history of jazz miss paschall 8 th grade general music
TRANSCRIPT
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History of Jazz
Miss Paschall
8th Grade General Music
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Blues
Developed in the 1800s Continues today Exists in every time period and style Name a modern blues musician
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Ragtime (1890-1917) Composed piano
music written by African Americans
Influenced jazz Most famous
Ragtime composer is Scott Joplin
Maple Leaf Rag
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New Orleans
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Beginnings of Jazz
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Dixieland (1900-1920s) Originated in New Orleans Combination of African and European
styles Large bands with cornet, clarinet,
trombone, banjo, tuba, and drums Tuba used instead of string bass;
sometimes these bands marched
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Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
Nickname was Satchmo Played trumpet Improvised vocally by scat singing Scat-singing is improvised singing with
nonsense words
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Louis Armstrong
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Louis Armstrong and Joe Oliver
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
Jeepers Creepers
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
St. Louis Blues
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off (with Ella Fitzgerald)
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
They Can’t Take That Away From Me
(scat singing with Ella Fitzgerald)
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
Hello Dolly
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples
What a Wonderful World
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Boogie-Woogie (1920s-1930s) Occurred during the Great Depression Bands were smaller due to the Great
Depression and the need to save money
Piano was added because it could play more parts than any other instrument
Count Basie Topsy
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Swing (1932-1942)
Large dance bands because the Great Depression was over
This happy era ended when the U.S. entered World War II
Important Swing Band Leaders: Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Glenn Miller
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Duke Ellington (1899-1974) Played
piano and composed many pieces
Cottontail
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Duke Ellington
Take the A Train
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Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Played clarinet First popular jazz
band to include both white and black musicians
Don’t Be That Way
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Benny Goodman
First jazz group to play swing music at Carnegie Hall
This gave jazz musicians greater respect
Sing Sing Sing
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Count Basie (1904-1984)
Talented piano player
Led band while playing piano
Swingin the Blues
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Glenn Miller (1904-1944) Played trombone Most popular swing
band at the time Entertained troops
overseas during World War II
In the Mood
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Bebop (1940-1950)
Groups were smaller because of World War II
Music was often fast and complex
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Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993) Mixed jazz with
African and Cuban rhythms
Was a prankster and once kicked out of a band
Trademark--trumpet with a bent bell
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Charlie Parker (1920-1955) Extremely talented
saxophone player Performed complex
solos Died at 34 because
of drug and alcohol problems
Groovin High, Parker (sax), Gillespie(tpt)
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Cool Jazz (1949-1955)
Reaction to the Bebop style Much more relaxed and less complex
than Bebop music Songs are slower and longer during this
era of jazz
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Miles Davis (1926-1991) Trumpet player His influence helped
the evolution of jazz Was also a boxer
and a painter So What
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Decline of Jazz Jazz was “taken out of Harlem and put
in Carnegie Hall and downtown in those joints where you’ve got to be quiet. The black people split and went back to Harlem, back to the rhythm and blues, so they could have a good time.”
-tenor sax player Johnny Griffin
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Decline of Jazz “White kids were jamming the rock halls
and the older people were staying home and watching TV. Maybe they found they couldn’t pat their feet to our music anymore.”
-pianist Hampton Hawes
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Modern Jazz (1960-present)
Funk/Soul Avante-Garde (free jazz) Straight-ahead (traditional) Latin Jazz Fusion
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Funk/Soul Reverted to basic harmonies Used funky rhythms James Brown, Jimi Hendrix, Sly Stone,
Buddy Rich Buddy Rich, Slow Funk
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Avante-Garde (free jazz) Less structure John Coltrane
– Short life, but great jazz influence– Played saxophone solos an hour in length– Died from liver cancer at age 40
John Coltrane, Giant Steps
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Straight-Ahead (traditional) Uses improvisation Emotional Wynton Marsalis, Sarah Vaughn,
Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra Sarah Vaughn
– They Can’t Take That Away From Me
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Straight-Ahead (traditional)
Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra– Take the A Train
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Straight-Ahead (traditional)
Wynton Marsalis– Goodbye
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Latin African and Latin American rhythms
combined with jazz Carlos Santana, Tito Puente, Chick
Corea Chick Corea, Armando’s Tango;
Wigwam
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Jazz Fusion
Mixed jazz with rock Chick Corea Bobby McFerrin Weather Report Blood, Sweat, and Tears
– Spinning Wheel
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Bibliography Jazz: Gumbo: Beginnings: 1917. PBS (2000).
Retrieved January 9, 2007, from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com
Jazz: The Gift: 1917-1924: Part One. PBS (2000). Retrieved January 11, 2007 from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com
Jazz: The Gift: 1917-1924: Part Two. PBS (2000). Retrieved January 11, 2007 from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com