history – haddon library provisional schedule 1 · 2016-05-24 · history – haddon library...

History – Haddon Library provisional schedule 1

Bliss Bibliographic Classification

Second Edition

Class LA Archaeology(Draft schedule)

� Bliss Classification Association/Heather Lane 1999

Changes of geographical name. Where a place has changed its name, the general rule is to use thecurrent name, & make cross-references from earlier ones.

L/O HISTORICAL SCIENCES

L 2 common subdivisionsAdd to L2 numbers 2/9 from Aux. 1

L 24 persons (i.e. historians) in the subject*collect works about particular historians here

L 3 relations with other subjects.Add letters A/Z from whole classification

LA/B ANCILLARY HISTORICAL SCIENCESNote: for archaeology & specific ancillaries within period subdivisions introduced by the "by period"letter D (where D enumerates periods of political history) , use intercalator A to introduce letters A/Bfollowing L below.

LA ARCHAEOLOGY & PREHISTORYNote: the archaeology & 'history' of all prehistoric societies is classified at LA: the

archaeology of all societies in their historic phases should be classified at LN/O. Libraries wishing tocollocate archaeology of the historic phase with archaeology rather than history (not recommended)should follow the instructions given at LAD YLA 22H picturesLA 23R B poetryLA 23R G fictionLA 23R S humourLA 23T personal viewpoint (use for works that are considered examples of 'fringe'

archaeology, if it is necessary to distinguish them)LA 23X N original sourcesLA 24 A/Z archaeologistsLA 247 history of archaeologistsLA 25 organizations (e.g. CBA)LA 25M communication of archaeology (use for popularization, TV archaeology &c)LA 25W Y libraries & information centresLA 26A I teaching methodsLA 26Q V museum cataloguesLA 26W influence and effect of archaeologyLA 27 history of archaeology

Add letters from Aux. 4B to indicate periodLA 28 place

Add letters from Aux. 2 to indicate places to a greater degree of specificity thanwould be otherwise shown in the classmark. Omit letters from the auxiliary scheduleif they convey redundant information. E.g. NCA 28F R "Cambridgeshire: MiddleAges" is a combination of NC "Great Britain: Middle Ages" + EFR


"Cambridgeshire" from Aux. 2. The E "Great Britain" is omitted because its conceptis already shown by the main classmark.

LA 29 locality, A/ZUse this for sites. Do not use 28 & 29 together.

LA 296 biography (of historical people other than archaeologists)LA 3C chemistry and archaeologyLA 3DY F natural disastersLA 3P religion and archaeologyLA 3R politics and archaeologyLA 3XI literature and archaeologyLA 5 theoryLA 55 fringe archaeology (use for discussion of fringe archaeology from an orthodox

standpoint)LA 5A philosophyLA 5H ethicsLA 5K unethical behaviour (fakes, frauds, thefts &c.)LA 5L legal aspects of archaeologyLA 8 types of archaeological study

(by type)LA 8DG geoarchaeology (inc. geophysics)Note. For archaeoastronomy, use LAB GGG.LA 8DY environmental archaeology, landscape archaeologyLA 8E bioarchaeologyLA 8F botanical archaeology, palaeobotanyLA 8G zooarchaeologyLA 8H palaeopathologyLA 8I cognitive archaeologyLA 8J behavioural (i.e. applications of all methods listed below)LA 8K social archaeologyLA 8KN V gender archaeology (use for Feminist archaeology)LA 8KS ethnoarchaeologyLA 8L historical archaeologyLA 8S forensic archaeologyLA 8T economic archaeologyLA 8U industrial archaeologyLA 8X linguistic archaeologyLA 9K sociological, social anthropological & environmental aspects of past societies. Addto LA 9K letters A/Y following K in Class KLA 9KA H social ecologyLA 9KA IM sedentarisationLA 9KA K migrationLA 9KA KR nomadismLA 9KB populationLA 9KB V culture - used for spatial analysisLA 9KB V 5 culture history paradigmLA 9KC H cultural diffusionLA 9KC JS culture contactLA 9KG M powerLA 9KG N leadershipLA 9KL J individual in societyLA 9KL JDJ W identityLA 9KM T communitiesLA 9KM VT marginality (use for disability)LA 9KM W class systemLA 9KN slaveryLA 9KN AP royaltyLA 9KNM childhoodLA 9KP D ethnicityLA 9KR M sexualityLA 9KZ cultural resource management (use for Conservation). NB This concept is treated as


a discipline, not a topic. Its position in index-strings is thus later rather than earlier(e.g. "England : cultural resource management" not "Cultural resource management :England").

LA 9T technique & methodology*Add to LA 9T numbers & letters following K in K5-K6 for equipment & researchLA 9T 5M statisticsLA 9U experimentalLA 9V preservation techniquesLA 9Z scientific techniquesLA 9ZB archaeometry (archaeological application &

interpretation of natural science data)LAA Archaeological sites, excavation, dating, fieldwork, field archaeology (do not use forbooks about specific sites)LAA 9V site managementLAA B sites in context. Used for site catchment analysisLAA C archaeological surveying

(For techniques divide like DG6)LAA C4M remote sensing, resistivity surveyingLAA D excavations (do not use for books about specific sites)LAA DR rescue archaeologyLAA E excavation techniquesLAA EF treatment of findsLAA EZcomputers

Use this classmark synthetically to classify the computerization of any activity forwhich computers are not already specified

LAA F layoutLAA G samplingLAA H photographyLAA HK aerial photographyLAA HKC crop marksLAA HL recording of dataLAA HM data processingLAA I reporting, report writing, publicationLAA IK drawing of findsLAA IL interpretation of resultsLAA ILT isotope analysisLAA ILW microwearLAA IM computer imagingLAA IMM computer modelling and simulationLAA IMS scanning electron microscopyLAA IMY micromorphologyLAA IP GIS techniquesLAA IP 9KB Vspatial data analysisLAA IR reconstructionLAA J DatingLAA K stratigraphy/ sedimentologyLAA L chronology

(by technique)LAA N chemicalLAA P accelerator datingLAA Q dendrochronologyLAA QR pollen analysisLAA R radio-carbonLAA S oxygen ratioLAA T calendarsLAA U potassium-argonLAA V archaeomagneticLAA W thermoluminescenceLAA WW optical datingLAA X obsidian hydration


LAA Y varvesLAA Z other techniques

LAB B Technology = industriesLAB C artifacts...LAB CC classification of finds, typologyLAB CCD hoards...LAB CCE material culture (general)

(operations & agents. In Haddon, use this facet sparingly, & do not synthesise from LAB CD/J whenmaterial is specified)LAB CD Invention, discovery, innovationLAB CE Production (general)LAB CF Manufacturing (general)LAB CG TechniquesLAB CH DecorationLAB CJ Trade & commerceLAB D materials(Types of materials)LAB DD SaltLAB DE Minerals (general)LAB DF Stone, flintLAB DG Geological objects, morpholithsLAB DGO Obsidian (volcanic glass)LAB DH Clay & earthLAB DJ Precious stonesLAB DJV (Specific precious stones A/Z)LAB DJV G garnetsLAB DK Pottery/CeramicsLAB DKC F kilnsLAB DKV F faienceLAB DKV T terracottaLAB DKV (Specific types A/Z)LAB DL GlassLAB DLN enamelLAB DM MetalsLAB DMC F metalwork, furnacesLAB DN IronLAB DO Precious metalsLAB DP CopperLAB DQ BrassLAB DR BronzeLAB DS SilverLAB DT GoldLAB DV TinLAB DW LeadLAB DX (Other metals - A/Z)LAB EA Oils, fats, waxesLAB EAS gums, resins, inc. amberLAB EAT tar, pitch

LAB EB Faunal remainsLAB EBG taphonomyLAB EF boneLAB EFH human boneLAB EFK animal boneLAB EFL (types of animal, A/Z)LAB EFV (Specific forms of bone - A/Z)LAB EFV A antlerLAB EFV I ivory


LAB EFV S skullsLAB EFV SH shellsLAB EFV T teeth

LAB EFW soft tissue (e.g. bog bodies)LAB EG RubberLAB EJ WoodLAB EK CharcoalLAB EN Paper

LAB EP Dyes, pigmentsLAB EQ PaintsLAB ER Perfumes, cosmetics

LAB ES FuelsLAB ESF FirewoodLAB ESP PeatLAB ESV (Other fuels - A/Z)

LAB EV(Other materials - A/Z)

LAB F Tools (general), instruments (general)equipment (general), implements (general)For tools, etc, serving specific functions see function (e.g.harpoons with whaling; weapons with war).

LAB FFA AccessoriesLAB FFB MachinesLAB FFC Hafted (with handle)LAB FFD Unhafted

LAB FFF Staves, sticksLAB FG StiltsLAB FH Cutting tools, shaping toolsLAB FI KnivesLAB FJ AdzesLAB FK AxesLAB FL SawsLAB FM HammersLAB FN ChiselsLAB FO PoundersLAB FP DrillsLAB FQ (Other cutting & shaping tools, A/Z)LAB FQP picksLAB FR Securing devicesLAB FS String, cord, ropeLAB FT ChainsLAB FU RingsLAB FV Locks & keysLAB FW NailsLAB FX (Other securing devices - A/Z)

LAB FY (Types of tools by their special function)This location allows qualification of an action by a tool, etc. used in it (e.g. Irrigation - Pumps).If several occur under one action, arrange A/Z.

(Operations)LAB G numbers, counting, calculationLAB GA methods of counting A/ZLAB GAA abacusLAB GAQ quipu


LAB GC Metrology, measurementLAB GD Weights & measuresLAB GE WeighingLAB GG Time reckoningLAB GGG archaeoastronomyLAB GH ClocksLAB GI CalendarsLAB GK Sundials

LAB GL Energy utilizationLAB GM Heat & lightLAB GN FiremakingLAB GOP (Equipment)LAB GOQ Ovens, kilns (for pottery kilns see LAB

DKC F)LAB GOV (other equipment - A/Z)LAB GOV F furnaces (for metal-smelting

furnaces see LAB DMC F)LAB GP Fire preventionLAB GQ Light-making equipmentLAB GR Rush lightsLAB GS TorchesLAB GT CandlesLAB GV (Other light making equipment A/Z)LAB GVL lampsLAB GW Water supply & sewerageLAB GX drains, drainage ditechesLAB GY irrigationLAB H TransportLAB HB Navigation, direction finding, orientationLAB HC BaggageLAB HD Carrying apparatus

(Accessories)LAB HE (types of transport accessories - A/Z)

E.g. boards, nets, tump-linesLAB HF land transportLAB HG railways(Equipment, accessories)LAB HI vehiclesLAB HJ decorationLAB HK waggons, cartsLAB HL (other vehicles - A/Z)

E.g. travois

LAB HM AnimalsLAB HN Riding

(Equipment)LAB HP Riding gearLAB HPS BridlesLAB HPT HarnessesLAB HPU SaddlesLAB HPV (Other riding gear - A/Z)LAB HQ Pack animalsLAB HR Draft animals(Specific type of animals A/Z)

LAB JB Snow & ice transportLAB JC (Equipment)LAB JCS Snow shoesLAB JCV (Other equipment A/Z)


LAB JD SkisLAB JE SkatesLAB JF Sledges, toboggans

LAB JG Water transportLAB JH Navigation, seafaringLAB JJ Swimming supports

E.g. Gourds

LAB JK BoatsLAB JL DecorationLAB JM AccessoriesLAB JMB AnchorsLAB JMC Paddles, oarsLAB JMV (Other boat gear - A/Z)

E.g. balersLAB JN CanoesLAB JP Outrigger canoesLAB JQ CoraclesLAB JR RaftsLAB JS Fishing boatsLAB JU WarshipsLAB JV (Other types of boats - A/Z)

LAB KA WarfareBuild from Class R

LAB KE Weapons, equipmentLAB KF Defensive equipmentLAB KJ ArmourLAB KK HelmetsLAB KL ShieldsLAB KM (Other defensive equipment A/Z)LAB KN Offensive equipmentLAB KP ClubsLAB KQ Spears, throwing sticksLAB KR Swords & daggers, dirks, rapiersLAB KS ArcheryLAB KT (Accessories - A/Z)

E.g. quiversLAB KU BowsLAB KV ArrowsLAB KW Blow pipes, blow gunsLAB KX BoomerangsLAB KY FirearmsLAB KYZ (Other offensive equipment A/Z)LAB KZ Military decorations, battle honours &c.

