huong dan altium designer.pdf

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.

LI NI UCng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca my tnh, CAD (Computer Aided Design)

ngy cng hon thin v c ng dng trong hu ht cc lnh vc ca khoa hc k thut.i vi chuyn ngnh in t, nhiu phn mm CAD cho php v mch, m phng mchin v chuyn sang mch in mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nh: OrCAD/PSPICE,EAGLE, Mutisim Workbench, MicroSim, Altium Designer,

Altium Designer, phin bn trc kia c tn gi quen thuc l Protel DXP, l mttrong nhng cng c v mch in t mnh nht hin nay. c pht trin bi hngAltium Limited, Altium Designer (Altium) mang li cho ngi dng mt mi trng lmvic ht sc chuyn nghip. Nhng cng chnh l mt tr ngi ln cho nhng ngimi lm quen vi phn mm ny.


Robocon Thnh 2

Chng 1:V S NGUYN L

Trc ht chng ta cng lm quen vi mi trng lm vic ca Altium Designer.Cho n thi im cun Ebook ang vit th Altium Dsigner ra n phin bn 6.8.Nhng cun Ebook c thc hin trn bn 6.7.

Bn v u tin l mch n nh tc ng c, c s nh sau:

Khi ng chng trnh t shortcut trn destop mn hnh nn hoc t Menu Start>> All programs >>Altium Designer 6 >> Altium Designer 6. Khi ca s lm vicca Altium Designer c dng nh sau:


Robocon Thnh 3

to s nguyn l trc ht ta cn to 1 project (D n) mi:T menu File >> New >> Project >> PCB ProjectHoc bng cc phm tt: F, N, J, B. Vic s dng phm tt s gip bn thit k nhanh

hn. Cc phm tt ca menu tng ng c gch chn di menu hoc lnh tng ng:


Robocon Thnh 4

y ta chn PCB Project: D n mch in phc v cho vic chuyn t s nguyn l sang mch in cc chng sau ny,PCB (Printed Circuit Board): mch in. By gitrn ca s Projects ca Bn lm vic bn phatri s xut hin tn 1 project mi c tn mcnh l: PCB_Project1.PrjPCBv pha bn di xut hin thng bo NoDocuments Added: Do cha c ti liu, bn vno trong d n.

Ta c th lu li Project ny vi tn mi: bm phichut vo PCB_Project1.PrjPCB mt menu mi xuthin, chn Save project ti ca s hin ra chn ni lugi project v t tn mi cho project ti mc Filename l: Baitap1.PrjPCB.

Ta s thy ca s project s c tn mil: Baitap1.PrjPCB. By gi ta thmbn v s nguyn l mch in voproject: bm phi chut voBaitap1.PrjPCB ti menu xut hinchn: Add New to Project, ti menu conhin ra chn tip Schematic (S nguyn l). Cn nu bn v c ttrc ta c th chn Add Existing toProject (tt nhin chng ta cha c bnv no s dng la chn ny).


Robocon Thnh 5

Trn ca s Project bn di Baitap1.PrjPCB xut hin bo cho ta bit ti liu ngunmi c tn mc nh l: Sheet1.SchDoc, ng thi c 2 biu tng xut hin cngBaitap1.PrjPCB v Sheet1.SchDoc l biu tng 2 t giy: t giy bo rng cs thay i trong project va to (ta va thm vo s nguyn l) nhng cha lu li sthay i ny vo project. T giy trng bo rng ti liu Schematic cha c s thay i g(do ta cha v g). Ta lu li bn v ny vi tn mi bng cch bm phi voSheet1.SchDoc ti menu hin ra chn Save, chn ni lu bn v v t tn mi cho bn vti mc File name, y ti t l: Nguyenly1.SchDoc. Tn mi ny tng t cng cth hin li ca s qun l project. Mi trng lm vic ca Altium t ng chuyn sangmi trng v mch nguyn l.Phn tch mch nguyn l u bi cho ta thy: Mch gm 5 din tr, 1bin tr, 2 t

in, 1 cun dy, 3 diode, 1 triac, 2 transistor npn, 1 cng tc chuyn mch 3 chu, 6chn ngun ni mass. Ta tin hnh ly cc linh kin ny t th vin ca Altium. y lmi trng v mch nguyn l:


