home automation using power lines communication

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“Home Automation Using Power Line Communication”

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Page 1: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

“Home Automation Using Power Line Communication”

Page 2: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

What is Home Automation?Home automation is the residential extension of building automation. It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. 

Page 3: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

What Can Home Automation Do?• Turning lights down / off at night.• Operating television, hot water heater, kettle, toaster etc. ready for your use.

• Opening the Main gate.• Working with intelligent electrical white goods e.g. washing machine, fridge, Air Conditioners, microwave etc.

Page 4: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

THE PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF A HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

• The operating system (for example, a computer, security system, a telephone or electricity).

• The device being operated (for example, a light or furnace)• The interface, or link, between the user and the device. An interface can be a button, a keypad, a motion sensor and so on. 

Page 5: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Using Power Line Communication• In the latest generation of home automation systems, appliances can exchange  information by  transmitting  data  over  the domestic mains wiring. As a result there is no need to install extra control cables and appliances can be connected to the network simply by plugging them into the nearest wall socket. 

• Microcontroller  can  easily  be  used  in  conjunction  with  X-10 technology to create home automation applications. The PIC16F877A can  be  selected  for  this  application  because  of  its  versatility  as  a general purpose microcontroller, its FLASH program memory(for ease of development), data EEPROM, and ample I/O ports.

Page 6: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Power Line Communication(.)• A system for carrying data on a conductor used for electric power transmission. 

• Electrical power is transmitted over high voltage transmission lines and is distributed over medium voltage. 

• All power-lines communications systems are operated by impressing a modulated carrier signal on the wiring system.

Page 7: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Power Line Communication• Compatibility with existing homes and wiring. This type of system requires no new wiring.

•  Different types of power-lines communications use different frequency bands

• X-10 is a communication protocol designed for sending signals over 230 VAC wiring.

• X-10 uses high frequency bursts timed with zero crossing to represent digital information.

Page 8: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Modules Designed• Power Supply• Transmitter Board• Receiver Board• DTMF Receiver Board • Relay Based Circuit Board

Page 9: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Block Diagaram

Page 10: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

POWER SUPPLY

The power supply system has an input which is either ac or dc and, for our discussions, a dc output. This dc output is used to power some form of electronic circuitry.

The input could be the 220V 50Hz mains supply or a dc supply from a car battery or even a power rail within an existing circuit.

Page 11: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Breaking this system down , we will first look at the ac voltage change and ac to dc conversion. 

Then, we will look at some simple dc regulation circuitry  

Page 12: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

AC RECTIFICATION

Recommend using full wave rectification – less ripple (1/2 wave rectification is inefficient and also causes dc magnetisation of transformer.

Full wave bridge rectifier shown only needs one transformer winding, but there are 2 diode ‘drops’ in the dc path.

Ensure that the bridge is rated to at least 2 x the load current and to at least 4 x the secondary rms voltage.

Capacitors (~1nF each) across the bridge diodes reduce high frequency noise.

Page 13: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

THE SMOOTHING CAPACITOR

The output from the transformer and rectifiers follows the sin waveform.

The smoothing capacitor ‘fills in’ the low voltage portions, so reducing the ripple voltage amplitude.

The larger the capacitor (for a given load), the smaller the ripple voltage, but the higher the peak current through the rectifiers.

Page 14: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

THREE TERMINAL REGULATORS

DC power regulators are readily available, both fixed voltage and variable voltage types, and for either positive or negative power supplies.

These regulators need decoupling capacitors located close to the devices.

Low, medium and high power versions are available

Note that a negative power supply can be made with a positive regulator chip, so long as decoupling is carefully considered

POSITIVE fixed regulator NEGATIVE fixed regulator

Page 15: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Power Supply Schematic

Page 16: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Transmitter• The basic device used in transmitter board is PIC16F877A• The signal to turn ON or OFF is issued using Transmitter board that can be from PC, or PUSH button the transmitter

• The signal is then transferred using TW523 Transmitter module on to the Power Line

• The Signal moves through the each end of the power line turning Device status ON or OFF

Page 17: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Transmitter Block Diagram

Page 18: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Connecting the LCD

Page 19: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Transmitter Schematic

Page 20: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Serial Port Communication

• Max232 is used as an interface between devices being operated at different clock speeds

• The Forms designed in .NET will provide the interface for transmitting the signals

Page 21: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Receiver Module• The receiver modules receives the DTMF from mt8870 chip that is connected with it.

• MT8870 informs the Controller with their corresponding value that was pressed already from the transmitter

Page 22: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication
Page 23: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

DTMF Board• The MT8870 chip is used for receiving and decoding DTMF signals received from the Mobile phone or the TW523 travelling through the Power Lines

• As DTMF can not be directly Understood by Microcontroller so this intermediate Chip is required 

• The Mobile phone is connected with this board 

Page 24: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

DTMF receiver Board• A connection can be automatically made with this mobile by dialing its number keeping it on auto answering mode , so when a digit is pressed after a corresponding relay can be ON or OFF

• The Four QN pins are used for describing the different Input Combinations e.g. 0010 corresponds to 2 and 0100 corresponds 4 and so on

• The StD pin is of very importance from the programming point of view when ever a change in input comes a high to low signal appears at this pin indicating that a change in input occurs

Page 25: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Relay Units• A relay is  an  electromagnetic  switch  which  is  used  to  switch  High Voltage/Current using Low power circuits. 

• Relay isolates low power circuits from high power circuits. It is activated by energizing a coil wounded on a soft iron core. 

 Note :A relay should not be directly connected to a microcontroller, it needs a driving circuit.• A microcontroller is not able to supply current required for the working of a relay. The maximum current that a PIC Microcontroller can source or sink is 25mA while a relay needs about 50 – 100mA current.

• A relay is activated by energizing its coil. Microcontroller may stop working by the negative voltages produced in the relay due to its back emf.

Page 26: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Output Relay Board• Output Relay board consists of two pairs of relays with the Bulb/Tube light connected with each of them

• The output of the receiver is used to derive the one of the above relays

• The output of the PIC16F877A can not derive more then 20mA so its used to turn on a NPN transistor which can then provide enough current to derive the relay

• NPN Transistor is used as a switch as the base is connected with the corresponding PIN of the controller

Page 27: Home Automation using Power Lines Communication

Interfacing with Microcontroller