200 D D 200

Computer and information scientist 9,900 3,300 2,400 1,600 500 2,100

Female 1,700 400 400 400 100 400White 1,000 300 200 200 D 200Asian 600 D 200 200 D 100Black 100 D D * D DHispanica * D D D D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D D

Male 8,300 2,900 2,000 1,200 400 1,700

White 5,000 2,000 1,100 500 300 1,100Asian 2,800 900 800 500 D 500Black 200 D D D D DHispanica 200 D 100 D D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D D D D

Mathematical scientist 17,800 6,500 4,000 4,100 900 2,200

Female 4,600 1,100 1,100 1,300 400 700White 3,100 800 800 700 200 500Asian 1,200 200 300 500 100 100Black 200 D 100 * D DHispanica 100 D * * D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D D

Male 13,200 5,500 2,900 2,800 600 1,500

White 9,700 4,200 2,300 1,800 500 900Asian 2,600 900 400 700 D 500Black 300 100 100 100 D DHispanica 500 300 D 100 D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D D


Female 8,100 1,700 1,800 2,100 900 1,600White 6,200 1,500 1,500 1,500 600 1,100Asian 1,300 100 200 400 200 400Black 100 D 100 D D DHispanica 400 100 100 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D D




Rank not applicable


Multiple race 100 D D D D D

Male 29,100 11,100 5,400 4,900 1,900 5,800White 23,000 9,400 4,400 3,400 1,600 4,100Asian 4,200 1,000 600 1,000 200 1,400Black 700 100 200 300 D DHispanica 900 400 200 200 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 300 100 D D D D

Psychologist 22,900 7,300 5,800 5,000 1,400 3,500

Female 12,700 2,700 3,200 3,300 1,000 2,500White 10,100 2,300 2,500 2,500 800 1,900Asian 700 D 200 200 D 200Black 800 200 D 300 D 300Hispanica 600 D 200 200 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 300 100 100 D D D

Male 10,200 4,500 2,600 1,700 400 1,000

White 8,800 4,200 2,200 1,400 400 700Asian 300 S 100 100 D 100Black 500 100 200 100 D DHispanica 400 100 100 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D D D D


Female 15,700 3,500 5,100 4,500 1,200 1,400White 12,000 3,000 3,900 3,200 1,000 900Asian 1,400 200 400 400 100 300Black 1,000 100 400 300 D 100Hispanica 900 100 300 400 * *American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander * D D D D DMultiple race 300 D 100 100 D *

Male 25,700 12,000 6,000 5,300 1,200 1,200

White 20,700 10,200 4,900 3,600 1,100 900Asian 2,300 1,000 400 800 D 100Black 1,200 400 400 400 D DHispanica 1,000 300 200 300 D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 300 D S 200 D D

Engineer 26,800 10,400 5,500 5,200 800 4,900

Female 4,200 800 900 1,300 100 1,000White 2,300 600 500 700 S 500Asian 1,400 100 300 600 D 500Black 200 D 100 100 D DHispanica 200 S * 100 D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D D

Male 22,600 9,600 4,600 3,800 700 3,900

White 14,400 6,900 3,300 1,800 500 1,900




Rank not applicable


Asian 6,600 2,100 1,000 1,800 D 1,700Black 500 100 100 100 D 100Hispanica 900 400 200 200 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 200 S D D D D


Female 13,500 2,700 3,800 4,400 600 2,000White 10,600 2,400 2,900 3,400 500 1,300Asian 1,500 D 500 500 S 400Black 800 100 300 300 D 100Hispanica 500 S 100 200 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 200 D D D D D

Male 13,500 4,600 3,000 2,700 400 2,800

White 10,000 3,800 2,400 1,800 300 1,700Asian 2,600 600 500 700 D 800Black 500 100 100 100 D 100Hispanica 300 100 100 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race S D D D D D


Female 15,300 4,200 3,400 2,600 1,000 4,100White 11,600 3,500 2,500 1,800 700 3,200Asian 1,600 400 400 400 100 300Black 1,000 100 300 200 D 400Hispanica 800 200 100 200 100 200American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 200 D 100 D D D

Male 22,000 11,400 3,700 2,000 1,100 3,900

White 17,700 9,500 2,700 1,400 900 3,200Asian 2,100 800 500 400 D 300Black 1,100 500 300 100 D 200Hispanica 700 400 100 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 400 200 D D D D

* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a Hispanic may be any race. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation, sex, and race/ethnicity Total TenuredOn tenure

trackNot on

tenure trackTenure not applicable

All occupations 289,400 137,100 47,100 31,000 74,100

Female 101,400 36,600 19,800 13,800 31,200White 74,800 29,300 13,800 10,200 21,500Asian 15,100 3,400 3,500 2,200 6,000Black 4,900 1,600 1,100 600 1,700Hispanica 4,700 1,600 1,100 600 1,400American Indian or Alaska Native 300 100 100 D 100Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D * D DMultiple race 1,500 600 400 100 500

Male 187,900 100,600 27,300 17,200 42,900

White 141,600 81,200 17,500 13,100 29,800Asian 30,700 11,500 6,500 2,800 9,800Black 5,900 3,100 1,200 500 1,200Hispanica 6,900 3,500 1,400 600 1,400American Indian or Alaska Native 400 200 200 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D 100 D 100Multiple race 2,100 1,000 300 200 600

S&E occupations 225,000 109,000 37,500 22,400 56,100

Female 72,600 26,700 14,300 9,000 22,500White 52,700 21,400 9,700 6,500 15,000Asian 11,900 2,500 2,700 1,700 5,000Black 3,100 1,100 700 300 1,000Hispanica 3,400 1,200 800 400 1,000American Indian or Alaska Native 200 100 D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D DMultiple race 1,100 400 300 100 300

Male 152,400 82,300 23,200 13,300 33,600

White 113,900 66,200 14,900 10,100 22,800Asian 26,100 9,900 5,600 2,200 8,400Black 4,400 2,200 1,000 300 800Hispanica 5,900 3,000 1,200 500 1,100American Indian or Alaska Native 300 200 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D 100 D DMultiple race 1,700 800 300 200 400

Scientist 198,200 94,800 32,700 20,300 50,300

Female 68,400 25,300 13,100 8,600 21,400White 50,400 20,500 9,200 6,200 14,500Asian 10,500 2,300 2,100 1,600 4,500Black 2,900 1,000 600 300 1,000Hispanica 3,200 1,100 800 400 900American Indian or Alaska Native 100 100 D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D DMultiple race 1,100 300 300 100 300

Male 129,800 69,500 19,600 11,700 29,000

White 99,500 57,000 13,300 9,000 20,200Asian 19,500 7,100 3,900 1,800 6,600Black 3,900 2,000 900 300 700Hispanica 5,000 2,500 1,000 400 1,000American Indian or Alaska Native 300 100 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 200 D D D DMultiple race 1,500 600 300 200 400


Female 25,600 6,500 3,800 4,000 11,200White 18,100 5,400 2,900 2,800 6,900

TABLE 9-26. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and tenure status: 2010

Not tenured



trackNot on



Not tenured

Asian 5,300 600 600 900 3,300Black 700 200 100 100 300Hispanica 1,100 300 200 200 500American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 300 D S D 100

Male 43,300 19,300 6,400 4,500 13,100

White 32,300 16,100 4,500 3,300 8,500Asian 7,300 1,600 1,300 800 3,600Black 1,000 400 200 100 200Hispanica 2,000 800 400 200 500American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D DMultiple race 600 300 D D 300

Computer and information scientist 9,900 5,400 1,500 800 2,300

Female 1,700 800 400 200 400White 1,000 500 200 100 200Asian 600 200 200 D 100Black 100 * D D DHispanica * D D D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D

Male 8,300 4,600 1,100 600 1,900

White 5,000 2,800 600 400 1,300Asian 2,800 1,500 500 200 600Black 200 S D D DHispanica 200 100 D D DAmerican Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D D D

Mathematical scientist 17,800 10,100 3,100 1,500 3,000

Female 4,600 2,000 1,000 600 1,000White 3,100 1,500 600 300 700Asian 1,200 300 400 200 200Black 200 * D D 100Hispanica 100 100 * D *American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D

Male 13,200 8,100 2,100 900 2,000

White 9,700 6,300 1,500 700 1,300Asian 2,600 1,300 400 200 700Black 300 200 100 D DHispanica 500 300 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D

Physical scientist 37,300 18,400 5,700 3,500 9,700

Female 8,100 3,400 1,700 800 2,200White 6,200 2,800 1,200 600 1,500Asian 1,300 300 400 100 500Black 100 100 D D DHispanica 400 200 100 D 100



trackNot on



Not tenured

American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D D D

Male 29,100 15,100 3,900 2,600 7,500

White 23,000 12,700 2,700 1,900 5,700Asian 4,200 1,400 900 400 1,500Black 700 300 200 100 100Hispanica 900 500 200 D 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 300 100 D 100 D

Psychologist 22,900 10,600 3,600 2,600 6,100

Female 12,700 4,600 2,300 1,600 4,100White 10,100 3,700 1,700 1,300 3,400Asian 700 300 200 100 200Black 800 200 200 D 300Hispanica 600 200 200 100 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 300 200 D D 100

Male 10,200 6,000 1,300 1,000 1,900

White 8,800 5,300 1,000 900 1,500Asian 300 100 100 D 100Black 500 200 D D 100Hispanica 400 200 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D D D

Social scientist 41,400 24,500 8,500 3,400 4,900

Female 15,700 8,100 3,800 1,400 2,500White 12,000 6,500 2,700 1,000 1,800Asian 1,400 600 400 200 300Black 1,000 500 300 100 200Hispanica 900 400 300 100 100American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander * D D D DMultiple race 300 100 100 D D

Male 25,700 16,400 4,700 2,000 2,500

White 20,700 13,800 3,000 1,800 2,000Asian 2,300 1,200 800 100 200Black 1,200 700 400 D 100Hispanica 1,000 500 200 100 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 300 100 200 D D

Engineer 26,800 14,200 4,800 2,000 5,800

Female 4,200 1,400 1,300 400 1,100White 2,300 900 600 300 500Asian 1,400 200 600 S 500Black 200 100 100 D DHispanica 200 100 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race D D D D D



trackNot on



Not tenured

Male 22,600 12,800 3,500 1,600 4,700White 14,400 9,200 1,600 1,100 2,600Asian 6,600 2,700 1,700 400 1,800Black 500 200 100 D 100Hispanica 900 500 200 100 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 200 S D D D


Female 13,500 3,900 3,400 2,900 3,400White 10,600 3,200 2,600 2,300 2,400Asian 1,500 200 400 300 600Black 800 300 300 200 100Hispanica 500 100 100 100 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 200 D D D D

Male 13,500 5,100 2,300 2,000 4,100

White 10,000 4,300 1,500 1,500 2,700Asian 2,600 500 600 400 1,000Black 500 200 100 100 100Hispanica 300 100 100 D 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race S D D D D


Female 15,300 6,000 2,100 1,800 5,400White 11,600 4,700 1,400 1,500 4,100Asian 1,600 700 400 100 400Black 1,000 300 100 100 500Hispanica 800 200 200 100 300American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 200 100 D D 100

Male 22,000 13,200 1,800 1,800 5,200

White 17,700 10,700 1,200 1,600 4,300Asian 2,100 1,200 400 200 400Black 1,100 700 100 D 200Hispanica 700 500 100 D 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D DMultiple race 400 200 D D 100

* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. aHispanic may be any race. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation and race/ethnicity Total ProfessorAssociate professor

Assistant professor Other

Rank not applicable

All occupations 289,400 97,800 61,900 58,300 14,800 56,500White 216,400 81,100 46,900 39,500 11,900 36,900Asian 45,800 9,900 8,200 11,600 1,700 14,400Black 10,900 2,300 3,100 2,900 400 2,000Hispanica 11,600 3,100 2,600 3,100 600 2,200American Indian or Alaska Native 700 200 200 200 D SNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 300 D D 100 D 100Multiple race 3,700 1,000 800 800 200 800