Robocon Thnh 6

tin hnh ly linh kin ta di chuyn chut n menu Libraries gc phi, nu khng thy menu ny th vo menu: Designe> BrowseLibrary (n phm tt: D, B), sau ko th ca s ny vo gc phi cachng trnh (n v gi chut tri, ri th vo gc phi), hoc n vo nt, khung Libraries s ch t ng Nn, menu Libraries xut hin bn

gc phi cho ta d thao tc. Ca s Libraries xut hin.

Theo mc nh th vinMiscellaneous Devices.IntLib t ngxut hin. Th vin ny cha hu ht cclinh kin dn gin nh: in tr, t in,transistor, .

ly in tr: ta g Res1 vokhung tn linh kin. Hnh dng trong s nguyn l v chn cm (footprint) s xuthin bn di.

Nhp Place Res1 ly in tr.Lc ny

bn cnh con tr chut c si tc hnh chthp (crosshair) ng thi linh kin Res1di chuyn theo con tr ny. Nhng hykhoan n chut tri 1 ln na t res1vo mch nguyn l: bm phm Tab xut hin hp thoi ComponentProperties cha cc thng s v ty chnv linh kin.


Robocon Thnh 7

Ti mc Properties, khung Designator thay R? bng tn linh kin ny l R1 khiu. T ny v sau mi khi ly Res1 k hiu ca linh kin s t ng tng ln 1: R2,R3, . Ti khung Comment miu t linh kin ta c th cho Nn i bng cch b chn mcVisible. Gi tr ca in tr ny bng 39K, Nhng theo mc nh gi tr ny l1K, do taphi nhp li gi tr ny ti mc Parameter for R?-Res1, khung Value thay 1Kbng gi trtng nag l 39K. V cn m bo du tch mc ny c xut hin. ( cho gi tr ny thhin trn bn v). Sau khi nhp xong nhn OK. Lc ny trn con tr chut R? c thaybng R1, nhng nh ta thy th hnh dng ny rt b, phng to hnh v bm phm PageUp trn bn phm 1 hoc nhiu ln n khi no thy hnh v ph hp th thi. thu nhbn v ta c th bm phm Page Down trn bn phm. Chn v tr ph hp trn bn v, numun quay linh kin c th bm phmX, hoc Y, ri bm chut tri t linh kin intr ny ln bn v. Nh vy l R1 c t trn bn v. Sau khi t xong ta thy trncon tr chut vn xut hin linh kin in tr R2 ( c t ng tng ln), do vn trong ch t Res1. Ta c th ly lun 4 in tr cn li bng cch chn nhng v trtrn bn v ri t lin tip 4 in tr ny. kt thc ly Res1 ta bm phm ESC. C 1im cn lu l: cc gi tr in tr trong bn v l khc nhau do ta phi t li cc gitr ny bng cch trc khi t R2, R3, R4, R5 ta bm phm Tab t li cc gi tr ny(hoc c th khng cn thay i ngay, ta s t li cc thng s ny sau).

Tng t, ly 2 t in: vo menu Libraries vn ti th vinMiscellaneousDevices.IntLib ta g Cap v bm chut vo Place Cap, v trc khi t t in ny vo


Robocon Thnh 8

bn v ta cng bm phm Tab hin hp thoi Component properties: ti khungDesignator thay C? bng C1, b chn mc Visible khung Comment. Theo mc nh gi

tr t ny l 100pF, ta c th chnh li gi tr ny (hoc b qua sau ny chnh li) thay100pF bng 0.1uF Khung Value ca mc Parameters for C?-Cap (ch u thay cho k tmicro). Nhn OK v chn 2 v tr khc nhau trn mn hnh lm vic t 2 t ny.

Tip theo, ly Diode: ti menu Libraries,vn ti th vinMiscellaneous Devices.IntLib tag Diode vo khung tn linh kin. Theo mc nhmt cu diode s xut hin u tin. Ta ko xungv chn ng Diode nh hnh v bn.

