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Ideation and the Engineering Design Process Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 1 Engineering Design and Problem Solving

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What is the definition of Ideation? ideation/ d SH n/ Noun: The formation of ideas or concepts: Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)

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So what is it? A structured approach to thinking for the purpose of solving a problem, often employing graphics. Ideation is the conceptual phase of the design process. Feasibility studies are often performed to define the problem, identify important factors that limit the scope of the design, evaluate anticipated difficulties, and consider the consequences of the design. Ideation is the process of forming and relating ideas. It is important in creativity, innovation and concept development. Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 3

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What is the definition of Engineering Design? The systematic and creative application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems. www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/scitech/2001/resources/glossary.html www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/scitech/2001/resources/glossary.html It is the creative, iterative and often open-ended process of conceiving and developing components, systems and processes. Design requires the integration of engineering, basic and mathematical sciences. A designer works under constraints, taking into account economic, health and safety, social and environmental factors, codes of practice and applicable laws. www.ee.wits.ac.za/~ecsa/gen/g-04.htm www.ee.wits.ac.za/~ecsa/gen/g-04.htm Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 4

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How NASA defines Engineering Design The engineering design process involves a series of steps that lead to the development of a new product or system. In the design process, students are to complete each step and document their work as they develop their solutions to the problem given. http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5-12.html Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 5

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Is this process different than the Scientific Problem Solving Method? No they are very similar. If we have free time, I want you to look up the Scientific Problem Solving Method and compare/contrast it to the Engineering Design Process. Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 6

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The 8 Steps of the Engineering Design Process Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 7

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STEP 1: Students should state the challenge problem in their own words. Example: How can I design a __________ that will __________? Identify the Problem - Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 8

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STEP 2: Students should specify the design requirements (criteria). Example: Our growth chamber must have a growing surface of 10 square feet and have a delivery volume of 3 cubic feet or less. Students should list the limits on the design due to available resources and the environment (constraints). Example: Our growth chamber must be accessible to astronauts without the need for leaving the spacecraft. Identify Criteria and Constraints Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 9

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STEP 3: Each student in the group should sketch his or her own ideas as the group discusses ways to solve the problem. Labels and arrows should be included to identify parts and how they might move. These drawings should be quick and brief thumbnail sketches. Brainstorm Possible Solutions Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 10

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STEP 4: In this step, each student should develop two or three ideas more thoroughly. Students should create new drawings that are orthographic projections (multiple views showing the top, front and one side) and isometric drawings (three-dimensional depiction). These are to be drawn neatly, using rulers to draw straight lines and to make parts proportional. Parts and measurements should be labeled clearly. Generate Ideas Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 11

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STEP 5: The developed ideas should be shared and discussed among the team members. Students should record pros and cons of each design idea directly on the paper next to the drawings. Explore Possibilities Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 12

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STEP 6: Students should work in teams and identify the design that appears to solve the problem the best. Students should write a statement that describes why they chose the solution. This should include some reference to the criteria and constraints given. Select an Approach Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 13

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STEP 7: Students will construct a full-size or scale model based on their drawings. The teacher will help identify and acquire appropriate modeling materials and tools. Build a Model or Prototype Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 14

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STEP 8: Students will examine and evaluate their prototypes or designs based on the criteria and constraints. Teams may enlist students from other teams to review the solution and help identify changes that need to be made. Based on criteria and constraints, teams must identify any problems and proposed solutions. Refine the Design Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 15

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Assignments ABC Review = Daily Grade Engineering Design Process = Daily Grade Finished Working Prototype graded per the rubric = Major Grade Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 16

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Lets have some fun and see if you can follow the 8 Steps Here is your first Engineering Design Problem! Follow the steps, have fun, and good luck! Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 17

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Not your Daddies Paper Air Plane Problem = There are many ways that you can make any piece of paper fly. Your challenge is to design a nontraditional paper glider/airplane. It will be judged based upon: (These will change from class to class, it could be any of the following) Longest distance traveled Able to hit a given target Able to fly through an obstacle Straightest line Travels a specific distance Longest flight Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 18

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Criteria and Constraints Non-traditional airplane that may be constructed out of one piece of any type of paper. You may only use scissors no glue, tape, staples, paper clips, motors, etc. Must fly: At least 10 meters Must pass through __________ meter diameter hula hoop held 1 meter above floor Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 19

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Rules = 1.You must work in a team of two (2) preferred; but a team of three (3) may be allowed. 2.Yours can NOT be folded or bent in anyway like you would a traditional paper air plane. 3.You can use any type or size of paper available be it printer, construction, card board, or manila folder paper. 4.Your only tool allowed is scissors since you can cut out or etch any design onto the paper that you think will help you. Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 20

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Timeline Day 1 = Get into your team and begin the design process Day 2 = Continue on design and show your process to teacher for approval and select the paper you will use, you will be allowed up to three (3) sheets maximum in case you ruin a prototype as you build it. You may test your design up to a maximum of five (5) times. Your design can NOT hit your fellow competitor's! Day 3 = Test Day to see what team(s) have the best design Day 4 = Refine the Design Day - the only day you can make design changes to your prototype for the actual test. Day 5 = Test Day of Final Prototype Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 21

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Scoring Rubric Write up of each of the 8 Steps of Engrg Design30 points Prototypes40 points Final test trial20 points Teamwork10 points Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 22

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Extension/Bonus Look up the Scientific Problem Solving Method and compare/contrast it to the Engineering Design Process. Create your own paper glider from one of the options on this website: http://www.nmcap.org/ae/Activities/index.html Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA) 23