S&E occupations 225,000 74,800 48,100 46,500 11,800 43,800

White 166,600 61,900 36,500 31,200 9,400 27,500Asian 38,000 8,000 6,300 9,700 1,400 12,600Black 7,500 1,600 2,200 2,200 300 1,200Hispanica 9,300 2,500 2,200 2,500 400 1,700American Indian or Alaska Native 500 100 100 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 300 D D 100 D *Multiple race 2,800 700 700 700 200 600

Scientist 198,200 64,500 42,600 41,300 10,900 38,800White 149,800 54,500 32,800 28,700 8,800 25,100Asian 30,000 5,900 5,100 7,400 1,300 10,500Black 6,800 1,400 2,000 2,000 200 1,100Hispanica 8,200 2,000 2,000 2,300 400 1,500American Indian or Alaska Native 400 100 100 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 300 D D 100 D *Multiple race 2,600 500 600 700 200 600


White 50,400 16,500 9,000 9,800 2,300 12,800Asian 12,600 1,500 1,600 2,400 400 6,700Black 1,700 300 500 400 D 400Hispanica 3,100 600 700 800 100 900American Indian or Alaska Native 100 D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D D DMultiple race 900 200 200 100 D 300

Computer/mathematical scientist 27,700 9,800 6,500 5,700 1,500 4,200

White 18,700 7,300 4,400 3,300 1,100 2,700Asian 7,200 1,900 1,600 2,000 300 1,400Black 800 100 300 200 D 100Hispanica 900 400 100 200 S 100American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 100 D D * D D


White 29,200 10,900 5,900 4,900 2,200 5,200Asian 5,500 1,100 700 1,500 400 1,800Black 800 100 300 300 100 100Hispanica 1,300 500 300 300 D 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 500 100 D 100 S D


White 51,600 19,800 13,500 10,600 3,200 4,500Asian 4,800 1,300 1,100 1,500 200 600Black 3,600 800 1,000 1,100 100 500Hispanica 2,900 500 900 1,000 200 300American Indian or Alaska Native 200 D 100 S D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D 100 D D

TABLE 9-27. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010


Occupation and race/ethnicity Total ProfessorAssociate professor

Assistant professor Other

Rank not applicable

TABLE 9-27. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010

Multiple race 1,100 200 300 400 D 200

Engineer 26,800 10,400 5,500 5,200 800 4,900White 16,700 7,500 3,700 2,500 600 2,400Asian 8,000 2,200 1,200 2,300 100 2,100Black 700 200 200 100 D 100Hispanica 1,100 400 200 200 D 200American Indian or Alaska Native D D D D D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander D D D D D DMultiple race 300 S S D D D

S&E-related or non-S&E occupation 64,400 22,900 13,800 11,800 3,100 12,800

White 49,800 19,200 10,400 8,400 2,500 9,400Asian 7,800 1,900 1,900 1,900 300 1,800Black 3,400 700 900 800 100 800Hispanica 2,300 700 400 500 100 600American Indian or Alaska Native 200 D 100 100 D DNative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 100 D D D D DMultiple race 800 300 100 100 D 200

* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a Hispanic may be any race. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation and disability status All faculty ProfessorAssociate professor


Rank not applicable

All occupations 289,400 97,800 61,900 58,300 14,800 56,500Without disability 265,400 86,700 56,500 55,400 13,400 53,400With disability 24,000 11,100 5,400 2,900 1,400 3,100

S&E occupations 225,000 74,800 48,100 46,500 11,800 43,800

Without disability 206,400 66,300 43,700 44,200 10,700 41,500With disability 18,600 8,600 4,400 2,300 1,100 2,300

Scientist 198,200 64,500 42,600 41,300 10,900 38,800Without disability 181,600 57,100 38,700 39,200 9,900 36,800With disability 16,500 7,400 3,900 2,100 1,100 2,100


Without disability 63,000 16,700 10,800 12,800 2,600 20,000With disability 5,900 2,500 1,200 800 200 1,200

Computer and information scientist 9,900 3,300 2,400 1,600 500 2,100Without disability 9,400 3,100 2,300 1,500 500 2,000With disability 600 200 200 D D D

Mathematical scientist 17,800 6,500 4,000 4,100 900 2,200Without disability 16,200 5,900 3,500 4,000 900 2,000With disability 1,500 600 500 100 D 200

Physical scientist 37,300 12,700 7,300 7,100 2,900 7,400Without disability 34,500 11,300 6,700 6,900 2,600 7,000With disability 2,700 1,400 600 200 200 300

Psychologist 22,900 7,300 5,800 5,000 1,400 3,500Without disability 21,500 6,500 5,500 4,800 1,300 3,400With disability 1,400 700 300 200 D 100

Social scientist 41,400 15,500 11,100 9,800 2,300 2,600Without disability 37,000 13,600 9,900 9,200 1,800 2,400With disability 4,400 1,900 1,100 600 500 200

Engineer 26,800 10,400 5,500 5,200 800 4,900

Without disability 24,700 9,200 5,100 4,900 800 4,700With disability 2,100 1,100 400 300 D 200


Without disability 25,000 6,400 6,300 6,900 900 4,600With disability 2,000 1,000 500 200 100 200


Without disability 34,000 14,000 6,500 4,300 1,800 7,400With disability 3,400 1,600 600 300 300 600

TABLE 9-28. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by occupation, disability status and faculty rank: 2010

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Details may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


Occupation and disability status Total Tenured On tenure trackNot on tenure

trackTenure not applicable

All occupations 289,400 137,100 47,100 31,000 74,100Without disability 265,400 122,800 44,800 28,300 69,400With disability 24,000 14,300 2,400 2,600 4,700

S&E occupations 225,000 109,000 37,500 22,400 56,100

Without disability 206,400 97,400 35,700 20,500 52,700With disability 18,600 11,500 1,800 1,900 3,400

Scientist 198,200 94,800 32,700 20,300 50,300

Without disability 181,600 84,700 31,100 18,600 47,300With disability 16,500 10,100 1,600 1,800 3,000


Without disability 63,000 22,500 9,600 7,900 22,900With disability 5,900 3,300 600 600 1,400

Computer and information scientist 9,900 5,400 1,500 800 2,300Without disability 9,400 5,000 1,400 800 2,100With disability 600 300 D D 100

Mathematical scientist 17,800 10,100 3,100 1,500 3,000Without disability 16,200 9,100 3,000 1,400 2,700With disability 1,500 1,000 100 D 300

Physical scientist 37,300 18,400 5,700 3,500 9,700Without disability 34,500 16,600 5,500 3,200 9,300With disability 2,700 1,800 200 300 500

Psychologist 22,900 10,600 3,600 2,600 6,100Without disability 21,500 9,700 3,500 2,600 5,800With disability 1,400 900 200 D 200

Social scientist 41,400 24,500 8,500 3,400 4,900Without disability 37,000 21,700 8,100 2,800 4,500With disability 4,400 2,800 500 700 400

Engineer 26,800 14,200 4,800 2,000 5,800

Without disability 24,700 12,800 4,700 1,900 5,400With disability 2,100 1,400 100 S 400


Without disability 25,000 7,900 5,500 4,500 7,100With disability 2,000 1,000 200 400 300


Without disability 34,000 17,400 3,600 3,300 9,600With disability 3,400 1,800 300 300 1,000

Not tenured

TABLE 9-29. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by occupation, disability status, and tenure status: 2010

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.


(Percent)

Without WithOccupation Total Female Male White Asian Black Hispanic disability disability

SEH doctorate holders employed full time as ranked professors (number)

Total 207,500 67,000 140,500 159,400 28,600 7,900 8,500 500 200 2,400 189,500 18,000With federal support 94,700 27,100 67,600 72,600 14,100 2,700 4,000 200 100 1,000 87,300 7,400

All occupations 45.6 40.5 48.1 45.6 49.2 33.6 46.8 40.6 61.6 42.7 46.0 41.2

S&E occupations 47.4 42.5 49.4 47.1 52.3 33.1 48.4 50.9 61.6 43.5 47.9 42.0Scientist 44.8 41.1 46.5 44.9 48.6 30.5 45.9 43.3 59.2 39.9 45.0 42.2

Biological/life scientist 64.6 62.7 65.4 64.7 65.5 50.2 69.2 D D 56.5 65.4 57.5Computer and information scientist 50.4 55.9 49.3 45.6 59.4 38.2 58.4 D D D 51.8 26.8Mathematical scientist 40.3 47.5 38.0 41.6 37.5 26.7 34.6 D D D 40.4 39.4Physical scientist 52.6 46.8 54.1 53.0 51.5 39.1 50.3 D D 75.6 52.1 58.6Psychologist 33.5 32.1 34.8 33.4 46.7 26.3 32.1 D D 26.9 34.1 24.2Social scientist 20.2 18.7 21.1 20.8 15.9 18.5 22.3 D D 16.2 20.2 20.6

Engineer 65.3 63.9 65.6 65.8 64.0 60.7 65.8 D D 69.6 67.7 41.1

S&E-related occupations 49.5 42.0 57.2 50.2 45.6 44.4 62.5 D D D 50.2 41.1Non-S&E occupations 31.9 29.0 33.6 32.8 26.8 29.0 27.6 D D 37.9 31.4 36.1

TABLE 9-30. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed full time as full, associate, or assistant professors in 4-year colleges or universities who were supported by federal grants or contracts in 2009, by occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010

Race/ethnicity

Multiplerace

Disability statusSex

Native Hawaiian or


American Indian or

Alaska Native

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S&E = science and engineering; SEH = science, engineering, and health. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 100, and percentages rounded to nearest 1%. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Survey of Doctorate Recipients asks the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses); hearing (with hearing aid); walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds; or concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any activity were classified as having a disability. This table includes those working during the week of 1 October 2010. S&E occupations include S&E postsecondary teachers. S&E-related occupations include health occupations. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.

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(Percent)

Total Female Male White Asian Black Hispanic

Doctorate holders (number) 248,600 81,400 167,300 190,500 36,400 8,800 9,100 600 300 2,900 231,100 17,500

ArticlesNone 18.6 19.8 18.0 19.2 14.0 27.6 15.5 21.4 34.4 16.5 18.5 19.31 to 5 37.0 42.1 34.5 36.4 37.0 45.8 41.0 35.2 57.6 36.5 36.9 39.26 to 10 19.8 19.5 20.0 19.5 21.8 16.4 20.8 D D 17.9 19.9 18.611 or more 24.6 18.7 27.5 24.9 27.2 10.2 22.7 D D 29.1 24.8 22.9

BooksNone 72.3 73.3 71.8 72.1 73.5 75.2 70.4 58.3 79.5 70.1 72.5 69.71 or 2 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.5 21.1 21.3 21.1 19.3 D D 21.2 24.43 to 5 4.8 3.9 5.3 4.9 4.1 2.8 7.4 D D D 4.8 4.86 or more 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.1 D D D 1.5 1.1

PatentsNone 93.7 96.6 92.3 94.4 89.2 97.0 94.0 D D 90.0 93.7 94.21 or more 6.3 3.4 7.7 5.6 10.8 3.0 6.0 D D 10.0 6.3 5.8

Without disability

TABLE 9-31. Full-time S&E doctorate holders employed in 4-year colleges or universities, by sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and refereed articles, books, and patents since 2003: 2008

Race/ethnicity


Native

Native Hawaiian/


Disability status

With disability Articles, books, and patents

Sex Multiplerace

D = data suppressed for data confidentiality reasons. NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 100. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. S&E doctorate holders refers to all persons with doctoral degrees in science, engineering, or health fields from U.S. universities. For disability status, those who reported difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability."

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2008 (preliminary data).

