human body systems and functions 7-3.2: recall the major organs of the human body and their...
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Human Body Systems and Functions
7-3.2: Recall the major organs of the human body and their functions within
their particular body system.
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Circulatory System
The system that is responsible for carrying
materials through out the body
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Heart
Function:
Causes blood to flow through the body by its pumping action
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Blood Vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins)
Function:
• Tubes that carry blood throughout the entire body
• Most arteries carry blood that has oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.
• Most veins carry waste products from all the parts of the body back to the heart.
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• Capillaries are very small vessels where oxygen and nutrients leave the blood to go into the cells and carbon dioxide and other waste products enter the blood from the cells.
• Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma that have different functions.
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Respiratory• The system that is responsible for
providing gas exchange between the blood and the air.
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Nose
Function:
Collects air from the environment and moistens and heats the air before it enters the trachea.
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Trachea
Function:
The windpipe; moves the air from the nose to the lungs
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Bronchi(bronchus)
Function:
Tubes that move air from the trachea to the lungs; one bronchus leads to each lung; part of each bronchus is outside the lung and part is inside.
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Lungs
Function:
The main organs where gases are exchanged between air and the blood; the alveoli in the lungs are where the gas exchange takes place.
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Diaphragm
Function:
The muscle that aids in the breathing process.
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Respiratory System Video(8:00)
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Excretory(Also known as Urinary System)
Function:
To filter out cellular wastes, toxins (chemicals that could be poisonous to the body), and excess water that result from
cellular respiration.
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Kidneys
Function:
The two kidneys get rid of urea (excess water), and some other waste materials
released by the cells. These are eliminated as urine.
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Ureters
Function:
Tubes which connect each kidney to the bladder
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Bladder
Function:
A saclike muscular organ which stores urine until it is released from the body
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Urethra
Function:
Tube through which urine passes before it is removed from the body
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Excretory System
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Digestive System
Function:
Is to break down foods into nutrients that can be used by the body, absorb nutrients that are necessary for energy, growth, and
maintenance, and rid the body of solid wastes.
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Mouth
Function:
Begins to break down food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion;
salvia in the mouth starts the process of chemical digestion.
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Esophagus
Function:
The transport tube that carries chewed food to the stomach
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Stomach
Function:
Continues the process of mechanical digestion; and secretes gastric juices that continue the process of chemical digestion
started in the mouth
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Small Intestines
Function:
The organ where most of the chemical digestion of food takes place; nutrients
from food are also absorbed through the small intestines
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Large Intestines
Function:
The organ where water is absorbed from the food and taken into the bloodstream;
prepares the remaining undigested food for elimination from the body
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Rectum and Anus
Function:
The rectum is a short tube that stores solid waste until it is eliminated from the body
through the anus
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Liver
Function:
A secondary organ of the digestive system that produces bile, which is used by the
body to break up fat particles.
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Gallbladder
Function:
A secondary organ to the digestive system that functions to store bile produced by the
liver
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Pancreas
Function:
A secondary organ to the digestive system that functions to produce digestive juices that help to further break down the food in
the small intestine.
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Digestive/Excretory
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Nervous System
Function: The main functions of the nervous system are to receive stimuli from inside
and outside the body, to interpret the stimuli, and initiate responses for survival.
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Brain
Function:
An organ of the central nervous system, which has three distinct parts that all serve to control and coordinate the activities of
the body.
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3 Parts of the Brain
• Cerebrum – it controls thoughts, voluntary actions, and the sensations related to the five senses.
• Cerebellum – it helps with balance and coordination.
• Brain stem – is located at the base of the brain and controls vital and involuntary processes ( breathing, the beating of the heart, and digestion.)
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Spinal Cord
Function:
Is a bundle of nerves that begins at the brain stem and continues down the center of the
back through the vertebrae. It connects with the peripheral nerves.
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Peripheral nerves
Function:
Is a network of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and connects to the rest of the body and transmit signals to and from
the brain through the spinal cord.
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Nervous System
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Muscular System
Function:
Is to provide movement
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Skeletal muscles
Function:
Voluntary muscles attached to bones and provide the force needed to move the bones; tendons connect the skeletal
muscles to bones
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Smooth muscles
Function:
Involuntary muscles that control many types of movement within the body (such as
digestion)
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Cardiac muscle
Function:
Involuntary muscle that forms the heart
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Skeletal System
Function:
The main functions are to provide support for the body, to protect internal organs, and to provide attachment sites for the
muscles.
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Bones
Function:
Provide shape and support for the body and protection for many organs and structures;
some bones produce blood cells; some store minerals.
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Joints – occur where two or more bones meet
Ligaments – attach bones at the joints
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Integumentary (Skin)
Function:Covers the body and prevents the loss of
water; it protects the body from infection and injury; it helps to regulate body
temperature, get rid of wastes (sweat), receives information from the environment
and produces vitamin D.
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How Systems Work Together
• All body systems are dependent upon the circulatory system to transport materials.
• The circulatory system works with the excretory to help remove wastes from the body.
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• The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to make sure that oxygen (O2) reaches the bloodstream and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the bloodstream.
• The digestive system works with the circulatory system to make sure that nutrients made available by digestion get to the cells of the body.
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• The nervous system works with the muscular and skeletal systems to direct behavior and movement.
• The nervous system controls internal processes in the body (ex: digestion and circulation).
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• Muscles control the movement of materials through some organs (ex: stomach, intestines, and the heart.)
• The muscular and skeletal systems work together to help the body move.