Nhn Place Diode tr v mn hnh lm vic. n phm Tab v t li tn chodiode ny l D1 thay v D? ti hp thoi n phm Tab hin hp thoi ComponentProperties nh phn trn hng dn. Nhp OK v t 3 diode ln bn v. Nhn ESC kt thc ly diode.


Robocon Thnh 9

Tin hnh ly bin tr, cng ti th vintrn, g Rpot vo khung tn linh kin. NhnPlace RPot quay v mn hnh lm vic.

n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties:

Thay R? bng R6, b chn mc Visible khung Comment, nhp li gi tr 100K khung Value ca mc Parameters for R?-Rpot, sau n OK v mn hnh lm vic,chn v tr thch hp v t bin tr vo. Nhn ESC kt thc ly bin tr.

Tip theo, ly Triac, vn ti th vinMiscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta g Triacvo khung tn linh kin:


Robocon Thnh 10

Chn ng Triac nh hnh v trn. Ri n Place Triac quay v mn hnh lm vic. nphm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties:

Thay Q? bng Q1 ti khung Designator. Ri nhn OK v chn v tr trn mn hnh tQ1. n ESC kt thc ly Triac.

ly Transistor NPN, vn ti th vin trn ta g 2N3904 vo khung tn linh kinri nhn vo Place 2N3904:


Robocon Thnh 11

Trc khi t vo bn v n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties,thay Q? bng Q2 khung Designator, sau nhn OK quay v mn hnh lm vic v t2 transistor vo bn v. n ESC that ch lytransistor.

ly cun dy, vn ti th vin trn, g InductorIron vo khung tn linh kin ti menu Libraries. nPlace Inductor Iron t cun dy vo bn v. Trckhi t n Tab v thay k hiu L? bng L1 ti khungDesignator ca hp thoi Component Properties. NhnOK v Dt cun dy ti v tr thch hp trn bn v. NhnESC that ch ly cun dy.


Robocon Thnh 12

Nh vy l ch cn 2 chn cm cho linh kinngun 220V v ng c. Chn cm ny khngnm trong th vinMiscellaneousDevices.IntLib m nm trong th vinMiscellaneous Conectors.IntLib do ta cnthm th vin ny vo bng cch t menu Libraries nhp vo nt Libraries, ca sAvaiable Libraries xut hin trong bo cho ta bit cc th vin c l:

Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, nhn vo nt


Robocon Thnh 13

Install thm th vin. Ca s Open hin ra, ko chut xung cui v chn th vinMiscellaneous Connectors.IntLib:

(Cc th vin ny thng nm trong ng dn: C:\Program Files\Altium Designer6\Library). Sau nhn Open thm th vin ny.Tip nhn Close ng ca s.

Tr v menu Libraries, lc ny th vin hinti lMiscellaneous Connectors.IntLib, g Header2 vo khung tn linh kin. n Place Header 2 tchn cm ny vo bn v.

n Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties: thay P? khung Designator bng P1,thayHeader 2 khung Comment bng 220V v m bo du tch 2 mc ny l c.


Robocon Thnh 14

Nhn OK v t chn cm cho ngun vo v tr thch hp. Nh vy ta cn chn cm ngc, trc khi t chn cm ny n Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties, tng tthay 220V mc Designator bng ng C.

n OK v t chn cm vo v tr thch hp trn bn v. n ESC kt thc ly chn cm. ly cng tc 3 chu: ti menu

Libraries ta nhp vo mi tn khung thvin, cc th vin ca bn v ta ci t vos hin ra, ko chut ln v chn li th vinlMiscellaneous Devices.IntLib, ti khungtn linh kin g SW-SPDT, Nhp Place SW-SPDT, trc khi t linh kin vo bn v tacng nhn phm Tab t li tn cho cngtc 3 chu ny bng cch thay S? bng S1 mc Designator ca hp thoi ComponentProperties.