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013223

Sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and supervisory status 75 and younger Younger than 35 35–44 45–54 55–75

Total 2,352,000 508,000 595,000 707,000 542,000Supervisors 1,044,000 168,000 272,000 357,000 248,000Nonsupervisors 1,308,000 340,000 324,000 350,000 294,000Percent who are supervisors 44.4 33.1 45.7 50.5 45.8

Female 1,013,000 249,000 242,000 309,000 214,000

Supervisors 394,000 73,000 98,000 140,000 83,000Nonsupervisors 619,000 176,000 144,000 169,000 131,000Percent who are supervisors 38.9 29.3 40.5 45.3 38.8

Male 1,338,000 259,000 353,000 398,000 328,000


White 1,686,000 350,000 418,000 497,000 421,000


Asian 190,000 47,000 46,000 57,000 40,000


Black 241,000 46,000 64,000 86,000 46,000


Hispanic 154,000 43,000 49,000 43,000 19,000


American Indian/Alaska Native 16,000 2,000 4,000 7,000 4,000

Supervisors 8,000 * 2,000 4,000 2,000Nonsupervisors 8,000 1,000 2,000 3,000 2,000Percent who are supervisors 50.0 * 50.0 57.1 50.0

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 13,000 4,000 3,000 5,000 2,000

Supervisors 4,000 1,000 D D DNonsupervisors 10,000 3,000 2,000 3,000 2,000Percent who are supervisors 30.8 25.0 D D D

Multiple race 51,000 16,000 12,000 12,000 10,000


Without disability 2,144,000 490,000 562,000 625,000 467,000

Supervisors 954,000 160,000 260,000 315,000 219,000Nonsupervisors 1,189,000 330,000 302,000 310,000 247,000Percent who are supervisors 44.5 32.7 46.3 50.4 46.9

TABLE 9-32. Scientists and engineers employment in government, by supervisory status, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008


Sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and supervisory status 75 and younger Younger than 35 35–44 45–54 55–75

TABLE 9-32. Scientists and engineers employment in government, by supervisory status, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008

With disability 208,000 18,000 33,000 82,000 75,000Supervisors 90,000 8,000 12,000 42,000 28,000Nonsupervisors 118,000 10,000 21,000 40,000 47,000Percent who are supervisors 43.3 44.4 36.4 51.2 37.3

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.




Occupation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 215,929 219,383 223,189 235,110 55,717 57,714 59,991 64,107 160,209 161,667 163,197 171,003

Scientists 130,238 133,083 135,456 142,243 44,002 45,591 47,284 50,325 86,234 87,491 88,172 91,918

Computer and mathematical scientists 44,377 45,888 46,525 49,650 14,936 15,348 15,450 16,223 29,439 30,540 31,075 33,427Computer specialists 4,920 5,006 5,191 5,623 1,416 1,401 1,433 1,511 3,503 3,605 3,758 4,112Cryptography analysts 13 13 11 11 7 6 5 5 6 7 6 6Equipment specialists 771 1,031 930 1,026 74 94 84 102 697 937 846 924Information technology management positions 30,398 31,475 31,854 33,874 10,468 10,796 10,778 11,198 19,929 20,679 21,076 22,676Mathematical statisticians 1,288 1,268 1,295 1,366 496 490 514 561 792 778 781 805Mathematicians 995 967 971 997 348 343 353 366 647 624 618 631Operations research analysts 3,256 3,361 3,535 3,874 886 943 1,013 1,131 2,370 2,418 2,522 2,743Statisticians 2,736 2,767 2,738 2,879 1,241 1,275 1,270 1,349 1,495 1,492 1,468 1,530

Life scientists 37,258 37,842 38,299 39,534 12,706 13,156 13,677 14,512 24,552 24,686 24,622 25,022Agronomists 276 263 253 255 31 29 29 26 245 234 224 229Animal scientists 94 95 83 86 19 21 17 21 75 74 66 65Botanists 387 381 380 395 187 182 188 196 200 199 192 199Ecologists 1,145 1,158 1,192 1,239 418 409 438 458 727 749 754 781Entomologists 568 555 547 542 108 105 111 110 460 450 436 432Environmental protection specialists 3,743 3,777 3,707 3,812 1,737 1,759 1,742 1,826 2,006 2,018 1,965 1,986Fishery biologists 2,326 2,302 2,294 2,288 573 581 596 619 1,753 1,721 1,698 1,669Geneticists 417 408 404 418 112 112 112 128 305 296 292 290Horticulturalists 104 102 106 104 35 36 37 37 69 66 69 67Microbiologists 2,260 2,240 2,281 2,434 977 988 1,027 1,151 1,283 1,252 1,254 1,283Pharmacologists 451 456 527 566 153 162 202 228 298 294 325 338Physiologists 398 382 395 406 95 84 95 101 303 298 300 305Plant pathologists 302 295 297 298 83 82 82 82 219 213 215 216Plant physiologists 200 192 185 183 50 50 45 43 150 142 140 140Range conservationists 905 912 880 894 216 226 235 245 689 686 645 649Soil conservationists 3,839 3,715 3,547 3,558 925 918 909 944 2,914 2,797 2,638 2,614Soil scientists 1,215 1,162 1,131 1,092 201 204 205 207 1,014 958 926 885Toxicologists 451 457 471 466 171 179 179 174 280 278 292 292Wildlife biologists 2,195 2,195 2,170 2,166 672 699 700 710 1,523 1,496 1,470 1,456Zoologists 95 90 88 80 15 13 14 13 80 77 74 67Life scientists, general 15,887 16,705 17,361 18,252 5,928 6,317 6,714 7,193 9,959 10,388 10,647 11,059

Physical scientists 23,809 23,579 23,695 24,339 5,792 5,819 6,038 6,427 18,017 17,760 17,657 17,912Astronomers and space scientists 433 419 410 421 55 56 62 72 378 363 348 349Chemists 5,502 5,355 5,358 5,464 1,789 1,762 1,792 1,877 3,713 3,593 3,566 3,587Geodesists 60 60 59 66 13 10 10 11 47 50 49 55Geologists 1,568 1,569 1,568 1,613 340 366 390 416 1,228 1,203 1,178 1,197Geophysicists 412 411 421 432 72 73 82 90 340 338 339 342Health physicists 682 681 689 726 151 147 150 176 531 534 539 550Hydrologists 2,358 2,313 2,294 2,289 555 550 562 567 1,803 1,763 1,732 1,722

Both sexes Female MaleTABLE 9-33. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by sex: 2006–09

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Occupation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009Both sexes Female Male

TABLE 9-33. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by sex: 2006–09

Meteorologists 2,712 2,712 2,697 2,730 286 294 304 324 2,426 2,418 2,393 2,406Oceanographers 622 602 604 596 157 153 158 158 465 449 446 438Physicists 2,411 2,371 2,335 2,384 234 232 241 262 2,177 2,139 2,094 2,122Physical scientists, general 7,049 7,086 7,260 7,618 2,140 2,176 2,287 2,474 4,909 4,910 4,973 5,144

Social scientists 24,794 25,774 26,937 28,720 10,568 11,268 12,119 13,163 14,226 14,505 14,818 15,557Agricultural market analysts 118 116 114 114 26 30 29 31 92 86 85 83Agricultural market specialists 343 307 310 310 118 111 115 122 225 196 195 188Anthropologists 96 91 93 104 44 46 49 57 52 45 44 47Archaeologists 1,004 1,008 1,015 1,049 399 401 418 443 605 607 597 606Civil rights analysts 36 32 38 37 24 20 25 26 12 12 13 11Economists 4,113 4,013 3,958 4,100 1,306 1,288 1,275 1,330 2,807 2,725 2,683 2,770Education research analysts 76 82 64 90 42 48 37 59 34 34 27 31Foreign affairs analysts 1,748 1,900 1,996 2,097 653 754 807 860 1,095 1,146 1,189 1,237Foreign agricultural affairs analysts 55 53 56 51 13 13 15 13 42 40 41 38Geographers 582 603 656 704 197 198 221 230 385 405 435 474Intelligence specialists 4,982 5,240 5,319 5,669 1,794 1,887 1,942 2,069 3,188 3,352 3,377 3,600International cooperation specialists 30 29 0 0 22 22 0 0 8 7 0 0International relations specialists 157 174 174 183 74 85 82 91 83 89 92 92Manpower research analysts 46 50 59 54 31 35 37 33 15 15 22 21Psychologists 4,257 4,707 5,292 5,944 2,080 2,388 2,815 3,272 2,177 2,319 2,477 2,672Sociologists 33 31 34 38 16 14 16 19 17 17 18 19Trade specialists 619 602 625 659 270 270 281 295 349 332 344 364Transportation industry analysts 88 91 90 105 23 27 26 26 65 64 64 79Unemployment insurance specialists 52 52 52 49 25 25 25 25 27 27 27 24Social scientists, general 6,359 6,593 6,992 7,363 3,411 3,606 3,904 4,162 2,948 2,987 3,088 3,201

Engineers 85,691 86,300 87,733 92,867 11,715 12,123 12,707 13,782 73,975 74,176 75,025 79,085Aerospace engineers 8,327 8,504 8,820 9,027 1,251 1,313 1,404 1,426 7,076 7,190 7,415 7,601Chemical engineers 1,083 1,083 1,112 1,150 296 299 318 342 787 784 794 808Civil engineers 9,606 9,617 9,679 10,724 1,377 1,440 1,540 1,791 8,229 8,177 8,139 8,933Electrical, electronics, and computer engineers 26,627 26,569 26,624 27,458 3,076 3,127 3,162 3,300 23,551 23,442 23,462 24,158

Electrical engineers 3,575 3,647 3,739 4,066 408 437 455 507 3,167 3,210 3,284 3,559Computer engineers 3,919 4,047 4,113 4,242 721 739 749 762 3,198 3,308 3,364 3,480Electronics engineers 19,133 18,875 18,772 19,150 1,947 1,951 1,958 2,031 17,186 16,924 16,814 17,119

Industrial engineers 1,615 1,617 1,573 1,703 303 310 323 370 1,312 1,307 1,250 1,333Safety engineers 457 457 451 470 69 74 82 88 388 383 369 382Fire prevention engineers 155 166 165 183 12 10 11 15 143 156 154 168Industrial engineers 1,003 994 957 1,050 222 226 230 267 781 768 727 783

Mechanical engineers 9,664 9,813 9,964 10,886 859 896 915 1,049 8,805 8,917 9,049 9,837Other engineers 28,769 29,097 29,961 31,919 4,553 4,738 5,045 5,504 24,215 24,359 24,916 26,415

Materials engineers 1,125 1,118 1,132 1,188 196 202 197 205 929 916 935 983Environmental engineers 4,415 4,250 4,102 4,150 1,210 1,189 1,184 1,214 3,205 3,061 2,918 2,936Nuclear engineers 2,360 2,290 2,402 2,532 229 234 260 280 2,131 2,056 2,142 2,252

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013227

Occupation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009Both sexes Female Male

TABLE 9-33. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by sex: 2006–09

Biomedical engineers 394 427 458 508 122 146 160 183 272 281 298 325Naval architects 724 724 733 778 75 80 86 95 649 644 647 683Mining engineers 206 183 175 173 16 13 10 11 190 170 165 162Petroleum engineers 290 283 278 286 29 28 32 36 261 255 246 250Agricultural engineers 360 350 346 339 65 67 69 73 295 283 277 266Ceramic engineers 40 38 37 9 9 8 8 1 31 30 29 8Welding engineers 45 44 49 38 4 4 4 3 41 40 45 35Metallurgists 73 63 56 57 4 3 3 4 69 60 53 53Engineers, general 18,737 19,327 20,193 21,861 2,594 2,764 3,032 3,399 16,142 16,563 17,161 18,462

NOTE: Total includes those of unknown sex, which are not shown separately.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation tabulations from data provided by the Office of Personnel Management and the Defense Manpower Data Center.