LAB L ManufacturesLAB LB TextilesLAB LC SpinningLAB LD (Equipment)LAB LDS Spinning wheelsLAB LF WeavingLAB LG (Equipment)LAB LGL LoomsLAB LH FibresLAB LJ Fabrics

(Specific fabrics - A/Z)E.g. barkcloth, felt


LAB LK FeatherwareLAB LL HairLAB LM LeafworkLAB LN Grass

LAB LP Cordage, ropes

LAB LQ Skins, hides, leatherLAB LQD Dressing skins, tanningLAB LQV (Specific hides - A/Z)

LAB LR Adhesives

LAB LX Receptacles, containers

LAB LZ (Other types of manufactures - A/Z)

(Processes of acquisition other than manufacture)

LAB MC Hunting equipmentLAB MD TrapsLAB ME SpearsLAB MF Other, A/ZLAB MG Fishing equipmentLAB MH NetsLAB MJ SpearsLAB MK HarpoonsLAB ML Other, A/ZLAB MM Farming equipmentLAB MMG W irrigationLAB MN PloughsLAB MO SpadesLAB MP SicklesLAB MQ ScythesLAB MR WinnowsLAB MS Other, A/Z

(Types of crop -- see LA8 F Botanical archaeology)LAB MT Animal husbandry (use for beekeeping)LAB MU Meat-axesLAB MV Other, A/Z

(Parts & types of animals -- see LAB EB Faunal remains)(Equipment used in exploiting animals for transport -- see LAB HM/LAB HR)

LAB MW Mining, quarryingLAB MX tools A/Z

(Special human needs)

LAB N Food & drinkLAB NG (Preparation of food)

(Equipment)LAB NH Cooking utensils (A/Z)LAB NL (Types of food A/Z)LAB NLF fishLAB NLS shellfishLAB NLW wheat

LAB NQ Drink, drinking, liquid consumption


LAB NR Alchoholic drinksLAB NS Drugs, narcotics, stimulantsLAB NT Accessories, containersLAB NU Chewing drugs (general)LAB NV Smoking drugs (general)

(By plant A/Z)LAB NWB BetelLAB NWK KavaLAB NWP PeyoteLAB NWS SnuffLAB NWT TobaccoLAB NWT P PipesLAB NX (Other plant drugs - A/Z)

LAB P Domestic objects & articlesLAB PB FurnitureLAB PC sitting & lying furnitureLAB PD sitting furniture A/ZLAB PDB benchesLAB PDC chairsLAB PDS stools

LAB PE lying furniture A/ZLAB PEB bedsLAB PEC cradlesLAB PF storage furniture A/ZLAB PFC H chestsLAB PFC U cupboardsLAB PFS sideboardsLAB PFW wardrobesLAB PG work surfaces A/ZLAB PGT tables

(Containers)LAB PH VesselsLAB PJ TraysLAB PL BoxesLAB PN ornamentsLAB PO decorative arts on buildings (e.g. mosaic, stucco) A/ZLAB POM mosaicLAB POT tilesLAB PP Floor coveringsLAB PQ MatsLAB PR Rugs & carpetsLAB PS Wall coveringsLAB PT (Other domestic objects - A/Z)

E.g. fly whisks, fans.LAB PTN needlesLAB Q Clothing

(Add to LAB Q letters following KL in KLH-KLI RY)LAB QID headgearLAB QIF footwearLAB QII LM mirrorsLAB QIM personal adornments, groomingLAB QIM V jewelleryLAB QIN B beadsLAB QIN D pinsLAB QIN F fibulaeLAB QIN H broochesLAB QIN K buckles


LAB QIN L ringsLAB QIN M badges, medallionsLAB QIN T buttonsLAB QIP LX combsLAB QIP LY hairpinsLAB QIP Y razorsLAB QIR K neck ornaments (collars &c.)LAB QIR M trunk adornmentLAB QIR S masksLAB QIR Y crowns, regaliaLAB QJ Cult objects, A/ZLAB QJA amuletsLAB QL Religious artifacts

(Add to LAB QL letters following PDR)LAB QLD M religious symbolsLAB QLD N religious imagesLAB QLD TV votive offerings

LAB QO Recreation & playLAB QOA Toys, A/ZLAB QOB GamesLAB QOC SportsLAB QOL writing A/Z by typeLAB QOL H hieroglyphsLAB QOL R runesLAB QPArt (incl. artistic motifs & symbolism)

See also KSL J (Art : non-literate society )LAB QP 9KZ management of ancient artsLAB QP 9V conservation techniques (ancient art)LAB QPA Sculpture, inc. figurinesLAB QPB seals, inc. stamps and printing-blocksLAB QPC PaintingLAB QPC D stained glassLAB QPD DrawingLAB QPE MusicLAB QPF Instruments, A/ZLAB QPF C chime-bellsLAB QPF L lures

LAB QPG dance

LAB QQ MoneyLAB QQA CoinsLAB QQB Other types of money, A/ZLAB QZsites, assemblages, constructions in generalLAB QZA disaster sites A/Z by type of disasterLAB QZA V volcanoes


(by site location)LAB RB (special areas; add letters following A in Aux. 2)LAB RBS climatic areasLAB RBW P desertsLAB RC inland (usually assumed, but use for wide areas not covered by Aux. 2 -- hills,downs, etc. -- A/Z by type)LAB RCL lowland sitesLAB RCS subterranean, undergroundLAB RCU upland

LAB RG underwater (treat "underwater archaeology" as discipline not topic in index term)LAB RH wetland archaeology, inc. swamp, marsh, fenland, wetland, bogLAB RJ rivers, stream, lakes, palaeolimnology, alluvial archaeologyLAB RK waterfront archaeologyLAB RL coastalLAB RM sea, maritimeLAB RMN islands

(by material)LAB RN mudLAB RP wattle & daubLAB RS thatchLAB RT woodLAB RU stone

(by function)LAB SC closed sitesLAB SD cavesLAB SDQ P cave artLAB SDS rock sheltersLAB SDS QOL H petroglyphsLAB SDS QP rock artLAB SE cliff dwellingsLAB SF pit dwellingsLAB SG tree dwellingsLAB SH lake dwellings, crannogsLAB SJ tentsLAB SK hutsLAB SL (Other types of dwellings - A/Z- for architectural sites see LAB W)LAB SLS souterrainsLAB SLU underground dwellingsLAB SOopen sitesLAB SP sherd scattersLAB SPR refuse sitesLAB SPS middensLAB SPT ashmoundsLAB SQ kill sitesLAB SR campsitesLAB SS quarries, pitsLAB ST workshopsLAB SU fieldsLAB SV terracesLAB SVV gardens, parksLAB SW roadsLAB SWG C milestonesLAB SWW bridgesLAB SX wellsLAB SY local area demarcations, e.g. totem figures, hill figures, Offa's

Dyke, reavesLAB SYY ditchesLAB SZ mazes, labyrinths


LAB TCsacred places, ceremonial sitesLAB TD (by religion - divide like Class P)LAB TE earthworks, causewayed enclosures, cursus monumentsLAB TF circles, hengesLAB TJ wooden monumentsLAB TJF circles, hengesLAB TL stone, megalithic monumentsLAB TLF circles, hengesLAB TLG dolmens, standing stones, quoitsLAB TO other specific types of site A/ZLAB TOC cairnsLAB TOS sacred springsLAB TOT temenos

LAB TP altarsLAB TQ shrinesLAB TR religious buildings, temples, churches, chapelsLAB TRH cathedrals, minstersLAB TRJ monastic buildings A/ZLAB TRJ A abbeysLAB TRJ C conventsLAB TRJ D dzongLAB TRJ F friariesLAB TRJ P prioriesLAB TRK other religious buildings A/ZLAB TYfunerary sitesLAB U cemeteriesLAB UJ burial mounds (barrows)LAB UK A/Z by type, e.g. long, round, ship-burialLAB UKC chambered moundsLAB UKL long barrowsLAB UKN pond-barrowsLAB UKP passage-gravesLAB UKR round barrowsLAB UKS ship-burialsLAB UKS A shaft gravesLAB UPpyramidsLAB UR funerary architecture, tombs, mausoleaLAB USburials/inhumations, mortuary practicesLAB UT burials (group), necropolesLAB UU burials (individual)LAB UV A/Z by typeLAB UVB bedLAB UVC coffinsLAB UVE chestLAB UVH chariot burialsLAB UVM mummiesLAB UVU urn burials, cremationsLAB V fortifications (defences, military sites)LAB VU battlefieldsLAB VV earthworks, banks, ditches, moats, pa (in index add

"fortification" after each term)LAB VW defensive walls (e.g. Hadrian's wall)LAB VX palisades, town wallsLAB VY fortresses, forts (e.g. Roman camps, limes, Iron Age

hillforts, brochs)LAB VZ castlesLAB W other structures/ architectural sitesLAB WD simple structures (see also LAB S), houses


LAB WE complexes, complex structures(by function)

LAB WK domestic, residential (A/Z by type)LAB WKE estates, plantationsLAB WKH hunting lodgesLAB WKM manor housesLAB WKP palacesLAB WKT tenements, pueblosLAB WKV villasLAB WL civic, public, community (A/Z by type)LAB WLA aqueductsLAB WLB bathsLAB WLF foraLAB WLG guildhallsLAB WLH hospitalsLAB WLI hippodromesLAB WLJ guildhallsLAB WLR royal centresLAB WLS sewersLAB WLT theatresLAB WM industrial, commercial, occupational A/ZLAB WMF farms, homesteadsLAB WMG granariesLAB WMI ironworks, foundriesLAB WMM millsLAB WMQ quarries (for the historic period), minesLAB WMS shops, workshopsLAB WMW warehousesLAB WO other structures A/ZLAB X (by socio-political area)LAB XQ settlementsLAB XR parishesLAB XS villagesLAB XSS central placesLAB XT townsLAB XU citiesLAB XUR K portsLAB XV city statesLAB YR ruralLABYU urbanLAC (by specific site)

For libraries wishing to divide first by epoch, then by country, then by placewithin country before specifying type of site. First add to, for example, LAE DXH (Great Britain: IronAge 'C') C as an intercalator + letters following E in Aux 2 + letters following LA in LAB as required

(by period)LAD Stone Ages onwards, prehistoryLAD C Stone AgesLAD D Palaeolithic

*palaeontology & human evolution: see Class HLAD D + E/Z from schedule 2 (places) to keep all studies of Palaeolithic together at this pointLAD E lowerLAD F middle -50,000 BCLAD G upper 50,000-12,000 BCLAD H Mesolithic onwardsLAD J Mesolithic 12,000-5,000 BC


LAD KZ Neolithic onwardsLAD L Neolithic 5,000-1800 BCLAD M 'civilization' phaseLAD P domestication of plants & animalsLAD Q plants/ origins of agricultureLAD R animals (for species divide like class G)LAD RRJ N horsesLAD RRM N cattleLAD RRN E sheep

LAD S evolution of citiesLAD T writingLAD U metal-working phaseLAD V Metal AgesLAD VZ Copper AgeLAD VZZ Bronze Age & afterLAD W Bronze AgeLAD WW early (Beaker in Britain) 2,000-1400 BCLAD WX middle 1400-1000 BCLAD WY later 1000-555 BC

(also used for Bronze/Iron transition)LAD WZ Iron Age & afterLAD X Iron AgeLAD XH Early (Hallstatt) 550-300 BCLAD XJ Middle (La T�ne (Celtic)) 300-150 BCLAD XK Late (Belgae) 150 BC-43 AD

*all above dates refer to Britain as known at 1989. They will fluctuateconsiderably across Europe, becoming earlier the further East the site, as ageneral rule

LAD XR Roman Iron Age (use for non-Roman European areas at the time of theRoman Empire)

Libraries wishing to collocate historical archaeology (except Classical archaeology LAN-LAS) withthe archaeology of the prehistoric phase may do so by adding letters following MA to LAD XR

Roman (but see LVX)LAD Y MedievalLAD YPPost-medieval

(by place/geo-cultural region)LAD Z Europe or Europe & Near East

(by period)Add to LAD Z letters following LAD in LAD C / LAD XR

LAE- Add to LA letters from Auxiliary Schedule 2 to indicate places for European prehistory (andNear Eastern prehistory if you prefer to maintain two sequences for the prehistoric & ancient phases ofNear Eastern archaeology). Otherwise see LN-


LB HISTORY (as written history)

LB 2 common subdivisionsLB 23L essaysLB 24 historians, antiquarians A/ZLB2 5JQ learned societies

LB28 (by place)For places within an individual country, add to the base

classmark letters following the initial letter for countryfrom auxiliary schedule 2. Eg London 28C

LB 3 relations with other subjects.Add letters A/Z from whole classification

LB 5 sources & materials (i.e. works/documents amounting tocontemporary evidence)

LB 51 commentaries on the sourcesLB 53 evidence by typeAdd letters A/Z from the whole classification,

but see note belowe.g. Scripture as evidence LB5 3PB KAdd to LB5 letters A/Z following LB from LBF onwardNB. Except for the most general material, sources should belocated with the place & time to which they belong.

LB 5V bibliography

LB 6 evidence- use of the original records & sourcesAdd to LB6 letters following LB in LBF-Use for books about source materials, but use LB5 forcollections of sources by type

LB 6E oral history/evidenceLB 6M Myths: oral historyLB 8 historiography

LB 8A philosophy of history(topics)

LB 8AC causalityLB 8AE evolutionLB 8AI inevitability & necessityLB 8AP progressLB 8AQ 'Civilization',LB 8AZ distortion, falsification of historical evidence

LB 9 theory & methodAdd to LB 9 letters following K in K 6B/ K 9DN

LB 9Y researchLB 9Z evidence- use of the original records & sources

Add to LB9 Z letters following LB in LBOUse for Source materials, but use LB5 for collections of sources by type

LBF GENEALOGY & HERALDRY

LBG GenealogyAdd to LBG letters following 8 in L8 A/Ne.g.

LBG B names, patronymicsLBG C personal names, cognomens


LBG D deathsLBG E epitaphs, tombstone inscriptions

LBG F parish registers, Church recordsLBG G birth & baptism recordsLBG H wills & administration of estates

LBG J court recordsLBG K tenants of manors, of estates; rolls of freemen, etc.LBG L royalty, nobility, peerage, aristocracy

LBG M general family histories A/ZLBG N collective genealogies of classes of persons, professions, etc.

LBH HeraldryAdd to LBH letters following L8 P/Y (old Bliss)e.g.

