ifpri - agricultural extension reforms in south asia workshop - suresh babu - nutrtion in extension...

Thursday, February 19, 2015

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Nutrition in Agricultural Extension

Suresh Babu




Adapted from: Gillespie, Harris, & Kadiyala,

2012

Nutrition-sensitive development pathways




Agriculture – Nutrition integration strategy

• Current set of capacity development activities

• What capacities are needed for the successful integration of nutrition in Agriculture programs

• What need based training and learning activities need to be developed for sustainability

• Scaling up the adoption and adaptation of intervention

• Looking Ahead in next five to ten years




Opportunities for Nutrition Extension through ATMA

Extension facilitators at field level:

• Agril. and veterinary extension functionaries

• BTMs, ATMs and farmer friend

• Progressive farmers

• Group leaders (SHGs and FIGs)

• Input dealers

• Agri-preneurs

• KVK – Scientists

• State Gender Coordinator




Opportunities for Nutrition Extension

• Opportunities for Nutrition Extension through ATMA Capacity

building

• SREP Preparation

• Nutrition GAPs

• Nutrition training to SAMETI faculty who in turn trains agriculture and allied sector functionaries at the district and block level

• Nutrition education to farmer friend

• Simple nutrition modules for training the women groups, FIGs and progressive farmers




Opportunities for Nutrition Extension

• Channels for Integrating Nutrition Extension:

Kisan Call Centre (KCC) - 1800 180 1551

• Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers (DAESI )

• Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centres (AC ABC)

• Post Graduate Diploma in Agricultural Extension Management (PGDAEM) •

• Farm Information Dissemination (15% of total budget) • Farmer Portal (farmer.gov.in)




Technical Content

• Concept of Food and Nutritional security (FNS)

• Foods group and nutrients, balanced diet

• Nutritional deficiencies and prevention

• Safe storage and post-harvest methods

• Food Safety (Farm to table), Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

• Role of Urban Agriculture and Edible Greening




Technical Content

• Role of Women in ensuring F & N Security of the Rural Households

• Right cooking practices, Nutrition Gardening

• Low cost food processing technologies for women/ women groups

• Group work - identifying the crops and livestock grown locally and planning a menu

• Group work – developing messages for nutrition extension by the BTMs and ATMs.




Methodology for Nutrition Extension

• Participatory methods for analyzing the existing nutritional

status of the community – nutrition mapping

• Identification of deficiency disorders, vulnerable groups

• Analysis of resources - crops, fruits and vegetables, livestock –

• community and individual level

• Understanding the myths, cultural / local food preferences

• Identifying the local groups and leaders – SHGs, Farmers

• organizations, mothers committee, progressive farmers etc.,




Methodology • Developing simple modules with messages on Nutrition

• Education to different categories of community

• Training the nutrition facilitators- a cadre of “Community Hunger Fighters”

• Promoting traditional foods with good shelf life.

• Promoting collective farming by women groups – Red Gram,

• Jowar, Bajra, Ragi etc., sharing and utilizing the produce for

• household consumption

• Competitions for women farmers in preparation of nutritious

recipes using the local foods




Programs for integration

• 1. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) 2. Rajiv Gandhi Scheme For Empowerment Of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)-Sabla 3. Indra Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) 4. Mid Day Meal (MDM) 5. Reproductive and Child Healthcare (RCH) Services 6. Anaemia Control Programme 7. Vitamin – A Supplementation Programme 8. National Rural Health Mission




Program for integration

• Programme for Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders 10. National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (Kala-azar) 11. National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (Malaria and Filariasis) 12. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) 13. National AIDS Control Programme 14. Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) 15. Blindness Control Programme




TNAU – UG NUTRITION Curriculum GAP

• • B.Sc. (Agriculture): Nil • B.Sc.(Forestry) : Nil • B.Sc.(Horticulture) Classification and Nutritive value of horticultural crops Nutrition garden, kitchen garden and other types of gardens •

