31,000 years agoRhinoceroses, lions and mammoth feature on the walls of the Chauvet cave, in southern France.

30,000 years agoPainted and engraved images, on the rock face in a cave near Twyfelfontein in Namibia, date from this period.

16,000 years agoThe walls of the complex of caves at Lascaux in France are covered, over the years, with a vast number of paintings of animals.

15,000 years agoThe walls of Altamira, an extensive cave in Spain, are decorated with paintings and engraved images of horses, deer and above all bison

3100 BCThe Egyptians paint murals on the walls of tombs, designed to help the occupants in the next world.

1850 BCWrestlers are painted on the walls of an Egyptian tomb, performing most of the holds and falls still in use today.

1600 BCA bull-fighting fresco in the palace of Knossos is linked with the island’s cult of the bull.

1550 BCEgyptian tombs include paintings of a kind to helpthe occupants in the next world, whether in theBook of the Dead or on the walls.

1525 BCThe eruption of a volcano, on the island of Thera, entombs and preserves houses with frescoes in the Minoan city of Akrotiri.

550 BCThe murals of Etruscan tombs, such as the Tomb of the Lionesses in Tarquinia, give a lively glimpse of an earlier tradition inGreek art.

c. 100Realistic portraits, done in hot wax and preservedin coffins at Fayyum, vividly depict inhabitants of Roman Egypt.

c. 250The Christians of Rome use the catacombs as tomb chambers, and decorate the walls with murals on New Testament themes

c. 600The walls of caves at Ajanta are profusely decorated with Buddhist murals.

c. 650At Dunhuang, an oasis on the Silk Road, as many as 500 caves are decorated with Buddhist murals.

c. 650The Book of Durrow, one of the earliest of the great Celtic manuscripts, is written andilluminated in Ireland.

c. 698The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish islandof Lindisfarne.

c. 1300Mosaic begins to yield to fresco, as the chief medium for the decoration of Christian churches.

c. 1300 Tabriz under the Mongol Il-khans is the first centre of Persian miniature painting.

c. 1305Enrico degli Scrovegni employs Giotto to paint the cycle of frescoes in his chapel in Padua.

c. 1308The cathedral authorities in Siena commission from Duccio the great altarpiece which becomes known as the Maestà.

c. 1397The English king, Richard II, commissions a diptych (the Wilton Diptych) showing himself being presented to the Virgin and Child.

History of Painting

c. 1400The final style of medieval painting, common to all Europe, is known as International Gothic because of its slender and elegant figures.

1412The three Limburg brothers illustrate for the duke of Berry the Très Riches Heures, one of the masterpieces of International Gothic.

1423Masaccio paints some of the frescoes in the chapel of a Florentine silk merchant, Felice Brancacci, in Santa Maria del Carmine.

1430Robert Campin, also known as the Master ofFlémalle, brings to Flemish painting a natural andeveryday quality which is entirely new.

1432A new altarpiece is installed in the cathedral in Ghent, introducing the powerful realism of Jan van Eyck.

1434Giovanni Arnolfini, a merchant from Lucca trading in Bruges, commissions from van Eyck a portrait of himself and his wife.

1435Chancellor Nicolas Rolin, of Burgundy, commissions an altarpiece from Jan van Eyck.

1435 Rogier van der Weyden, the third in the extraordinary trio of Flemish artists of the 1430s, is appointed painter to the city of Brussels.

1436Perspective fascinates Italian Renaissance painters after the publication of Alberti’s treatise on the subject, De Pictura.

1443The Dominican convent of San Marco, in Florence, is provided with a serenely beautiful series of frescoes by Fra Angelico and his assistants.

1450Piero della Francesca paints masterpieces in his small home town of San Sepolcro

1452Étienne Chevalier commissions from Jean Fouquet a series of illustrations for his Book of Hours.

1460Oil paints, long familiar in the Netherlands, begin to be adopted in Italy in place of tempera.

1465The Sicilian artist Antonello da Messina adopts the Flemish technique of painting in oils.

1468 Jerome van Aken works almost exclusively in his native s’ Hertogenbosch, from which he derives the name Hieronymus Bosch.