Nh vy l ta kt thc vic ly linh kin. Trn mn hnh lm vic lc ny cc linhkin sp xp nh sau:


Robocon Thnh 15

Bygi ta tin hnh sp xp li v ni dy cho mchin. di chuyn linh kin no ta no ta nhp chut vo linhkin , lc ny bao quanh linh kin l vung mu xanh,nhn v gi chut tri di chuyn n v tr thch hp ri thchut. xoay linh kin nhp phm Space Bar (du cch),linh kin s xoay theo chiu kim ng h mt gc 90 . C

nh vy sp xp nh s nguyn l sao cho hp l nht. Nhp nt Save trn thanh cngc lu bn v (Khuyn co: sau mi bc quan trng nn lu ngay bn v, phng


Robocon Thnh 16

trng hp hay mt in nh hin nay). Di y hnh v sp xp linh kin:

By gi ta ni dy cc linh kin vi nhau. Nhpchut vo biu tng Place Wire trn thanh cng c:Hoc t menu Place >> Wire (phm tt P,W), lc nyta ang ch ni dy, con tr chut by gi hnh ch thp v c 2 si tc ch x, nudi chuyn n chn linh kin ch x s c mu . ni 2 chn linh kin vi nhau, nhpchut vo chn th nht, di chuyn n chn th hai v nhp chut ln na.

ly mass ta nhp vo biu tng GND PowerPort trn thanh cng c, hoc t menu Place >> PowerPort (phm tt P, O).

Sau ni mass vi cc linh kin. Nu trong qutrnh ni dy c ni sai dy, nhp trc tip vo on dy v nhn phmDelete trn bnphm. xa b thao tc trc, nhn Undo trn thanh cng c, Redo tc dng ngcli. di chuyn nguyn linh kin, nhp chut linh kin v ko n v tr mi. dichuyn c linh kin c dy ni, hoc cc thnh phn ni lin quan n n, nhn gi chutv nhn gi ng thi phmCtrl trn bn phm, ko n v tr mi, ri th chut.


Robocon Thnh 17

Mch sau khi ni dy hon chnh:

Ta thy rng cc gi tr in tr ca R2, R3, R4, R5 khng ng nh mch cho,tuy ta khng m phng mch nn cc gi tr ny khng quan trng nhng ta c th chnhli chng bng cch: nhp p chut vo cc gi tr , hp thoi Parameter Propertiesxut hin, ta thay gi tr mc nh bng gi tr thch hp trong khung Value.


Robocon Thnh 18

Nhn Save trn thanh cng c lu bn v. Bn v hon chnh nh sau:

Nh vy l kt thc vic v s nguyn l. Chuyn sang chng sau chuyn ts nguyn l ny sang mch in.


Robocon Thnh 19

Chng 2:THIT K MCH IN

Bygi ta chuyn sang giai on thit k mch in ca Mch iu chnh tc ngc m ta v chng trc.

Quay li bn v nguyn l Nguyenly1.SchDoc xem li cc chn cm mc nhcho cc linh kin, c th thy rng Altium Designer cung cp kh nng linh hot chuynqua li gia cc bn v, cc loi ti liu khc nhau trong mt chng trnh duy nht. Tibn v nguyn l, xem chn cm ca linh kin no, ta nhp p vo linh kin , hpthoi Components Properties s xut hin, chng hn nh xem chi tit v linh kintransistor Q2, nhp p linh kin ny, khi hp thoi Components Properties:

Ti khungModels for Q2 2N3904, ta thy kiu chn cm mc nh ca linh kin ny lTO-92, ta cn chn li chn cm ny l TO-220AB, bng cch, kch p vo Footprint,ca s PCB Model xut hin, ti khung PCB Library, b chn mc Use footprint fromcomponent Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib,v chn mc Any. Sau , ti khung Footprint model, ti mc Name, c th g trc tipTO-220AB thay cho TO-92, hoc nhn nt Browse chn chn cm t danh sch ccchn cm ti th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib:


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Gi s nhp Browse, khi ca s Browse Libraries xut hin, vi th vin hin ti vnl Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, ta ko xung v chn TO-220AB, sau nhp OK:


Robocon Thnh 21

Sau nhp OK 2 ln tr v bn v. thay i chn cho transistor Q3, ta tin hnhtng t. Nhp p chut vo t C1 hin hp thoi Component Properties, ti khungModels for C1-Cap, mc RAD-0.3, ko mi tn bn cnh xung v chn li chn cho tC1 l VP32-3.2, sau nhp OK:

Tng t thay i chn cho C2. Thay i chn cho D1, D2, D3 li l AXIAL-0.3. Cn ccchn ca linh kin khc c nh mc nh: chn cm cho P1 v P2 l HDR1X2, cho L1l AXIAL-0.9, cho in tr l AXIAL-0.3, cho bin tr l VR5, cho Triac Q1 l 369-03,cho cng tc S1 l TL36WW15050.

