Hindi to English Wordnet Linkage: Challenges and Solutions

Jaya SaraswatiRajita Shukla

Ripple P. GoyalPushpak Bhattacharyya

Linking of Hindi wordnet (version 1.2) to the Princeton WordNet (version 2.1)

Introduction

Scenario in a Multilingual Country like India

Indo-European languages, Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages, Austro-Asiatic, Tibeto-Burman.

o 22 Official languages and hundreds of dialects

o Several Linguistics Families

Roadmap

1. Need for Linkage

2. Challenges in Linkage

3. Solutions

4. WN Synset Linkage Tool

5. Statistics

Creation of Bilingual Dictionaries

Need for Linkage

NLP tasks like Machine Translation and Cross Lingual Information Retrieval

Word Sense Disambiguation even in the absence of sense tagged corpora in target language

Create a wide wordnet grid of shared concepts.

Kinship Relations

Challenges in Linkage

Women denoting Caste and Occupation

Musical Instruments Kitchen Utensils Tools Species Grains Castes Occupations Wages

Uncleचाचा

(caacaa)

मामा (maamaa)

फूफा (phoophaa)

मौसा (mausaa)

Kinship Relations

drumतबला

(tabalaa)

ढोल (dhol)मृदंग (mridang)

नगाड़ा (nagaadaa)

Musical Instruments

Kitchen Utensils

◦Specific utensils

डोंगा (dongaa - bowl); कटोरदान (katoradaan - container)

◦Size difference

कलछा (kalachhaa - big ladle ); कलछी (kalachhii - small ladle)

o Problem of exact matches in English

कनखोदनी (kanakhodanii); अंकुसी (ankusii) (very specific kinds of tools)

Tools

o Size difference

खुर्पाा! (khurpaa – big spud); खुर्पा" (khurpii – small spud)

o English WordNet does not always have synsets for the male and female of the species

मेंढक (meⁿḍhaka – male frog); मेंढकीी (meⁿḍhakii - female frog)

Species

o Some English concepts do not have separate synsets for species and male of the species

शेर (śera - denoting the species tiger); शेर (śera – denoting male tiger)

Millet

ज्वार बाजरा मँड़ुआ

Grains

लुहार (luhaara – a member of the caste of the ironsmiths)

Castes

धोबी (dhobi - a member of the caste of people who wash clothes)

लुहारी (luhaarii - occupation/work of an ironsmith)

Occupations

सुनारी (sunaarii - occupation/work of a goldsmith)

ढुलाई (dhulaaii – wages for carrying /transporting )

Wages

रु्पाताई (putaaii - wages for housepainting)

o Women of various castes

धोबिबन (dhobina - a woman belonging to the caste of the washermen)

Women denoting Caste and Occupation

o Wives of men from a certain caste or profession

धोबिबन (dhobina - wife of a washerman)

Two kinds of linkages:

Solutions

◦Hypernymy Linkage for synsets which cannot be linked directly to English concepts

◦Direct Linkage for synsets having exact equivalents in English

Examples of hypernymy linkage :

Solutions (contd.)

◦डोंगा (dongaa) – to be linked to tableware

◦चाचा (caacaa) and मामा (maamaa) – to be linked to uncle

◦तबला (tabalaa) etc. to be linked to drum

◦ज्वार (jwaara), बाजरा (baajaraa) - to be linked to millet

◦कनखोदनी (kanakhodanii) – to be linked to tool

o Terms denoting caste – to be linked to jati

Solutions (contd.)

o Terms denoting professions – to be linked to occupation

o Terms denoting remunerations – to be linked to wage

o Terms for women of various castes – to be linked to jati

o Terms for wives of men belonging to various castes and occupations - to be linked to wife

Size Differentiation in Tools and Utensils

o Direct linkage for the more popular term (as in खुर्पा" khurpii)o Hypernymy linkage to be used for the other (as inखुर्पाा! khurpaa)

Solutions (contd.)

Species and the male of the species

o Direct linkage for term denoting species (शेर śera – linked to tiger)

o Hypernymy linkage to be used to denote the male (शेर śera – again linked to tiger)

WN Synset Linking Tool (Offline)

Hindi Wordnet Online Interface

Total Hindi synsets 34343Number of Synsets Linked 15091

Number of Synsets Skipped 15550

Number of Synsets left for First Consideration

3702

Hypernymy Linked 20Direct Linked 15071

Statistics

Linking of the Hindi wordnet to the English wordnet,

Conclusions

Help in maximizing linkages

The Challenges therein, and

The Solutions - Strategy of using Direct and Hypernymy Linkages

Arun Karthikeyan Karra. 2010. WordNet Linking. Master of Technology Dissertation, CSE Department, IIT Bombay.

Dipak Narayan, Debasri Chakrabarty, Prabhakar Pande and P. Bhattacharyya. 2002. An Experience in Building the Indo WordNet- a WordNet for Hindi. International Conference on Global WordNet (GWC 02), Mysore, India.

Fellbaum, C. 1998. Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database. The MIT Press.

J. Ramanand, Akshay Ukey, Brahm Kiran Singh, Pushpak Bhattacharyya. 2007. Mapping and Structural Analysis of Multi-lingual Wordnets. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, 30(1).

Kamil Bulke. 1997. An English-Hindi Dictionary (ed.). S. Chand & Co, New Delhi, India.

References

Lewis Henry Morgan. 1871. Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge; v. 218, Washington DC.

Mitesh Khapra, Sapan Shah, Piyush Kedia and Pushpak Bhattacharyya. 2009. Projecting Parameters for Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP09), Singapore.

Dr. S. Awasthi and Dr. (Smt.) I. Awasthi. 2000. Chambers English-Hindi Dictionary (ed.). Allied Publisher Limited, New Delhi, India.

www.Shabdkosh.com

www.wikipedia.org

http://pustak.org/bs/home.html

http://www.thefreedictionary.com

References

THANK YOU!!!