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Occupation and race/ethnicity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 215,929 219,383 223,189 235,110 55,717 57,714 59,991 64,107 160,209 161,667 163,197 171,003White 171,321 172,753 174,555 182,687 40,698 41,854 43,245 45,937 130,620 130,897 131,309 136,750Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 18,904 19,380 20,208 21,509 5,258 5,453 5,818 6,240 13,646 13,927 14,390 15,269Black 14,687 15,743 16,631 18,229 6,659 7,132 7,512 8,172 8,028 8,611 9,119 10,057Hispanic 8,951 9,325 9,663 10,258 2,473 2,610 2,753 2,974 6,478 6,715 6,910 7,284American Indian/Alaska Native 1,934 1,956 1,993 2,080 581 582 612 658 1,353 1,374 1,381 1,422Unknown 132 226 139 347 48 83 51 126 84 143 88 221

All scientists 130,238 133,083 135,456 142,243 44,002 45,591 47,284 50,325 86,234 87,491 88,172 91,918White 104,068 105,368 106,491 110,906 32,479 33,404 34,479 36,442 71,587 71,963 72,012 74,464Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 9,335 9,698 10,286 11,052 3,771 3,915 4,199 4,530 5,564 5,783 6,087 6,522Black 10,602 11,391 11,978 13,032 5,509 5,877 6,153 6,660 5,093 5,514 5,825 6,372Hispanic 4,806 5,108 5,224 5,530 1,727 1,851 1,911 2,040 3,079 3,257 3,313 3,490American Indian/Alaska Native 1,325 1,355 1,375 1,437 475 476 500 535 850 879 875 902Unknown 102 163 102 286 41 68 42 118 61 95 60 168

Computer and mathematical scientists 44,377 45,888 46,525 49,650 14,936 15,348 15,450 16,223 29,439 30,540 31,075 33,427White 32,500 33,128 33,166 34,973 9,655 9,790 9,716 10,031 22,843 23,338 23,450 24,942Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 4,293 4,485 4,750 5,198 1,778 1,819 1,921 2,085 2,515 2,666 2,829 3,113Black 5,611 6,090 6,398 7,035 2,858 3,048 3,125 3,343 2,753 3,042 3,273 3,692Hispanic 1,581 1,750 1,801 1,953 504 548 556 601 1,077 1,202 1,245 1,352American Indian/Alaska Native 357 394 400 439 121 124 131 145 236 270 269 294Unknown 35 41 10 52 20 19 1 18 15 22 9 34

Life scientists 37,258 37,842 38,299 39,534 12,706 13,156 13,677 14,512 24,552 24,686 24,622 25,022White 31,110 31,408 31,627 32,454 10,302 10,588 10,953 11,538 20,808 20,820 20,674 20,916Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 2,497 2,625 2,815 3,005 1,026 1,106 1,213 1,311 1,471 1,519 1,602 1,694Black 1,527 1,617 1,659 1,764 690 738 770 841 837 879 889 923Hispanic 1,539 1,583 1,607 1,660 526 553 566 602 1,013 1,030 1,041 1,058American Indian/Alaska Native 546 544 551 549 148 145 158 168 398 399 393 381Unknown 39 65 40 102 14 26 17 52 25 39 23 50

Physical scientists 23,809 23,579 23,695 24,339 5,792 5,819 6,038 6,427 18,017 17,760 17,657 17,912White 20,431 20,154 20,188 20,620 4,608 4,615 4,780 5,068 15,823 15,539 15,408 15,552Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 1,688 1,672 1,732 1,824 520 516 543 575 1,168 1,156 1,189 1,249Black 894 930 948 1,013 407 415 427 467 487 515 521 546Hispanic 642 651 659 690 207 213 223 241 435 438 436 449American Indian/Alaska Native 136 133 133 142 47 47 49 55 89 86 84 87Unknown 18 39 35 50 3 13 16 21 15 26 19 29

Social scientists 24,794 25,774 26,937 28,720 10,568 11,268 12,119 13,163 14,226 14,505 14,818 15,557White 20,027 20,678 21,510 22,859 7,914 8,411 9,030 9,805 12,113 12,266 12,480 13,054Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 857 916 989 1,025 447 474 522 559 410 442 467 466Black 2,570 2,754 2,973 3,220 1,554 1,676 1,831 2,009 1,016 1,078 1,142 1,211Hispanic 1,044 1,124 1,157 1,227 490 537 566 596 554 587 591 631American Indian/Alaska Native 286 284 291 307 159 160 162 167 127 124 129 140

Total Female Male TABLE 9-34. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by race/ethnicity: 2006–09

Wom


ersons with D


ngineering: 2013229

Occupation and race/ethnicity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009Total Female Male

TABLE 9-34. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by race/ethnicity: 2006–09

Unknown 10 18 17 82 4 10 8 27 6 8 9 55

All engineers 85,691 86,300 87,733 92,867 11,715 12,123 12,707 13,782 73,975 74,176 75,025 79,085White 67,253 67,385 68,064 71,781 8,219 8,450 8,766 9,495 59,033 58,934 59,297 62,286Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 9,569 9,682 9,922 10,457 1,487 1,538 1,619 1,710 8,082 8,144 8,303 8,747Black 4,085 4,352 4,653 5,197 1,150 1,255 1,359 1,512 2,935 3,097 3,294 3,685Hispanic 4,145 4,217 4,439 4,728 746 759 842 934 3,399 3,458 3,597 3,794American Indian/Alaska Native 609 601 618 643 106 106 112 123 503 495 506 520Unknown 30 63 37 61 7 15 9 8 23 48 28 53

Aerospace engineers 8,327 8,504 8,820 9,027 1,251 1,313 1,404 1,426 7,076 7,190 7,415 7,601White 6,939 7,037 7,260 7,441 989 1,032 1,094 1,109 5,950 6,004 6,165 6,332Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 615 640 664 682 89 94 104 102 526 546 560 580Black 355 389 424 426 100 113 117 120 255 276 307 306Hispanic 376 397 423 429 61 63 75 83 315 334 348 346American Indian/Alaska Native 40 40 47 47 10 11 13 11 30 29 34 36Unknown 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

Chemical engineers 1,083 1,083 1,112 1,150 296 299 318 342 787 784 794 808White 837 839 859 879 204 208 220 228 633 631 639 651Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 141 135 137 150 49 44 46 54 92 91 91 96Black 49 55 60 62 22 27 30 33 27 28 30 29Hispanic 56 52 54 58 21 18 20 26 35 34 34 32American Indian/Alaska Native 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Unknown 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineers 9,606 9,617 9,679 10,724 1,377 1,440 1,540 1,791 8,229 8,177 8,139 8,933White 7,860 7,838 7,813 8,654 1,045 1,092 1,135 1,329 6,815 6,746 6,678 7,325Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 807 808 833 894 125 131 148 163 682 677 685 731Black 360 385 404 473 107 118 134 153 253 267 270 320Hispanic 445 444 490 548 73 72 94 112 372 372 396 436American Indian/Alaska Native 133 141 138 149 27 27 28 33 106 114 110 116Unknown 1 1 1 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5

Electrical, electronics, and computer engineers 26,627 26,569 26,624 27,458 3,076 3,127 3,162 3,300 23,551 23,442 23,462 24,158White 19,307 19,116 18,975 19,383 1,798 1,810 1,815 1,882 17,509 17,306 17,160 17,501Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 4,202 4,256 4,361 4,558 680 693 719 739 3,522 3,563 3,642 3,819Black 1,490 1,564 1,643 1,794 362 391 395 429 1,128 1,173 1,248 1,365Hispanic 1,468 1,454 1,487 1,560 219 209 213 236 1,249 1,245 1,274 1,324American Indian/Alaska Native 148 140 151 152 14 16 19 13 134 124 132 139Unknown 12 39 7 11 3 8 1 1 9 31 6 10

Industrial engineers 1,615 1,617 1,573 1,703 303 310 323 370 1,312 1,307 1,250 1,333White 1,281 1,278 1,215 1,310 206 214 218 240 1,075 1,064 997 1,070Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 142 134 124 125 33 29 24 25 109 105 100 100Black 108 116 131 159 45 47 52 75 63 69 79 84

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Occupation and race/ethnicity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009Total Female Male

TABLE 9-34. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by race/ethnicity: 2006–09

Hispanic 73 79 88 95 18 19 26 27 55 60 62 68American Indian/Alaska Native 11 9 13 12 1 1 3 3 10 8 10 9Unknown 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2

Mechanical engineers 9,664 9,813 9,964 10,886 859 896 915 1,049 8,805 8,917 9,049 9,837White 7,969 8,088 8,163 8,912 654 686 680 789 7,315 7,402 7,483 8,123Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 948 948 978 1,055 76 77 82 89 872 871 896 966Black 332 352 373 435 65 69 82 91 267 283 291 344Hispanic 370 379 406 438 57 61 66 73 313 318 340 365American Indian/Alaska Native 44 44 42 41 7 3 4 7 37 41 38 34Unknown 1 2 2 5 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 5

Other engineers 28,769 29,097 29,961 31,919 4,553 4,738 5,045 5,504 24,215 24,359 24,916 26,415White 23,060 23,189 23,779 25,202 3,323 3,408 3,604 3,918 19,736 19,781 20,175 21,284Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 2,714 2,761 2,825 2,993 435 470 496 538 2,279 2,291 2,329 2,455Black 1,391 1,491 1,618 1,848 449 490 549 611 942 1,001 1,069 1,237Hispanic 1,357 1,412 1,491 1,600 297 317 348 377 1,060 1,095 1,143 1,223American Indian/Alaska Native 233 226 226 241 47 47 44 55 186 179 182 186Unknown 14 18 22 35 2 6 4 5 12 12 18 30

NOTES: Total includes persons of unknown sex, which are not shown separately. Hispanic may be of any race.


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Occupation 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009

All occupations 215,929 219,383 223,189 235,110 205,675 208,899 212,490 223,713 10,254 10,484 10,699 11,397

All scientists 130,238 133,083 135,456 142,243 123,392 126,039 128,324 134,584 6,846 7,044 7,132 7,659Computer and mathematical scientists 44,377 45,888 46,525 49,650 41,573 42,922 43,494 46,348 2,804 2,966 3,031 3,302Life scientists 37,258 37,842 38,299 39,534 35,643 36,238 36,737 37,896 1,615 1,604 1,562 1,638Physical scientists 23,809 23,579 23,695 24,339 22,846 22,635 22,750 23,302 963 944 945 1,037Social scientists 24,794 25,774 26,937 28,720 23,330 24,244 25,343 27,038 1,464 1,530 1,594 1,682

All engineers 85,691 86,300 87,733 92,867 82,283 82,860 84,166 89,129 3,408 3,440 3,567 3,738Aerospace engineers 8,327 8,504 8,820 9,027 8,022 8,195 8,495 8,698 305 309 325 329Chemical engineers 1,083 1,083 1,112 1,150 1,044 1,040 1,073 1,104 39 43 39 46Civil engineers 9,606 9,617 9,679 10,724 9,197 9,209 9,248 10,262 409 408 431 462Electrical, electronics, and computer engineers 26,627 26,569 26,624 27,458 25,534 25,491 25,525 26,378 1,093 1,078 1,099 1,080Industrial engineers 1,615 1,617 1,573 1,703 1,550 1,548 1,506 1,628 65 69 67 75Mechanical engineers 9,664 9,813 9,964 10,886 9,270 9,420 9,572 10,485 394 393 392 401Other engineers 28,769 29,097 29,961 31,919 27,666 27,957 28,747 30,574 1,103 1,140 1,214 1,345

All federal scientists and engineers Without disability With disabilityTABLE 9-35. Occupations of scientists and engineers employed by the federal government, by disability status: 2006–09


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Sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and primary or secondary work activity 75 and younger Younger than 35 35–44 45–54 55–75

Total 10,204,000 2,512,000 2,960,000 2,818,000 1,913,000Computer applications 1,546,000 430,000 528,000 405,000 184,000Management/administrationa 4,079,000 810,000 1,307,000 1,230,000 732,000Research and development 3,063,000 899,000 908,000 812,000 444,000Teaching 578,000 139,000 169,000 158,000 112,000Other 7,443,000 1,756,000 2,082,000 2,071,000 1,535,000

Female 3,587,000 1,134,000 1,041,000 923,000 489,000

Computer applications 356,000 94,000 117,000 105,000 40,000Management/administrationa 1,184,000 315,000 384,000 339,000 145,000Research and development 796,000 318,000 234,000 177,000 68,000Teaching 366,000 96,000 121,000 96,000 52,000Other 2,913,000 916,000 827,000 748,000 422,000

Male 6,617,000 1,379,000 1,919,000 1,895,000 1,425,000

Computer applications 1,190,000 336,000 411,000 299,000 144,000Management/administrationa 2,895,000 495,000 922,000 891,000 587,000Research and development 2,267,000 582,000 674,000 635,000 376,000Teaching 212,000 43,000 48,000 62,000 60,000Other 4,530,000 841,000 1,255,000 1,322,000 1,112,000

White 7,639,000 1,672,000 2,148,000 2,234,000 1,585,000

Computer applications 1,033,000 241,000 338,000 304,000 150,000Management/administrationa 3,192,000 557,000 998,000 1,008,000 628,000Research and development 2,203,000 559,000 635,000 648,000 362,000Teaching 424,000 103,000 116,000 121,000 84,000Other 5,701,000 1,217,000 1,550,000 1,655,000 1,279,000