LBH Q armour, armorial bearingsLBH R registry of armsLBH RC College of ArmsLBH S shields, coats-of arms, blazons

ST tinctures, coloursSU charges, mottoes, badges, escutcheons, scocheonsSV other devices

LBH T crestsLBH U flags, banners, standards, ensigns, pennantsLBH V precedence, rankLBH W Orders of Knighthood, Military Religious Orders A/Z

(Alternative to placing under historical period)

LBH X titles of honourLBH Y grants of arms

LBI BIOGRAPHY & biographical writings

LBI R autobiography

LBI 7 collective biography

the biography of historical personages goes with the place/period with which they are principallyassociated, using three letters of the subjects name,e.g. Stalin= MUT C ABI STA 96

but where the person is given a classmark in the schedule add intercalator A then BI 96 after theclassmarke.g. Henry VIII = NRD H ABI 96

the following additions may also be used to specify the type of work:

LBI_-39_personal writings, not imaginative literature-394_speeches-395 _letters-397_note-books/conversations/interviews-398_memoirs/recollections/families-94_contemporaries-95_autobiographies


-96_biographies-97_critical studies (add letters from whole schedule), e.g. -97I_psychology-97J_education__

LBJ NUMISMATICSLBJ 9 historical value, methods of study (Build from LB9)LBJ BS designing, moulding, casting, stamping, etc

(coins by place)* Alternative to placing numismatics with the place in LN-

LBJ C Ancient worldAdd to LBJ C letters following C in Aux. 2

LBJ D-N Modern worldAdd letters D-N from Aux. 2

LBJ O Add to LBJ O letters following O & P-Z from Aux. 2

LBJ U tokensLBJ V medals

LBK PHILATELY

LBL SIGILLOGRAPHY (seals)LBL O jettonsLBL P buttons

LBM PALAEOGRAPHY

LBM A build from Class X if required. e.g. XCY abbreviationsLBM ACB P papyri, papyrology

tabletsparchmentspalimpsests

LBM O majusculesLBM P minusculesLBM Q by language. See Aux. 3LBM S specific hands A/Z

LBN EPIGRAPHYLBN N inscriptionsLBN O graffittiLBN P runesLBN PS used for Pictish symbol stones

LBN Q by language(Divide by language from Aux. 3)

LBO DIPLOMATICS & ARCHIVISTICS (for source material see LB 5)In general, Diplomatics deals with the older (ancient & mediaeval) records, whileArchivistics deals with more recent periods. Diplomatics deals more especially with the dating & authentication of manuscripts & is thus ancillary to the study of the contents of the historical records.

LBO B methods(by type of archive/record/document)

LBO G treaties, leagues, covenants, conventionsLBO H charters, constitutionsLBO J grants, except ecclesiasticalLBO K writs


LBO L taxation rollsLBO M rolls of freemen, etc.LBO N proclamations, manifestosLBO O official administrative documents (miscellaneous)

LBO P ecclesiastical recordsLBO Q private documents: deeds, muniments, mortgages, bondsLBO R wills & codicilsLBO S accounts & inventoriesLBO T letters, correspondence, letter-booksLBO U journals, diaries etc. (but see also Biography LBI)

LBQ pictorial evidence (art, etc.)LBQ P photographs

LBS CHRONOLOGYLBS A scientific chronology (if not preferred in History of science)LBS B scientific chonometry

LBS C calendar (astronomical bases)LBS D Ancient GreekLBS E RomanLBS F Julian, bissextileLBS G GregorianLBS H French RevolutionaryLBS I reformLBS J proposals A/ZLBS K intercalationLBS L other calendars by place from Aux. 2

LBS M chronicles (as evidence)

LBS N chronology (determining dates of events & relations)LBS Q chronological chartsLBS R registers of eventsLBS S almanacs

LBS T horology (alternative to placing in Class U - Technology)LBS U hourglasses, clepsydraLBS V sun-dialsLBS W clocks, watches, chronometers

LBS X DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION (in history)LBS Z Description & travel (use for works about)LBS Z5 Sources, personal accounts

LBT HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY (do not use - preferred location is in GeographyClass D)

LBT X landscapeAdd to LBT letters following D in Class D

LBV toponymy (place names)LBV X (divide by language)

LC/M TYPES OF HISTORY(by aspect)Note: for specific subjects within each period, substitute the 'by period'


letters following L below (i.e. F,I,K,M) for D where D enumerates periodsof political history, then add any additional letters after the period

subdivision bysynthesis as shown below. An intercalator 'A' will be required for any class

wheresubclasses W-Z may be required for retroactive notation.

LC POLITICAL HISTORY(in most cases this is indistinguishable from general history, which can only beshown for periods represented by 2 class letters)

(by subject) Add to LC letters following Rin RAC- RYLCL S StateLCQ P Empires

LD (by period)Add to LD the subordinate periods appropriate to each country

LE CULTURAL/INTELLECTUAL/HISTORY OF IDEAS(by subject) Add to LE letters following whole classification

LF (by period)

LH ECONOMIC HISTORY/SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY(including agriculture)

(by subject) Add to LH letters following T in T-TPUfrom Class TLHS agricultural history. Build from Class G

LI (by period)LIS (agricultural history by period)

LJ SOCIAL HISTORY

(by subject) Add letters following K from Class KFor technology: add to LJL B letters following U

add to LJL C letters A/V following V

LJZ Social welfare & criminology. Add letters following Q from ClassQ

LK (by period)LKZ Social welfare & criminology (by period)

LL RELIGIOUS/ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY*religious politics, i.e. where religion is asocial or political force rather than as a spiritual ortheological one. Build from Class P (letters following P)

LM (by period)

LMX GROUPS OF PERSONS IN HISTORY: (Do not use - prefer LJ-LK)e.g. working classes; womenAdd to LMX letters from Class K

LMZ WORLD HISTORY (all civilizations including the East)History/ civilization, ancient & modernUse for social movements & other phenomena that transcend the space/time co-ordinates on which the scheme is built

LMZ R Religions


Add notation from Class P to indicate which religion, but do not use notation fromany other facet of Class P at LMZ R.Use LMZ R as a classmark of last resort, for religious movements that cannot beaccommodated otherwise (e.g. during their phases of expansion, if they cut acrossthe divisions of place that apply to their time). For religion as a social force, use LL;for archaeology of religious artifacts, use LA without specifying which religion isinvolved.

[EPOCHS OF HISTORY]LN Ancient historyLTZ Classical worldLX Modern & medieval

LN- ANCIENT HISTORY

LO (by period)LOD 2000-1000 BCLOE 1000 900 BCLOF 900-800 BCLOG 800-700 BCLOH 700-600 BCLOJ 600-500 BCLOK 500-400 BCLOL 400-300 BCLOM 300-200 BCLON 200-100 BCLOP 100BC - AD 0

(by place)

LP Near East (historic phases only)

(periods)LPQ to 323 BCLPR 323 BC-100 ADLPS 100 AD -

LPX Mesopotamia & AssyriaDivide like Aux 2. CC-CD(by period )

LPX N ca 3600 BC. Uruk period: first civilization after the Ubaid in southern Mesopotamia;the Uruk period marks the beginning of the Protoliterate period in Mesopotamia

LPX NP ca 3400 BC. Gawra & Ninevite periods

LPX O 2900-1800 BC. Sumerian period

LPX OP 2900 BC. Pre-dynastic Sumerians

LPX OQ 2750 BC. First Sumerian dynasty of Ur

LPX OS 2340-2125 BC. Sargon I begins Akkadian rule in Mesopotamia

LPX OU 2100-1800 BC. Third Sumerian dynasty of Ur

LPX P 1800-1170 BC. Old Babylonian period

LPX PR 1728-1685 BC. Hammurabi, author of the first known Code of Laws


LPX PT 1600-1100 BC. Staggered periods of Hittite hegemony over Mesopotamia

LPX PV 1520-1170 BC. Periods of Kassite dominance

LPX Q 1200-612 BC. Assyrian period

LPX QS 714-681 BC. Reign of Sennacherib, whose conquest of Judah resulted inthe first deportations of the Hebrews

LPX QU 668-626 BC. Reign of Ashurbanipal, the most energetic of the Assyrianconquerors

LPX QW 612 BC. Fall of Nineveh

LPX R 612-539 BC. Neo-Babylonian period

LPX RT ca 650-600 BC. Zarathustra, the founder of Persian Zoroastrianism

LPX RV 605-565 BC. Reign of Nebuchadnezzar; his conquest of Judah andsubsequent deportation of some Hebrew peoples mark the beginning of the Hebrewexile

LPX S 539-330 BC. Persian dominance

LPX ST 539 BC. Fall of Babylon and the beginning of Persian dominance inMesopotamia

LPX SU 546 BC. Conquest of Lydia and the Greek cities of Asia Minor by Cyrus

LPX SW 521-486 BC. Reign of Darius I; the Persian Empire at its fullest extent,from Macedon to Egypt, Palestine to India

LPX SY 499-494 BC. Rebellion of Greek cities against Persian rule

LPX T 490-489 BC. Darius I invades Greece on a punitive expedition againstAthens; known in Greek history as the Persian Wars

LPX TV 480-479 BC. Invasion of Greece by Xerxes

LPX TX 479 BC. Defeat of Persian armies by the Greeks

LPX TZ ca 400 BC. Beginnings of Mithraism in Zoroastrianism

LPX U 330-126 BC. Hellenistic period

LPX UV 334-330 BC. Conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great

LPX UW 330 BC. Alexander enters Babylon; final fall of the Persians andMesopotamian dominance over the region; beginning of Hellenistic period

LPX UY 250 BC. Founding of Manicheism, an offshoot of Mithraism andZoroastrianism, by Mani, a priest of Ecbatana

LPX V Parthian period, 126 BC - 226 AD

LPX VW 126 BC. Artabanus II snatches Babylonia from the Seleucids

LPX VX 114-117 AD. Trajan's campaigns in Mesopotamia


LPX VY 160-240 AD. Kingdom of Hatra

LPX W 226-637 AD. Sassanian period

LPX WX 226 AD. Ardeshir conquers Mesopotamia

LPX X Post 637 AD

LPX XY 637 AD. Conquest of Mesopotamia by Muslim Arabs

LPY Media & PersiaDivide like Aux. 2. CE(by period)

LPY DE Median Empire 625-559 BCLPY DF Achaemenid Empire 559-330 BCLPY DG Graeco-Persian wars 499-449 BCLPY DH Alexander and after, 330-312 BCLPY DI Seleucid Empire, 312-60 BCLPY DJ Parthian Empire, 60 BC – AD 224LPY DK Sassanid Empire, 224-651LQ Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan)LQA/LQM Divide like LA/LMLQN Palestine (use for Holy Land)LQO PalaeolithicLQP MesolithicLQP P NeolithicLQQ Bronze Age (Amorites, Canaanites, Phoenicians)LQR Iron Age, Israelite period (general)LQR N Early Israelite period (Joshua, Judges)LQS Israelite monarchy (Saul, David, Solomon)LQT Divided kingdoms: Israel 931-723 BC, Judah 931-586 BCLQU Babylonian rule (586-539 BC)LQV Persian rule (539-333 BC)LQW Hellenistic period (333-165 BC)LQX Hasmonaeans (Maccabees) (165-063 BC)

For Roman Palestine (63BC-AD 565), including the Herodian client kingdoms, use LVS H.

LQY Syria & LebanonLQY MZ Stone AgesLQY N PalaeolithicLQY NN MesolithicLQY O NeolithicLQY P Bronze AgeLQY Q Struggle for Syria between Egypt, Mitani & Hittites. Amarna

LettersLQY R Iron Age: Aramaeans, Neo-HittitesLQY S Assyrian/Babylonian rule (732-539 BC)LQY T Persian rule (539-333 BC)LQY U Hellenistic rule (333-063 BC)

For Roman Syria (63BC-AD 565), use LVS F.

LQZ Jordan (Transjordania)LQZ O/LQZ X Divide like LQO/LQX

LR Arabian PeninsulaLRA/LRM Divide like LA/LMLRN PalaeolithicLRO Mesolithic


LRP NeolithicLRQ Bronze Age (Sabaean Kingdom)LRR Iron Age (Nabataean Kingdom)

LRS Asia Minor (Anatolia, Turkey in Asia)LRT (by place)Add letters following C in CJ/CLL (Aux. 2)

(by period)LRU Stone AgesLRU N PalaeolithicLRU P MesolithicLRU R NeolithicLRV Bronze Age (Troy I-V)LRW Hittite kingdoms (ca 1650-1200 BC)LRW N Old Hittite Kingdom (ca 1650-1450 BC)LRX New Hittite Kingdom (ca 1450-1200 BC)LRY Iron Age (Phrygia, Lydia, Urartu)LRY N Greek colonisation of Ionia, Aeolis, Caria (preferred to LUM as LU subdivisions

only begin at 800 BC)LRZ Persian rule (546-333 BC)LRZ Z Hellenistic kingdoms (323-17 BC)

For Roman Asia Minor (133 BC-AD 565) use LVS J /LVS LL.

LS Egypt, Egyptology(by place)

LSN Add to LSN letters D-M following CN in Aux. 2(by period)

LSN N Palaeolithic

LSN P Mesolithic

LSN R Neolithic

LST Add letters LA-LM to collocate all types of history within each sub-period

LST D Pre-dynastic, - 2900BC (alternative to placing in Prehistory)LST E Early dynastiesLST K Old Kingdom (Dynasty 1-6)LST M 1st IntermediateLSU K Middle Kingdom (Dynasty 12-17)LSU M 2nd Intermediate / HyksosLSV K New KingdomLSV L 18th DynastyLSV M 19th DynastyLSV P 24th DynastyLSV S 3rd IntermediateLSV T Persian (525-332 BC)LSV V Macedonian (332-305 BC)LSW Ptolemaic (323-30 BC)LSX Roman (30 BC-AD 640) (Haddon practice is to classify with the Roman

Empire at LVS N)LSY Islamic (640-1517)

LT North Africa (Phoenicia)LTD (by period from LO)LTN (by place; add letters B-GX following CO in Aux. 2)LTN G Phoenician world


LTQ Carthage(periods)

LTR Punic ILTS Punic IILTT Punic IIILTU AugustanLTV VandalsLTW Arabs 698


LTZ CLASSICAL HISTORY = CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

LU Greece/Greek world

LUM (by place)Add to LUM letters from Aux. 2 after Ce.g. LUM SG = Corinth, LUM SS = Sparta, LUM T = Athens

Then add date following place, e.g. 4th century Athens LUM TYN

(Prehistoric phases, 1100-800 see Prehistory – LAL P(by period)

LUU Geometric period (900-700 BC)LUV Archaic period (800 BC-600 BC)

see also prehistory

LUW 600 BC - 500 BC, 6th century

LUX 500 BC - 400 BC 5th century 'Classical' GreeceLUX N Persian Wars, 500-449 BCLUX P Periclean period, 459-431 BCLUX R Peloponnesian War, 431-404 BC

LUY Hellenistic world (400 BC - 150 BC)LUY N 4th centuryLUY O Spartan/Theban supremacy, 431-338 BCLUY OW Corinthian WarLUY P Achaean League 338-146 BCLUY Q Macedonian rise