1470Sandro Botticelli is established as one of the leading painters of Florence, working in particular for the Medici.

1472Leonardo da Vinci joins the painters’ guildin Florence, probably after training with Verrocchio.

1475Tommaso Portinari, the Medici agent in Bruges, commissions an altarpiece from Hugo van der Goes for his family church in Florence.

1475Giovanni Bellini becomes the key figure in the development of the Renaissance style in Venice.

1480Botticelli paints the Birth of Venus and Spring for the villa of a Medici cousin of Lorenzo the Magnificent.

1489Leonardo da Vinci begins an unprecedented series of detailed anatomical drawings, based on corpses dissected in Rome.

1500The lively realism of Kamal-ud-din Bihzad laysthe basis of both the Persian and the Mughal schools of painting.

1503Hieronymus Bosch paints the most detailed of his exotically surreal canvases, The Garden of Earthly Delights.

1505Leonardo captures the enigmatic smile of Lisa Gherardini, known now as the Mona Lisa.

1508Michelangelo begins work in Rome on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel.

1508Raphael is summoned to Rome by Julius II and is given a major commission for frescoes.

1509Raphael begins work on the frescoes in the pope’s apartment in the Vatican, known as the Stanze (‘Rooms’).

1510Giorgione and Titian introduce the richness of colour which characterizes the high Renaissance style in Venice.

1517Leonardo da Vinci moves to France, on the invitation of Francis I.

1520The German painter Hans Holbein the Younger establishes his own studio in Basel.

1525Lucas Cranach’s studio in Wittenberg has a profitable line in naked female figures from mythology.

1533The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, makes Titian his court painter (an arrangement continued by Philip II).

1577Domenikos Theotokopoulos moves to Spain, where he becomes known as El Greco.

1587Nicholas Hilliard paints the delightful miniature known simply as Young Man among Roses.

1608The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens completes an altarpiece in Rome which is an early masterpiece of the baroque.

1618The 19-year-old Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck is employed by Rubens in Antwerp as his chief assistant.

1624Nicolas Poussin arrives in Rome, where he develops the tradition of French classicism

1628The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn develops a life-long interest in self-portraiture.

1631Rembrandt moves from his home town of Leiden to set up a studio in Amsterdam.

1634Rembrandt marries Saskia van Uylenburgh, who will feature in many of his paintings.

1653Jan Vermeer marries and begins a quiet career as a painter and art dealer in his home town of Delft.

1655Diego Velazquez paints his only surviving female nude, The Toilet of Venus (known as the Rokeby Venus).

1721Jean-Antoine Watteau paints the most splendid shop sign in history, for his friend Gersaint.

1751French painter Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin returns to the subject matter that first took his interest, still life.

1764Catherine the Great founds the Hermitage as a court museum attached to the Winter Palace in St Petersburg.

1775John Singleton Copley, already established as America’s greatest portrait painter, moves to London.

177815-year-old Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun earns enough from painting portraits to support the rest of her family.

1783Jacques-Louis David, establishing a reputation with his severe classical paintings, is elected to the French academy.

1790English painter J.M.W. Turner is only 15 when a painting of his, a watercolour, is first exhibited at the Royal Academy.

1801Bonaparte Crossing the Alps (in 1800) is the first of several paintings by Jacques-Louis David celebrating the future emperor.

1815Jacques-Louis David, unmistakably identified as Napoleon’s painter, is banished from France after the fall of the emperor and moves to Brussels.

1820French painter Théodore Géricault begins a two-year visit to Britain.

1827English artist Samuel Palmer moves to Shoreham, in Kent, for the most inspired years of his career.

1838J.M.W. Turner paints an icon of British art, The Fighting Téméraire.

1869Young French artists Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir paint together in the open air at La Grenouillère, developing the Impressionist Style.

1888Vincent van Gogh invites Paul Gauguin to come and paint with him at Arles, in the south of France.

1901A change of palette by Pablo Picasso takes himinto what becomes known as his Blue Period.

1907Pablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, a violent transition into cubism, is a turning point inwestern art.

