G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF MECHNICAL

ENGINEERINGON

Hybrid -vehicle

Guided by- Submitted by-Prof-Amol Futane Samruddhi Chintawar Roll No- 04

Motorcycle which uses two OR more power sources to run.

It works on the combination of IC engine and electric motor.

These are usually known as HEV’s.

The 1st HEV was developed in 1990.

WHAT ARE HYBRID VEHICLE??

Hybrid Vehicle

In 1900, Ferdinand Porsche developed the Mixte.

The Mixte included a pair of generators driven by 2.5-hp Daimler IC engines to extend operating range and it could travel nearly 65 km on battery alone. . The Mixte used a gasoline engine powering a generator, which in turn powered electric hub motors, with a small battery pack for reliability. It had a top speed of 50 km/h and a power of 5.22 kW during 20 minutes.

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline-electric hybrid automobile.

HISTORY

In 1950 –An American engineer named H. Piper filed

a patent for a petrol-electric hybrid vehicle. His idea was to use an electric motor to assist an internal-combustion engine, enabling it to achieve 25 mph.  Henri Pieper of Germany/Belgium introduced a hybrid vehicle with an electric motor/generator, batteries, and a small gasoline engine.

1910:- Commercial built a hybrid truck which

used a four-cylinder gas engine to power a generator, eliminating the need for both transmission and battery pack.

In 1915 – The 1915 Dual Power, made by the 

Woods Motor Vehicle electric car maker, had a four-cylinder ICE and an electric motor.

In 1969- The GM 512, a very lightweight experimental hybrid car, ran entirely on electric power up to 10 miles per hour. From 10 to 13 miles per hour, it ran on a combination of batteries and its two-cylinder gas engine

1989:- Audi unveiled the first generation of the Audi Duo experimental vehicle, based on the Audi 100 Avant Quattro. The car had a 12.6 horsepower electric engine, which drove the rear wheels instead of a propeller shaft.

1997:- Audi became the first manufacturer in Europe to take a hybrid vehicle into volume production: the Audi duo based on the A4 Avant. The vehicle was powered by a 90 horsepower 1.9-litre TDI in conjunction with a 29 horsepower electric motor. Both power sources drove the front wheels.

2000:- Toyota released the Toyota Prius, the first hybrid four-door sedan available in the United States.

2002:- Honda introduced the Honda Civic Hybrid, its second commercially available hybrid gasoline-electric car.

2004:- In September, Ford released the Escape Hybrid, the first American hybrid and the first SUV hybrid

1. Diesel – electric2.Nuclear – electric3. Gasoline – electric4. Solar5. Wind6. Hydrogen

7. Water

Power sources

Atkinson Cycle is used.

Cycle used for power generation

1-2 reversible adiabatic compression, 2-3 isochoric heating,

3-4 isobaric heating, 4-5 isentropic expansion, 5-6 isochoric cooling

6-1 isobaric cooling

Temperature. Voltage. Power to Weight ratio. Charging Depth of Discharge

Factors Affecting the performance

1.Series – Increases the voltage; battery capacity

same.2. Parallel-

increases the capacity;keep the voltage same.

Selection is based on the weight of the vehicle.

Battery

Series Hybrid

Parallel Hybrid

Batteries

Stored in cool and dry places. Should not be exposed to direct sun-light. Should not be subjected to an external heat

source. Voltage should be regularly checked. Never leave battery in discharge state.

Safety of battery

Regenerative brake slows down the vehicle. It objects the kinetic energy in the other

form. The stored energy is stored or used

immediately. The excess KE is converted to heat by

friction in the linings of break Increases the range of automobile

Regenerative Breaking

Rotary / Albion gear boxes makes the riding smoother and easier in future.

It gives the freedom to switch more swiftly to battery mode.

It makes easier to during sudden change in speed in traffic.

Rotary gears allows us to move to neutral from highest gear.

Gear Box

The presence of power-electric train intend to achieve better fuel efficiency.

Overcome future problems like fuel price hikes.

Regenerative breaking increases performance.

Help in saving fossil fuel.

Future scope

Provide better mileage. More engine efficiency. Reduces sound pollution. Help to reduce the dependency of fossil fuel. Customer get purchase incentive for such

vehicles. Reduces air pollution and green house gas

emission. Can be charged from solar, wind, biogas

energy.

Advantages

High cost-hybrid vehicles costs high than non-hybrid.

In accident there is high risk of exposure to high voltage wires.

Spare parts are costly. Lower acceleration than normal ones.

Disadvantages

Thank you

References –

http://craig.backfire.ca/pages/autos/horsepower

http://lofi.forum.physorg.com/Torque_11024.html

http://www.czbrushlessmotors.com/brushless-hub-motor-c-1.html-ef/a.org http://www.ieee.org/education_careers/index.html

Automobile Engineering By Kripal Singh.