Asian 1,311,000 445,000 417,000 284,000 166,000

Computer applications 358,000 139,000 137,000 60,000 21,000Management/administrationa 414,000 121,000 144,000 99,000 49,000Research and development 521,000 209,000 169,000 95,000 48,000Teaching 52,000 9,000 19,000 15,000 9,000Other 772,000 243,000 225,000 184,000 120,000

Black 470,000 127,000 143,000 126,000 74,000


Hispanic 542,000 173,000 183,000 128,000 58,000


American Indian/Alaska Native 36,000 7,000 11,000 12,000 6,000

Computer applications 3,000 1,000 1,000 D DManagement/administrationa 16,000 1,000 7,000 5,000 4,000Research and development 10,000 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000Teaching 3,000 D D D DOther 29,000 5,000 9,000 9,000 5,000

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 44,000 19,000 15,000 6,000 4,000

Computer applications 5,000 3,000 2,000 D DManagement/administrationa

18,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 DResearch and development 12,000 7,000 4,000 1,000 1,000

TABLE 9-36. Primary or secondary work activity of scientists and engineers employed in business or industry, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008


Sex, race/ethnicity, disability status, and primary or secondary work activity 75 and younger Younger than 35 35–44 45–54 55–75

TABLE 9-36. Primary or secondary work activity of scientists and engineers employed in business or industry, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008

Teaching D D D D DOther 34,000 13,000 13,000 5,000 4,000

Multiple race 161,000 70,000 44,000 27,000 20,000

Computer applications 22,000 8,000 6,000 5,000 2,000Management/administrationa 57,000 19,000 19,000 11,000 8,000Research and development 48,000 23,000 11,000 9,000 5,000Teaching 9,000 4,000 * 3,000 2,000Other 124,000 52,000 37,000 19,000 16,000

Without disability 9,561,000 2,449,000 2,856,000 2,577,000 1,680,000

Computer applications 1,456,000 417,000 509,000 367,000 163,000Management/administrationa 3,838,000 791,000 1,259,000 1,140,000 647,000Research and development 2,876,000 877,000 880,000 732,000 386,000Teaching 543,000 135,000 161,000 147,000 99,000Other 6,955,000 1,713,000 2,008,000 1,888,000 1,346,000

With disability 643,000 64,000 105,000 241,000 233,000



a Includes respondents who reported the following work activities: accounting, finance or contracts, employee relations, quality or productivity management, sales and marketing, or managing and supervising.

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Sum of primary/secondary work activity categories exceeds total because of multiple response. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.



Sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status All occupations

All managers

All S&E managers

Computer and information

systems managers

Engineering managers

Medical and health services

managers

Natural sciences

managers All non-S&E

managers

Top-level managers, executives,

administrators Education

administrators

Other mid-level

managers Non-

managers

Total 10,204,000 1,108,000 314,000 129,000 132,000 38,000 14,000 795,000 589,000 D 205,000 9,095,000

Female 3,587,000 206,000 63,000 26,000 8,000 26,000 4,000 143,000 87,000 D 56,000 3,381,000Male 6,617,000 902,000 250,000 104,000 125,000 11,000 11,000 652,000 502,000 D 149,000 5,715,000

White 7,639,000 900,000 239,000 93,000 107,000 28,000 12,000 661,000 488,000 D 172,000 6,738,000Asian 1,311,000 97,000 38,000 20,000 12,000 4,000 1,000 59,000 47,000 D 12,000 1,214,000Black 470,000 36,000 14,000 7,000 3,000 3,000 * 23,000 14,000 D 8,000 434,000Hispanic 542,000 54,000 16,000 6,000 9,000 1,000 * 38,000 28,000 D 10,000 488,000American Indian/Alaska Native 36,000 5,000 2,000 D D D D 3,000 3,000 D D 32,000Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 44,000 5,000 D D D D D 3,000 3,000 D D 39,000Multiple race 161,000 10,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 D D 8,000 7,000 D 1,000 151,000

Without disability 9,561,000 1,044,000 297,000 122,000 127,000 34,000 14,000 748,000 556,000 D 191,000 8,517,000With disability 643,000 64,000 17,000 8,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 47,000 32,000 D 14,000 579,000


TABLE 9-37. Scientists and engineers employed in business or industry, by managerial occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2008

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

S&E managers Non-S&E managers



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Demographic characteristic Both sexes Female Male

Employed scientists and engineers (number) 19,244,000 8,561,000 10,683,000

Age 29 and younger 12.1 15.2 9.630–39 25.3 26.4 24.340–49 27.5 27.1 27.850–75 35.2 31.3 38.3

Race/ethnicity

White 75.6 73.7 77.2Asian 10.6 9.9 11.1Black 5.8 7.6 4.3Hispanic 5.6 6.1 5.1American Indian/Alaska Native 0.4 0.4 0.4Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0.4 0.4 0.4Multiple race 1.6 1.9 1.4

Disability status

Without disability 92.9 93.7 92.2With disability 7.1 6.3 7.8

Marital status

Married 75.6 69.3 80.7Widowed 1.0 1.6 0.5Separated 1.2 1.5 0.9Divorced 6.6 9.0 4.7Never married 15.6 18.6 13.1

If married, spouse's employment status

Employed 77.1 88.5 69.3Full time 62.0 81.8 48.4Part time 15.1 6.7 20.9

Not employed 22.9 11.5 30.7

If spouse is employed, field in which spouse's job required a bachelor's Engineering, computer science, math, or natural sciences 24.8 31.7 18.7Social sciences 13.8 10.8 16.3Other 40.1 34.4 45.2

Children living in household

No 50.3 52.5 48.5Yes 49.7 47.5 51.5

Citizenship

U.S. citizen 95.7 96.8 94.9Native 84.1 85.5 82.9Naturalized 11.7 11.3 12.0

Non-U.S. citizen 4.3 3.2 5.1

Permanent resident 3.1 2.5 3.6Temporary resident 1.2 0.8 1.5

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.


(Percent distribution)TABLE 9-38. Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by sex: 2008


Sex and demographic characteristicAll races/

ethnicities White Asian Black HispanicAmerican Indian/

Alaska Native

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific

IslanderMultiple

race

All employed scientists and engineers (number) 19,244,000 14,555,000 2,038,000 1,107,000 1,074,000 77,000 79,000 314,000Age

29 and younger 12.1 11.0 16.3 11.7 15.5 9.1 20.3 25.530–39 25.3 23.5 32.8 26.3 31.6 18.2 39.2 30.340–49 27.5 27.4 27.4 29.4 29.2 32.5 20.3 21.050–75 35.2 38.2 23.5 32.6 23.7 41.6 19.0 23.2

Disability status

Without disability 92.9 93.0 92.7 92.4 92.4 87.0 96.3 92.0With disability 7.1 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.6 13.0 3.8 8.0

Marital status

Married 75.6 77.8 73.7 59.0 70.3 80.5 68.4 65.9Widowed 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.1 D D 1.1Separated 1.2 1.1 0.8 2.6 1.9 1.3 D 0.6Divorced 6.6 6.7 3.5 11.1 7.3 3.9 8.9 7.0Never married 15.6 13.5 21.2 25.7 19.6 13.0 22.8 25.2


Employed 77.1 77.2 74.1 80.4 78.1 79.0 75.9 76.8Full time 62.0 61.0 63.3 70.9 65.4 69.4 63.0 63.8Part time 15.1 16.3 10.8 9.5 12.6 8.1 13.0 12.6

Not employed 22.9 22.8 25.9 19.6 21.9 21.0 24.1 23.7

If spouse is employed, field in which spouse's job required a bachelor's Engineering, computer science, math, or natural sciences 24.8 22.4 45.2 23.0 23.4 22.4 19.5 24.5Social sciences 13.8 13.6 10.7 17.9 16.8 14.4 17.1 17.0Other 40.1 40.7 36.6 39.7 40.7 28.6 39.0 40.3


No 50.3 51.2 46.5 47.0 45.4 44.2 49.4 60.5Yes 49.7 48.8 53.5 53.0 54.7 55.8 49.4 39.5

Citizenship

U.S. citizen 95.7 98.2 78.7 96.7 92.6 100.0 92.4 98.4Native 84.1 94.1 19.8 84.9 67.2 98.7 59.5 92.7Naturalized 11.7 4.1 58.9 11.8 25.4 D 32.9 5.7

Non-U.S. citizen 4.3 1.8 21.3 3.3 7.4 D 7.6 1.6Permanent resident 3.1 1.5 13.3 2.6 6.3 D 6.3 1.3Temporary resident 1.2 0.3 8.0 0.7 1.1 D 1.3 0.3

Female 8,561,000 6,306,000 850,000 650,000 525,000 37,000 30,000 162,000

Age 29 and younger 15.2 14.4 17.4 13.5 19.0 10.8 30.0 29.630–39 26.4 25.1 31.8 27.2 31.0 16.2 40.0 32.1

TABLE 9-39. Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2008

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Alaska Native


IslanderMultiple

race


40–49 27.1 26.7 29.5 29.4 27.2 35.1 10.0 19.150–75 31.3 33.8 21.3 29.8 22.5 37.8 23.3 19.8

Disability status


Marital status

Married 69.3 71.8 69.8 49.5 65.5 73.0 60.0 61.1Widowed 1.6 1.6 1.2 2.2 1.9 D D *Separated 1.5 1.3 1.3 3.4 2.5 D D 0.6Divorced 9.0 9.0 5.5 13.8 8.6 2.7 D 9.3Never married 18.6 16.2 22.2 31.0 21.5 18.9 33.0 29.0


Employed 88.5 89.1 87.9 82.0 89.0 88.9 88.9 82.8Full time 81.8 82.1 82.6 75.8 82.9 85.2 83.3 75.8Part time 6.7 7.0 5.2 6.2 5.8 * D 7.1

Not employed 11.5 10.9 12.0 18.3 11.3 11.1 11.1 17.2

If spouse is employed, field in which spouse's job required a bachelor's Engineering, computer science, math, or natural sciences 31.7 29.3 55.3 26.1 26.8 29.2 31.3 31.7Social sciences 10.8 10.8 8.6 14.0 11.4 12.5 6.3 12.2Other 34.4 35.4 29.6 29.2 34.6 20.8 31.3 32.9


No 52.5 53.7 48.1 48.9 47.4 40.5 56.7 63.3Yes 47.5 46.3 51.9 51.1 52.4 62.2 43.3 37.0

Citizenship


Non-U.S. citizen 3.2 1.4 16.9 2.2 4.6 D D 0.6Permanent resident 2.5 1.2 11.4 1.8 4.0 D D 0.6Temporary resident 0.8 0.2 5.5 0.3 0.6 D D D

Male 10,683,000 8,248,000 1,188,000 457,000 549,000 40,000 48,000 152,000

Age 29 and younger 9.6 8.4 15.6 9.0 12.2 7.5 14.6 21.130–39 24.3 22.3 33.6 24.9 32.1 20.0 39.6 28.940–49 27.8 27.8 25.8 29.8 31.0 30.0 27.1 23.050–75 38.3 41.5 25.1 36.3 25.0 42.5 18.8 27.0

Disability status


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Alaska Native


IslanderMultiple

race


Marital status

Married 80.7 82.3 76.7 72.4 74.9 87.5 75.0 71.1Widowed 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.4 D D 2.0Separated 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.5 1.3 D D 0.7Divorced 4.7 4.9 2.0 7.2 5.8 5.0 10.4 5.3Never married 13.1 11.3 20.5 18.2 17.7 5.0 16.7 21.1


Employed 69.3 69.3 65.1 79.2 69.1 71.4 72.2 70.4Full time 48.4 46.9 50.6 66.5 50.9 57.1 52.8 52.8Part time 20.9 22.4 14.4 12.7 18.2 14.3 19.4 17.6

Not employed 30.7 30.7 34.9 20.8 30.9 28.6 27.8 29.6

If spouse is employed, field in which spouse's job required a bachelor's

Engineering, computer science, math, or natural sciences 18.7 16.5 36.4 19.8 19.5 20.0 11.5 17.1Social sciences 16.3 16.0 12.5 21.4 22.5 12.0 23.1 22.4Other 45.2 45.1 42.8 50.4 46.8 36.0 42.3 48.7


No 48.5 49.4 45.3 44.2 43.4 47.5 45.8 57.9Yes 51.5 50.7 54.8 55.8 56.6 52.5 56.3 42.8

Citizenship


Non-U.S. citizen 5.1 2.0 24.4 5.0 10.0 D 10.4 2.6Permanent resident 3.6 1.7 14.6 3.7 8.6 D 8.3 2.0Temporary resident 1.5 0.3 9.8 1.3 1.5 D 2.1 0.7

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.



