HONORS FORENSIC SCIENCE

Who is Mrs. Kunkle??

Classroom Expectations• You will have homework most nights• You are expected to come in and start the

warm up that is on the board and copy the essential questions onto your weekly sheet. Start class ON TASK.

• You are expected to collaborate with others at times, and at other times do your own work. Cheating will not be tolerated.

• You are expected to act respectful to me and each other. BE KIND ALWAYS.

Materials Needed

• PENCIL• PEN• Composition Notebook for Labs• Paper• Binder or folder to keep ALL of our work in.

You will need to keep EVERYTHING!

syllabus

• Please follow along as I BREIFLY go over the syllabus. I know you can read, so we aren’t going to act like you can’t

Movie Time• You will get in a team of 5 AFTER I give

directions.• Your task will be to make a short film on one of

the following topics:– Lab Safety– Team work in the classroom– Technology in the classroom– Respect in the classroom

• You will create a group check sheet that must have three teacher initials before you get an ipad to film

Team Checklist

• Brainstorm a list of the 10 points you will include in your film

• Write out a summary of your plot, theme or idea including what props you will need.

• Write script• Film (you must have the above three

things written out and approved before getting an ipad.

Hint: Notice the bones in the trash.

WARM UPAn inconsiderate slob dumped

trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn.

One of these two suspects is guilty. Slylock Fox found evidence that may identify

the loathsome litterbug.

What did Slylock observe to help him identify the trash tosser?

Source: http://www.slylockfox.com/arcade/BrainBogglers/index.html

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How has TV dramatized the duties of Crime Scene Investigation? How Is real life different? HOT Q1:Identify 3 negative CSI effects  3  positive CSI effects the author talks aboutHOT Q2: What are specific factors that true crime labs differ from than TV Crime labs?HOT Q3:

Slylock found bones in the trash.

The bull is an herbivore and only eats plants.

The raccoon is an omnivore and eats both plants and animals. The raccoon is the trash tosser.

You have about 45 minutes to film!

Trivia! January 26

Week 1 - Friday

T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

1. Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who was convicted on the basis of which type of forensic evidence? A. Bite marks C. DNA fingerprinting B. Latent fingerprints D. Ballistics

2. The time of death can be calculated by various means. One is rigor mortis, Latin for 'the stiffness of death'. Another indication is livor mortis or lividity. What does this term refer to? A. Cloudiness in the eyesB. Gravitational pooling of blood C. Degree of digestion of stomach contentsD. Relaxation of muscles following to rigor mortis

3. When attempting to identify a skeleton, craniofacial morphology (the structure and form of the skull and face) is the best indicator of race. One group of human beings has a unique, rounded jaw bone which is called a 'rocker jaw'. This is a characteristic of which ethnic group? A. Australian Aborigines C. African Americans B. Chinese D. Hawaiians

1. Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who was convicted on thebasis of which type of forensic evidence? A. Bite marks Although he denied being the killer, Bundy made the mistake of biting one ofhis victims. So although he lied through his teeth, his teeth marks didn’t lie!

2. The time of death can be calculated by various means. One is rigor mortis, Latin for 'the stiffness of death'. Another indication is livor mortis or lividity. What does this term refer to? B. Gravitational pooling of blood Livor is Latin for 'a black and blue spot' and refers to the discoloration of the skin in the lowest part of a cadaver resulting from the gravitational pooling of blood.

3. When attempting to identify a skeleton, craniofacial morphology (the structure and form of the skull and face) is the best indicator of race. One group of human beings has a unique, rounded jaw bone which is called a 'rocker jaw'. This is a characteristic of which ethnic group? D. Hawaiians - The 'rocker jaw' is so called because it will rock back and forth like a rocking chair if gently pushed.

Forensic Science

T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net

David was sitting in his hotel room reading a book, when he heard a knock at the door, and the sound of someone trying the door handle. He opened the door, where he saw a man whom he had never seen before.

The man said, "I'm terribly sorry ... I thought this was my room. Wrong floor, I guess." He then walked off down the hall toward the elevator.

David went back into his room, thought about what had just happened, and then phoned the front desk, suggesting they call the police, since the man at the door had obviously been a thief.

