hormones hormon hormons

7/24/2019 Hormones hormon hormons

1/14

Hypothalamus

Secreted hormone Abbreviation Produced by Effect

Thyrotropin-

releasing hormone TRH

Parvocellular

neurosecretoryneurons

Stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone

(TSH)released fromanterior pituitary(primarily)

Dopamine

(Prolactin-

inhibiting hormone)

DA or PIHDopamineneurons of the

arcuate nucleus

Inhiitprolactinreleased fromanterior

pituitary

ro!th hormone-

releasing hormone!HRH

"euroendocrineneurons of the

Arcuate nucleus

Stimulate !ro#th hormone (!H)releasefrom anterior pituitary

Somatostatin

(gro!th hormone-

inhibiting hormone)

SS$ !HIH$ orSRI%

"euroendocrine

cells of thePeriventricular

nucleus

Inhiit !ro#th hormone (!H)release from

anterior pituitaryInhiit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

release from anterior pituitary

onadotropin-

releasing hormone

!nRH or

&HRH

"euroendocrinecells of the

Preoptic area

Stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone(%SH)release from anterior pituitary

Stimulate luteini'ing hormone (&H)release

from anterior pituitary

"orticotropin-

releasing hormoneRH or R%

Parvocellular

neurosecretory

neuronsof the

Paraventricular"ucleus

Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone

(ATH)release fromanterior pituitary

#$ytocin T or *T

+agnocellular

neurosecretoryneuronsof the

Supraoptic

nucleusand

Paraventricularnucleus

,terine contraction

&actation (letdo#n refle)

%asopressin

(antidiuretichormone)

ADH or A.Por .P

Parvocellular

neurosecretoryneurons$

+agnocellular

neurosecretoryneuronsof the

Paraventricular

nucleusand

Supraopticnucleus

Increases #ater permeaility in the distal

convoluted tuule and collecting duct ofnephrons$thus promoting #ater

reasorption and increasing lood volume

Pineal body(epiphysis)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus


2/14

Secreted hormone &rom cells Effect

'elatonin Pinealocytes

Antioidant

+onitors the circadian rhythmincludinginducement of dro#sinessand lo#ering of the

middle ody temperaturesleep cycle

Pituitary gland(hypophysis)

Anterior pituitarylobe (adenohypophysis)

Secreted hormone Abbreviation &rom cells Effect

ro!th hormone

(somatotropin)!H Somatotrophs

Stimulates gro#thand cellreproduction

Stimulates Insulin-li/e gro#th factor 0release from liver

Thyroid-stimulating

hormone(thyrotropin)

TSH Thyrotrophs

Stimulates thyroine(T1) and

triiodothyronine(T2) synthesis and release

from thyroid glandStimulates iodine asorption y thyroid

gland

Adrenocorticotropic

hormone

(corticotropin)

ATH orticotrophs

Stimulates corticosteroid(glucocorticoidand mineralcorticoid) and androgen

synthesis and release from adrenocortical

cells

eta-endorphin - orticotrophs Inhiits perception of pain

&ollicle-stimulating

hormone%SH !onadotrophs

In females3 Stimulates maturation of

ovarian folliclesin ovary

In males3 Stimulates maturation ofseminiferous tuules

In males3 Stimulates spermatogenesis

In males3 Stimulates production ofandrogen-inding proteinfrom Sertoli

cellsof the testes

uteini*ing hormone &H !onadotrophs

In females3 Stimulates ovulationIn females3 Stimulates formation of corpus

luteum

In males3 Stimulates testosteronesynthesis

from &eydig cells (interstitial cells)

Prolactin PR& &actotrophs Stimulates mil/ synthesis and release frommammary glands

+ediates seual gratification

'elanocyte-

stimulating hormone+SH

+elanotropes

in the Pars

intermediaofthe Anterior

Pituitary

Stimulates melaninsynthesis and release

from s/in4hair melanocytes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowsinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_body_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_body_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralcorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-endorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminiferous_tubulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealocyteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowsinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_body_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralcorticoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-endorphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotrophshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminiferous_tubulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactotrophhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocytes


3/14

Posterior pituitarylobe (neurohypophysis)


#$ytocin

+agnocellularneurosecretory

cells

,terine contraction&actation (letdo#n refle)