LUY R Alexander's Empire 338 BC- 323 BCLUY RW Alexander of Macedon

LUY U The Diadoche & Seleucidae 323-281LUY V Hellenistic proper 'late'

LUZ 150 BC Roman era (use LVS R)

LUZ N 146 BC-AD 716 Roman rule & Eastern Empire/Byzantium (preferLWQ)

LV ROMAN WORLD/ROME

Approximate dates, in approximately clockwise order, for the Roman period of various regions are asfollows:

Spain 201 BC-AD 565England & Wales 44-410Gaul 56 BC-AD 565Dacia 105-565Asia Minor 133 BC-AD 565Syria 63 BC-AD 565Palestine 63 BC-AD 565Egypt 30 BC-AD 565North Africa 200 BC-AD 565


LVA Archaeology (in general)LVB Divide like LBLVC/M Divide like LC/LM

(by place)Places in Roman Italy

LVO Add to LVO letters following CV from Aux. 2LVP Add to LVP letters following CW e.g. Umbria = LVP MLVQ Add to LVQ letters following CXLVR Add to LVR letters following CY

(by period)Prehistoric Italy see LAIEtruscans see LAI DX 28QRest of Roman world

LVS Add to LVS letters following C from CC-CQU in Aux. 2

If you wish to keep together materials on a particular place in the Roman world, proceed as follows: Build classmark for place Add intercalator A Add letters following LV for dates Add aspectLVT to 500 BC Primitive/ Legendary/ KingdomLVU Republic 509-27 BCLVU P Early RepublicLVU Q to the Punic Wars, 509-264 BCLVU R Punic Wars, 264-146 BCLVU RW 1st Punic War 264-241 BCLVU RX 2nd Punic War 218-201 BCLVU RY HannibalLVU RZ 3rd Punic War 149~146 BCLVU S Late Republic 201-27 BCLVU SW The GracchiLVU T Jugurthine WarLVU U MariusLVU V SullaLVU W Mithridatic Wars, 88-63 BCLVU X War with Southern Italy, 90-88 BC

LVV T Phase of expansion, 90 BC-69ADLVV TX PompeyLVV U Servile Wars 135-71 BCLVV V Civil Wars of Marius, Sulla, Pompey, CaesarLVV W Julius CaesarLVV X Triumvirate 60-43 BCLVV XX Mark AntonyLVV Y Caesar's Conquest of Gaul etc.

LVW Roman Empire 31 BC-565 AD(key dates: 395 AD separation of East & West

476 AD fall of Rome565 AD End of Justinian)

(alternatively class works about a part of the Empire at that parte.g. Roman Britain = NN)

LVX P Early EmpireLVX Q Twelve Caesars period 31 BC-AD 96LVX QV Augustus/Augustan Age/Golden Age 31 BC-AD14LVX QW Tiberius AD 14-37LVX QX Caligula AD 37-41


LVX QY Claudius, AD 41-54LVX R Nero AD 54-68LVX RU Flavian age, AD 68-96LVX RV GalbaLVX RW OthoLVX RX VespasianLVX RY TitusLVX RZ Domitian, AD 81-96LVX S Good Emperors AD 96-180LVX SU Nerva & Trajan AD 96-117LVX SV Hadrian AD 117-138LVX SW Antonines AD 138-192LVX SX AntoniusLVX SY AureliusLVX SZ CommodusLVX T Barrack Emperors AD 192-284LVX TU Septimus SeverusLVX TV CaracallaLVX TW Heliogabalus or ElagabalusLVX U Alexander SeverusLVX V Valerian AD 253-260LVX W Claudius II AD 268-270LVX X Aurelian AD 270~275LVX Y Diocletian AD 284-305

LVX Z Constantine the Great AD 306-337

LVY Late Roman Empire AD 337-565LVY P 337-395LVY PW Constans ILVY PX Julian the ApostateLVY PY Constatius IILVY PZ Valentinian I & IILVY Q Separation of the Empires AD 395LVY R AD 395-476LVY S HonoriusLVY T Sack of Rome AD 410LVY U StilichoLVY V Invasion of barbarians, Goths etc.LVY W Theodoric the Goth AD 489-526LVY X Fall of Rome AD 476LVY Y Romulus Augustulus

for AD 470-565 see below

LW BYZANTIUM & THE EASTERN EMPIREAD 324~1453

(by period)LWQ Eastern Empire 324/395-716LWQ N 324-716 Theodosius to Leo IIILWQ O 395-527 Arcadius to Justin ILWQ P Leo I 457-474LWQ Q Justinian 527-565LWQ R Justin II 565-602 (& Empress Sophia)LWQ S 602-716LWQ SX Heraclius 610-641LWQ SY Constans II 642-668LWQ SZ Persian WarLWR Byzantine Empire AD 716-1453LWR N Leo III 716-740


LWR NX Iconoclastic controversyLWR O Basilean or Macedonian dynasty 687-1081LWR OM Ninth centuryLWR ON Basil ILWR OO Leo VILWR OP ConstantineVII PorphyrogenitusLWR OQ Romanus ILWR OR LeucapenusLWR OS Nicephorus II, Rhocas 963-969LWR OT John I, Tzimisces 969-976LWR OU Basil II, Bulgarkronos 963-1025 (as a co-Emperor)LWR P Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204LWR PX Constantine VIII, 1025-1028LWR PY Zoe, 1028-1055LWR PZ Theodora, 1055-56LWR Q Comneni & Angeli, etc. 1057-1259LWR QN Dynasty of Comnenus 1057 1185LWR QQ Alexius I Comnenus, 1081-1118LWR QS Manuel I Comnenus, 1143-1180LWR QY Dynasty of the Angeli, 1185-1204LWR QZ Latin dynasty (Lascarids) 1204-1261LWR R Domain of Nicaea 1204-1261LWR S Palaiologi 1261-1453LWR SW Michael VIII, 1259-1282LWR SX Andronicus II, 1282-1328LWR SY Andronicus III, 1328-1341LWR SZ John V, 1341-1391 (and co-emperors)LWR T John VI Cantacuzene, Emperor, 1347-1354LWR TW Andronicus IV, 1376-1379 & John VII,Emperor, 1390LWR TX Manuel II, Emperor, 1391-1425LWR TY John VIII, Emperor, 1425-1448LWR TZ Constantine XI Palaiologos, Emperor, 1448-1453LWR U Trebizond EmpireLWR V Wars with Saracens & TurksLWR W Fall of Constantinople & Eastern Empire 1453LWS (by place) Add to LWS letters following 'C' from Aux. 2


LX MEDIEVAL & MODERN HISTORYLXA-L (by aspect)

(by period)LXN- * add to LX letters following MA.

Libraries following Option 2 should use periodsubstitution lettersfrom LC-LM to

introduce subject by periode.g. LXH Economic history

LXI R Economic history of the nineteenthcentury

(by place)LY Western (use for developed world)

Add to LY letters A-B from Aux. 2 for general histories of geographic areas, features, etc.not enumerated elsewhere in this schedule.LYA N Mediterranean

M EUROPEAN HISTORYMA/L (by aspect)

Add to MA letters following L in LA-LM(by period) general to most of Europe

MAM MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES c. 375-1492 (include 'Middle Ages' ofnon-European countries if treated with Europe)

MAM N Early Middle Ages (410-800)MAM O Migrations period c.375-750, Barbarian invasionsMAM OX Germanic peoplesMAM P GothsMAM PN Visigoths C4th-C8thMAM PP Ostrogoths C4th-C6thMAM PQ Vandals C4th-C6thMAM PR Huns C4th-C5thMAM S Franks (alternative not recommended is to locate with

medieval France MBM S)MAM T Merovingian, Romano-CelticMAM U Carolingians C481-987MAM UP Charlemagne, 768-814MAM UQ Louis I, 814-840MAM UR Charles II, the Bald, 840-877MAM US Magyar invasions C9thMAM V Vikings

MAM W Central Middle Ages

MAN Late Middle Ages c.1096-c.1492MAN P Crusades C11th-C13thMAN PN 1st Crusade 1095-1099MAN PO 2nd Crusade 1144-48MAN PP 3rd Crusade 1187-91 (Richard I)MAN PQ 4th Crusade 1199-1204MAN PR Children's Crusade 1212MAN PS 5th Crusade 1217-19MAN PT 6th Crusade (Frederick II) 1225MAN PU 7th Crusade (Louis IX) 1248-52MAN PV 8th Crusade 1267-70MAN PW Later Crusades 1274-1580

MAN R Twelfth century, First RenaissanceMAN RZ 1200-1400


MAN S Thirteenth centuryMAN SZ 1300-1500MAN T Fourteenth century[MAN TW Hundred Years' War 1337-1453] SSC practice isto prefer NGD DMAN TX Black Death, 1347-1350MAN TZ 1400-1600MAN U Fifteenth centuryMAO N Early modern period, c. 1492-c. 1800MAO Z Renaissance and ReformationMAP Renaissance c.1492-1618 (sixteenth century)MAP O Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520MAP P Reformation c.1517-1650MAP Q 1550-1650MAP R Counter-Reformation c.1555-1618

MAP Z Age of Absolutism (seventeenth - eighteenth centuries)

MAQ Seventeenth centuryMAQ N Ancien Regime c.1648-1789MAQ P 30 Years' War 1618-1648MAQ R 1650-1715MAQ S Grand Alliance 1688-1697

MAQ Z Eighteenth & Nineteenth Centuries

MAR Eighteenth centuryMAR N EnlightenmentMAR O 1700-1750MAR PX Spanish succession 1701-1714MAR PY Austrian succession 1740-1748MAR Q 1750-1800MAR R Seven Years' War 1756-1763

MAR S Revolutionary period c.1785-1815

MAR T Napoleonic Wars (prefer MBR K)MAR TN Peninsular War 1808-1814MAR TP Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

MAR U Industrial Revolution (socio-economic aspects normallyMAR UH)MAR Z Nineteenth & Twentieth centuries, Colonization period

MAS Nineteenth century c.1789-1900MAS N 1800-1848MAS O 1830-1860MAS P 1848 revolutionsMAS Q 1848-1939MAS R 1848-1871MAS S Crimean WarMAS T Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71MAS U 1871-1914MAS W Franco-Russian Alliance

MAT Twentieth centuryMAT N 1900-1945MAT P World War I 1914-1918MAT PN 1914MAT PP 1918 campaigns


MAT Q (by place)theatre of war add to MAT Q letters

from Aux. 2

MAT R Inter-War Period, 1918-1939 (use for 1918-1945)MAT RN Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918MAT RP Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920MAT RPV Treaty of Versailles, 1919MAT S Abyssinian War/Crisis 1935-6MAT SN Munich Agreement, 1938

MAT T World War II 1939-1945MAT U (by place) theatre of war add to MATU28 letters from Aux. 2

MAU Post-war Europe, 1945-MAU N FortiesMAU P FiftiesMAU Q SixtiesMAU R SeventiesMAU S EightiesMAU T Nineties

(by regions other than nation states, which are enumeratedbelow)

MAW Western EuropeMAW A/M (by aspect) Add to MAW letters A/M following LMAW Z (by period) divide like MAB-V

MAX (by place)add to MAX letters following A in Aux. 2

MAY add to MAY letters following B in Aux. 2(by area)

MAZ Holy Roman Empire 962-1806MAZ NPL Investiture Controversy (1085-1122).

(by nation-states; politico-geographical-cultural-linguisticregions

MB FRANCE(note: places in France use Aux. 2 add letters following F after 28 e.g. Paris = 28E.For local history see MBW when period is not involved)

MBA Archaeology. Divide like LA

MBB/M Auxiliary sciences/ aspects of history. Divide LB/LM

(major periods)

MBN Romano-Celtic/Gaul (but see Roman history/archaeology)

MBO Middle Ages (Carolingian Empire see LZB DGL)MBO N Philip II 1180-1223MBO P Louis IX 1214-1270MBO R Fourteenth centuryMBO T Fifteenth century


MBO U Louis XI 1461-1483MBO V Charles VIII 1483-1498MBO W Louis XII 1498-1515

MBP Burgundy: Medieval periodMBP N Philip the BoldMBP P John the FearlessMBP Q Philip the GoodMBP S Charles the Bold

MBQ Renaissance/sixteenth century/ 'erniers Valois'MBQ N Fran�ois I 1547-1559MBQ P Henri II 1547-1559MBQ Q Catherine de Medici, Regent, 1552-1563MBQ R Fran�ois II 1559-1560MBQ S Charles IX 1560-1574MBQ T Henri III 1574-1589MBQ U Henri IV 1589-1610

MBQ Z L'Ancien Regime 1550-1750

MBR Le Grand Si�cle/ Seventeenth centuryMBR N Mary de Medici, Regent, 1610-1614MBR P Louis XIII 1610-1643MBR Q Richelieu Administration 1624-1642MBR R Louis XIV 1651-1715

MBS Eighteenth century onwards (also used for 1750-)MBS N 1700-1815

MBS P The Enlightenment/ Eighteenth centuryMBS S Louis XV 1715-1774MBS V Louis XVI 1774-1792

MBT Revolutionary period 1789-1815MBT N French Revolution 1789-1799MBT O Fall of the Bastille 1789MBT P The Great Fear 1789MBT Q The Terror 1793MBT R 1794-1815MBT T The Thermidorians 1794MBT U The Directoire 1795-1799

MBT V Napoleonic Era 1799-1815MBT W NapoleonMBTX Post 1789 RevolutionMBTY Post 1814 period

MBU Nineteenth centuryMBU N 1815-1848MBU O Restoration 1814-1830MBU P 1830 RevolutionMBU Q Second Republic 1848~1851MBU R 1848 RevolutionMBU S Second Empire 1852-1870/Napoleon IIIMBU T Third Republic 1870-1940MBU U Thiers, L.A. Presidency 1870-1873MBU V Paris Commune 1871MBU W 1873-1876MBU X Boulangist period 1886-1890


