identification of landslides along crowley's ridge in the upper
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Identification of Landslides Along Crowley’s Ridge in the Upper Mississippi Embayment Using
Topographic Algorithms
Briget C. Doyle and J. David RogersDepartment of Geological Engineering
Department of Geological EngineeringUniversity of Missouri-Rolla
![Page 2: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective of Research
• Determine the feasibility of identifying and categorizing seismically-induced landslides and lateral spreads using topographic pattern recognition
![Page 3: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
New Madrid Seismic Zone
(NMSZ)
• Most seismically active area east of Rocky Mts.– Located within
Upper Mississippi Embayment
![Page 4: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes
• Over 2000 felt earthquakes in 4 month period– 5 quakes with Ms ≥
8.0– Felt over an area of 5
million km2
• Damage estimates for similar quakes– $10 -$20 billion in
Central U.S. (1994)
![Page 5: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Area effected by a Ms 6.8 Earthquake
![Page 6: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Previous Landslide Work in the NMSZ
• Eastern NMSZ– Myron Fuller (1912)– Jibson (1985); Jibson and Keefer (1988,1994)
• Identified over 200 landslides along the Chickasaw Bluffs (KY and TN)
• Western NMSZ– Ding (1991)
• Mapped at 1:100,000 scale• Did not map individual slides
– McFarland (1992)• Mapped only historical slides
– This Study• Over 900 slides mapped on the 5 quadrangles studied.• Individual slides mapped at 1:24,000 scale (initial reconnaissance
mapping) and 1:5000 scale (detailed mapping)
![Page 7: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Crowley’sRidge
• Elevated upland within the Mississippi River Embayment and near the NMSZ
• Over 380 km long• 32 km wide at widest
point• Over 90 m of relief in
areas
![Page 8: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Crowley’s Ridge
• Likely formed by: – erosive processes– tectonic processes
• related to the NMSZ, Reelfoot Rift, and CGL
• Demonstration Quadrangles– LaGrange, Helena,
West Helena, and Stubbs Island, AR
– Valley Ridge, MO
![Page 9: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Geology of northern Crowley’s Ridge (VE=70x)
From: Santi, P.M. and Neuner, E.J., 2002
![Page 10: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Geology of southern Crowley’s Ridge(VE=25.5x)
![Page 11: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Topographic Patterns
• Useful for rapid overviews of large areas• May be used in conjunction with aerial
photographic methods• Following initial identification, detailed
field mapping and analyses are used to determine if anomalous topographic features are seismically-induced landslippage
![Page 12: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Topographic Patterns• Use drainage and
topographic keys to recognize anomalous site characteristics typical of landslides– Divergent contours– Crenulated
contours– Arcuate headscarp
evacuation areas– Isolated
topographic benches
![Page 13: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Topographic Patterns• Use drainage and
topographic keys to recognize anomalous site characteristics typical of landslides– Extended ridges or
isolated knobs– Sudden turns in
hillside contours– Convergent
drainage
![Page 14: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Common Landslide Types Along Crowley’s Ridge
• Lateral Spreads • Earthflows • Translational Block Slides• Slumps and Retrogressive Slump
Complexes
![Page 15: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lateral Spreading in the NMSZ
• Cross-sectional sketch by Myron Fuller (1912) suggesting a likely mode of formation for large “fissure” features Fuller found in the NMSZ. The mode of formation is the same as in lateral spreading.
![Page 16: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Topographic Expression of Lateral Spreads
• Divergent contours
• Stepped topography
• Headscarpevacuation grabens
• Arcuate headscarps
![Page 17: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Shaded relief map showing Jeffersonville lateral spread
![Page 18: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cross-section of Jeffersonville lateral spread
![Page 19: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Topographic Expression of Earthflows
![Page 20: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Topographic Expression of Earthflows
• Opposing contours
• Headscarpevacuation areas
• Necking down at transition between deflation/inflation zones
![Page 21: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Crowley’s Ridge Earthflows
![Page 22: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Topographic Expression of Translational Block Slides
• Extended ridges or topographic knobs
• Convergent drainage
• Sharp downslopeturns in contour lines
![Page 23: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Crowley’s Ridge Translational Block Slides
![Page 24: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Topographic Expression of Slumps and
Retrogressive Slump
Complexes• Asymmetric opposing
contours• Isolated breaks in
contours• Arcuate headscarps• Back-rotated grabens
and topographic benches
![Page 25: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Crowley’s Ridge Slumps
![Page 26: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Field Work to Confirm Landslides
• Field reconnaissance– Hummocky
topography– Head scarps– Deranged drainage– Graben structures
• Geophysics– Electrical Resistivity– Induced
Polarization
![Page 27: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Geophysical Investigations
![Page 28: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Geophysical investigations electrical resistivity
![Page 29: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Geophysical investigationselectrical resistivity
![Page 30: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conclusions
• Topographic patterns recognition has the potential to be useful for rapid screeningof large areas.
• Most landslides found are likely related to the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes.
• Lateral spreads, not previously mapped in the NMSZ, have the potential to cause disruption and damage to engineered structures over large areas.
![Page 31: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Future Work
• Further geophysical investigations– Seismic reflection/refraction– Ground Penetrating Radar
• Computer-Based Topographic Algorithms• “Bare-earth” mapping methods
– LiDAR– INSAR (Band-C)– SAR (Band-P and Band-X)
![Page 32: Identification of Landslides Along Crowley's Ridge in the Upper](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022052706/586a2ea51a28abf52b8be703/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Acknowledgements
• USGS NEHRP and University of Missouri Research Board for funding
• Missouri GSRAD• USGS Mid-Continent Mapping Center• Arkansas Geological Commission• Kevin James, Craig Kaibel, Conor Watkins• Anthony Buccellato, Garret Euler