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Demographic characteristic Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male

Employed scientists and engineers (number) 19,244,000 8,561,000 10,683,000 17,876,000 8,021,000 9,854,000 1,369,000 540,000 829,000

Age 29 and younger 12.1 15.2 9.6 12.7 15.8 10.1 4.9 6.9 3.630–39 25.3 26.4 24.3 26.5 27.5 25.7 9.4 11.1 8.340–49 27.5 27.1 27.8 27.3 26.7 27.9 29.1 32.4 27.050–75 35.2 31.3 38.3 33.5 30.1 36.4 56.5 49.4 61.2

Race/ethnicity

White 75.6 73.7 77.2 75.7 74.0 77.2 74.2 69.1 77.7Asian 10.6 9.9 11.1 10.6 9.9 11.1 10.8 10.7 10.9Black 5.8 7.6 4.3 5.7 7.4 4.3 6.2 10.0 3.7Hispanic 5.6 6.1 5.1 5.5 6.0 5.2 6.0 7.6 4.9American Indian/Alaska Native 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.6Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2Multiple race 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.9

Disability status

Without disability 92.9 93.7 92.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 D D DWith disability 7.1 6.3 7.8 D D D 100.0 100.0 100.0

Marital status

Married 75.6 69.3 80.7 75.7 69.6 80.7 74.9 65.4 81.2Widowed 1.0 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.7 2.4 1.2Separated 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.6 2.6 1.0Divorced 6.6 9.0 4.7 6.4 8.6 4.6 9.9 14.6 6.8Never married 15.6 18.6 13.1 15.8 18.9 13.4 11.9 15.0 9.9


Employed 77.1 88.5 69.3 77.3 88.8 69.2 74.8 83.5 70.0Full time 62.0 81.8 48.4 62.2 82.2 48.1 59.2 73.9 51.4Part time 15.1 6.7 20.9 15.1 6.5 21.1 15.6 9.6 18.6

Not employed 22.9 11.5 30.7 22.7 11.2 30.8 25.3 16.1 30.0

If spouse is employed, field in which spouse's job required a bachelor's

Engineering, computer science, math, or natural sciences 24.8 31.7 18.7 25.0 31.7 18.9 22.2 31.4 16.5Social sciences 13.8 10.8 16.3 13.7 10.7 16.4 14.9 13.2 16.0Other 40.1 34.4 45.2 40.2 34.3 45.5 39.3 35.2 41.9

Children living in household No 50.3 52.5 48.5 50.0 52.4 48.1 54.1 55.4 53.3Yes 49.7 47.5 51.5 50.0 47.6 52.0 45.9 44.6 46.7

Total Without disability With disability

TABLE 9-40. Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by disability status and sex: 2008(Percent distribution)

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Demographic characteristic Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female Male Both sexes Female MaleTotal Without disability With disability

TABLE 9-40. Demographic characteristics of employed scientists and engineers, by disability status and sex: 2008(Percent distribution)

Citizenship U.S. citizen 95.7 96.8 94.9 95.7 96.8 94.7 96.5 96.2 96.7

Native 84.1 85.5 82.9 84.1 85.7 82.9 82.9 82.6 83.2Naturalized 11.7 11.3 12.0 11.5 11.1 11.9 13.6 13.6 13.5

Non-U.S. citizen 4.3 3.2 5.1 4.3 3.2 5.3 3.4 3.8 3.3Permanent resident 3.1 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.4 3.7 2.8 3.0 2.8Temporary resident 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.5



NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For disability status, those who reported any difficulty (from moderate to unable to do) in any category of seeing (with glasses/contact lenses), hearing (with hearing aid), walking, or lifting are classified as "with disability." Scientists and engineers refer to all persons with bachelor's or higher degree in science and engineering (S&E) or S&E-related fields, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians, blacks, Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, whites, and persons reporting multiple race refer to individuals who are not of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

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Technical Notes

The data in this report come from surveys conducted by the National Science Foundation (NSF), other

federal agencies, and nonfederal organizations. Users should take great care when comparing survey

data from these different sources. Differences in definitions, survey procedures, and phrasing of

questions, among other things, make these data less than strictly comparable. Efforts have been made to

maintain consistency throughout these tables, but it has sometimes been necessary, for accuracy, to use

distinct terminology that does not match that used in other tables.

Reporting Categories

Racial/Ethnic Information

The collection and reporting of race/ethnicity data pose several problems. First, both the naming of

population subgroups and their definitions have changed over time. Second, many of the groups of

particular interest are quite small, so it is difficult to measure them accurately without surveys of the entire

population of interest. In some instances, sample surveys may not have had sufficient sample size to

permit the calculation of reliable racial/ethnic population estimates for all groups; consequently, data are

not shown for some groups. The U.S. Bureau of the Census's Current Population Survey, for example,

cannot provide data on American Indians. Third, data on race/ethnicity are often based on self-

identification. These data are less reliable for some racial/ethnic groups than for others (U.S. Bureau of

Labor Statistics 1995). Fourth, it is easy to overlook or minimize heterogeneity within subgroups when

only a single statistic is reported for a total racial/ethnic group.

OMB Categories and Guidelines

In October 1997 the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced new government-wide

standards for the collection of data on race and ethnicity

(http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards/) effective 1 January 2003. OMB specified the

following categories and definitions of racial/ethnic groups:


• Black or African American: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.

• American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North

and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community

attachment.

• Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or

the Indian subcontinent; for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan,

the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.

• Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples

of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands.

• White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North

Africa.

• Hispanic or Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or

other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.

• More than one race reported: A person reporting two or more of the racial/ethnic categories listed

above.

Previously, racial/ethnic groups were identified as white, black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and

American Indian or Alaskan Native. Because data on undergraduate enrollment and degree data were

still collected under the old standards through 2008, the racial/ethnic groups described in those tables are

designated by the old categories. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) changed

race/ethnicity reporting in fall 2008 for completions/degrees and enrollments data. However, for the

completions/degrees data, reporting in the new categories was optional through the 2010–11 data

collection cycle; it will become mandatory for the 2011–12 data collection (i.e., 2011 data). For the fall

enrollment data, reporting in the new categories was optional through the 2009–10 data collection cycle

and became mandatory for the 2010–11 data collection (i.e., 2010 data). For more information, see

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/reic/resource.asp. Similarly, because few schools collected racial/ethnic data

according to the new standards and few reported graduate enrollment according to the new standards,

the racial/ethnic groups described in the graduate enrollment tables are designated by the old categories

(see below for more detailed information). NCES and graduate enrollment data by race/ethnicity in this

report refer to U.S. citizens and permanent residents only.


Minority-Serving Institutions

High-Hispanic-enrollment institutions are nonprofit public and private institutions of higher education

whose full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment of undergraduate students is at least 25% Hispanic,

according to enrollment data that institutions reported to the fall 2006 Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS) survey. (This survey is conducted by the National Center for Education

Statistics [NCES]). NCES determined FTE enrollment by estimating that approximately three part-time

students are equivalent to one full-time student. Because IPEDS does not collect part-time credit hour

information, the FTE numbers are only an approximation. The list includes only nonprofit public and

private institutions of higher education.

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions listed by the White House Initiative on

Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, defines an

HBCU as "any historically black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal

mission was, and is, the education of black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized

accrediting agency or association determined by the Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as

to the quality of training offered or is, according to such an agency or association, making reasonable

progress toward accreditation."

Tribal colleges are colleges that are members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium and

that are included as tribal colleges in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education’s

2005 basic classification scheme. See http://www.aihec.org/colleges/TCUroster.cfm and

http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/standard.php.

Information about People with Disabilities

For several reasons, data are seriously limited on people with disabilities who study or work in science

and engineering (S&E). First, the operational definitions of disability vary, can include a wide range of

physical and mental conditions, and may not be comparable. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

(ADA) encouraged progress toward standard definitions. Under ADA, an individual is considered to have

a disability if he or she has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of his or


her major life activities, has a record of such impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment.

ADA also contains definitions of specific disabilities.

Second, data on disabilities frequently are not included in comprehensive institutional records (e.g., in

registrars' records in institutions of higher education). If included at all, such data may be kept only in

confidential files at an office responsible for providing special services to students. Institutions of higher

education are unlikely to have information regarding students with disabilities who have not requested

special services related to their disabilities from the institutions. In elementary/secondary school programs

receiving funds to provide special education, however, statistics on all students identified as having

special needs are centrally available.

Third, information about people with disabilities that is gathered from surveys is often obtained from self-

reported responses. Typically, respondents are asked to state whether they have a disability and to

specify what kind of disability it is. Resulting data therefore reflect individual perceptions rather than

standard judgments using consistent criteria.

Variation in estimates of the proportion of the undergraduate student population with disabilities is

evidence of the limitations of these data. Self-reported data on the undergraduate student population,

collected through a survey to ascertain patterns of student financial aid, suggest that about 10% of this

population have some disability. Estimates from population surveys of higher education institutions, in

contrast, place the estimate much lower, between 1% and 5%. Whether this discrepancy is the result of

self-perception, incomplete reporting, disabilities that are not evident, or differing definitions is difficult to

ascertain.

In the final analysis, although considerable information is available about individuals with disabilities in the

educational system and in the S&E workforce, it is often impossible to compare estimates from different

sources.

Several sources of data on people with disabilities are cited here. They include the National

Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) conducted by the Department of Education's National Center

for Education Statistics (NCES); the NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED); and the NSF Scientists

and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT). These sources are described in more detail later in this

appendix; the following is a brief description of how each source treats the issue of disability.


• NPSAS (2008) asked students whether they had any long-lasting condition (6 months or more)

"such as blindness, deafness, or a severe vision or hearing impairment" or "that substantially

limits one or more basic physical activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or

carrying" or "any other physical, mental, emotional, or learning condition that has lasted 6 months

or more."

• Prior to 2010, SED asked if the respondent has a disability then asks the respondent to mark

which of the following categories describe the disability or disabilities: blind/visually impaired,

deaf/hard of hearing, physical/orthopedic disability, learning/cognitive disability, vocal/speech

disability, other disability. In 2010, the questions about disability were revised and respondents

were asked to mark whether or not they had each of the disabilities listed above.

• The SESTAT surveys ask the degree of difficulty—none, slight, moderate, severe, or unable to

do—an individual has in seeing (with glasses or contact lenses); hearing (with hearing aid),

walking without assistance; lifting 10 pounds or more; or concentrating, remembering, or making

decisions. Those respondents who answered "moderate," "severe," or "unable to do" for any

activity are classified as having a disability.

Primary Data Sources

Data from several sources are presented here. This section provides summary descriptions of major

sources and information about the location of more detailed survey descriptions.

Primary NSF Sources

The following sources from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) division

of NSF were used for data tables in this publication. Published data tables from these surveys can be

accessed on the NCSES website at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/. In addition, researchers may access

data directly from the Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) or the WebCASPAR

database system, which also can be accessed from the NCSES website.

Survey of Earned Doctorates

The SED has been conducted annually since 1957 for NSF, the U.S. Department of Education, the

National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This survey is of all recipients of research


doctoral degrees from U.S. institutions. SED data are restricted to research doctorates, such as the

doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of science (DSc); it excludes the recipients of professional degrees,

such as the juris doctor (JD) or doctor of medicine (MD).

Data for the SED are collected directly from individual doctorate recipients contacted through graduate

deans at all U.S. universities awarding research doctorates. The recipients are asked to provide

information about the fields and specialties of their degrees as well as their personal educational

histories, selected demographic data, and information about their postgraduate work and study plans.

Since the survey’s inception, more than 90% of the annual cohort of doctorate recipients has responded

to the questionnaire every year except two (1973 and 1974).

