ian cole copyright © ijc20041 fans 1:8 learning how to learn & notetaking

Ian Cole Copyright © ijc2004 1

FANS 1:8

Learning how to learn & notetaking.


Before we start…….

Please turn off your mobile phone


Objectives: At the end of the session the students will be able to:

Examine the learning process. Including learning theory. Self awareness & time management.

Discuss the principles of adult learning. Identify differing learning styles.

Recognise their own learning style Identify the strengths and weaknesses of their learning style.

Explored the range of teaching and learning methods used within the course.

Identified the different approaches to studying & notetaking.


What is learning?Definitions of learning: The cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; "the child's acquisition of language"

www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn The process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioral potential as a result

of experience. (Anderson) citl.tamu.edu/citl-glossary-main.htm Changes in an individual's behavior arising from experience.

www.prenhall.com/divisions/bp/app/armstrong/cw/glossary.html A process that "builds on or modifies understanding, capacities, abilities, attitudes and

propensities in the individual." (See Inglis, Ling, & Joosten (1999) pp. 104-105) There are different theories about learning, the most important being Humanistic, Behavioristic, Cognitive and Social Learning theory and each supports a different approach to teaching.https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/public/faculty/DEGlossary.shtml

Changes in a person's behaviour caused by information and experience. p. 123 users.wbs.warwick.ac.uk/dibb_simkin/student/glossary/ch04.html

The process of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, or skills from study ,instruction, or experience. Source:Miller &Findlay 1996, p.167 www.anta.gov.au/textOnly.asp

The act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. www.fes-nj.com/connection-definitions.htm

Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour, as a result of experience. www.beckmanmarketing8e.nelson.com/glossary.html


What are your experiences of studying in the passed?

Spend 5–10 minutes (in pairs) discussing your experiences of studying.

Feed back to the whole group. Discussion.


Theories of learning

Behaviourism The theory of

behaviorism concentrates on the study of overt behaviors that can be observed and measured (Good & Brophy, 1990).

It views the mind as a "black box" that responses to stimulus (empty vessel), totally ignoring the possibility of the thought processes occurring in the mind.

Instructional Design & Learning Theory by Brenda Mergel (1998)

Behaviourists Wilhelm Wundt

(1832_1920) Ivan Pavlov (1849 -1936) John B. Watson (1878 –

1958) Edward Thorndike (1874-

1949) Guthrie (1886 – 1959) Edward Tolman (1886 –

1959) B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990) Robert Gague’ (1916 -

2002)


Theories of learningConstructivists

Piaget (1896 – 1980) Lev S Vygotsky (1896 -

1934) John Dewey (1859 -1952) Ernst von Glasersfeld Jerome Bruner (1915 -) David Ausubel (1918 -)

Constructivism Constructivists believe that

learning is an active process of constructing, rather than acquiring, knowledge and that the goal of instruction is to support that construction rather than trying to transmit knowledge. Constructivism focuses on:

the construction of new knowledge that is unique to each person

the importance of the environment in determining the meaning of reality


Constructivists or Behaviourists

Do you understand the difference?

Who is right? Discuss!


Self awareness Know Yourself Exercise.

Make notes and answer the questions on the hand out.

Feedback to the group. Map out an average day.

Consider where there is spare time. Opportunities to rearrange activities.

Weekly plan.


Principles of adult learningAdult learner characteristics: a self-concept tending towards self-

direction a growing reservoir of experience a developmental readiness to learn a problem-centered and present

reality orientation to learning Malcom Knowles (1970)


Methods of teaching & learning

The main teaching and learning approaches used on our courses:

Large group sessions including lectures, computer lab practical sessions.

Small group sessions including tutorials and clinical teaching. Discussion and debate. Practical Clinical skills teaching methods. Use of video & audio for teaching communication skills. Opportunities for self-directed learning through electives, clinical

options, project work, report writing, research and case studies. Adoption of problem solving and problem-based learning

methods. The use of web-based delivery of some aspects of courses. The introduction of reflective journals and learning portfolios. Practical placement experience.


Do we all learn in the same way? Honey & Mumford (1986)

developed the learning styles questionnaire. Activist Reflector Pragmatist Theorist.


Study skills & Note taking Resources:

Study skills books (buy one!). On-line resources. Personal supervisors & mentors. Other students. Other FANS sessions.

Report writing, presenting information. Reflection, problem solving, written feedback. Numeracy, referencing, revising, essay writing.


Individual studying. Study Groups. Bulletin Boards. Telephone Information Trees. E-mail. On-line chat rooms. Discussion Groups.

What do you consider the advantages of studying together?

Study skills & Note taking


Note taking: Part of a wider set of skills. Notes are an extension to memory. Only useful if you file them

effectively. Retrieval is all important.


How we forget? Majority of information is lost immediately after

initial learning. ‘Decay’ occurs if the memory is not used or

accessed regularly. Interference

Retroactive, subsequent info interferes. Proactive, previous learning or memories.

Motivated forgetting – motivated to forget unpleasant / difficult things.

Cue dependent – lack of appropriate cues. State dependent – can only recall under similar

circumstances


Aids to memory & retrieval Chunking information. Familiarity. Personal & professional relevance. Serial position (where in a sequence) Recency Rehearsal Novelty Pace of learning.


Try to remember this list.Leaf ShirtTable

OrangePoker

StudentPencilCatCar

Feather


Remember these pictures


There was a baseball player who owned a racing car, a yacht & an aeroplane.

For his holiday he took a balloon ride, he packed some books, flowers and a pair of dice and on his journey he saw a lion and a dolphin.


Factors affecting your note taking The way your mind works and how

you best recall material. The purpose for which you intend

to use the info. The type of material you want to

record. The level of investment you feel it

warrants.


What should you include in notes? Notes shouldn’t simply be a shorthand

copy of the an original text or lesson. They should be an attempt pick out the

relevant bits. Key words. Add your own thinking. Make connections to the rest of your

work. Consider how, what, why questions.


Benefits of mind maps Main idea is clearly defined. Relative importance of each

idea can be shown. Links between key points are

recognisable. The format allows additional

info to be added without mess!.

The open-endedness of the map allows you to make new connections as you progress.


Mind Maps


Note taking from reading Highlight and underline. Don’t make note in the

text or a book. Use your own words –

shows understanding. Avoid long quotes. Learn from the methods

of others.Always record the full reference so you can locate it later!!


Note taking from a lecture Have your paper and pencil or pen

ready. Write down the title of the lecture and

the date. Watch the speaker carefully. Listen carefully. Be brief in your note taking.

Remember: your goal is to understand what is been said.

Jot down details or examples that support the main ideas

At the end of the lecture, ask questions about points you did not understand.

Don't be in a rush. Be attentive, listen and take notes right up to the point at which the lecture ends.


The Cornell System


Any questions?

This presentation is available on the student Intranet and via my University web site. Health Sciences home page. Staff directory. Ian Cole. Student area.

ian cole copyright © ijc20041 fans 1:8 learning how to learn & notetaking

Documents

learning process

learning methods

definitions of learning

social learning theory

principles of adult

differing learning styles

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