MBU Y Dreyfus Affair 1894-1906

MBV Twentieth century

MBV P Poincar� 1913-1920MBV Q First World War 1914-1918MBV R Inter-War period 1918-1939MBV S Second World War, 1939-1945/ Occupied France/ 1940-1944MBV T 1945-MBV U 1960s

MBW French local history. Add letters following F in Aux. 2e.g. MBW E Paris

MBY F MonacoMBY L Andorra

MBZ SPAIN & PORTUGAL - IBERIAN PENINSULAR

MC SPAIN(major periods)

MCN Medieval period C6th~C15th

MCN M Moorish dominationMCN X Christian Conquest

MCO Post-medieval, 1479-MCO M 1479-1706

MCO N Fernando V & Isabella I 1479-1516MCO Q Expulsion of the Jews 1492MCO S Philip I 1478-1506

MCP Sixteenth century

MCP N 1516-1700 Hapsburg dynastyMCP P Philip II 1527-1598MCP S Granada Wars 1568-1570MCP X 1519-/ Charles V (I of Spain) 1516-1558 (Holy Roman Emperor)

MCQ Seventeenth century

MCQ P Philip III 1578-1621MCQ S Philip IV 1621-1665MCQ X Charles II 1665-1700

MCR Eighteenth century

MCR N 1700-1808 Bourbon dynastyMCR P Charles VI 1703~1711 (Holy Roman Emperor)MCR S Charles III 1759-1788MCR X Charles IV 1788-1808

MCS Nineteenth century

MCS N Napoleonic period 1808-1814MCS O Bourbon Restoration 1814-1868MCS P Carlist War 1833-1840MCS Q 1868-1886


MCS R Revolution 1868-1870MCS S First Republic 1873-1875

MCT Twentieth century

MCT N First World War 1914-1918MCT P Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera 1923-31MCT Q Second Republic 1931-1939MCT R Alfonso XIIIMCT S Civil War 1936-1939MCT T Siege of Bilbao 1937MCT U 1939-MCT V FrancoMCT W Restoration of the Monarchy

MCU Spanish local history (but subordinate to period when period is included)Add letters following G from Aux. 2, e.g. MCU K Madrid

MCV Spanish Empire / Colonies

MCW Canary Islands

MCX PORTUGAL

MCX P Medieval period C11th-C15thMCX PS House of Burgundy 1095-1383MCX PT Interregnum 1383-1385MCX PU House of Aviz 1385-1580

MCX Q Spanish Domination, 1580-1640

MCX R Braganza Period/1640-1810

MCX S Nineteenth century Revolution 1820 Wars of Succession,1826-1840

MCX T Twentieth centuryMCX TJ Revolution/Republic 1910

MCY Portuguese local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add letters from Aux. 2

MCZ Portuguese Empire / Colonies

MD ITALY

MDN Medieval period

MDN DL C13thMDN DP C14th

To specify a more exact period in each city state use intercalator A,e.g. C13th Siena MDN MQF ADL

MDO RenaissanceMDO DS Sack of Rome 1527

MDP Modern period

MDP DG Seventeenth century


MDP DI Eighteenth century

MDP DJ The Enlightenment

MDQ French-Austrian periods 1796-1848

MDR Unification/Risorgimento 1848-1870MDR DG Mazzini,1805-1872MDR DL Cavour 1850-1860MDR DS Garibaldi.1861-1870

MDS 1870-

MDT Twentieth century

MDT DG World War I 1914-1918MDT DK Mussolini/Fascism 1922-1945MDT DM World War II 1939-1945MDT DR 1948-

MDZ MediterraneanMDZ N Western Mediterranean kingdomsMDZ O Sicily, Kingdom of NaplesMDZ OM Medieval periodMDZ ON Norman kingdom, 1016-1194MDZ ONN Roger II, 1105-1154MDZ ONR Anjou dynasty, 1268-1442MDZ ONS Charles I, 1226-1285MDZ ONS V Sicilian VespersMDZ ORO Savoyard and Austrian rule, 1700-1735MDZ P Aragon-CataloniaMDZ Q Majorca

MDZ T GibraltarMDZ U CorsicaMDZ V SardiniaMDZ W MaltaMDZ X Cyprus

ME SWITZERLAND

MEM Z (by place) divide like Aux. 2

(by period)MEN Medieval-1290C13thC14thC15th-1648

MEO Modern 1648-MEP Eighteenth centuryMEQ Nineteenth centuryMER Twentieth century

MEY Liechtenstein

MF NETHERLANDS (Holland/Belgium/Luxembourg at various stages)


(general)

(by period)MFN Medieval -1350

MFO Burgundian rule 1350-1555

MFP Independence 1555-1648MFP DK William the Silent 1533-1584MFP DP Revolt of the Netherlands 1565-1581MFP DR Wars of Independence 1581-1648

1648- (see below)

MFQ Eighteenth century - present

MFR HOLLAND

(by period)MFS Medieval -1555

MFT United Provinces 1555-1795MFT DE Anglo-Dutch wars 1652-1677MFT DF War with France 1672-1678MFT DG Anglo-Dutch War 1672-1674MFT DH Stadholders 1702-1747MFT DI Anglo-Dutch War 1780-1784MFT DJ 1780sMFT DK War with France 1793-1795

MFU Batavian Republic 1795~1806MFV Nineteenth centuryMFW Twentieth centuryMFX Dutch Empire / Colonies

MFY BELGIUM

(by period)MFY O Medieval -1555

MFY P Spanish & Austrian rule 1555-1794MFY PR Austrian Netherlands 1714-1794

MFY Q 1794-1909MFY QR French rule 1794-1813MFY QS Revolution 1830MFY QT Leopold II

MFY R Twentieth century

MFZ LUXEMBOURG

MG GERMANY/GERMAN STATES

MGA German prehistory. Divide like LA

MGM (by place) Divide by Aux. 2. e.g. Saxony, Prussia

(by period)


MGN Pre-Medieval -481

MGO Medieval 481-1519

MGO DG Frankish, C6th-C8thMGO DJ Carolingians 843-911MGO DM Saxon Emperors 919-1024MGO DMO Otto the GreatMGO DR Franconians 1024-1138MGO DT Hohenstauffers 1138-1264MGO DV Hapsburgs 1264-

MGO DY Fifteenth century

MGP Modern 1519-MGP DE Renaissance

MGQ Sixteenth century

MGQ DR ReformationMGQ DS Counter-ReformationMGQ DV Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) 1519-1556

MGR Seventeenth century

MGR DX 30 Years' War

MGS Eighteenth century

MGS DM 1740-1786MGS DQ French Revolution periodMGS DR Napoleonic Era -1815

MGS DZ 1800-1945MGT Nineteenth centuryMGT DF German Confederation 1815-1866MGT DH 1848 RevolutionsMGT DP Prussian Rule 1864-1870MGT DR Ludwig II, King of Bavaria

MGU German Empire/Reich/Wilhelmine Period/ 1870-1891 or -1945

MGV Twentieth century

MGV DF World War I,1914-1918MGV DH Inter-War period (in general)MGV DK Weimar Republic, 1918-1933MGV DKR Revolutions l9l8-l9l9MGV DKT 1920sMGV DL 1930s (economic recovery)

MGV DP Nazi period/ Third Reich 1933-1945MGV DPT Adolf HitlerMGV DPU The Holocaust - annihilation of the JewsMGV DPV The Holocaust - non-JewsMGV DS World War II, 1939-1945

MGW 1945-MGW DE OccupationMGW DEF French occupation


MGW DEG Russian occupationMGW DEH British occupation

MGW DJ 1950s

MGZ Central & Eastern Europe. For prehistory use LAJ AD

MH AUSTRIA-HUNGARY/CZECHOSLOVAKIA/POLAND (central Europe)

MHM Z (by place) divide like Aux. 2

MHN-P THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE 1526-1918

MHQ AUSTRIA(by period)

MHR Medieval -1450MHS Hapsburg dynasty 1278-1918

MHT 1450-1558

MHU 1558-1648

MHV 1648-1765MHV CM Maria Theresa, 1740-1780

MHV Z 1700-1800

MHW 1765-1806MHW DJ Joseph II, 1741-1790

MHW Z 1790-1918

MHX 1806-1918MHX DF 1815-1848 (Metternich)MHX DJ Franz Joseph IMHX DL 1848-1918MHX DT 1914-1918 World War I

MHY Twentieth century (1918-)MHY DS World War IIMHY DT Post War period, 1945-MHY DU Occupation

MI CZECHOSLOVAKIA/BOHEMIAAdd to MIN letters R/U following MH for periods before 1648MIN UP Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1576-1612Add to MIP letters V/X following MH for periods before 1918MIT Twentieth centuryMIT [D]R Inter-War periodMIT [D]S Benes 1935-1938 PresidentMIT [D]T World War IIMIU 1945-1992MIU [D]Q Soviet Invasion 1968MIV Czech RepublicMIV [D]T Post-Soviet period

MIW Moravia

MIX Slovakia


MJ POLAND(See old Bliss at MKP)MJA/MJM archaeology. Divide like LA/LM

(by period)MJN Medieval C10th-C13th

MJO C14th-CI6th

MJP C17th-C18th

MJQ Nineteenth century

MJR Twentieth centuryMJS World War II 1939-1945MJT Soviet Period 1945-MJV Post-Soviet period

MK HUNGARY(see old Bliss at ML)

(by period)MKN Early -C7thMKO Medieval -1526MKP Hapsburg Dynasty 1526- (see also MHN)MKQ Eighteenth centuryMKR Nineteenth centuryMKS Twentieth centuryMKT World War II, 1939-1945MKU Soviet Period 1945-MKV Post-Soviet period

MKZ BALKANS/DANUBE STATES (South-East Europe)

MKZ AMO Migrations (375-750)

ML BALKANS

MLA Balkan prehistory. Divide like LA

MLN Medieval periodMLO Modern period

MLP Turkish ruleMLP Y late C19th

MLQ Twentieth centuryMLQ DN Civil war

MLR YUGOSLAVIA

MLT Medieval periodMLU Modern period

MLV Turkish rule (1433-1699)MLV V Habsburg rule (1699-1918)MLW Nineteenth century


MLW W Napoleonic Wars (1805-1815) and afterMLW X 1848 uprisings and after

MLX Twentieth centuryMLX X World War I (1914-1918)MLX Y Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes (1918-1929)MLY Yugoslavia proper,1929-MLY DL World War II,1941-1945MLY DM Federal Socialist Republic (1945-1991)MLY DN Break-up of Yugoslavia

For Federal Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro) in the period 1991-2003 use MLY HD. Forindividual former Yugoslav republics, use MLY HA/MLY HH, adding letters T/DN following ML toindicate period.

MLY HA Slovenia

MLY HB Croatia

MLY HC Bosnia-Herzegovina

MLY HD Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep. 1991-2003)

MLY HE Serbia

MLY HF Montenegro

MLY HG Kosovo

MLY HH Macedonia

MLZ Z ALBANIA

MM BULGARIA & ROMANIA

MMN BULGARIA

MMO-R(by period) divide like MLN-MLQ


MMT ROMANIA

MMV-Y(by period) divide like MLN-MLQ

MMV Medieval periodMMW Modern period

MMX Turkish ruleMMX Y late C19th

MMY Twentieth centuryMMY Y 1989-

MN GREECE

MNA/MNA D Archaeology. Divide like LA/LAD

MNA L Classical Greece. Add to MNA L letters M/ZG following LUin LUM/LUZ G

MNN Byzantine period 716-1204 MNO Later Middle Ages 1204-1460MNP Turkish period 1460-1821MNQ Venetian period.1684-1718

MNS Greek Independence 1821-1914

MNT 1914-1945MNU 1945-MNU DN Civil War 1943-1949

MNZ Regions (add letters following L in LP-LQ from Aux. 2)

MO-MT SCANDINAVIA/ BALTIC STATES

MOA-Marchaeology. Divide like LA-LM

(by periods)MON Ancient & medieval. Add letters following MA in

MAM/MAN U

MOO ModernMOP Sixteenth centuryMOQ Seventeenth century

MOQ Z 1700-MOR Eighteenth centuryMOS Nineteenth centuryMOT Twentieth century

(by place)

MP DENMARK. Add letters following MO in MOA/MOT

MQ ICELAND Add letters following MO in MOA/MOT


MR NORWAY Add letters following MO in MOA/MOT

MS SWEDEN Add letters following MO in MOA/MOT

MSZ LAPPLANDFor Lappish language (reference shelves and added entries only) use 2XM M; for Lapps (Europeanpeople) use 4LM M; for Lappland : society use KVM T; for Lappland : archaeology use LAM T

MT FINLAND

MTD E -1523MTD K 1523-MTD M Eighteenth century (Wars with Russia)MTD P Nineteenth century (Union with Russia)MTD T Twentieth century (Revolution)

MTP BALTIC SEA AREAAdd letters following MA in MAM/MAU. Use only when no more precise specification of place isavailable.