Ta cn kim tra li ca bn v. Vn t mi trng v mch nguyn l, m ProjectBaitap1.PrjPCB, m ti liu Nguyenly1.SchDoc m ta v chng trc. Ti ca sProject, bm phi vo Baitap1.PrjPCB, ti menu hin ra bm chn Compile PCB ProjectBaitap1.PrjPCB, (hoc t menu Project >> Compile PCB Project Baitap1.PrjPCB):


Robocon Thnh 22

Xem li ca bn v bng cch: t menu System cui gc phi bn v, chnMessages.Ta thy rng bn v khng c li nn hp thoi boli khng c g nn ta c th chuyn sang mch inc.

chuyn sang mch in, t ca s qun lWorkspace Panel bn tri, nhp voTab Files, nhp chn PCB Board Wizard ti menu New from template:


Robocon Thnh 23


Robocon Thnh 24

Ca s hin ra bm Next.

Ca s tip theo, ta chn n v o di cho bo mch. C 2 la chn l: ImperialvMetric: trong ta cn ch , nu chn Imperial th n v o l mil, 1000mil = 2.57cm, y l n v hay dng trong thit k mch (cc khong cch chn ca linh kin thng lbi c ca 100mil). Cn nu chn Metric th n v dng l milimet. y chn theoImperial. Sau nhn Next:


Robocon Thnh 25

Ca s tip theo ta chn 1 bo mch mu c sn, c nh mc nh ri bm Next:

Ca s tip theo cung cp thng tin c th v bo mch: chn Outline shape lRectangular (bo hnh ch nht), Board Size ln lt nhp li l 3000 mil v 3000 mil (di rng ca bo mch). Sau nhn Next.


Robocon Thnh 26

Ca s tip theo chn mch in my mt, mc nh 2 mt, ri nhn Next:


Robocon Thnh 27

Ca s tip theo chn kiu chn, ta cng nh mc nh ri nhn Next:

Ca s tip nh mc nh ri nhn Next:


Robocon Thnh 28

Ca s tip theo, ta c th chn:1. Minimum Track Size: rng nh nht ca ng mch in.2. Minimum Via Size: ung knh nh nht ca l cm ngoi linh kin.3. Minimum Via Holesize: ng knh nh nht l cm trong linh kin.Ta c th nh mc nh hoc chn li. Sau nhn Next:

Ca s tip theo chn Finish:


Robocon Thnh 29

Nh vy l ta chuyn sang mi trng v mch in:

Mt bn v dng mch in c tn PCB1.PcbDoc xut hin ca s qun l cc bnv. Ta thy rng bn v ny cha nm trong Project Baitap1.PrjPCB, m nm di dngFree Documents. Do vy ta cn chuyn bn v ny vo project Baitap1.PrjPCB bngcch, ti ca s qun l, ko v th (nhp v gi chut ri di chuyn) tn bn vPCB1.PcbDoc mc Free Documents ln project Baitap1.PrjPCB. Mc FreeDocuments mt i, bn v PCB1.PcbDoc c add vo project Baitap1.PrjPCB, nhnnt Save trn thanh cng c lu li (hoc t menu File, chn Save All). Lc ny mnhnh lm vic c dng nh sau:


Robocon Thnh 30

Bygi ta c th lu bn v ny vi tn khc bng cch: ti ca s qun l project,nhp chut phi vo tn bn v PCB1.PcbDoc, ti menu xut hin chn Save As, nh hnhdi:


Robocon Thnh 31

Sau chn ni lu bn v v t tn mi cho bn v ti mc File name, sau nhnSave. y, t tn lMach_in1.PcbDoc