Partial data from public sources, such as field of study, are added to the file for nonrespondents. No other

adjustments for nonresponse are made, however, if data are not available elsewhere (e.g., race/ethnicity

information). The data for a given year include all doctorates awarded in the 12-month period ending on

30 June of that year. Information about the SED can be found at

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/.

Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

The data collected in the Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

(GSS) represent national estimates of graduate enrollment and postdoctoral employment (postdocs) at

the beginning of the academic year in all academic institutions in the United States that offer doctoral or

master's degree programs in any S&E or health field. Included are data for all branch campuses; affiliated

research centers; and separately organized components, such as medical or dental schools, schools of

nursing, and schools of public health. The survey population consists of approximately 570 graduate

institutions. Data are collected separately for each eligible organizational unit (academic department or

program, research center, or health facility).

Approximately 99% of institutions and units respond to the survey. Missing data for nonrespondent units

are imputed using prior years’ data, where available, or data provided by similar units at a peer institution.

The tables in this report present only 2010 data. In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded

and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/ for more information). As a result, it is unclear how much of


the increase reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from

improved data collection.

In 2007, GSS-eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was

redesigned to improve coverage and coding of GSS-eligible units. Communication as well as family and

consumer science/human science were added to the survey as science fields.

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, which may have been reported under other fields, was also

added as a separate science field. Architecture, which had previously been reported under civil

engineering, was reclassified as a separate engineering field. Neuroscience, which had previously been

reported under health field “neurology,” was reclassified as a science field. Survey respondents were also

asked to review and update each organizational unit’s assigned field of study. As a result, after 2006,

survey respondents changed the field assignment of students in some units from those made in previous

years.

Due to these methodological changes, the data collected in 2007–10 are not strictly comparable to those

collected before 2007. As a result, care should be used when assessing trends within the GSS data.

In 1999, the survey presented respondents with new race/ethnicity categories:

• The "Asian or Pacific Islander" category used in previous years' surveys became two categories:

"Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander."

• The categories "more than one race Hispanic or Latino" and "more than one race that is not

Hispanic or Latino" were added. (In 2008, the Hispanic or Latino category was changed to specify

one or more races).

• The "other" category included in previous years' surveys was removed.

These changes are not reflected in the tables in this report. Currently, fewer than 8% of the units report

data in any of the new categories. For the tables in this report, as in other publications using these data,

the data reported in the new categories are classified into the previous survey categories. The data are

combined for the tables as follows: the "Asian" category and the "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander" category form the "Asian or Pacific Islander" category; the "one race only Hispanic/Latino"

category and the "more than one race Hispanic or Latino" category form the "Hispanic" category; and the

"more than one race that is not Hispanic or Latino" category and the "ethnicity/race unknown" category


form the "other or unknown" category. Reporting of race/ethnicity in 2008–10 GSS has been affected by

changes in reporting of race/ethnicity in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).

Starting in 2008, IPEDS respondents were asked to use a new race/ethnicity classification that included a

category for two or more races (see http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/reic/resource.asp) and separate reporting of

Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders from Asians. New classification was optional in 2008 and

2009 IPEDS Fall Enrollments but mandatory in 2010 and may have contributed to significant increase in

GSS reporting of "More than one race," not Hispanic or Latino.

Information about GSS can be found at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/.

SESTAT Data System

The SESTAT data system integrates data from three NCSES surveys—the Survey of Doctorate

Recipients (SDR), the National Survey of College Graduates, and the National Survey of Recent College

Graduates (NSRCG). The integration of the SESTAT surveys requires complementary samples, target

populations, and reference periods; matching survey questions, procedures, and field definitions; and

weighting adjustments for overlapping populations.

The surveys provide data on educational background, employment status, occupation, and demographic

characteristics. These surveys are of individuals and currently combine to include over 112,000

respondents representing a population of about 26.9 million scientists and engineers, including people

trained in S&E or S&E-related fields or working in S&E or S&E-related occupations. Each of the three

surveys that contribute to the SESTAT data system collects new data every 2 years.

SESTAT defines scientists and engineers as residents of the United States, Puerto Rico, or another U.S.

territory with a baccalaureate degree or higher who, as of the study's reference week of 1 October 2010,

were not institutionalized, were age 75 or younger, and were either educated as or working as a scientist

or engineer. A baccalaureate or higher degree is a bachelor's, master's, doctoral, or professional degree.

To meet the scientist or engineer definition, the U.S. resident had to (1) have at least one baccalaureate

or higher degree in an S&E or S&E-related field or (2) as of 1 October 2010, have a baccalaureate or

higher degree in a non-S&E field but work in an S&E or S&E-related occupation. Some elements of

SESTAT's desired target population were not included within the target populations of any of the three

SESTAT component surveys. S&E or S&E-related personnel missing from the survey frames in 2010 are


primarily foreign-educated scientists and engineers who came to the United States after 1 January 2009

and people with non-S&E degrees who took S&E or S&E-related jobs after 1 October 2010.

SESTAT classifies the following broad categories as S&E occupations: computer and mathematical

scientists, life and related scientists, physical and related scientists, social and related scientists, and

engineers. Postsecondary teachers are included within each of these groups. The following are

considered S&E-related occupations: health and related occupations; S&E managers; S&E precollege

teachers; S&E technicians and technologists, including computer programmers; and other S&E-related

occupations, such as architects and actuaries. All other occupations are non-S&E occupations. Among

the largest are non-S&E managers; non-S&E teachers; social services and related occupations; and

sales and marketing occupations. Information on SESTAT can be found at

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/sestat/.

Data from two of the SESTAT surveys, the SDR and the NSRCG, are also presented separately in this

report. The sample for the 2010 SDR included individuals living in the United States, Puerto Rico or

another U.S. territory on 1 October 2010 who had earned a research doctoral degree from a U.S. college

or university in a science, engineering, or health field through 30 June 2009 and were younger than age

76. For those earning their degree prior to 2001, the sampling frame included all U.S. citizens along with

non-U.S. citizens who planned to remain in the U.S. after receiving their doctoral degree. For those

earning their degree in 2001 or later, the sampling frame included all doctorates regardless of their plans

to remain in the U.S. or to go abroad. The total sample size for the 2010 SDR was 45,697. The weighted

response rate was 80% and included 31,462 respondents who were living in the United States, Puerto

Rico or another U.S. territory on 1 October 2010.

The sample for the 2010 NSRCG included individuals living in the United States, Puerto Rico or another

U.S. territory on 1 October 2010 who had earned a bachelor's or master's degree from a U.S. college or

university in a science, engineering, or health field between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2009 and were

younger than age 76. In 2010 the NSRCG sample size was 18,000. The overall weighted response rate

was 70% and included 12,326 respondents who were living in the United States, Puerto Rico or another

U.S. territory on 1 October 2010.


Primary Non-NSF Sources

The following non-NSF sources were used for data tables in this report.

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Survey: Fall Enrollment, Completions, and

Institutional Characteristics

National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education (http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds)

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Survey began in 1986 as a supplement

to and replacement for the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), which began in 1966.

HEGIS annually surveyed institutions listed in the current NCES Education Directory of Colleges and

Universities; IPEDS surveys all postsecondary institutions, including universities and colleges and the

institutions that offer technical and vocational education. The completion of all IPEDS surveys is

mandatory for all institutions that participate in or are applicants for participation in any federal financial

assistance program authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. IPEDS

comprises several integrated component surveys. These surveys obtain information about types of

institutions where postsecondary education is available, student participants, fall enrollments, programs

offered and completed, graduation rates, and the human and financial resources involved in the delivery

of postsecondary education. Descriptions of these surveys follow.

IPEDS Fall Enrollment Survey. This survey replaces and extends the previous HEGIS surveys of

enrollment in institutions of higher education.

IPEDS Completions Survey. This survey replaces and extends the HEGIS Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred Survey. It is administered to all institutions offering degrees at the bachelor's degree

level and above, 2-year institutions, and less-than-2-year institutions.

NCES changed degree-level categories in the IPEDS Completions Survey in fall 2008, but reporting in

the new categories was optional for 2008 and 2009 data. Reporting in the new degree-level categories

was mandatory for the 2010–11 (2010 data) IPEDS Completions collection. Before 2008 the post-

baccalaureate degree categories were “master’s,” “first professional,” and “doctor’s.” With the 2008

changes, the category “first professional” degree is no longer used. Programs and awards in that

category (e.g., medicine, law, pharmacy, theology) are now reclassified as either master’s degrees or as


one of three types of doctor’s degrees: doctor’s–research/scholarship, doctor’s–professional practice, or

doctor’s–other. Numbers reported here for 2008 and 2009 doctoral degrees combine doctor’s degrees

reported by institutions using the pre-2008 reporting categories and doctor’s–research/scholarship

degrees reported by institutions using the 2008 reporting categories. Data for 2010 include only

doctorates reported as doctor’s–research/scholarship.

Through 1995, IPEDS reports were concerned primarily with the subset of postsecondary institutions that

were accredited at the college level by an agency recognized by the Secretary, U.S. Department of

Education. The Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering report

presented degree counts from this same subset of institutions. Beginning with 1996 data, NCES

categorized the postsecondary institutional universe on the basis of degree-granting status as well as

eligibility for Title IV federal financial aid (based on a list of eligible institutions maintained by the

Department of Education's Office of Postsecondary Education). This change expanded the types of

institutions whose data appear in NCES reports to include for-profit and online institutions. NCSES chose

to retain the earlier, less inclusive institutional coverage criterion for the data in the Women, Minorities,

and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering report. As a result, beginning with the 1996

edition, the degree counts presented in the Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science

and Engineering report diverged from the degree counts reported by IPEDS. Beginning in 2009, the

Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering report adopted the more

inclusive institutional coverage of the IPEDS reports, and the degree counts from 2000 forward are now

based on the larger set of institutions. Thus, data for 2000 and later are based on degree-granting

institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match data published

before 2009 that were based on accredited higher education institutions.

The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study

National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education (http://nces.ed.gov/npsas)

The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) was established by NCES to collect information

about financial aid allocated to students enrolled in U.S. postsecondary institutions. NPSAS was first

administered in the fall of the 1986–87 academic year. NCES conducted subsequent cycles of NPSAS

during the 1989–90, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007−08 academic years.


The 2007–08 survey gathered information from about 127,700 undergraduate and graduate students

selected from registrars' lists of enrollees at more than 1,900 postsecondary institutions. Student

information, such as field of study, educational level, and attendance status (part time or full time), was

obtained from registrars' records. Types and amounts of financial aid and family financial characteristics

were abstracted from school financial aid records. Data pertaining to family circumstances, background

demographic characteristics, educational and work experiences, and expectations were collected from

students using self-administered or interviewer-administered, Web-based interviews. The weighted

response rate was 96%.

Current Population Survey

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor (http://www.bls.gov/cps/)

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly household survey conducted by the U.S. Census

Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It provides data on employment and unemployment by age,

sex, race, and a variety of other characteristics. CPS surveys approximately 60,000 households through

personal and telephone interviews. Basic labor-force data are gathered monthly; data on special topics

are gathered in periodic supplements. Consecutive monthly estimates are often averaged to produce

quarterly or annual average estimates. Monthly response rates are generally above 90%.

Survey of Engineering and Technology Enrollments and Survey of Engineering and Technology

Degrees

Engineering Workforce Commission, American Association of Engineering Societies (http://www.ewc-

online.org/)

The Engineering Workforce Commission (EWC) annually conducts surveys of engineering and

engineering technologies enrollments and degrees conferred in more than 600 institutions, including all of

those with curricula approved by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). EWC

counts the number of students studying for engineering degrees at all ABET-accredited engineering

schools throughout the United States and also some schools that are not ABET-accredited for a variety of

reasons unique to each school (e.g., some schools are in the process of obtaining ABET accreditation;

others have simply asked to be included in the survey.) The fall 2008 enrollments survey obtained

responses from about 85% of the schools. Data for nonrespondent schools were imputed.


Sampling and Nonsampling Errors

The data from all of the sources used for this report are subject to error. Survey accuracy is determined

by the joint effects of sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors arise because estimates based

on a sample differ from figures that would have been obtained if a complete population had been

surveyed. The sample selected for any particular survey is only one of a large number of possible

samples of the same size and design that could have been selected. Even if all other aspects of the

survey remained fixed, such as the questionnaire and instructions, the estimates from each sample would

differ. This variability, termed sampling error, occurs by chance and is measured by the standard error

associated with a particular estimate.