MU RUSSIA/later SOVIET UNION/CIS

MUA-Mdivide like LA-LM

(by period)

MUP Early to 1460MUP DG Pre & Early Slav period, -800MUP DL Rise of Kievan Rus, 800-1220MUP DQ Mongol Conquest/Rise of Muscovy, 1220-1460

MUR Renaissance -1801/ House of Romanov, 1613-1917MUR DG National state 1460-1598MUR DI Ivan IV, the Terrible 1533-1584MUR DL 1598-1696MUR DN The EnlightenmentMUR DP Peter the Great, 1696-1725MUR DQ Catherine II, 1762-1796MUR DT Eighteenth century, 1725-1801

MUS Nineteenth centuryMUS DG 1801-1861MUS DH Alexander I 1801-1825MUS DI Nicholas I 1825-1855MUS DJ Crimean War 1853-1856MUS DL Late Tsarist period 1861-1917MUS DN Alexander II 1855-1881MUS DS Emancipation of the Serfs 1861MUS DT Alexander III 1881-1894MUT DW Revolution 1905MUT DY 1905-1917

MUT Twentieth century/Revolutionary Period/ Soviet Union, 1917-1992

MUT DF 1917-1929 post Revolution & pre-Stalin


MUT DG 1917-1920 Revolution & Civil WarMUT DL 1921-1928, New Economic Policy-MUT DR 1929-1941 Industrialisation/ The Thirties/ StalinismMUT DT World War II 1941-1945MUT DX 1945-1953, post-war recoveryMUT DY 1953 post-Stalin

MUU 1992- Russia, post-Gorbachev

MUZ Russian local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add letters following N from Aux. 2

MV 1992- Russian Federation / CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)MW For individual States divide like N in Aux. 2MWD RussiaMWG P AzerbaijanMWG S ArmeniaMWG T GeorgiaMWH UkraineMWH W MoldovaMWJ BelarusMWK Lithuania*MWL Latvia*MWM Estonia*MWW KazakhstanMWX E KyrgyzstanMWX K TajikistanMWY T TurkmenistanMWY Uzbekistan

*former Soviet Republic not in CIS

MZ BRITISH ISLES (general works only)

N GREAT BRITAIN(use for United Kingdom, & for England & Wales, or England alone)

NAA archaeology. Divide like LA. Prehistory see LAE

NAB ancillary studies. Divide like LBSSC practice is to drop the B except for broad periods of general history

NAC/AM (by aspect) divide like LC-LM

NAC Political historyNAE Cultural history

Collect here studies of Cambridge University NAE JS CCand Oxford University NAE JS OXAdd 27 + dates from European historyAdd 6 + letters A/Z for University institutions, colleges, etc.

NAH Economic/socio-economic historyNAJ Social historyNAL Ecclesiastical

(by place)For Places (other than local studies) use 28 + letters following E in Aux. 2

(by major period)


For Roman/Romano-British 55BC-AD 450 use LVS QE

NC Medieval (Anglo-Saxon & Middle Ages)

ND Anglo-Saxon period c.450-1066Add to 28 letters following E in Aux.2 to specify

individual kingdoms, regions if necessary, e.g. 28MM DanelawNDN Early Anglo-Saxon c.410-871, post-RomanNDN V Vikings in Britain (alternative to MAM V28 E or NDW)NDO Eighth centuryNDP Ninth centuryNDQ Edmund, Saint, King of East Anglia 855-869NDR Late Anglo-Saxon (c.871-1066)NDS Alfred the Great 871-899NDT Tenth centuryNDU Aethelred the Unready 978-1016NDV Eleventh centuryNDW Vikings, Danish invasionsNDW V Danish rule 1017-1042NDX Cnut 1017-1035NDY Edward the Confessor 1042-1066NDZ Harold Godwinson, 1066NDZ N Battle of Hastings 1066

NE Middle Ages 1066-1509NEN Norman period 1066-1154NEO Norman Conquest 1066-NEP William the Conqueror 1066-1087NEQ Domesday BookNER William II, Rufus, 1087-1100NEX Henry I 1100~1135NEY Stephen 1135-1154NEZ Civil War / Stephen & MatildaNEZ X Empress Matilda, 1102-1167

NF Plantagenet period C12th-C14thNFN Twelfth & thirteenth centuryNFP Angevin kings, 1154-1216, Twelfth century RenaissanceNFQ Henry II 1154-1189NFQ X Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1122?-1204NFR Richard I 1189-1199NFS John 1199-1216NFT Magna CartaNFU Baronial WarsNFV Thirteenth & fourteenth centuryNFW Thirteenth centuryNFX Henry III 1216 1272NFX X minority, 1216-1226NFY Barons Revolt 1258-1267

NG Late Middle Ages C14th & C15th (use for 1272-1509)NGM Fourteenth centuryNGN Hundred Years' War 1337-1453NGO Edward I 1272-1307NGP Edward II 1307-1327NGQ Edward III 1327-1377NGQ X Edward, the Black Prince 1330-1376NGQ Y The Black Death 1348-9 (usually NGK Y)


NGQ Z John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 1340-1399NGR Richard II 1377-1399

NGM ROT WG Schism, Great Western, 1378-1417NGR W The Peasant's Revolt 1381NGR X Revolution of 1399NGR Y Lancaster & York, 1399-1485NGS Fifteenth & sixteenth centuriesNGS W Fifteenth centuryNGT Lancastrian kingsNGT W Henry IV 1399-1413NGT X Henry V 1413-1422NGT Y Henry VI 1422-1461NGT Z Jack Cade's Rebellion 1450NGU Wars of the Roses 1450-1485NGV York (House of) KingsNGW Edward IV 1461-1483NGX Edward V 1483NGY Richard III 1483-1485

NH 'Modern' period (1500-)NI ŒEarly modern‚ period (1500-1800)

NJ Sixteenth & seventeenth centuries/ Tudor & Stuart(use for works on period c. 1550-1650)

NJM Sixteenth century/ Renaissance/ Tudor 1485-1603NJN Early TudorsNJP Henry VII 1485-1509NJQ Henry VIII 1509-1547NJQ S Dissolution of the monasteries 1536-1540NJQ T Reformation, 1540-1640NJR Edward VI 1547-1553NJR R Rebellions, 1549NJS Mary 1553-1558NJT Lady Jane Grey, claimantNJT W Wyatt's conspiracyNJV Elizabethan & Jacobean/ High RenaissanceNJW Elizabeth I 1558-1603NJW S Spanish Armada 1588

NK Stuart & Georgian period, Seventeenth & Eighteenth centuriesNKM Seventeenth century/ Stuart period/ 1603-1714NKN Early Stuarts 1603-1660NKO James I 1603-1625NKP Charles I 1625-1649NKP Z 1640-1832NKQ Civil War & Commonwealth periodNKQ W Revolution & Civil War, 1642-6, 1647-8NKQ X Commonwealth & Protectorate, 1649-60NKQ Y Oliver CromwellNKQ Z Richard Cromwell

NKR 1660 -1714NKR Z Restoration period 1660-1688NKS Charles II 1660-1685NKS W Great Plague 1665NKS X Fire of London 1666NKS Y Popish Plot 1678NKS Z Exclusion Crisis 1678-1683NKT James II 1685-1688NK TW Monmouth's Rebellion, 1685


NKT X 1688 revolutionNKT Y Jacobitism, Stuart court in exile

NKT Z 1688-1914 (do not use - prefer NH)NKU Later Stuart & Early GeorgianNKV Later Stuart period 1688-1714NKW William III 1688-1702 & Mary II 1688-1694NKW X Assassination Plot 1696NKX Anne 1702-1714NKX X Act of Union 1707

NL Eighteenth & Nineteenth Centuries/ Hanoverian & Victorian periodNLM Eighteenth century 1714-1815 / Georgian periodNLN Early Georgian 1714-1760NLP George I 1714-1727NLP X Jacobite Rebellion 1715NLP Y Black Act 1722NLQ George II 1727-1760NLQ X Jacobite Rebellion 1745

NLR Industrial revolution (1760) - present dayuse for Mid Eighteenth-Mid Twentieth century 1745/50-1945/50

NLS Enclosure Movement/ Agricultural Revolution (NLI P)NLT George III 1760-1820

NLV Industrial Revolution, 1760-1850use NQZ for other aspects

NLW Naval mutinies 1797NLX Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815

NM Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries Victorian & Modern 1800-use for 1850-1950, or 1850-present

NMM Nineteenth century 1815-1914

NMN Regency period 1800-1837NMN X Peterloo 1819NMO George IV 1820-1830NMP William IV 1830-1837NMP N Agrarian Riots 1830

Reform Act 1832 NMD PIO BEX P

NMQ Victoria 1837-1901 Victorian EnglandNMR Prince AlbertNMS Early Victorian period 1832-1865NMT Chartist Movement 1836-1840NMU Mid Victorian period 1865-1880

Reform Act 1867 NMD UIO BEX P

NMV Late Victorian & Edwardian periods 1870-1914Reform Act 1884 NMD VIO BEX P

NN Twentieth & twenty-first centuriesNNM Twentieth centuryNNN 1900-1945NNO Edward VII 1901-1910 (use for 1900-1914)NNP George V 1910-1936


NNQ World War I 1914-1918NNR Inter War period 1918-1939NNR V Treaty of Versailles, 1919NNS 1920sNNS V General Strike 1926NNT 1930sNNS X National Government 1931NNU Edward VIII 1936NNV George VI 1936-1952 (use for 1940s)NNW World War II 1939-1945

NP Post War Britain 1945-NPN 1945-1952NPO Elizabeth II 1952-NPP FiftiesNPP Z Suez Crisis 1956NPQ SixtiesNPR SeventiesNPS EightiesNPT Nineties

Auxiliary schedule for 18th, 19th & 20th century Parliamentary history

NLD PE Parliaments, George I 1714-17277V 1721-1742 (Walpole)

NLD QE Parliaments, George II 1727-17607T 1742 (Earl of Wilmington)7U 1743-1754 (Henry Pelham)7V 1754-1756, 1757-1762 (Duke of Newcastle)7W 1756-1757 (Duke of Devonshire)

NLD TEParliaments, George III 1760-18207P 1762-1763 (Earl of Bute)7Q 1763-1765 (George Grenville)7R 1765-1766, 1782-1783 (Marquess of Rockingham)7S 1766-1768 (Pitt the Elder)7T 1768-1770 (Duke of Grafton)7U 1770-1782 (Lord North)7V 1783, 1807-1809 (Duke of Portland)7W 1783-1801, 1804-1806 (Pitt the Younger)7X 1801-1804 (Henry Addington)7Y 1806 (Lord Grenville)7Z 1809-1812 (Spencer Perceval)

NMD OE Parliaments, George IV, 1820-18307T 1812-1827 (Earl of Liverpool)7U 1827 (George Canning)7V 1827-1828 (Viscount Goderich)7W 1828-1830, 1834 (Duke of Wellington)

NMD PE Parliaments, William IV, 1830-18377T 1830-1834 (Earl Grey)7U 1834, 1835-1837 (Viscount Melbourne)

NMD SE Parliaments, Early Victorian period 1832-18657T 1841-1846 (Robert Peel, 1788-1850)7U 1846-1852, 1865-1866 (Earl Russell, 1792-1878)


7V 1852-1855 (Earl of Aberdeen)

NMD UE Parliaments, Mid Victorian period 1865-18807T 1855-1865 (Palmerston)7U 1852, 1866-1868 (Earl of Derby)

NMD VE Parliaments, Late Victorian period 1880-19027T 1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, 1892-1894 (Gladstone,1809-1898)7U 1874-1880 (Disraeli)7V 1885-1892, 1895-1902 (Marquess of Salisbury)7W 1894-1895 (Earl of Rosebery)

NND NE Parliaments, Early 20th century, 1901-19187T 1902-1905 (Balfour)7U 1905-1908 (Bannerman)7V 1908-1916 (Asquith)

NND RE Parliaments, Inter War period 1918-19397T 1916-1922 (Lloyd George)7U 1922-1923 (Bonar Law)7V 1923-1924, 1924-1929, 1929-1937 (Baldwin)7W 1924, 1929-35 (Ramsay Macdonald)

NND VE Parliaments, George VI 1936-19527T 1937-1940 (Chamberlain)7U 1940-1945, 1951-1955 (Churchill)

NP CE Parliaments, Post War Britain 1945-19797T 1945-1951 (Attlee)7U 1955-1957 (Eden)7V 1957-1963 (Macmillan)7W 1963-1964 (Douglas-Home)7X 1964-1970, 1974-1976 (Wilson)7Y 1970-1974 (Heath)7Z 1976-1979 (Callaghan)

NPD SE Parliaments, 1979-7T 1979-1990 (Thatcher)7U 1990-1997 (Major)7V 1997- (Blair)

NQ-NT (spare notation for C21-)

NU English Local History(SSC practice is to subordinate place to period when period is included using 28)

NUA 2/B ancillary sciencesNUA C/H aspectsNUB-T (by period)

(by place)NUU counties & smaller localities

Add letters following E from Aux. 2Libraries wishing to divide collections of material on a locality by periodshould use intercalator 'A' to introduce period division


NV WALES (use for Celtic Britain)(Note: SSC practice is to collocate Welsh history with English historyexcept for general histories of the whole country)

Add to NV letters following N in NA-NU for periods, etc.e.g.

NVB Celtic & Roman (use for Celtic Britain & Ireland together)NVC MedievalNVH Post-medieval (1500-)

NVU Welsh local history

NW SCOTLAND(Note: SSC practice is to collocate Scottish history with English historyexcept for general histories of the whole country)

Add to NW letters following N in NA-NU for periods, etc.e.g.


NWB Scottish Late Iron AgeNWB N AnglesNWB O BritonsNWB P PictsNWB S ScotsNWB V Vikings/Norsemen(The Vikings, because of overpopulation on the Norwegian west coast, became settlers by thebeginning of the 9th century. They are known thereafter as Norsemen.)

NWC Medieval (general)

NWD Formation of Kingdom of ScotlandNWD R Kenneth Mac Alpin (d. 858) united Picts & Scots as first King of

Alba/Scotland, 843-50NWD Y Duncan I, 1010-40 became King of most of modern Scotland in 1034

Killed by Macbeth

NWE Early medieval/Feudal/First Renaissance periodNWE P Malcolm III, 1058-1093, m. Margaret of EnglandNWE X Alexander I, 1107-1124NWE Y David I, 1124-1153, brother-in-law of Henry INWF Q Malcolm IV, 1153-1165NWF S William I, 1165-1214NWF W Thirteenth centuryNWF WY Alexander II 1214-1249NWF WZ Alexander III, 1249-1286NWF WZL Battle of Largs, 1263, returned Western Isles to ScotlandNWF X Death of Alexander III, 1286

NWG Competition for the crown, War of Independence against Edward I of EnglandNWG P Robert I, "the Bruce", 1306-1329NWG PU Battle of Bannockburn, 1314NWG Q David II, 1329-1371NWG R Stewart dynasty beginsNWG RT Robert II, 1371-1390NWG RW Robert III, 1390-1406NWG SW Fifteenth centuryNWG T James I, 1406-1437NWG U James II, 1437-1460NWG W James III, 1460-1488NWG X Annexation of Orkney & Shetland, 1472, on failure to pay dowry

on James' wifeNWJ P James IV, 1488-1513NWJ W Mary, Queen of Scots 1561-1568 (executed 1587)NWK DO James VI 1587-1603 (James I of England)NWK DOX Union with England 1603

NWU- Scottish local historyFollow instructions given at NU

NX IRELANDUse NX for Ireland as a whole, for all times since the early Middle Ages. For history since 1921, let ususe NX for the Irish Republic & NY for Northern Ireland.