Robocon Thnh 32

Nhn phm Page up phng to bn v, ko mch in n v tr ng mu :

Nhp chut vo ng mu ny, con tr chut n khi no thnh hnh mi tn 4 hng,ko ng ny ra ht bo mch mu en. Lm tng t vi c 3 ng cn li, bo mchc bao va bi 4 ng ny:

C 4 gc bo mch nh hnh bn trn l c.Chuyn t mch nguyn l Nguyenly1.SchDoc sang mch inMach_in1.PcbDoc

bng cch, ta tr li bn v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, t menu Design >> Update PCBDocument Mach_in1.PcbDoc:


Robocon Thnh 33

Hp thoi Engeneering Change Order xut hin, xc nhn yu cu chuyn ccng, cc linh kin mch nguyn l sang mh in, nhn vo nt Validate Changes, nukhng c li g th ct Check s l cc du mu xanh:


Robocon Thnh 34

Nhn tip nt Execute Changes, tt c cc du tch bn ct Done c mu xanh tng tct Check l c. Sau ng hp thoi ny li.

Chuyn sang bn v mch in Mach_in1.PcbDoc, lc ny cc chn cm cho tt c cclinh kin xut hin, nm bn ngoi bo mch mu en:

Do Altium designer h tr mi trng lm vic thng minh, c th chuyn qua li gia ccbn v mt cch linh hot, ta c th thy th ti liu pha trn c 2 bn v c lit k:Nguyenly1.SchDoc v Mach_in1.PcbDoc: . Ta c thxem 2 bn v cng lc bng cch nhp chut phi vo th ti liu trn, menu hin ra chnSplit Vertical: cc ti liu cng xut hin t tri sang phi theo chiu ngang, cn nu chnSplit Horizontal: cc ti liu cng xut hin t trn xung di theo chiu dc:


Robocon Thnh 35

Sau khi chn Split Vertical, ta s thy 2 bn v cng lc:


Robocon Thnh 36

Chuyn sang bn v Mach_in1.PcbDoc, ta cn thit lp li li Snap grid cho phhp: t menu Design >> Board Options m hp thoi Board Option, (phm tt D,O):

mc Snap Grid v Component Grid ta ln lt ko xung v chn 25 mil khung X vY. Sau nhp OK.

Chn s lp mch in: T menu Design >> Layer StackManager (phm tt D,K) hin hp thoi Layer Stack Manager:

Theo mc nh s c 4 lp, ta cn xa i 2 lp gia, mch in ca ta ch cn 2 mt: 1 mtcm linh kin v 1 mt i dy. Nhp chut vo Internal Plane 1 (No Net), nhn nt Delete gc phi xa lp ny i. Tng t, nhp vo Internal Plane 2 (No Net), nhn ntDelete xa lp ny. Ch cn li 2 lp l Top Layer v Bootom Layer. Sau nhp OK.

By gi ta ko tt c cc linh kin ny vo bo mch mu en, v tin hnh sp xp. ko chn linh kin no ta nhp vo chn linh kin , chn ny lp tc c mu trng


Robocon Thnh 37

bc, tr chut vo chn thy n bin thnh hnh mi tn 4 hng, ko chn linh kin vo bomch mu en. Hoc ta c th chn linh kin, nhm nhiu linh kin t bn v nguyn lbng cch: chuyn sang bn v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, nhp chn linh kin hoc nhm nhiulinh kin m ta mun chn, (thng dng la chn nhiu linh kin khi ta mun xp cclinh kin thy 1 khi chung), chn nhiu linh kin: nhp chut tri v gi ng thi phmShift. Sau khi chn linh kin xong, vo menu Tools >> Select PCB Component,(phm ttT,S). Gi s ta nh xp tt c in tr vo 1 nhm, ta chn linh kint R1 n R5, sau ta vo menu nh trn hng dn:

Lc ny Altium Designer s t ng chuyn sang mi trng v mch inMach_in1.PcbDoc, cc chn cm tng ng cho R1 n R5 c chn, chuyn sangmu bc, ta ko nhm linh kin ny vo bo mch:


