wordnet affect-071116

WORDNET WORDNET-AFFECT WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC AFFECTIVE WEIGHT AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION

Introduction toWordNet-Affect

Alessandro Valitutti

University College Dublin

November 7, 2016


OUTLINE

WORDNET

WORDNET-AFFECT

WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC

AFFECTIVE WEIGHT

AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION


WORDNET

I WordNet is an on-line lexical database widely used byresearcher in NLP

I Its design is inspired by psycholinguistic theories ofhuman lexical memory

I English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organizedinto sets of synonyms (called synsets), each representing anunderlying lexical concept

I A number of semantic relations was defined asassociations between pairs of synsets


WORDNET-AFFECT(STRAPPARAVA AND VALITUTTI, 2004):

I WordNet-Affect is an “affective” extension of WordNetI A subset of WordNet synsets containing words denoting

emotions (i.e., direct affective words) or indirectly referringto emotions (i.e., indirect affective words) are annotated bysemantic labels (called a-labels)

I Indirect affective words in WordNet-Affect refer toaffective states different from emotions (i.e., moods,personality traits, behaviors, etc.)

I There are no a-labels used to tag emotional connotation(e.g. insults or exclamations)


A-LABELS AND SOME EXAMPLES

Freely available (for research purposes) at URLwndomains.itc.it


EMOTIONAL HIERARCHY

Screenshots from the homepage of EUROSENTIMENTEU Project:www.gsi.dit.upm.es/ontologies/wnaffect/#overview


POLARITY TAGGING AND INHERITANCE

I All emotions in the hierarchy (and corresponding synsets)are characterized by a specific value of polarity:

I Positive emotions (joy#1, enthusiasm#1)I Negative emotions (fear#1, horror#1)I Ambiguous emotions, when the valence depends on the

context (surprise#1)I Neutral emotions, when the synset is considered affective

but not characterized by valence (indifference#1)

I Polarity is inherited along the hierarchy


STATIVE VS. CAUSATIVE

I Synsets with Part of Speech noun, verb and adverb aretagged as either stative or causative

I A word is said causative if it refers to some emotion that iscaused by the related subject (e.g. “amusing movie”)

I A word is is said stative if it refers to the emotion owned orfelt by the related subject (e.g. “cheerful/happy boy”).


WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC(VALITUTTI AND STRAPPARAVA, 2010):

I It is a next version of WordNet-Affect in which theemotional hierarchy is integrated with theOrtony-Clore-Collins (OCC) model of emotions, widelyemployed in computational applications.

I According to this model, emotions are classified accordingto some categories typically employed in the appraisalprocess

I The main categories are: events, objects, and actions


WNA-OCC: EVENTS


WNA-OCC: ACTIONS


WNA-OCC: OBJECTS


AFFECTIVE WEIGHT(STRAPPARAVA ET AL., 2006):

I WordNet-Affect provides the representation of directaffective words

I We used Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to measure thesemantic relatedness between direct affective words andindirect affective words in terms of cosine distance in thenormalized LSA space

I Each emotion in the hierarchy is represented as a vector inthe LSA space

I The affective weight of a generic word is obtainedmeasuring the cosine distance between the correspondingword vector and all emotion vectors and selecting theemotion with highest semantic relatedness

I Bellegarda (2010) developed a version of affective weightwhere emotion vectors are not built from WordNet-Affectlexicon but from a list of emotion words automaticallyextracted from a textual corpus


LSA SPACE

Semantic relatedness: cosine among vectors


AN EXAMPLE: University


AFFECTIVE WEIGHT OF NEWS TITLES


AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION

I (Strapparava et. al, 2007): example of use ofWordNet-Affect in a creative generative task

I Through automatic detection of the affective meaning oftexts, it is possible to animate the words that composethem

I Idea: linking the automatic creation of text animation tothe lexical semantic content (in particular to the affectivemeaning)

I Use of affective weight for identifying the word with thehighest emotional relatedness and generation of acorresponding animation


AFFECT DETECTION AND TEXT ANIMATIONMAIN STEPS:

1. Recognize the emotional category of the headline2. Mark the words that are closer to that emotion3. Assign the proper affective animation to each word4. Generate a comprehensive animation script, and display

the animated title


GENERATION OF “Anger”

Each emotion category in Wordnet-Affect was annotated withan appropriate textual animation


REFERENCESWordNet-Affect:

I C. Strapparava and A. Valitutti. WordNet-Affect: an Affective Extension of WordNet.4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC2004). May 26-28, Lisbon, 2004

WordNet-Affect-OCC:I A. Valitutti and C. Strapparava. Interfacing WordNet-Affect with OCC model of

emotions. Third International Workshop on EMOTION 2010 - Corpora forresearch on Emotion and Affect, pp. 16-19, 23 May 2010, Valletta, Malta

Affective Weight:I C. Strapparava and A. Valitutti and O. Stock. The Affective Weight of Lexicon.

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources andEvaluation, Genoa, Italy, May 2006

I Jerome R. Bellegarda (2010). Emotion Analysis Using Latent Affective Folding andEmbedding. Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on ComputationalApproaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, pages 19, LosAngeles, California, June 2010

Text animation based on Affective Weight:I C. Strapparava, A. Valitutti, and O. Stock. Dances with words. Accepted at the

20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-07), pp.17191724, Hyderabad, India, 6-12 January 2007.


If you have any questions or need any further information,please feel free to contact me at the following email address:

[email protected]

wordnet affect-071116

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