Why was David so sure the man had been a thief?

Essential Question: Who are the people that are most important in approaching, preserving, and processing a crime scene?

Source: http://www3.sc.maricopa.edu/ajs/crime_scene_technician.htm

Warm Up January 27

Crime stats over the last 30 years

How many crimes are solved?

1. What crime lab did the reporter visit?A. Chicago B. New York C. Las Vegas

2. How many hairs did the investigator use to help in getting a conviction in the kidnapping/homicide case? A. 3 B. 30 C. 300

3. True or False? Real crime labs tend to be darker to make it easier to see evidence.

4. True or False?It is possible to match any hair found at a crime scene to a specific person.

5. What must be present in a hair sample to test for DNA?A. Shaft B. Cuticle C. Root

Watch the video and then answer the questions.Video Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGc4PaLB-ek

1. What crime lab did the reporter visit?A. Chicago B. New York C. Las Vegas

2. How many hairs did the investigator use to help in getting a conviction in the kidnapping/homicide case? A. 3 B. 30 C. 300

3. True or False? Real crime labs tend to be darker to make it easier to see evidence.

4. True or False?It is possible to match any hair found at a crime scene to a specific person.

5. What must be present in a hair sample to test for DNA?A. Shaft B. Cuticle C. Root

The answers are …

CRIME SCENE: Any physical location in which a crime has occurred or is suspected of having occurred.

Source: http://www3.sc.maricopa.edu/ajs/crime_scene_technician.htm

PRIMARY CRIME SCENE: The original location of a crime or accident.

SECONDARY CRIME SCENE: An alternate location where additional evidence may be found.

ALIBI: Statement of where a suspect was at the time of a crime.

ACCOMPLICE: Person associated with someone suspected of committing a crime.

SUSPECT: Person thought to be capable of committing a crime.

Crime Scene Vocabulary

Testimonial evidence includes oral or written statements given to police as well as court testimony by people who witnessed an event.

Physical evidence refers to any material items that would be present at the crime scene, on the victims, or found in a suspect’s possession.

Trace evidence refers to physical evidence that is found in small but measurable amounts, such as strands of hair, fibers, or skin cells.

Source: http://www3.sc.maricopa.edu/ajs/crime_scene_technician.htm

What will evidence collected at a scene do for the investigation?

• May prove that a crime has been committed• Establish key elements of a crime• Link a suspect with a crime scene or a victim• Establish the identity of a victim or suspect• Corroborate verbal witness testimony • Exonerate the innocent. • Give detectives leads to work with in the case

Types of Evidence

POLICE OFFICERS are typically the first to arrive at a crime scene. They are responsible for securing the scene so no evidence is destroyed and detaining persons of interest in the crime.

The CSI UNIT documents the crime scene in detail and collects any physical evidence.

The DISTRICT ATTORNEY is often present to help determine if any search warrants are required to proceed and obtains those warrants from a judge.

The MEDICAL EXAMINER (if a homicide) may or may not be present to determine a preliminary cause of death.

SPECIALISTS (forensic entomologists, anthropologists, or psychologists) may be called in if the evidence requires expert analysis.

DETECTIVES interview witnesses and consult with the CSI unit. They investigate the crime by following leads provided by witnesses and physical evidence.

Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/csi.htm

Crime Scene Personnel

Step 1: InterviewThe first step in investigating a crime scene is to interview the first officer at the scene or the

victim to determine what allegedly happened, what crime took place, and how was the crime committed. This information may not be factual information but it will give the investigators a place to start.

Step 2: ExamineThe second step in the investigation of a crime scene, which will help identify possible

evidence, identify the point of entry and point of exit, and outline the general layout of the crime scene.

Step 3: DocumentThe third step in the protocol involves creating a pictorial record of the scene as well as a

rough sketch to demonstrate the layout of the crime scene and to identify the exact position of the deceased victim or other evidence within the crime scene.

Step 4: ProcessThis is the last step in the protocol. The crime scene technician will process the crime scene

for evidence, both physical and testimonial evidence. It is the crime scene technicians responsibility to identify, evaluate and collect physical evidence from the crime scene for further analysis by a crime laboratory.

