histology. chapter overview 4.1 human tissue classifications 4.2 epithelial tissue 4.3 connective...
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Histology
Chapter Overview
4.1 Human Tissue Classifications
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue
4.5 Muscular Tissue
4.6 Nervous Tissue
4.7 Tissue Repair
Histology
Essential Terms
Tissue
Histology
pathologist
Introduction1. While cells are basic functional and structural
unit of life, they function in groups as tissues to carry out specialized activities
2. Tissues are influenced by factors –1. _________________
2. _________________
3. Tissues may be hard, semisolid, or liquid
4. Vary with kind of _________, cellular ___________, and types of _____ present
Human Body Tissue ClassificationClassified into four groups according to
function structure
Groups
1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nervous
Epithelial Tissues
General FeaturesEpithelium (singular) or epithelia (plural)
1. Characteristics:
2. Locations:
Figure 4.1
Epithelial TissueBasement membrane functions:
Epithelium characteristics ___________ ___________
because apical surface cells sloughed off, worn off, and damaged then replaced
two types1. covering and lining2. glandular
Covering and Lining EpitheliaClassified according to
1. arrangement of cells in layers
2. cell shapes• squamous = • cuboidal = • columnar = • transitional =
Figure 4.2
Table 4.1 pt 1
Table 4.1 pt 2
Table 4.1 pt 3
Table 4.1 pt 4
Table 4.1 pt 5
Table 4.1 pt 6
Table 4.1 pt 7
Glandular Epithelia1. Gland:2. Glandular cell function is secretion3. Classification of glands
exocrine into ducts onto a surface or inside a lumen Secretion Examples:
endocrine into the blood Secretes: Examples:
Table 4.1 pt 8
Table 4.1 pt 9
Concept 4.3 Connective Tissues
Connective Tissue Most abundant tissue type
Functions
Examples and Locations
General FeaturesTwo basic elements
1. cells
2. extracellular matrix
Characteristics:
Figure 4.3
Types of Cells in C.T. immature “blast” cells Macrophages Mast cells Adipocytes White blood cells Plasma Cells
Extracellular Matrix determines classification of connective
tissues two components
ground substance fibers
Ground Substance between cells and fibers can be fluid, semifluid, or calcified Functions:
Ground Substance contains large organic molecules
polysaccharides and proteins glycosaminoglycans or GAGs
trap water example: hyaluronic acid
Fibers Function to strengthen and support Three major types
1. Collagen – leave space
2. Elastic -space
3. reticular
Collagen Fibers very strong resist pulling forces parallel bundles most abundant protein in body 25% of total
proteins found in most connective tissue types
bone cartilage tendons ligaments
Figure 4.3
Elastic Fibers smaller in diameter than collagen branch and join together forming network protein named elastin can stretch up to 150% of relaxed length
without breaking ability to return to original shape plentiful in
skin blood vessel walls lung tissue
Reticular Fibers collagen arranged in fine bundles provide support in walls of blood vessels help form the basement membrane form network around cells of some tissues
areolar adipose smooth muscle plentiful in reticular connective tissue
Mature Connective Tissue1. loose
• areolar connective tissue• adipose tissue• reticular connective tissue
2. dense • dense regular• dense irregular• elastic connective
3. cartilage• hyaline• fibrocartilage• elastic cartilage
4. bone 5. liquid
• blood
Figure 4.4
Table 4.2a
Table 4.2b
Table 4.2c
Table 4.2d
Table 4.2e
Table 4.2f
Table 4.2g
Table 4.2h
Table 4.2i
Table 4.2j
Table 4.2k
Muscular Tissues
Muscular Tissue
Characteristics
Locations:1. skeletal2. cardiac3. smooth
Skeletal Muscle
striated long cells (up to 30-40cm) cylindrical in shape many nuclei at periphery of cell fibers are parallel voluntary
Cardiac Muscle ________ ________ ________
sometimes two nuclei ________
cell junctions strengthen tissue and hold cells together provide route for quick conduction of impulses
________
Smooth Muscle _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
cell junctions strengthen tissue and hold cells together provide route for quick conduction of impulses
_________
Nervous Tissues
Nervous Tissue two principal types of cells
1. Neurons:– sensitive to various stimuli– convert stimuli into impulses– conduct impulses to:
2. Neuroglia:
3. Locations:
Table 4.4
Tissue Repair
Tissue Repair ability to repair depends on
extent of damage tissue type
Epithelium -
connective -
muscle -
nervous -
Tissue Repair New cells originate by cell division from
parenchyma (functioning part of tissue)
stroma (supporting connective tissue)
tissue repair affected by 1. 2.
Tissue Repair Animations:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/inflammatory.html
http://faculty.riohondo.edu/rbethel/videos/micro_inflammation.swf
Figure 4.5c
Figure 4.5c
Table 4.3 pt 1
Table 4.3 pt 2
Table 4.3 pt 3
Epithelial Tissuebasement membrane thin extracellular layer made up of
basal lamina
reticular lamina