For earlier periods, use LAE. Note that Ireland was never in the Roman Empire. We may use thephrase "Roman Iron Age" (cf. 25 November 1999, item 2/6[b]) for Irish archaeology of the periodimmediately before the early Middles Ages.

NXB Ancient/Pre-Christian


NXB Z Middle AgesNXC Early Middle Ages, 400-1300 (use for early Christian period)NXD Viking (795-1014)NXE Romanesque (1014-1166)NXF DP English Conquest 1166-1185NXG Late Middle Ages, 14th & 15th centuryNXJ Sixteenth century

NXK Seventeenth century

NXL Eighteenth century

NXM Nineteenth centuryNXM D Irish Famine 1845-1849

NXN Twentieth centuryNXN D Partition, 1922

NXU Irish local historyFollow instructions given at NU

NY Northern Ireland

NYN DM TroublesNYN DP Peace processNYN DR Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985

NYP Isle of ManAdd to NYP letters following L in LA/LM.For prehistory use LAE … 28Q HFor Roman use LVS QE … 28Q HNYP P early Middle Ages (500-800)NYP R Viking & after (800-1250)NYP T late Middle Ages (1250-1450)NYP V early Modern (1450-1765)NYP X British rule (1765-)

NYQ Channel Islands (English Channel)Add to NYQ letters following L in LA/LM.For prehistory use LAE … 28HFor Roman use LVS QE … 28HNYQ P arrival of Christianity (sixth & seventh centuries)NYQ R early Middle Ages (709-1066)NYQ S inundation 709NYQ T Middle Ages (1066-1500)NYQ V early Modern (1500-1700)NYQ X Modern (1700-)NYQ Y German occupation (1940-1945)

NZ BRITISH EMPIRE/ THE COMMONWEALTH/ COLONIAL HISTORY*Alternative (preferred) to placing these works with the history of the individual

country

NZA Add to NZA letters following L in LA-LM

(by period)NZA P Sixteenth century


NZA Q Seventeenth centuryNZA R Eighteenth centuryNZA S Nineteenth centuryNZA T Twentieth century

(by place)build from letters following O in this scheduleNB Regions may be divided by period by using letters following NZ in NZA P-NZA

Te.g. Nineteenth century Africa NZZ AS

NZC American ContinentNZD United StatesNZE CanadaNZF Central & South AmericaNZF D West IndiesNZJ AustralasiaNZL AsiaNZN Middle EastNZP IndiaNZZ Africa

O AMERICAN HISTORY (used also for Atlantic World, colonial)

OAA/OAM Add to letters OA letters following L in LA/LM

(by period)OAN Pre-European (before 1000)OAP First European contacts (1000-1600)OAQ Historic (1600-)

OBZ ARCTIC CIRCLEWhere discussion is limited to the Arctic region of specific countries, use OBZ + 28 + notation fromAux. 2.

Where discussion is limited to specific sites, use OBZ + 29 + initial (or first two letters) of site name.

OBZ N GREENLAND

OC NORTH AMERICA

OCA/M divide like LA/M

(by period)OCN pre-1500 (use for pre-Columbian USA)OCP Sixteenth centuryOCQ Seventeenth centuryOCR Eighteenth centuryOCS Nineteenth centuryOCT Twentieth century

OD UNITED STATES

ODA AA/B Archaeological generalities. Add letters from LAA/LAB.

(by tribe/culture)

ODA C Add initial of tribe or culture


(by period)In the following classmarks, use the second ‘D’ only when classifying a book about the United Statesas a whole. Omit it when synthesizing with ODA P/X.

ODA DH Paleo-Indian & Pre-Archaic (to c. 8500 BC).

ODA DJ Archaic (c. 8500-2000 BC)

ODA DP Woodland and its contemporaries (c. 2000 BC-AD 1000)

ODA DW Mississippi and its contemporaries (c. 1000-1700)

ODA DX Historic (c. 1700-)

(by region)

ODA P Northeast (Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Michigan,Minnesota, Wisconsin, Delaware, Maryland)

ODA Q Midwest-Southeast (W. Virginia, Virginia, N. & S. Carolina,Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana,Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas,Kentucky)

ODA R Plains (N. & S. Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas & edges of adjacentstates)

ODA S Plateau (Montana, Wyoming & edges of adjacent states)

ODA T Southwest (Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho)

ODA U Great Basin (Utah, Nevada, & edges of adjacent states)

ODA V Northwest Coast (Washington, Oregon)

ODA W California

ODA X Alaska

This schedule has been designed for use as follows:

(i) Assign region.

The divisions by region are based on those in the Smithsonian Institution’s Handbook of NorthAmerican Indians. To avoid cross-classification, let us use them for the historic period also.

For cross-regional works & works about the United States as a whole, use ODA.

(ii) Add one of the five major periods, omitting the second ‘D’ if a region has been assigned.

(iii) Add either'C' + the initial of the name of a tribe/cultureorthe Bliss classmark, using the letters following LA in LAA/LAB, to show the book’s subject withinarchaeology.

As an example of the above procedure in action, here is how it would handle the book The HardinVillage Site by Lee H. Hanson, jr. The book discusses a Kentucky village in the period 1500-1675.


(i) Assign region.Kentucky ODA Q ODA Q

(ii) Add one of the five major periods.1500-1675; fits in “Mississippi”. ODA DW ODA QW

(iii) Add either ‘C’ + the initial of the name of a tribe (culture)Shawnee S ODA QWC Sor the letters following LA in LAA/LAB, to show the book’s subject within archaeologyvillages LAB XS ODA QWB XS

ODB-ODM History (general) – add to OD letters B-M from LB-LMODO 1750-1950 (use for 18th & 19th centuries together)ODO R 1775-1861 Revolution to the Civil WarODO W Revolution/War of IndependenceODO X Declaration of Independence 1776

ODP 'United States' 1783-1800ODP P Confederation 1781-1789ODP Q The Constitution 1787ODP R Constitutional Period 1789-1809ODP S George Washington 1789-1797ODP T John Adams 1797-1801ODP U Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809ODP UV Louisiana Purchase 1803ODP UW War with Tripoli 1801-1805ODP V Madison 1809-1817ODP W Western Expansion/ The Frontier

ODQ Nineteenth centuryODQ N Early nineteenth century 1800-1865ODQ NW Madison administration 1809-1817ODQ NY Monroe administration 1817-1825ODQ O John Quincy Adams administration 1825-1829ODQ P Jackson administration 1829-1837ODQ Q Van Buren administration 1837-1841ODQ R William H. Harrison administration 1841ODQ T Tyler administration 1841-1845

ODR N Ante-Bellum period, 1845-1861ODR O Slavery questionODR P Polk administration 1845-1849ODR Q Annexation of Texas 1845ODR R War with Mexico 1845-1848ODR S Mexican cession 1848ODR T Taylor administration 1849-1850ODR U Fillmore administration 1850-1853ODR V Pierce administration 1853-1857ODR W Buchanan administration 1857-1861

ODS X Civil War period 1861-1865ODS XY Confederate StatesODS Y Lincoln's administration 1861-1865ODS Z Emancipation of the slaves 1862

ODT Late nineteenth century 1865-1900ODT N Reconstruction period 1865-1871ODT NX Johnson administration 1865-1869


ODT NY Purchase of AlaskaODT O Ulysses Simpson Grant administration 1869-

1877ODT P 1877-1913ODT PW Hayes administration 1877-1881ODT PX Garfield administration 1881ODT PY Arthur administration 1881-1885ODT PZ Cleveland's first administration 1885-1889ODT Q 1890sODT R Benjamin Harrison administration 1889-1893ODT S Cleveland's second administration 1893-1897ODT T McKinley's administrations 1897-1901, Mar-

Sept. 1901ODT TX Annexation of Hawaii, Philippines &

Puerto Rico, 1898ODT TY War of 1898 (Spanish-American War)

ODU Twentieth centuryODU N Progressive Era 1900-1916ODU O The Jazz Age c,1914-1932ODU P Theodore Roosevelt, President, 1901-1909ODU Q Taft administration 1909-1913ODU R Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921ODU S World War I period 1914-1918

ODU T Inter-War period 1919-1941ODU TX Harding administration 1921-1923ODU TY Coolidge administration 1923-1929ODU TZ Hoover administration 1929-1933ODU U 1930s / The DepressionODU V F.D. Roosevelt's administration 1933-1945ODU W The New Deal

ODV World War II 1941-1945ODV N Pearl HarbourODV NV War with Japan

ODV O Post-war period 1945-ODV OV Truman administration 1945-1953ODV OX Korean War 1950-1953ODV OZ Eisenhower administration 1953-1961ODV P 1960-ODV PX Vietnam War 1961-1975ODV Q Kennedy administration 1961-1963ODV R Lyndon Johnson 1963-1969ODV RV 'Freedom Summer' 1965ODV S Richard Nixon 1969-1974ODV SW WatergateODV T Gerald Ford 1974-1977ODV U Jimmy Carter 1977-1981ODV V Ronald Reagan 1981-1989ODV W George Bush 1989-1993ODV X Bill Clinton 1993-2000

ODW Twenty-first century

ODZ United States local history (but subordinate to period when period isincluded using 28)

Add letters following Y from Aux. 2


OE CANADA & BRITISH AMERICA

OEA/M divide like LA-LM

(by period)OEN Late Woodland & early European contacts (1000 - 1600)OEP Sixteenth centuryOEQ French regime 1608-1763OER British rule 1763-OES Confederation 1867-OET Twentieth century

OEZ Canadian local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add letters following X in Aux. 2 e.g., OEZ DN Newfoundland

OF CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICAOFA Add to OFA letters following L in LA/LMOFA = L throughout (so OFA + LAB = OFA AB; OFA + LB = OFA B) – 19 October 2004

(by period – use OFA N/OFA T only for synthesis with classmarks for specificCentral American countries other than Mexico, i.e. those at OFC F/OFC W)OFA N AncientOFA O Maya (250 BC-AD 1000)OFA P Colonization/ConquestOFA Q Spanish DominationOFA R Eighteenth centuryOFA S Nineteenth centuryOFA T Twentieth century

(by place)

MEXICO & ANCIENT MESOAMERICA

OFB A Add to OFB A letters following LA in LAOFB B Add to OFB B letters following L in LB/LM

In synthesis with LA:OFB = L (so OFB + LAB = OFB AB) – 19 October 2004

However, in synthesis with LB/LM:OFB B = L (so OFB B + LB = OFB BB) – 19 October 2004

OFB D ancient to 3500 BCOFB E pre-8000 BC (Palaeo-Indian/Preceramic)OFB F 8000 BC -- 2000 BC (Archaic)OFB G 3500 BC -- 300 AD (Pre-Classic)OFB H 1500 BC -- 850 BC (Early Formative [1st dated pottery])OFB HR 1500 BC -- 1150 BC (Tierras Largas phase)OFB HS 1150 BC -- 850 BC (San Jos� phase)OFB L 1200 BC -- 600 BC (Olmec culture -- La Venta

Tarasca)OFB M 850 BC -- 250 BC (Middle Formative)OFB MP 850 BC -- 600 BC (Guadalupe phase/Zacatenco period)OFB MS 600 BC -- 500 BC (Rosario phase)Late Olmec period? Izapan civilization (Chiapas area)? Patlachique period -- 150 BC -- 1 AD?Chinantecs (between Olmec & Zapotec in the Isthmus)?OFB PM 250 BC -- 1000 AD (Mayan civilization)OFB PMN El Mirador (250 BC -- 220 AD)OFB PMP Tikal (200 BC -- 800 AD)


OFB PMQ Palenque & Cop�n (600 AD -- 800 AD)OFB PMU Uxmal (700 AD -- 1000 AD)OFB PT 150 BC -- 750 AD (Teotihuacan)OFB PV 200 AD -- 750 AD (Monte Alban/Zapotec cultures)OFB QR 250 AD -- 1000 AD (Classic)OFB QS 250 AD -- 600 AD (Early Classic)OFB QT 500 AD -- 1521 AD (or 400-800

AD?)(Totonac)OFB QW 600 AD -- 900 AD (Late Classic)OFB QX 700 AD -- 950 AD (Otomi culture/ Coyotlatelco

period)OFB R 900 AD - 1521 AD (Post-classic period)OFB T Toltec & Chichimec cultures? dates?OFB TM Chichimec culture? NorthernersOFB TO 900 AD -- 1200/1224 AD (Toltec/Tula)OFB TOQ Quetzalcoatl b. 947 ADOFB U 950 AD -- 1122 AD (Mazapan period)OFB V 1100 AD -- 1522 AD (Tarscan culture & empire

-- Michoacan)OFB VM 1200 AD -- 1525 AD (Mixtec culture)OFB VZ 1200 AD -- 1400 AD (early Aztec)OFB W 1350 AD -- 1521 AD (Aztecs & the founding of

Tenochtitlan)OFB WS Izcoatl, reigned 1427/8-1440OFB WT Moctezuma I, reigned 1440-1469OFB WV dates?? Matlatzinco culture in Valley of TolucaOFB WZ Conquest of Mexico, 1519OFB X 1519 AD -- 1700 AD (Post-Conquest/Colonial period -- Cortes landed 12March 1519)OFB YY 18th centuryOFB YZ19th centuryOFB ZT 20th centuryOFC Central AmericaOFC A Add to OFC letters following L in LA/LM

(by period)OFC AN- build from OFA N-T periods for Central & South America

(by place)Add letters following ZJ from Aux. 2then subordinate to period when necessary & add further place

divisions using 28OFC F BelizeOFC G GuatemalaOFC L El SalvadorOFC N HondurasOFC P NicaraguaOFC T Costa RicaOFC W Panama