Robocon Thnh 38

Sau khi ko vo bo mch xong, ta thy khong cch gia chng kh xa nhau, ta cn spxp li, nhp chut ra ch khc, nhp chut tng linh kin v ko chung li gn nhau vikhong cch hp l. Sau , chn 5 chn cm ny bng cach gi ng thi phm Shift vnhp chut tri vo 5 chn cm ny, hoc dng chut khoanh chn trc tip 5 chn cmny. Sau nhp cng c Alignment Tools trn thanh cng c v mch, ri chnMakeHorizontal Spacing of Components Equal, (phm tt Ctrl+Shift+H), cc chn cm tR1 n R5 s c dn cch u chiu ngang, nhp chn tip cng c ny ln na v chnAlign Component by Top Edges, (phm tt Ctrl+Shift+T), cc chn linh kin ny s csp thng hng trn:

Kt qu sau khi thc hin, R1 n R5 c sp thng hng v dn cch u:

Sp xp cc linh kin khc theo v tr thch hp. Mun xoay linh kin trong khi gi v kochn linh kin nhn phm SpaceBar trn bn phm, chn cm s xoay ngc chiu kimng h mt gc 90 .

Hnh bo mch sau khi sp xp chn cm linh kin hon chnh:

Nhn nt Save lu bn v. chn dy ng mch in v cc thit lp khc, vomenu Design > Rules (phm tt D,R) hin hp thoi PCB Rules and Constraints Editor:


Robocon Thnh 39

Chn Design Rules, chn tip Routing >> Width >>Width, bn pha phi, ti khungConstraints ln lt in 20mil vo cc mc Min Width, Preferred Width, Max Width, rinhn Apply. Tip theo, chuyn sang mc Electrical >> Clearance >>Clearance: bn phaphi, khung Constraints, mc Minimum Clearance nhp li gi tr 20mil vo:

Sau nhp Apply.Chuyn sang mc Routing Layers >> Routing Layers, pha bn phi, mc Constraints, tathy c tu chn Enable Layers: ty chn nhng lp mch in, do ta thit lp mch in 2


Robocon Thnh 40

mt, nn s thy c 2 lp: Top layer v Bottom layer, lp Top layer ta s ch dng cmlinh kin, v s cho i dy mt di, nn ta b chn ct Allow Routing i vi TopLayer:

Chuyn sang mc Routing>> Routing Vias Style >> Routing Vias, bn pha phi, khungConstrants, mc Via Diameter, nhp li 70mil, 70mil, 70mil ln lut vo gi tr Minimum,Maximum, Preferred. Mc Via Hole Size, nhp li c 3 gi tr l 30mil:


Robocon Thnh 41

Nhp OK ng hp thoi ny li.Ta ko ng bao trn bo mch xung sao chova cc chn cm:

Ta c th cho dng ch m t mch in t ln mch in: click chut vo Place Stringtrn thanh cng c v mch, dng ch String xut hin, n phm Tab trn bn phm

hin hp thoi String:

in dng ch mun cho ln mch vo Text, chn lp t dng ch ny Layer lBottom Layer. Sau nhp OK v t dng ch vo v tr thch hp:


Robocon Thnh 42

Bygi ta tin hnh cho mch t ng chy thnh mch in: t menu Auto Route >> All,(phm tt A,A), hp thai Situs Routing Stragety xut hin, ta nhn vo nt Rout All:


Robocon Thnh 43

Lc ny mch s t ng chy thnh mch in: ca s Massages ng thi xut hin, chacc thng tin v qu trnh chy mch in. Khi no mch chy xong s c thng bo xem cli g khng:

Cn ch vo 2 mc cui cng:1.Routing Status: s thng bo cc linh kin c c ni v ng vi nhau nh bn vnguyn l khng. Nu ni ng s c thng bo l: 100% nh trn hnh v.2.Situs Event: thng bo s kt ni li m n khng t ng ni c.Nh vy l mch ca ta khng c li g, mch in sau khi t ng chy:


Robocon Thnh 44

cho mch in p hn, ta c th tin hnh ph cc khong trng trn mch. T menuPlace > Polygon Pour (phm tt P,G) hp thoi Polygon Pour xut hin :