• B.Tech. (Food Process Engineering

• B.Sc (Home Science) Fundamentals of Nutrition Therapeutic Nutrition Six Food Science courses MOST OF THE EXTENSION OFFICERS COME FROM BSC ( AGRICULTURE)




Figure 1: Conceptual Framework for Developing a Curriculum to Achieve Agriculture-Nutrition Linkages

Nutritional Challenges of

Agricultural Communities

Agriculture-Nutrition

Curriculum

Locality-Specific Design of

the Curriculum

Nature of Agricultural

Extension Systems and

Nutrition Programming

Nutrition-Informed

Agricultural Communities

Problem Identification Content/Curriculum Needs Conditioning Factors Contextual Factors for

Inclusive Extension

Developmental Outcomes

Obesity: men, women,

children

Nutritive value of food Subsistence/

commercialization of

agriculture

Agricultural extension

department (state

government)

Increasing Production and

Income

Consumption pattern

changes: high-value

agriculture, fat, sugar

Monitoring nutritional

status/indicators of nutrition

Systems of organization of

production activities (e.g.,

contract farming, public

procurement)

KVKs (farm science

centers) at central, state, and

district government levels

Children under 5 years of

age: stunting, wasting,

underweight

Study of consumption

patterns/nutritional intake

through dietary surveys

Agroecology/ natural

resource constraints (e.g.,

endowment, water, soil,

rainfall)

Integrated child

development services

(social welfare at the village

level)

Agriculture and Nutrition

Outcomes

Balanced diet: food and

nutrition security

Biofortification principles

and solutions

Market linkages to nutritive

foods and their supply

Nongovernmental

organization/private sector

actors

Specific vitamin

deficiencies: iron, vitamin

A, iodine

Contextualization and

decentralization of nutrition

problems and nutrition

solutions

Locality-specific

(decentralized) nutritional

issues and their potential

solutions

University

extension/outreach

programs (research stations,

district level)

Balanced Diet and

Nutrition

General micronutrient

malnutrition: “hidden

hunger”

Market-based solutions to

address nutrition challenges,

(e.g., value chain approach)

Currently existing nutrition

intervention programs (e.g.,

for children, pregnant/

lactating mothers, elderly

population)

Agricultural Technology

Management Agency

(ATMA)—state/district/

block levels

Agriculture and nutrition

interaction: creating a

nutritional imbalance in

communities

Systems thinking to link

agriculture system to

nutrition outcome

Local institutions (nature of,

functions)

Other sectors interacting

with agriculture

Source: Authors’ compilation.




Figure 1: Mapping of Channels of Nutrition Education from National to Village Levels

Source: Authors’ compilation.

*Face-to-face consultations with relevant officials for the study.

ICAR = Indian Council on Agricultural Research; SAU = state agricultural university; KVK = farm science center; ATMA = Agricultural Technology Management Agency;

PDS = Public Distribution System; ICDS = Integrated Child Development Services.

National Level State Level District Block Village

ICAR* SAUs* KVKs* Farmers*

Ministry of

Agriculture*

Ministry of

Consumer

Affairs, Food,

and Public

Distribution

Ministry of

Social Justice

and

Empowerment

Ministry of

Health and

Family

Welfare

Department of

Agriculture

Extension*

ATMA*

PDS/Food

Stocks and

Nation Social

Welfare

Program

National

Health/Disease

Prevention

Program

State

Department of

Extension*

ATMA*

PDS Based on

Poverty Levels

Noon Meal

Scheme

State-Level

Health Programs

Maternal/Children

District

Agriculture

Officer*

ATMA*

District PDS

Office*

District-Level

Monitoring

System*

Block

Extension*

ATMA*

Block-Level

District Plot

Centers*

Block-Level

Extension

Officers*

Farmers

Friend

PDS Outlets*

Primary

Middle High

Schools*

Primary

Health Care

Material* District Health

Centers

Primary

Health Care

Facility

ICDS

Centers*

Ho

use

hold

Nu

trit

ion

Wel

fare

Child

Nutrition

Programs*




Figure 1: Curriculum Strategy at the District Level Using Nutrition Security Conceptual Framework

