ii. vegetative propagation - ndsu.edu · pdf filea specialized underground organ consisting of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
II. Vegetative Propagation
• Use of Apomictic Seeds
• Use of Specialized Vegetative Structures
• Adventitious Root Induction (Cuttings)
• Layering
• Grafting
![Page 2: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
a. Use of Apomictic Seeds
• Apomixis = Development of seeds from
maternal tissue inside ovule
• Some apomictic seeds are formed from
megaspore mother cells
• Apomictic seeds produce plants that are
genetically identical as maternal plants
• Examples: Mango, Kentucky bluegrass, Citrus
![Page 3: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How is Apomictic Seed Formed?
Asexual seed formation from maternal tissues around zygotic
embryo inside an ovule
Apomictic seeds can be formed from nucellar tissues, egg mother
cell, flower heads (bulbils)
Found in Kentucky bluegrass, dandelion, citrus, Alliums
Nucellar embryos in Citrus
![Page 4: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
b. Specialized Vegetative Structures
• Runners (Stolons)
• Bulbs
• Corms
• Rhizomes
• Off-Shoots
• Stem Tubers
• Tuberous Roots
• Root Suckers
![Page 5: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Runners (Stolons)
• Above-ground running stems
• New plants are formed on each node
• Examples: Strawberry, Spider Plant, Buffalograss
Strawberry Buffalograss
![Page 6: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bulbs
A specialized underground organ consisting of a basal
plate, growing points, flower primordia, and fleshy scales
Found in monocots
Tunicate bulbs - Onion, tulip, garlic, hyacinth
Non-tunicate bulbs – Easter lily, Oriental lily
Bulblets, bulbils, stem bulblets
![Page 7: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scaly Bulbs: Easter Lily
![Page 8: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anther Removal on Easter Lily Flowers
Anthers intact Anthers removed
Pollen germination on stigma triggers ethylene release
Yellow color stain makes the flowers unsightly
![Page 9: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Corms: Gladiolus
![Page 10: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rhizomes Laterally grown underground stems
Iris, ginger, lily of the valley, orchid
![Page 11: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Offshoots
Lateral shoots, often with roots at the base,
produced on main stems which can be separated and
grown as independent plants
Examples: Pineapple (slip), dendrobium, cymbidium
![Page 12: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stem Tuber
Tuber is a swollen, modified stem structure that
functions as an underground storage organ
Examples: potato, caladium, Jerusalem artichoke
Use of eyes in potato propagation
![Page 13: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tuberous Roots
![Page 14: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
b. Cutting Propagation
• Detached stems and roots are used to
induce adventitious roots or shoots
• Woody Plants• Hardwood cuttings
• Softwood cuttings
• Semi-hardwood cuttings
• Single-node cuttings
• Root Cuttings• Problem with phenotype conversion in chimeric
plants
![Page 15: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hardwood and Semi-hardwood Cuttings
1 2 3
4 5 6
1-Stock plant nursery, 2-making cuttings, 3-bundles of cuttings, 4-IBA
treatment, 5-rooting in artificial mix, 6-outdoor misting system for rooting
![Page 16: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Influence of IBA on Rooting-Cordia parvifolia
1-Control, 2-50% ethanol, 3-100 ppm, 4-1000 ppm, 5-2000 ppm, 6-4000 ppm,
7-6000 ppm, 8-8000 ppm, 9-10000 ppm IBA
![Page 17: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cutting Propagation in Jojoba
• Regular Stem Cuttings
– Use 4-5 nodes
– Semi-hardwood cuttings
• Single Node Cuttings
– Double-eye single node cuttings
– Single-eye single node cuttings
![Page 18: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Single Node Cuttings of Jojoba
5-node
Single Node Cuttings
DE SE
DE SE
![Page 19: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cutting Propagation in Jojoba
![Page 20: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Clonally Propagated Jojoba FieldBakersfield, CA
![Page 21: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Shoftwood Cuttings - Hydrangea
Use of Butterfly and Single Node Cuttings
![Page 22: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Softwood Cuttings-Peach
![Page 23: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Herbaceous Cuttings - Carnation