The standard error of a sample survey estimate measures the precision with which an estimate from one

sample approximates the true population value, and it can be used to construct a confidence interval for a

survey parameter to assess the accuracy of the estimate. See http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/sestat/ for

more information about data from SESTAT, http://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm for Current

Population Survey design and methodology, and http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009166.pdf for

information on standard errors for NPSAS data.

Nonsampling errors can arise from design, reporting, and processing errors as well as from errors due to

nonresponses or faulty responses. Nonsampling errors include respondent-based events, such as some

respondents interpreting questions differently from other respondents, respondents making estimates

rather than giving actual data, and respondents being unable or unwilling to provide complete, correct

information. Errors can also arise during the processing of responses, such as during recording and

keying. Nonsampling errors are difficult to measure and estimates of nonsampling errors are not available

for data in this report.

Reference

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1995. A Test of Methods for Collecting Racial and Ethnic Information.

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. Available at http://stats.bls.gov/news.release/ethnic.toc.htm.


Additional Resources

Related Reports from NSF

K–12 Education

Chapter 1 Science and Engineering Indicators: 2012. NSB 12-01. Arlington, VA, 2012. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/c1/c1h.htm.

Graduate Enrollment


Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/.

Graduate Enrollment in Science and Engineering Grew Substantially in the Past Decade but Slowed in 2010. NSF 12-317. Arlington, VA, 2012. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf12317/.

Two Decades of Increasing Diversity More than Doubled the Number of Minority Graduate Students in Science and Engineering. NSF 11-319. Arlington, VA, 2010. Available at http://nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11319/.

Modes of Financial Support in the Graduate Education of Science and Engineering Doctorate Recipients. NSF 00-319. Arlington, VA, 2000. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf00319/.

Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees


Community Colleges: Playing an Important Role in the Education of Science, Engineering, and Health Graduates. NSF 11-317. Arlington, VA, 2011. Available at http://nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11317/.

Number of Doctorates Awarded in 2010 Declined. NSF 12-303. Arlington, VA, 2012. Available at http://nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf12303/.

Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2011. NSF13-301. Arlington, VA, 2012 Available at http://nsf.gov/statistics/sed/.


http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/resources.cfm#related

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/resources.cfm#related

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind10/c1/c1h.htm


http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf12317/

http://nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11319/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf00319/




http://nsf.gov/statistics/sed/


http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/degrees/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/degreerecipients/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

Role of HBCUs as Baccalaureate-Origin Institutions of Black S&E Doctorate Recipients. NSF 08-319. Arlington, VA, 2008. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08319/.

Science and Engineering Degrees. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/degrees/.

Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/degreerecipients/.

Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/.

U.S. Doctorates in the 20th Century. NSF 06-319. Arlington, VA, 2006. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06319/.

Employment


Characteristics of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctoratework/.

Characteristics of Recent College Graduates. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/recentgrads/.

Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/us-workforce/.

Diversity in the Federal Science and Engineering Workforce. NSF 11-303. Arlington, VA, 2011. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11303/.

Diversity in Science and Engineering Employment in Industry. NSF 12-311. Arlington, VA, 2011. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf12311/.

Racial and Ethnic Diversity among U.S.-Educated Science, Engineering, and Health Doctorate Recipients: Methods of Reporting Diversity. NSF 12-304. Arlington, VA, 2012. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf12304/.

Academic Institutions of Minority Faculty with Science, Engineering, and Health Doctorates. NSF 11-320. Arlington, VA, 2011. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11320/.

Unemployment among Doctoral Scientists and Engineers Remained below the National Average in 2008. NSF 11-308. Arlington, VA, 2011. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11308/.




http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctoratework/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/recentgrads/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/us-workforce/






http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctoralprofiles/

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/fedworkforce/




http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/rdexpenditures/

Doctoral Scientists and Engineers Profiles. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctoralprofiles/.

Federal Scientists and Engineers. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/fedworkforce/.

Gender Differences in the Careers of Academic Scientists and Engineers. NSF 04-323. Arlington, VA, 2004. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf04323/.

Thirty-Three Years of Women in S&E Faculty Positions. NSF 08-308. Arlington, VA, 2006. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08308/.

R&D Funding

Federal S&E Obligations to Three Types of Minority-Serving Institutions Decline in FY 2007. NSF 09-319. Arlington, VA, 2009. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf09319/.

Academic R&D Expenditures. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/rdexpenditures/.

Higher Education Research and Development. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/herd/.

Non-NSF Resources

Note: Links were correct at the time of release but may no longer be active as a result of changes at the referenced organization's website.

Population Estimates and Projections

U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States (tables 5-11). Available at http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/.

U.S. Census Bureau. American FactFinder. Available at http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.

U.S. Census Bureau. Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. C2010BR-02. Available at http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf.

Precollege Education

Precollege Mathematics and Science Achievement

National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The Nation's Report Card.


http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/

http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/science/

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/mathematics/

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nies/

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2010.html

http://apreport.collegeboard.org/

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://programs.ccsso.org/projects/Science_and_Mathematics_Education_Indicators/

http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007312.pdf

• Science: Available at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/science/. • Mathematics: Available at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/mathematics/. • National Indian Education Study. Available at

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nies/.

High School Science and Mathematics Course Taking

The College Board, Advanced Placement Program. State and national summary reports. Available at http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2010.html.

The College Board. The 8th Annual AP Report to the Nation. Available at http://apreport.collegeboard.org/.

Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO). State Indicators of Science and Mathematics Education. Available at http://programs.ccsso.org/projects/Science_and_Mathematics_Education_Indicators/.

National Center for Education Statistics. Advanced Mathematics and Science Coursetaking in the Spring High School Senior Classes of 1982, 1992, and 2004. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007312.pdf.

National Center for Education Statistics. The Condition of Education. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/.

National Center for Education Statistics. Trends among High School Seniors, 1972–2004. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2008320.

Students with Disabilities

National Center for Education Statistics. Demographic and School Characteristics of Students Receiving Special Education in the Elementary Grades. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007005.

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. IDEA Data. Available at https://www.ideadata.org/IDEAData.asp.

Mathematics and Science Teachers

National Center for Education Statistics. Attrition of Public School Mathematics and Science Teachers. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2008077.


http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/

http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2008320


http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?https://www.ideadata.org/IDEAData.asp


http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/



http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pub_snf_report.asp

National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/.

National Center for Education Statistics. Schools and Staffing Survey. Elementary and secondary education. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/.

National Center for Education Statistics. Characteristics of Schools, Districts, Teachers, Principals, and School Libraries in the United States: 2003–04 Schools and Staffing Survey. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006313.pdf.

Parental Involvement

National Center for Education Statistics. Parent and Family Involvement in Education: 2002–03. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005043.pdf.

Number of Students

National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pub_snf_report.asp.

Computer Use

National Center for Education Statistics. Internet Access in U.S. Public Schools and Classrooms: 1994–2003. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss/publications/2005015/.

National Center for Education Statistics. Rates of Computer and Internet Use by Children in Nursery School and Students in Kindergarten through Twelfth Grade: 2003. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005111.

High School Completion

National Center for Education Statistics. Public High School Dropouts and Completers from the Common Core of Data. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pub_dropouts.asp.

National Center for Education Statistics. The Condition of Education. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/.

Undergraduate Education

King J. 2010. Gender Equity in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

Higher Education Research Institute (HERI). University of California at Los Angeles Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. CIRP Freshman Survey. Available at http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/cirpoverview.php.


http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss/publications/2005015/


http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pub_dropouts.asp

http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/cirpoverview.php




http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/educ-attn.html

National Center for Education Statistics. New Americans in Postsecondary Education: A Profile of Immigrants and Second-Generation American Undergraduates. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/2012213.pdf.


Educational Persistence and Attainment


U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey: Educational attainment data. Available at http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/educ-attn.html.

Minority Education

American Council on Education. Minorities in Higher Education: Twenty-Fourth Status Report: 2011 Supplement. Available at http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Minorities-in-Higher-Education-Twenty-Fourth-Status-Report-2011-Supplement.pdf.

American Council on Education. Minorities in Higher Education 2010: Twenty-fourth Status Report with a Special Essay on the U.S. Hispanic Population. Available at http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=CPA&CONTENTID=38634&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm.

The College Board. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders—Facts, Not Fiction: Setting the Record Straight. Available at http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/08-0608-AAPI.pdf.

National Center for Education Statistics. Characteristics of Minority-Serving Institutions and Minority Undergraduates Enrolled in These Institutions. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2008156.

National Center for Education Statistics. Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2010015.

Parental Expectations

National Center for Education Statistics. Parent Expectations and Planning for College. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/2008079.pdf.


http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=43430

http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=43430

http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=CPA&CONTENTID=38634&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm

http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=CPA&CONTENTID=38634&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/08-0608-AAPI.pdf

http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Minorities-in-Higher-Education-Twenty-Fourth-Status-Report-2011-Supplement.pdf






Students with Disabilities

National Center for Education Statistics. An Institutional Perspective on Students with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=1999046.

National Center for Education Statistics. Postsecondary Students with Disabilities: Enrollment, Services, and Persistence. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2000092.

Minority-Serving Institutions

National Center for Education Statistics. Characteristics of Minority-Serving Institutions and Minority Undergraduates Enrolled in These Institutions. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2008156.

International Participation in Science and Engineering

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education at a Glance (annual): Data on education by sex and country. Available at http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/eag-2012-en.

The World Bank Group. GenderStats: Electronic database of gender statistics on enrollment and attainment by sex and country. Available at http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/gender-statistics.

Employment and Faculty

National Center for Education Statistics. 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:04) Report on Faculty and Instructional Staff in Fall 2003. Available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005172.

Nelson, D.J. Nelson Diversity Surveys: Tables with number of faculty, by sex, race/ethnicity, and rank at top 50 institutions, by field. Available at http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/N/Donna.J.Nelson-1/diversity/top50.html.

RAND Corporation. Gender Differences in Major Federal External Grant Programs. Available at http://www.rand.org/publications/TR/TR307/.

University of California, Los Angeles. HERI Faculty Survey. Available at http://gseis.ucla.edu/heri/facoverview.php.

U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Federal Employment Statistics: Data by occupational group, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status. Available at http://www.opm.gov/feddata/index.asp.


http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/eag-2012-en

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/eag-2012-en

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/gender-statistics


http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/N/Donna.J.Nelson-1/diversity/top50.html

http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/N/Donna.J.Nelson-1/diversity/top50.html

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.rand.org/publications/TR/TR307/

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://gseis.ucla.edu/heri/facoverview.php

http://www.opm.gov/feddata/index.asp

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_TRANSITIONMAIN&node_id=1116&use_sec=false&sec_url_var=region1

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_TRANSITIONMAIN&node_id=1116&use_sec=false&sec_url_var=region1

http://cra.org/resources/taulbee/

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.asee.org/colleges

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.ewc-online.org/

Science and Engineering Fields

Chemistry

American Chemical Society. Available at http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_TRANSITIONMAIN&node_id=1116&use_sec=false&sec_url_var=region1.

Computer science

Computing Research Association. Available at http://cra.org/resources/taulbee/.

Engineering

American Society for Engineering Education. Available at http://www.asee.org/colleges.

Engineering Workforce Commission. Available at http://www.ewc-online.org/.

Geosciences

American Geological Institute. Available at http://www.earthscienceworld.org/careers/stats/demograp.html.

Mathematics

American Mathematical Society. Available at http://www.ams.org/employment/surveyreports.html.

Physics

American Institute of Physics. Available at http://www.aip.org/statistics.

Political science

American Political Science Association. Available at http://www.apsanet.org/section_416.cfm.

Psychology

American Psychological Association. Available at http://research.apa.org.

Sociology

American Sociological Association. Available at http://www.asanet.org/.


http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.earthscienceworld.org/careers/stats/demograp.html

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.ams.org/employment/surveyreports.html

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.aip.org/statistics

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.apsanet.org/section_416.cfm

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://research.apa.org

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.asanet.org/