Mc Properties, Layer chn l Bottom Layer, mc Net Options Connect to Net bnc th chn l No net, nu mun cc ng ph ny khng ni vi dy no, hoc chnGND nu mun ni cc ng ny vi mass. Sau nhp OK. Sau nhp vo 4 gc bomch: 4 im nh du bng mi tn hnh di:


Robocon Thnh 45

Sau nhp ESC. Ta s thy mch in ca ta c ph t:


Robocon Thnh 46

Ta thy rng tn ca cc linh kin nh R1, R2 xut hin trong bn v trng rtri. Ta c th cho Nn cc tn linh kin ny i bng cch: click vo tn 1 linh kin bt ktrong bn v, chng hn nh tn R1, sau nhp chut phi, menu hin ra chn FindSimilar Objects. Ca s Find Similar Objects xut hin, tm dch l tm kim nhng itng ging nhau:

Ti mc Object Specific, khung String Type bn s thy dng ch Designator (tn linhkin), bn hy nhp chut tri vo c ch Any, ko mi tn xug v chn li l Same, tcl ta s tm kim tt c tn linh kin trong bn v, nhp OK. Ca s PCB Inspector xuthin, v bo cho ta rng c 18 i tng ny trong bn v, ko rng ca s ny ra v nhdu tch vo Hide, ri ng ca s ny li. Tt c tn ca cc linh kin ny c Nn i.Sau nhn nt Clear gc phi pha di mn hnh tr v ch bnh thng:


Robocon Thnh 47

Altium Designer h tr xem mch in ch 3D, rt ging vi bo mch tht trnthc t. Ta c th xem bo mch ch 3D, phin bn ti ang dng l 6.7 cc phin bntrc c th khng h tr tnh nng ny. T menu View > Board in 3D (phm tt V,3), tuynhin transistor khng c trong th vin 3D do s c thng bo hin ra, bn c nhp OK b qua, 1 bo mch 3D xut hin:


Robocon Thnh 48

Tuy nhin, do ta chn kch thc bo mach to hn kch thc cn thit nn trng n rt to.y l mt trn, ta c th dng chut tri xoay bo mch xem mi gc , vi tnhnng ny cho php ta xem sn phNm ca mnh thit k.

y l bo mch pha mt di.Mt s ch : Nu thy mch in cha hp l hay bn mun sp xp li linh kin, bn

c th quay li bn v mch in:Mach_in1.PcbDoc, menu Tools > Un-Route > All (phmtt T,U,A), sau tin hnh thay i li theo mun. Ri bn cho chy li mch in nh hng dn.

Altium Designer cn cung cp 1 chc nng kh hay khc l chuyn cc bn v ranh dng pdf c th in n c d dng. Vi tnh nng ny bn c th mang bn v camnh sang cc my tnh khc xem v in n m my khng nht thit phi ci phnmm Altium Designer. Vo menu File > Smart PDF (phm tt F,M), ca s Smart PDFhin ra, nhn Next, ca s tip theo hin ra Choose Export Target c 2 la chn:Current Project: la chn ny cho php file pdf to ra tt c cc bn v trong ProjectBaitap1.PrjPCBCurrent Document: la chn ny th file pdf to ra ch c bn v ca ti liu hin thi, bnv m bn chn. y chn Current Project. Phn Output File Name t tn file pdf s to ra v ni lufile ny,sau nhn Next hin ca s tip theo vi cc la chn c th tip theo. Hocta c th nhn Finish kt thc:


Robocon Thnh 49

My tnh cn ci sn phn mm c file pdf nh: Adobe Acrobat, Foxit Reader thfile pdf s c t ng m ra sau khi to xong.


Robocon Thnh 50

Nh vy l ta kt thc vic v mch in t s nguyn l. Tt nhin, vic vmch khng ch c th. Cn rt nhiu vn khc na nh: to th vin linh kin cng nhchn linh kin mi. V Altium Designer cng khng ch c vy: khng ch c thit k

mch in, m cn thit k h thng nhng, thit k FPGA