Crime Scene Protocol

Adapted from http://www.feinc.net/cs-proc.htm

AmmunitionBloodBlunt objectsBody fluidsBulletsCartridgesComputersControlled substancesDrugsExplosion residueFibersFinger printFire residueFoot prints

Glass residueGun powderGunsHairsHammerHandwritingImpressionsInkInsulationMarijuanaPaint residuePaperPrintersSaliva

ScrewdriverSemenSoilsTool marksToxicologyTire tracksWood fibers

With your group, place these items into 9 groups and give them a title.

Drug Chemistry – Determines the presence of controlled substances and the identification of marijuanaTrace Chemistry - Identification and comparison of materials from fires, explosions, paints, and glass.Microscopy – Microscopic identification and comparison of evidence, such as hairs, fibers, woods, soils, building materials, insulation and other materials.Biology/DNA – Analysis of body fluids and dried stains such as blood, semen, and saliva.Toxicology – Tests body fluids and tissues to determine the presence of drugs and poisons.Latent Prints - Identification and comparison of fingerprints or other hidden impressions from sources like feet, shoes, ears, lips or the tread on vehicle tires. Ballistics (Firearms) – Study of bullets and ammunition through the comparison of fired bullets, cartridges, guns, and gunpowder patterns on people and objects.Toolmarks – Examines marks left by tools on objects at a crime scene or on a victim, such as a hammer used to break a door or a screwdriver used to pick a lock.Questioned Documents - Examination of documents to compare handwriting, ink, paper, writing instruments, printers, and other characteristics that would help to identify its origin.

Investigating the Evidence

Source: http://www.isp.state.il.us/forensics/

Forensic Science disciplines at the Illinois State Police Crime Labs

Pop Vocab QuizDefinition

1. evidence includes oral or written statements given to police as well as court testimony by people who witnessed an event.

2. An alternate location where additional evidence may be found.

3. is often present to help determine if any search warrants are required to proceed and obtains those warrants from a judge.

4. Statement of where a suspect was at the time of a crime.

5. interview witnesses and consult with the CSI unit. They investigate the crime by following leads provided by witnesses and physical evidence.

6. Person associated with someone suspected of committing a crime.

7. Any physical location in which a crime has occurred or is suspected of having occurred.

Word Bank• A. Primary Crime Scene• B. Trace Evidence• C. Secondary Crime

Scene• D. Physical Evidence• E. Testimonial Evidence• F. Detectives• G. Police Officers• H. District Attorney• I. Crime Scene• J. Accomplice• K. Alibi

Pop Vocab QuizDefinition

1. evidence includes oral or written statements given to police as well as court testimony by people who witnessed an event. (E)

2. An alternate location where additional evidence may be found.(C)

3. is often present to help determine if any search warrants are required to proceed and obtains those warrants from a judge. (H)

4. Statement of where a suspect was at the time of a crime. (K)

5. interview witnesses and consult with the CSI unit. They investigate the crime by following leads provided by witnesses and physical evidence. (F)

6. Person associated with someone suspected of committing a crime. (J)

7. Any physical location in which a crime has occurred or is suspected of having occurred.(A)

Word Bank• A. Primary Crime Scene• B. Trace Evidence• C. Secondary Crime

Scene• D. Physical Evidence• E. Testimonial Evidence• F. Detectives• G. Police Officers• H. District Attorney• I. Crime Scene• J. Accomplice• K. Alibi

Some people just don’t get it…

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9kh5qDjemI&feature=related

Mock Crime Scene: http://www.masss.gov

What evidence would you collect?

Exit Ticket

• Summarizing all of our discussions from today, what are 2 things that are different in TV Labs than Real-Life Labs.

homework

• http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Myst/en/index.html

• Search virtual exhibits for “crime scene” click on the brown box and play the game!

• It is called “Interactive Investigator”• Write down your evidence and your

suspect.

CSI Challenge

Jan 28

Penny Challenge

Week 1 - Monday

Which is the correct penny?NOTE: You cannot look at a real penny!

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

Pros & Cons of Testimonial Evidence

Presentation developed by T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

Warm Up Jan 29

• Even if you AREN’t an artist…– Try to draw your accountability partner. Look

for major features, like length of hair, how close their eyes are, size of nose, size of lips, etc. Give it your best shot!