1910The part-time English painter L.S. Lowry begins a lifetime career in a Manchester property company.

1911Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre in Paris.

1912Marcel Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 creates a stir.

1913Leonardo’s Mona Lisa is recovered two years after its theft when the thief, Vincenzo Perugia, tries to sell it to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence

1914The Russian painter and sculptor Vladimir Tatlin develops an abstract style to which he gives the name Constructivism.

1922Wassily Kandinsky takes up a teaching post at the Bauhaus in Weimar.

1934British painter Francis Bacon has his first solo show in London.

1937Pablo Picasso’s massive painting Guernica is exhibited in the Spanish pavilion at the World Fair in Paris.

1946A new style of American painting, involving artists such as Arshile Gorky and Jackson Pollock, is given the name Abstract Expressionism.

1960British artist Anthony Caro begins welding and painting abstract metal sculpture.

1962Andy Warhol creates a stir when his paintings of Campbell’s soup cans are exhibited at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.

1996Chris Ofili’s painting The Holy Virgin is embellished with elephant dung.

2000Mao Zedong inspires German artist Anselm Kiefer’s Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom.

2012A pastel version of Edvard Munch’s The Scream sells for US $120 million, by far the record for any work of art.

The History of Computer Art1952The artist, Ben Laposky, used an oscilloscope to ma-nipulate electronic waves that appeared on the small fluorescent screen.

1960scomputers were still in their infancy, and access to them was very limited.

1965a screenprint of a plotter drawing created by Frieder Nake.

1970sthe Slade School of Art, University of London, estab-lished what was later called the ‘Experimental and Computing Department

1980ssaw digital technologies reach into everyday life, with the widespread adoption of computers for both business and personal use.

1990sThe term ‘Computer Art’ is used less frequently to describe artists and designers working with the computer today.

The History of Digital Artspre-1900 -heliographyJoseph Nicéphore Niépce produces the first photo-graph using the ‘Heliography’ technique

1926: Baird’s Mechanical TelevisionBaird invents the mechanical television. It screens only 30 lines of resolution, therefore the image is only just recogniseable.

1933: Phonovision

1957: MusicMax Matthews creates Music, the first computer pro-gram designed to create music on a digital computer

1958: First Video GamePhysicist Willy Higinbotham invents the first “video game” at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York

1990: Release of Photoshop 1.0Photoshop is a graphics editor developed and pub-lished by Adobe Systems. It has been described as “an industry standard for graphics professionals”

1963: Wolf Vostell, Burying T.VInvolved a Television playing the programme being broadcast at the time. Food as thrown at the T.V, from cake to turkey

1964: Charles CsuriIn this year Charles Csuri begins experimenting with computer graphics, and is credited with creating the first computer graphic artwork in the same year.

1965: Sony PortapackSony Corp. give Nam June Paik the first portable consumer Video Camera, the PortaPack

1969: TV as a Creative MediumOpening in New York at the Howard Wise Gallery it was an exhibition of 12 artists including Ira Schnei-der, Frank Gilette, Nam June Paik and Paul Ryan

1969: SeekSEEK is a work which intent was for the visitors to interact with various technological devices, without being asked to consider them as artworks

1969: VideoplaceMyron Krueger is the artist behind this pioneering work of virtual reality

1969: ARPANETARPANET comes into action

1980’s: Goodnight Kiwiadds played when tvnz shut down for the night.

1983: Founding of Wacom Co., Ltd.It is one of the largest graphics tablet producers and is very popular with artists, graphic designers, archi-tects, and cartoonists

1990: 3d studio Dos releasedThe predecessor to 3d studio max

1996: Flash 01 launchedin December of 1996, Macromedia acquired the company and Future Splash Animator became Mac-romedia Flash 1.0

1996: 3d studio max releasedwas officially announced at Siggraph 1995 and shipped to users in April 1996

Digital Painting2014 -2017First attempt using digital pen tablet until semi-realism style of painting

2015

2016

2017

Referenceswww.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?conid=timeline&getyear=0&keywords= Painting timelinehttp://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/computer-art-history/http://wikieducator.org/Digital_art_timeline

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