OFD A West Indies & Bermudas/CaribbeanOFD A Add to OFD letters following L in LA/LM

(by period)OFD AN- build from OFA N-T periods for Central & South AmericaOFD AO Late Ceramic (600-1500)

(by place)Add to OF letters following Z from Aux. 2

OFD FA BermudasOFD FE BermudaOFD H West Indies, AntillesOFD P BahamasOFE Cuba


OFF A JamaicaOFF J HaitiOFF N Dominican Republic

OFF Y American West Indies (general)OFG Puerto RicoOFH R Windward IslandsOFH T Trinidad & Tobago

OG South AmericaOGA Add to OGA letters following L in LA/LMOGA = L throughout (so OGA + LAB = OGA AB; OGA + LB = OGA B) – 19 October 2004

OGD E PrehispanicOGD F Preceramic (also known as Archaic)OGD H Early 10,000-6000 BCOGD K Middle 6000-3000 BCOGD KO Chinchorro (coastal Chile)OGD L Late 3000-1800 BCOGD LP Valdivia (coastal Ecuador)OGD O Initial Period 1800-800 BCOGD OS Salinas (Peruvian coast)OGD OU Cupisnique (Peruvian coast)OGD P Early Horizon (Chav�n) 800-200 BCOGD PQ Chav�nOGD PR Paracas (coast of Peru)OGD T Early Intermediate Period 200 BC - AD 600OGD TG Guangala culture (Ecuador)OGD TM Moche (Salinar & Gallinazo cultures -- early)OGD TN NascaOGD U Middle Horizon -- Wari (Huari) & Tiwanaku AD 600-1000OGD V Late Intermediate Period 1000-1470OGD VS Sic�n (Peruvian coast) 900-1100OGD VU Chim� (Peruvian coast)OGD VX WankaOGD W Inca (also known as Tawantinsuyu) 1470-1532OGD WX ChinchaOGD WY ConquestOGD X 16th & 17th century -- travel & exploration period, post-conquestOGD Y 18th century – colonialOGD Z 19th century – post-colonial

For the Haddon’s purposes, any book covering events after 1850 is likely to be classified outsidehistory.

(Regions)OGN Andes MountainsOGN PN Andes Mountains (North)OGN PS Andes Mountains (South)OGN PT Altiplano (Lake Titicaca region)OGN U Coastal Strip (include here Patagonia & Tierra del Fuego)OGP R AmazonOGP S Circum-CaribbeanOGP U Islands (alternative to OFD/OFH T)OGP W Plains

(Countries)OGS ColombiaOGS V VenezuelaOGS Z Bolivia


OGT PeruOGT Q ChileOGT R EcuadorOGU BrazilOGU Q French GuianaOGU R GuyanaOGU S SurinamOGW ArgentinaOGX ParaguayOGY Uruguay

OGZ Pacific Rim

OH Oceania/South PacificOHA Add to OGA letters following L in LA/LM

(by period)OHA N AncientOHA O Polynesian settlement (200BC – AD 1700)OHA P First European contacts (1550-1700)OHA R Eighteenth centuryOHA S Nineteenth centuryOHA T Twentieth century

(by place)Add letters following T from Aux. 2then subordinate to period when necessary & add further place divisions using 28

OHS D South PacificOHS G MelanesiaOHT FijiOHU B MicronesiaOHU Q GuamOHY B PolynesiaOHY D HawaiiOHY K Marquesas IslandsOHY QE Easter IslandOHY X Tonga Archipelago

OJ AUSTRALASIA

Add to OJ letters following L in LA-LM.OJD PrehistoryOJN Ancient historyOJP Post-contact 1787- [line added 26 April 2007]OJR Colonial/convict transportation periodOJS Nineteenth centuryOJT Twentieth centuryOJU AustraliaOJV New Zealand

(by place)Add to 28 letters following U in UA -UV from Aux. 2

OK Eastern WORLD history

OKN Early, Dark AgesOKO AD 750-1055OKP MedievalOKQ Renaissance


OKR Eighteenth centuryOKS Nineteenth century/ British dominationOKT Twentieth century

OL ASIA

OLA Add to OLA letters following L in LA/LMOLA N-T (by period)

Divide like OKN -T(by place)

OLD Central/Western Asia

OLG Islam/ Arab world

OLH Asia Minor / Ottoman Empire

OM Turkey(by period) major periods as in Asian history

OMP MedievalOMP S Seljuk Empire, 1071-1300OMP T Crusades

ON Middle EastONA Add to ONA letters following L in LA/LMONA N-T (by period) major periods as in OKN-OKTONA PTCrusader statesONN SyriaONO Lebanon

ONP Israel/PalestineONP TS Six Day War 1967ONP TY Yom Kippur War 1973

ONP Z Palestine

ONQ Jordan

ONQ Z Red SeaONR ArabiaONT YemenONU Gulf StatesONU D OmanONU S BahrainONV IraqONW Iran/ PersiaONW N Ummayad Caliphate, 651-750ONW O Abbasid Caliphate, 750-1250ONW P Mongol (1250-1500)ONW Q Safavid period 1501-1736ONX Afghanistan

ONZ South Asia. Do not use for Indian sub-continentOP INDIA, the Indian sub-continentOPA/M Divide like LA/LM

OPN Ancient (3000 BC -1200 AD)OPN O Indus Valley civilization (3000-600 BC)


OPN T 600 BC – 300 ADOPN V 300-1200OPO Muslim dominance, 1000-1750OPO P Portuguese power 1497-1550OPP Mughal Empire, 1483-1757OPQ Seventeenth centuryOPQ Z East India Company, 1600-OPR Eighteenth centuryOPR N Clive of India 1743-1766OPR P Warren Hastings, Governor General, 17OPR Q 1775-1815OPR W Richard, Marquis Wellesley

OPS Nineteenth centuryOPS E Sir Thomas MonroOPS G 1830sOPS L Lord LawrenceOPS T Indian Mutiny 1857

OPS U British Rule/Raj 1858-1947OPS V 1870-OPS W Later nineteenth century 'High Raj'OPS X Decline of the Raj

OPT Twentieth centuryOPT O Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 1869-1948OPT P Nehru, Jawarharlal, 1889-OPT W World War II 1939-1945

OPU Independence 1947OPU N 1947-OPU P Integration of the states, 1947-1951

OPZ Indian local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add letters from Aux. 2

OQ PakistanAdd to OQ letters following Q in QP-QY from Aux. 2

OQP BangladeshOQS BhutanOQT SikkimOQU NepalOQW Sri Lanka/ CeylonOQY Z Indian Ocean

OQZ Far East, East Asia, Northeast Asia(China, Japan, Korea)

OR CHINA

ORA/M divide like LA/M

(by period)ORN N Archaic Kingdom (alternative to placing with Prehistory at LAU)ORN P Age of the Five Rulers, ca.27-22 centuries BCORN Q Xia Dynasty, ca. 22-16 centuries BC


ORN S Shang Dynasty, 1600-1100 BC

ORO Classical period 1122-221 BCORO N Zhou DynastyORO O Western Zhou, 1066 BC - 771 BCORO P Eastern ZhouORO Q Spring & Autumn, ca. 8 - 3 centuries BCORO R Warring states, 770 BC - 221 BC

ORP Ancient Empire 221BC - AD 581ORP N Ch'in, Qin 221-206 BCORP P Han 206 BC-220 ADORP Q Western Han 206 BC - AD 8ORP R Eastern Han AD 25 - 220ORP S Six Dynasties AD 221-589ORP T Three Kingdoms AD 220-280ORP TX Wei 220-265ORP TY Shu Han 221-263ORP TZ Wu 222-280ORP U Western Jin 265-316ORP V Eastern Jin 317-420ORP W Sixteen Kingdoms 304-420ORP X Southern & Northern Dynasty 386-589ORP XY Southern Dynasty 420-589ORP XZ Northern Dynasty 386-581

ORQ Medieval Empire 589-1279ORQ S Sui Dynasty 589-618ORQ T Tang Dynasty 618-907ORQ U Five Dynasties / Ten States 907-960ORQ V Song, Sung Dynasty 960-1279ORQ VX Northern Song 960-1127ORQ VY Southern Song 1127-1279ORQ W Liao Dynasty 907-1125ORQ X Western Xia Dynasty 1032-1227ORQ Y Lin Dynasty 1115-1234

ORR Modern Empire, 1279-1911ORR M Yuan Dynasty, Mongol rulers 1279-1368ORR N Khubla Khan 1260-1294 Founder of the Mongol Empire of ChinaORR O Ming Dynasty 1368~1644

ORR P Modern period C16th -ORR PX Seventeenth centuryORR Q Qing, Ch'ing or Ts'ing Dynasty, Manchu Tartar 1644-1912ORR R Eighteenth century

ORS Nineteenth centuryORS O Opium Wars 1839-1842ORS T Tzu Hsi, Empress, 1851-1908

ORT Twentieth centuryORT N 1900-1911ORT P Boxer Uprising 1900ORT Q Republic 1911-1949ORT R Revolution 1911ORT S Nationalist Revolution 1927


ORT T Sino-Japanese War

ORT N Communist Revolution 194 9~ORT O Mao Tse Tung 1893-1976ORT P Post Mao periodORT Q Cultural Revolution 1966-1969ORT R Gang of Four 1966-1976ORT S post Cultural Revolution period 1969-

ORZ Chinese local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add to ORZ letters following R in Aux. 2, e.g.

ORZ E Hong KongORZ R Mongolia (outer)OS KOREAOSA/OSM Archaeology. Divide like LA/LMOSN Chulmun (8000-700 BC)OSN Z Bronze AgeOSO Early Bronze Age (700-400 BC)OSP Late Bronze Age (400-001 BC)OSQ Early Iron Age (400-001 BC [sic])OSR Late Iron Age (1-300)OSS Three Kingdoms (300-668)OST United Shilla (668-918)OSU Koryo (918-1392)OSV Yi (Choson)(1392-1910)OSW Colonial (Japanese)(1910-1945)OSX Modern (1945-)OSX N North KoreaOSX S South KoreaOT JAPAN

OTA/M divide like LA-LM

(by period)OTN Ancient -AD 645OTN N Jomon, 10,000-300 BCOTN P Yayoi, 300 BC-AD 300OTN R Kofun (Yamato), 300-645OTP Medieval 645-1603OTP N Asuka (Taika reforms) 645-710OTP P Nara 710-794OTP Q Heian 794-1185OTP R Kamakura 1185-1333OTP S Mongol invasions, 1274, 1281OTP T Muromachi 1333-1568OTP U early modern, 1550-1800OTP V period of contact with the West, 1550-1650OTQ Edo, also Tokugawa 1603-1868 (Shogunate)OTS 1868-1900: Meiji Restoration periodOTT Twentieth centuryOTT N Taisho, 1912-1926OTT P Showa, 1926-1989OTT Q World War IIOTT R Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1945OTT T Post War 1945-OTT U Heisei, 1989-

OTZ Japanese local history (but subordinate to period when period is included using 28)Add letters from Aux. 2


OU SOUTH EAST ASIAOU Add to OU letters following L in LA-LM

(by period)OUN Early, Dark AgesOUO AD 750-1055OUP Eleventh to fifteenth centuriesOUQ Sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesOUR Eighteenth centuryOUS Nineteenth century/ British dominationOUT Twentieth century

(by place)OUU Malay ArchipelagoOUV Philippines

other places in South East AsiaAdd to OV letters following T in Aux. 2

OVB Indo-ChinaOVD Vietnam

* Vietnam War see OPY DVOVE LaosOVG Kampuchea/CambodiaOVH B Thailand/SiamOVH L BurmaOVJ B MalaysiaOVJ T SingaporeOVJ W SarawakOVJ Z South China SeaOVK IndonesiaOVL SumatraOVM JavaOVR Papua New Guinea

OX AFRICA

OXA/M Add letters following L in LA/LM.

For archaeology of the period 1000-1850 use OXN/OXS + letters following L in LA.

(by period)OXN Early - 1050 ADOXP 1050-1600OXQ 1600-1700OXR 1700-1800OXS 1800-1900OXT Twentieth centuryOXU 1943-

(by place)OY2 8S Sahara DesertOY2 8V River Nile

OY North AfricaOYA Archaeology. Add to OYA letters following LAOYB History. Add to OYB letters following L in LB/LMOYC N-U By period. Add to OYC letters following OX in OXN-OXU.


OYE EgyptOYE M ancient history; add to OYE M letters T/Y following LS for periodOYG Sudan (use forNubia)OYH Maghreb (North-West Africa)OYJ Barbary CoastOYL LibyaOYM TunisiaOYP AlgeriaOYP UW Algerian War 1954-1962OYS MoroccoOYS Q Canary IslandsOYT Spanish Sahara

OZE X Africa south of the Sahara(by place)

Where possible, add to OZ letters following V in Aux. 2. Check that these do not clash with notationalready used.

OZE Z West AfricaOZF F French West AfricaOZF H MauritaniaOZF L SenegalOZG E GuineaOZG G Sierra LeoneOZG J LiberiaOZG K Ivory CoastOZG M MaliOZG P NigerOZG R Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)

OZG S British West AfricaOZG T GhanaOZG Y Benin (Dahomey)OZH Nigeria

OZI Central AfricaOZJ ChadOZK CamerounOZM Congo (Dem. Rep.)/Zaire

OZO Southern AfricaOZQ South AfricaOZQ V BotswanaOZQ W NamibiaOZQ X LesothoOZQ Y Swaziland

OZQ Z East AfricaOZR C MozambiqueOZR R Zimbabwe

OZR Z ZambiaOZS K British East AfricaOZS M Malawi

OZS Z TanzaniaOZT U Zanzibar


OZT Y Rwanda

OZT Z UgandaOZU F BugandaOZU K Kenya

OZV EthiopiaOZV S SomaliaOZX Madagascar

Copyright: Graham Howorth �1982Notation & additional material: Heather Lane �1997

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