• ESSENTIAL Question:– How is testimonial evidence used to solve

cases?

Testimonial evidence includes oral or written statements given to police as well as testimony in court by people who witnessed an event.

Eyewitness accounts can be a useful tool in helping investigators with analyzing a crime scene, but are not viewed to be highly reliable. In addition, eyewitness identifications (right or wrong) can have a big influence on the outcome of an investigation or trial.

People are likely to view the same scene in different ways depending on their positions, line of sight, familiarity with the area, and other factors that can interfere with a person’s ability to remember details.

What is testimonial evidence?

The Bunny EffectCBS News Video

Directions:

You will have 30 seconds to view the next screen.

Try to memorize all 20 items you see!

You are NOT allowed to write anything down

You CANNOT talk to anyone else.

Memory Challenge

Neuroscience for Kids - http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puzmatch1.html

Items to remember ...

What do you remember?You have 2 minutes to list as many of the items as you can!

How did you do?

All 20 – Awesome

15-19 – Great

10-14 – Pretty swell

5-9 – Could be better

4 or Less – Wake up

According to The Innocence Project (2008) "Eyewitness misidentification is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in more than 75% of convictions overturned through DNA testing." Still, the criminal justice system profoundly relies on eyewitness identification and testimony for investigating and prosecuting crimes (Wells & Olson, 2003).

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

Did you know?

What factors affect a person’s memory and their ability to identify a suspect?

• Age may play a role in the accuracy of an eyewitness’ statement or identification of a suspect. Studies have shown that when a lineup contains the actual culprit, both young children and elderly perform well, but when the lineup does not contain the culprit there is a higher rate of mistaken identifications.

• The race of the witness may also play a role. The Cross Race Effect (CRE) is a phenomenon in which people are better at recognizing faces of their own race rather than those of other races.

• The use of drugs can alter a person’s ability to recall the events of a crime even after they are no longer under the influence.

• A person’s memory of an event can be influenced by other witnesses, investigators, and/or the media. Investigators use open-ended questioning and follow procedures for conducting line-ups to limit their influence on a witness’ memory of an event or identification of a suspect.

Witness Factors

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

• A crime that is extremely traumatic for an eyewitness may affect his/her recall of the event. For example, a witness confronted with a weapon tends to focus on the weapon rather than the perpetrator’s face.

• Someone who is able to focus on a perpetrator's face for a minute or longer will tend to have a more accurate memory than someone who saw the person for only a few seconds.

• Studies have shown that faces that are either highly attractive, highly unattractive, or distinctive are more likely to be accurately recognized. Simple disguises, such as hats or sunglasses, can interfere with accurate eyewitness identification. However, body piercings and tattoos increases the likelihood of an accurate identification.

• The time of day in which the crime occurred as well as a person’s view of the scene may affect what a he/she is able to see. In addition, a person who is familiar with the area in which the crime took place, may have a better recall of the positions of the victims or suspects.

Crime Scene & Suspect Factors

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

Crime Scene Challenge

• Now that your eyes and brain are warmed up, let’s test your observation skills a bit more.

• You will have 2 minutes to study the photograph of a crime scene on the next slide.

• Try to pay attention to details as you will be asked 10 questions about the crime scene!

• You are not allowed to write anything down until after the time is up.

• Ready?

Answer each question below.

1. What color coffee mug was in the picture? Blue Red Yellow  2. When was the deadline? Yesterday Today Tomorrow 3. What time was on the clock on the wall? 10:40 11:05 1:55  4. How many sticky notes were on the whiteboard? Four Six Eight 5. Which of the following was NOT in the picture? Stapler Trash Can Printer 6. What was the name on the plaque on the desk? Bill Brian Carl  7. What color was the victim's shirt? Black Blue Red 8. How many plants were in the picture? None One Two

9. What was the color of the marker in the desk drawer? Red Blue Green

10. Where was the book in the picture? On a box In the trash can Under the body

Source: http://forensics.rice.edu/html/picture_begin.html

Facial Composites

Investigators work with sketch artists and eyewitnesses to create facial composites, or sketches of a person’s face. Today many police departments are using facial reconstruction software to help them with this task.