%asopressin

(antidiuretic

hormone)

ADH or A.PParvocellularneurosecretory

neurons

Increases #ater permeaility in the distal

convoluted tuule and collecting duct ofnephrons$ thus promoting #ater reasorption

and increasing lood volume

ytocin and anti-diuretic hormone are not secreted in the posterior loe$ merely stored5

Thyroid


Triiodothyronine T2Thyroid

epithelial cell

(+ore potent form of thyroid hormone)Stimulates ody oygen and energyconsumption$ therey increasing theasal

metaolic rate

Stimulates R"A polymeraseI and II$therey promotingprotein synthesis

Thyro$ine

(tetraiodothyronine)T1

Thyroid

epithelial cells

(&ess active form ofthyroid hormone)

(Acts as aprohormoneto triiodothyronine)Stimulates ody oygen and energy

consumption$ therey increasing theasal

metaolic rate

Stimulates R"A polymeraseI and II$therey promotingprotein synthesis

"alcitoninParafollicularcells

Stimulates osteolastsand thus one

constructionInhiits a67release from one$ therey

reducing lood a67

Alimentary system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letdown_reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_epithelial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitoninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium


4/14

Stomach


astrin(Primarily) ! cells Secretion of gastric acidyparietal cells

hrelin P4D0 cells

Stimulate appetite$

secretion of gro#th hormonefrom anterior

pituitary gland

+europeptide , "P8

increased food inta/e and decreased physical

activity5 It can e associated #ith oesity5

Somatostatin D cells

Suppress release of gastrin$cholecysto/inin(9)$ secretin$ motilin$ vasoactive intestinal

peptide(.IP)$ gastric inhiitory polypeptide

(!IP)$ enteroglucagon

&o#ers rate of gastric emptying Reduces

smooth musclecontractions and lood flo#

#ithin the intestine5:0;

Histamine s glands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide_Yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteroglucagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Colorado-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/D1_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide_Yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystokininhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteroglucagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Colorado-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X_cell&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunner's_gland


5/14


6/14

/idney


0enin(Primarily) Cutaglomerular cellsActivates therenin-angiotensin systemy

producing angiotensin Iofangiotensinogen

Erythropoietin(EP#)


7/14

(epinephrine)

(Primarily)

=oost the supply of oygenand glucose

to therainand muscles(y increasing

heart rateand stro/e volume$

vasodilation$increasingcatalysisof

glycogenin liver$ rea/do#n of lipidsinfat cells)

Dilate thepupils

Suppress non-emergency odily

processes (e5g5$ digestion)

Suppress immune system

+oradrenaline

(norepinephrine)hromaffin cells

%ight-or-flight response3

=oost the supply of oygenand glucose

to therainand muscles(y increasing

heart rateand stro/e volume$

vasoconstrictionand increasedloodpressure$ rea/do#n of lipidsin fat

cells)

Increases/eletal musclereadiness5

Dopamine hromaffin cells Increaseheartrate andlood pressureEnephalin hromaffin cells Regulate pain

0eproductive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkephalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkephalinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cell


8/14

Testes


Androgens(chiefly

testosterone)&eydig cells

Anaolic3 gro#th of muscle massand strength$increasedone density$ gro#th and strength$

.irili'ing3 maturationof se organs$ formation

of scrotum$deepening of voice$ gro#th ofeard

and aillary hair5

Estradiol Sertoli cells Prevent apoptosisof germ cells:F;

.nhibin Sertoli cells Inhiit production of %SH

#varian follicleand corpus luteum


Progesterone !ranulosa cells$ thecacells

Supportpregnancy3:G;

onvert endometriumto secretory stage

+a/e cervical mucusthic/ and

impenetrale to sperm5

Inhiit immuneresponse$ e5g5$ to#ards

the human emryo

Decrease uterine smooth musclecontractility:G;

Inhiit lactation

Inhiit onset of laor5

ther3

Raise epidermal gro#th factor-0levels

Increase core temperature during

ovulation:;

Reduce spasmand rela smooth muscle

(#idenronchiand regulatemucus)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-GeorgiaPhysiology-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilizinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoli_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_folliclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_lininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-colostate-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_(childbirth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-GeorgiaPhysiology-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus


9/14

Anti-inflammatory

Reduce gall-ladderactivity:;

"ormali'eloodclotting and vasculartone$ 'incand copperlevels$ celloygen

levels$ and use of fat stores for energy

Assist in thyroidfunction andone

gro#th y osteolasts

Increaseresilienceinone$teeth$gums$

?oint$ tendon$ligament$and s/in

Promote healing y regulating collagen

Provide nerve function and healing y

regulating myelin

Prevent endometrial cancery

regulating effects of estrogen

Androstenedione Theca cells Sustrate for estrogen

Estrogens(mainly

estradiol)

!ranulosa cells Structural3

Promote formation of female secondaryse characteristics

Accelerate heightgro#th

Accelerate metaolism(urn fat)

Reduce musclemass

Stimulate endometrialgro#th

Increaseuterinegro#th

+aintainlood vesselsand s/in

Reduceone resorption$ increase one

formation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall-bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall-bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_internahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulosa_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorption


10/14

Proteinsynthesis3

Increase hepatic production of inding

proteins

oagulation3

Increase circulating level of factors6$ $

J$ 0K$ antithrominIII$plasminogen

Increaseplateletadhesiveness

IncreaseHD&$triglyceride$height

gro#th

Decrease&D&$ fatdeposition

%luid alance3

Regulate salt (sodium) and #ater

retention

Increasegro#th hormone

Increasecortisol$SH=!

!astrointestinal tract3

Reduce o#el motility

Increase cholesterol inile

+elanin3

Increasepheomelanin$ reduce

eumelanin

ancer3

Support hormone-sensitivereast

cancers:J;(Suppression of production inthe ody of estrogen is a treatment for
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasminogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheomelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheomelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hormone-sensitive&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hormone-sensitive&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasminogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHBGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheomelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumelaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hormone-sensitive&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-8


11/14

these cancers5)

&ung function3

Promote lung function y supportingalveoli5:0K;

.nhibin !ranulosa cellsInhiit production of %SHfrom anterior

pituitary

Placenta(!hen pregnant)


Progesterone

(Primarily)

Supportpregnancy3:G;

Inhiitimmuneresponse$ to#ards

the fetus5

Decrease uterine smooth muscle

contractility:G;

Inhiitlactation

Inhiit onset of laor5

Supportfetalproduction ofadrenalmineralo- and

glucosteroids5

ther effects on mother similar toovarian follicle-progesterone

Estrogens(mainly

Estriol) (Also

Primarily)


12/14

increase insulin resistanceand

carohydrateintolerance

.nhibin %etal Tropholasts suppress %SH

6terus(!hen pregnant)


Prolactin PR&Decidual

cellsmil/ production in mammary glands

0ela$inDecidual

cells,nclear in humans and animals

"alcium regulation

Parathyroid


Parathyroid

hormone

PTH Parathyroid

chief cell

alcium3

Stimulates a67

release from one$therey increasing lood a67

Stimulates osteoclasts$ thus rea/ing

do#n one

Stimulates a67reasorption in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophoblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle_stimulating_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_glandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_cellshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclast


13/14

/idney

Stimulates activated vitamin D

production in /idney

Phosphate3

Stimulates P2-1release from ones$

therey increasing lood P2-15

Inhiits P2-1reasorption in /idney$

so more P2-1is ecreted

verall$ small net drop in serum P2-

15

Sin


"alcidiol(34-

hydro$yvitamin D5)Inactive form of vitamin D2

'iscellaneous

Heart


Atrial-natriuretic

peptide

A"P ardiac

myocytes

Reducelood pressurey3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcidiolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial-natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure


14/14

reducing systemicvascular resistance$

reducing lood #ater$ sodium and fats

rain natriuretic

peptide="P

ardiacmyocytes

(To a lesser degree than A"P) reducelood

pressurey3

reducing systemicvascular resistance$

reducing lood #ater$ sodium and fats

one marro!


Thrombopoietin liver and /idney cellsstimulates mega/aryocytesto produce

platelets:2;

Adipose tissue


eptin(Primarily) Adipocytesdecrease of appetiteand increase of

metaolism5

Estrogens7118(mainly

Estrone)Adipocytes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_fatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-Kaushansky2006-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte

hormones hormon hormons

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