I. Categories of Oceanographers

• 1. CHEMICAL Oceanographer – – composition of sea water, salts and physical

properties (eg. DENSITY, TEMPERATURE)

• .

2. BIOLOGICAL Oceanographer– syn. MARINE BIOLOGIST

• studies organisms, types, abundance, temporal variation, productivity and their controlling factors.

3. GEOLOGICAL Oceanographer

• - two areas

• 1.Volcanic rocks and basins (opening and closing)

• 2.Sediments- paleo oceanography.

4. PHYSICAL Oceanographer

• - various styles of motion (currents surface and deep water) waves and tides.

GLOBE TOSSING ACTIVITY

II. OCEAN INFORMATION

• A. DIVIDING THE EARTH– LOCATE POINTS ON THE MAP USING

COORDINATES. – n/s e/w

– LONGITUDE 360 VERTICAL (spacing distorted north to south)

– Prime Meridian Greenwich England

(zero degrees)

• LATITUDE horizontal zero is the equator

• Spacing is equal north to south

• circumference at the equator is 40,000 km or 24,902 miles

Practice Problems

• Bombay or Mumbai India

• Havana Cuba

• Anchorage Alaska

• Aukland New Zealand• Rio De Janeiro• Columbus Ohio

Answers• Bombay or Mumbai

India• Havana Cuba

• Anchorage Alaska

• Aukland New Zealand• Rio De Janero• Columbus Ohio

• 20N 73E

• 20N 80W• 60N 160W• 40S 175E• 23S 44W• 38N 83W

Hurricane Floyd

B. THE OCEANS

• vol. P= Atl. + Indian 37% of the earth's surface, deepest point (Marianas Trench 11Km),deepest ave. depth, coldest, salinity 34.6 o/oo temp. 3.

1. PACIFIC OCEAN

Google Earth

2. Atlantic Ocean

• shallowest, warmest, saltiest,

• Sal. 35.0 o/oo temp 3.7C

• "Marginal Seas" (Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean) water gets trapped and becomes saltier because of evaporation, then spills back into the Atlantic

evaporation

Dense water sinks

3. INDIAN OCEAN

• slightly smaller than the Atlantic temp. 3.7C salinity 34.8 o/oo

• Monsoons- seasonal shift in currents

4. ANTARCTIC OCEAN a.k.a.(Southern Ocean) • area of mixing of the three other major

oceans, narrow shelf of the continent, no freshwater input

• Look at the "Southern Ocean" from the south pole. Extensive exchange of water between Atlantic, Indian and Pacific

5. ARCTIC OCEAN

• smallest, shallowest, isolated from other oceans, except for the Bering Sea, Fram Strait.

• Persistent pack ice, thicker and harder at the center. Broad shelf and much fresh water input.

• Predicted to be ice-free in the summer by 2050

III. TRIVIA

• Ave. depth of ocean = 3800 m 4 km Ave. elevation of a continent 800m

• Distribution of water and land on the surface 70% water 30%

land

• Northern Hemisphere 60% 40%

• Southern Hemisphere 80% 20%