The composite may be used internally to assist officers in identifying the suspect or used externally through local media (radio, TV, and newspaper) to solicit leads from citizens.

FACES – A software program that offers many options to help you recreate a person’s facial features.

The Art of Crime Detection

• Go to the following website and PLAY

http://eduweb.com/portfolio/artofcrimedetection/

Spot the Differences Happy Birthday

Jan 30

Week 1 - Thursday

Source: http://www.slylockfox.com/arcade/6diff/index.html

Find the 6 differences between the two pictures.

Warm Up/Essential Question

• What are the 3 most important steps when approaching a crime scene?

• What are the necessary parts of a crime scene?

• Essential Question: How should evidence be properly gathered from a crime scene?

The Crime Scene

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Approaching a Crime Scene

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Approaching a Crime Scene

Personal Safety and the well being of victims

Preserve and Isolate the crime scene

Record the crime scene bsapp.com

Recording the Crime Scene

Photographs

SketchesNotes

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Rough Sketch to Final bsapp.com

Notes

Match to sketchUse a keyQuick, short, bulletedWhat can you not see from the photo?

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PhotographyScene

Multiple views

EntrancesExitsWindows

EvidenceClose upsPerspectivesMultiple angles

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Consensus

Forensic science begins at the crime scene, where investigators must recognize and properly preserve evidence for laboratory examination

The first officer to arrive must secure the crime scene

Investigators record the crime scene by using photographs, sketches, and notes and make a preliminary examination of the scene as the perpetrator left it.

Collecting Evidence Victim's clothingFingernail scrapingsHead and pubic hairsBlood (for typing purposes)

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Vaginal, anal, and oral swabs Recovered bullets from the body

and/or surrounding areaHand swabs or washings from

shooting victims

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Collecting Evidence

Bag

&

Tag

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Collecting ControlsPrintsDNA SamplesHairOther evidence from

possible suspects or victims for comparison to evidence

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Take NOTES! You will need them Monday….

• Get this off google drive

Crime Scene Sketch Analysis1. What is missing from this sketch? List as many things as you can, and tell why they are important.

2. What is done correctly and well? Why is it important.

3. What other information would you like to know about this crime scene.

4. Is this a rough sketch or a scale sketch? Justify your answer.

5. Write a short story about what you think happened here….be creative

Spot the Differences Dinner Time

Feb 2

Week 1 - Tuesday

Source: http://www.slylockfox.com/arcade/6diff/index.html

Find the 6 differences between the two pictures.

Bellwork Feb 3, 2015

• What did you ALL forget to include in your rough sketch (look at your notes)

• Why is this important?• Compare your sketch to somebody else’s

EQ: How can I make my rough sketch into a good final scale sketch?

Bellwork Feb 4, 2015• What are the qualities of a good crime scene

sketch? • Why is it important that they be to scale and

accurate? • Why are they important in addition to

photographs?• Compare your sketch to somebody’s that was

not in your group. Give them constuctive and positive feedback.

• EQ: What do I need to study for Friday’s test????

Bellwork Feb 5, 2015

• Read the intro to Lyle and Louise, this is the case we will be using.

• Write down any questions you have.• We will do our first “Lab” next week with

this case.• EQ: Why are ethics important as a crime

scene investigator?

CSI Web Adventures

• http://forensics.rice.edu/index.html

• 5 cases to solve

Homework:

Collecting Controls

What do You Need a Warrant For?

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Happy Monday, Let’s look at a REAL crime scene! Crime 360

• How does the fact that these are real people affect how you will view this?

• How will you be respectful during this viewing.

• If you are having trouble watching, what should you do?

• EQ: How does a real CSI case differ from CSI the TV show?

Questions about Crime 360/Exit ticket• What procedures that we have talked about in

class did you see detectives use?• To get a more accurate view, detectives now

use the laser scan of a crime scene, eliminating the need for crime scene sketches. How are the laser scanners better than sketches? Are there any down sides?

• Think about this show as a whole, how is it different from an episode of CSI (or other dramatized show you may have seen)? Which do you like better?