Basic

(20 minutes) Intermediate

(20 minutes) Immediate

(20 minutes)

Module 1 on basic

causes

Module 2 on

basic causes

Module 1 on

intermediate causes

Module 2 on

Intermediate causes

Module 1 on

immediate causes

Module 2 on

immediate causes

Module 1 on basic

solutions

Module 2 on

basic solutions

Module 1 on

intermediate solutions causes

Module 2 on

intermediate solutions causes

Module 1 on

immediate solutions

Module 2 on

immediate solutions

Nutrition Security

Quality and quantity

of care

Material and child

care practice

Household

income/expenditures

in food

Access to food Health environment

and services

Intermediate

Causes

Immediate

Causes

Access and quantity

of quality of health,

sanitation and water

Food security Dietary intake Health status

Macronutrients Micronutrients

Policies that encourage Policies and programs that

increase Policies that improve

Food production

Income generation

Transfer food in-kind

Caregiver access

Caregivers’ resource control

Caregivers’ knowledge,

adoption and practice

Adequate sanitation

Safe water supply

Health care availability

Environment

safety/shelter

Basic Causes

Causes

Modules

Solutions

Modules

Source: Adapted from Babu et al. 2014.




Figure 1: Strategy for the Development of a Nutrition-Smart Agricultural Extension Curriculum

Curriculum Design Opportunities

and Options Extension Functionaries Training Institutions/Functions

Curriculum Development/

Dean’s Committee

Nutrition/Agriculture Extension/State

Universities/Faculties of Agriculture/

Home Science Colleges

Curriculum Designed for

the District by SAUs and

KVKs

Curriculum Contextualized

for the Block and Village

Levels

Village Level

National Level/Ministry of

Agriculture

State ATMA/Extension

System/Training Scheme

District-Level Agriculture

Extension/ATMA

Committee

Block-Level Agriculture

Extension/Technology

Officer

Farmers Friends/

Village Extension

Workers

ICAR Institution/

NAARM/MANAGE

SAUs/State Training

Centers

KVKs District Farms Training

Centers/Training/Programs for

Block-Level Extension Workers

Training of Trainers/

Farmers Friends

Household Nutrition Status Farmer Field Schools Training Programs

Source: Author (Suresh Babu of IFPRI).

ICAR = Indian Council on Agricultural Research; NAARM = National Academy for Agricultural Research Management; MANAGE = National Institute for Agricultural

Extension Management; SAU = state agricultural university; KVK = farm science center; ATMA = Agricultural Technology Management Agency.




Primary Targets

• Rural Extension Workers •

• Subject Matter Specialists (Krishi Vigyan Kendras) •

• Extension departments of Home Science college of Agricultural University •

• Subject Matter Specialists (Bihar Govt.) •

• Anganwadi workers • Lady Supervisors •

• Accredited social health activists (ASHA) •

• Auxillary Nurse Midwife (ANM) • Kisan Mitra •

• Village level workers (VLW) •

• Agricultural Extension Officer • Block Extension Officer • Block Agricultural Officer • District Agricultural Officer




What is needed?

• Identifying problems, developing contextual solutions, implement interventions, monitor and evaluate the programs, refine the programs and policies

• Institutional development and organizational needs for adoption of nutrition knowledge in programming

• Policy analysis and research capacity for developing enabling environment for integration of nutrition in agriculture research and extension




Some Next Steps for Discussion

• Needs assessment at the national level with specific contextual needs and opportunities

• Identify short, medium, and long run strategic activities – State extension systems, centrally sponsored schemes, and national nutrition interventions outside agriculture

• Strategic interventions at all levels – research, education extension and outreach

• Intervention through filling the needs of public, private and NGO sectors.

ifpri - agricultural extension reforms in south asia workshop - suresh babu - nutrtion in extension...

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