how subsoilers work in various soils - study
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acorn conference. November 23, 2015, Denis La France, dta, Expert in organic agriculture –
Anne Weill, agr., Ph.D.
![Page 2: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
! CETAB+ Team § Eve Cayer, agr., Sam Chauvette agr., M.Sc., Aurélie Demers, dta., Jean Duval, agr. Ph.D., Audrey Fréchette, Pierre Antoine Gilbert, agr., M.Sc., Denis La France, dta, Louis Rousseau, B.Sc., Audrey Ross, dta., Joshua Bougon-‐Ronin, Anne Weill Ph.D.
! Pierre Bournival, Eng., M.Sc. Teacher, Cégep régional de Lanaudière
![Page 3: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
! Sébastien Angers (Ferme Rheintal) ! Jean-‐François Arpin (Ferme l’Arche du Ruisseau)
! Simon Audette (Ferme Monlou et filles) ! John Bastian (Ferme Morgan) ! Alain Courchesne (Ferme Alain Courchesne et Rachel Cloutier)
! Jean Leclerc, dta., enseignant au Cégep de Victoriaville
! RDR Grains et semences inc.
![Page 4: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
! Agritex Yamaska (John Deere) ! Centre agricole Yamaska Inc (Case IH) ! Comptoir agricole de Sabrevois (Jo-‐ber) ! Kverneland Canada ! La Sole Inc.
![Page 5: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
! Often subsoiling effect disappear quickly
! Stabilizing with rapid root development helps maintain effects
! To subsoil established green manure (undersown clovers after cereal harvest) and hay fields so that roots colonize
![Page 6: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
! To subsoil established green manure (undersown clovers after cereal harvest) and hay fields
! Allow roots to stabilize loosened soil § Identify subsoilers that don’t damage the crops
§ Loosen the soil properly § Raise the yields in following years
![Page 11: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
! 3 straight-‐leg, narrow point subsoilers § Panbuster: developped in Ireland for grassland
§ Jober (Parabolic type) § Yeomans: Australian with possibility of adding weed-‐suppressing sweeps
! Sandy loam and loam on glacial till
![Page 12: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
30 cm
![Page 17: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
30 cm
![Page 19: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
! In sandy loam and loam on till, insufficient loosening
! One exception with Loam (till) ! Jober (Parabolic) works better
![Page 20: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
! Insufficient loosening of profile ! Solutions : Work deeper, closer spacing of tines, wider points
! Depth limited by: § Traction capacity of tractors § Machine design features: • Yeomans very difficult to pull • Panbuster conceived for work at 30-‐35 cm
![Page 21: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
! Deeper work = wider loosening
![Page 22: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
! Panbuster, Yeomans & farmer-‐owned machines § Unverferth-‐straight-‐tines, § John Deere et Will-‐Rich – curved-‐tines and winged
! More powerful tractors ! 3 farms (4 sites): Sandy loam, loam, compact
heavy clay, very compact heavy clay ! Ordered wide points on Panbuster-‐ received
wrong parts
![Page 23: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
! Only one machine works deeply (45 cm) § (Unverferth – narrow points)
! 350 Hp tractor-‐ soil very dry and hard
![Page 25: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Only top part loosened-‐ Underneath smearing MOISTURE? SOIL TYPE? TINE GEOMETRY?
![Page 26: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
! Review of literature to better understand how tines and points work.
! Discussions with Dick Godwin. ! Planning a demonstation with wide range of subsoiler types to understand how tines and points work.
![Page 29: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
! Straight legs ! Curved legs ! Parabolic legs ! Narrow and winged-‐points ! Disk ripper
! In autumn 4 & 6 tine parabolic
![Page 30: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Loosened soil
Soil compressed by the tines
Loosened soil
![Page 31: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
! Insufficient loosening of soil profile ! Tractors not powerful enough, often poorly balanced
! Easy to subsoil when not too compact, very difficult when very compact (80 Hp /leg is needed)
! Security systems are too week ! Smearing even after prolonged drought
![Page 32: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
25 cm
35 cm (one leg removed)
![Page 33: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
! Why deeper smearing in very dry soil? ! Narrow or wide points/wings? ! Straight, curved or parabolic legs? ! Spacing between legs? ! Best rake angle? ! How much lift height is best? ! How to succeed in really hard soil? ! Review of literature : answers come from work of Dick Godwin & Gordon Spoor
![Page 39: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Working depth: 40 cm Central tines spacing OK Whole profile is loosened 40 cm deep Very good for reduced tillage systems
Parabolic V-‐frame
![Page 45: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
! Working depth -‐ Required power (hp/tine)
! 30 cm 50 HP ! 40 cm 75 HP ! 50 cm 125 HP
![Page 52: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: How Subsoilers Work in Various Soils - Study](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030215/5878b42c1a28ab724c8b62db/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
! We still have questions. ! Answers are site-‐specific ! See our document –CETAB+ site, edited by Anne Weill with help from Dick Godwin et Gordon Spoor
http://www.cetab.org/system/files/publications/weill_2015._guide_to_successful_subsoiling._cetab.pdf