![Page 24: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pauk Ecke’s Poinsettia Greenhouse
![Page 25: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Leaf Cuttings-African Violet, Piggyback Plant
![Page 26: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Chimeras
A plant that is composed of tissues of more than
one genotype
Chimera (Greek Word)
A mythological monster, having a lion’s head, a
goat’s body and a serpent’s tail
Chimera
Periclinal Chimera
![Page 27: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Three Types of Chimeras
![Page 28: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Examples of Chimeric Plants
Chrysanthemum Rose
![Page 29: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Propagation by Grafting
• Requirements for Success– Compatibility between stock and scion
– Alignment of cambium layers
– Prompt handling
• Grafting Methods– Cleft grafts
– Whip-and-Tongue
– Side grafts
– Budding
– Inarching
– Bridge Grafts
– Topworking
![Page 30: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cleft Graft
![Page 31: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Whip Graft, Whip-and-Tongue Graft
Whip Graft Whip-and-Tongue Graft
![Page 32: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Side Grafts
![Page 33: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Budding
![Page 34: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Grafted Plants
![Page 35: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Bridge Graft and Inarching
Rejuvenating old fruit trees
Repair damage on the tree trunk
Bridge Graft Inarching
![Page 36: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Topworking• Scions are grafted on branches of mature trees• Used to change cultivars on old fruit trees
![Page 37: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Use of Herbaceous Grafting
1. Virus Indexing
2. Synthetic Plants
3. Construction of Genetic Chimeras
4. Improved Crop Performance
5. Research in Plant Physiology
6. Enhancement of Esthetic Value
![Page 38: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Various grafting methods in vegetables with or
without rootstock root systems
Cucurbits (watermelons, melons, cucumbers, squashes, etc.)
Solanaceous crops (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, paprika, etc.)
![Page 39: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Grafted Cactus Production
![Page 40: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Position of grafting
Tomatoes, grafted onto tomato rootstock (left) or on potato (right)
![Page 41: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Eggplant/potatoTomato/eggplant
Cabbage/Radish Chinese
cabbage/Radish
![Page 42: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Herbaceous Grafts
![Page 43: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cultivation of Grafted Vegetables in Korea and Japan.
J a p a n K o r e a
Field+Tunnel Greenhouse Field+Tunnel Greenhouse
Crop Total Grafted Total Grafted Total Grafted Total Grafted
(ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) (ha) (%)
Watermelon 14,017 92 3,683 98 13,200 90 21,299 98
Cucumber 10,160 55 5,440 96 1,728 42 5,964 95
Melons 6,142 0 8,258 42 1,047 83 9,365 95
Tomato 6,549 8 7,141 48 258* 0 4,752 15
Eggplant 11,815 43 1,785 94 650* 0 413 10
Pepper* 2,684 – 1,468 5 75,574 0 5,085 25
![Page 44: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Robotic Grafting Machine
![Page 45: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Seedling Grafting on Vegetable Plugs
![Page 46: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Herbaceous Grafts
![Page 47: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
※ After placing the scion on
the top of rootstock to match
the vascular bundle, thread or
clips are used to hold the
position.
Cut
Diameter of scion: 10 mm.
Vascular bundle
Hylocereus trigonus, the most popular
rootstock for cactus grafting
* Standard rootstock length : 9 cm long
* Diameter of rootstock: 30~ 35 mm
![Page 48: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
G
F
H
![Page 49: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Care of grafted watermelon seedlings in a commercial
greenhouse
![Page 50: II. Vegetative Propagation - ndsu.edu · PDF fileA specialized underground organ consisting of a basal ... Laterally grown underground stems Iris, ginger, ... Grafted Cactus Production](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051601/5ab336ea7f8b9a7e1d8e1803/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Commercial Cactus Greenhouse in Korea