Build a future safer from earthquakes.Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

Hilti engineering for earthquake applications

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Global research and development

An increasing population density, the concentration of valuable assets in urban centers and society’s dependence on a functioning infrastructure demand a better understanding of the risks posed by earthquakes. In several areas around the globe, these risks have been reduced through appropriate building codes and state of the art construction practices. The development of pre-qual-ification methods to evaluate building products for seismic conditions addi-tionally contributes to safer buildings for generations to come.

A global network for local needs.

In our own laboratories, as well as in cooperation with universities around the globe, we are constantly developing new ideas and a better understanding of how Hilti products respond in seismic events. Through our 30,000 contact points with customers per day, we are able to trans-fer this knowledge to the building indus-try. Hilti field personnel provide training and technical support both onsite and in the design office. Our field engineers are connected to a global network of experts so that we can always provide advanced yet simple solutions - from the start of your design and the product selection to the point of a proper instal-lation on a jobsite.

In this brochure you will find:

• Anoverviewofapplicationswhere seismic considerations are common

• Informationaboutstandardstopre-qualify these systems for seismic conditions

• InformationaboutHiltiproductsthat are pre-qualified for seismic conditions

• Softwareforperformingseismicanchorage calculations

• InformationaboutanewFrench seismic approval for post-installed structural rebar connections

ProducedbytheGlobalSeismicHazardAssessmentProgram(GSHAP). GlobalmapassembledbyD.Giardini,G.Grünthal,K.ShedlockandP.Zhang(1999)

Hilti testing centers

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Global research and development

Hilti is committed to building a future safer from earthquakes. For decades, we have pioneered basic and applied research in fastening technology and construction products. Our network of in-house laboratories in Europe, North America and Asia, conducts product tests around the globe, nearly every day of the year. We also work with universities and external testing laboratories to tackle the most challenging technical problems that our customers face.

Hilti’s seismic research includes detailed investigation of product performance under simulated seismic conditions and full-scale system testing. This multilevel approach helps to capture the complexity of anchored systems behavior under seismic condi-tions.

With one of the world’s largest and most flexible steel deck diaphragm test frames, Hilti can do full-scale static and seismic testing of entire deck sections with up to 350 fastening points to assess parameters like fastener performance and energy dissipa-tion. This allows Hilti to test and develop powder-actuated and screw fastening sys-temssuitableforearthquakezonesinconjunctionwithvariousmetaldecksystems.

Fire and smoke can pose significant risks during and after an earthquake occurs. Hilti is pioneering research to extensively test firestop systems for earthquake perfor-mance in order to support our customers with recommendations for design applica-tions.

We apply our collected experience from extensive research and testing to de-velop better products that provide a greater level of performance and reliability.

To find out more about Hilti’s simulated seismic tests and full-scale testing please visit www.hilti.com/seismic

Seismic research and development.

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Typical seismic applications

Seismicretrofitting:concreteretrofits Structuralconnections:structuralsteelattachments to concrete

Secondarysteelconnections:railings,stairways,racking,curtainwall,glazing,awnings

Utilitiesfastening:mechanicalequipmentattachment

Hilti solutions at a glance.

Seismic anchorage applications can include strengthening or retrofitting an existing structure, as well as standard anchorage applications that exist both in seismic and non-seismic geog-raphies. Earthquake shaking can affect a wide range of construc-tion products that Hilti supplies including concrete anchors, powder-actuated fasteners, in-stallation supports, and firestop systems for fire containment.

Post-installed anchor applications Page6-9

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Typical seismic applications

Post-installedstructuralrebar:Concreteto concrete connections

Mechanical and electrical supports Metal deck fastening to steel base mate-rial with powder-actuated fasteners and screws

Structuralanalysisofreinforcedconcrete Firestop cable and pipe penetrations, and joints

Post-installed structural rebar connections and additional applications Page10-11

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Post-installed anchors in concrete

TheAmericanbuildingcode,IBC2009,referencesthedesignprovisionsissuedbytheAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI)inACI318-08,AppendixD,whichprovidesmethodstocalculatethedesigncapacitiesofanchoragesunderseismicconditionsaccordingtothestrengthdesignmethodology(ultimatelimitstates).Theseprovisionsapplytostructureslocatedinmediumtohighseismiczones(SeismicDesignCategories(SDC)C,D,E,orF),wheretheconcretebasematerialshallbeassumedtobecracked unless otherwise demonstrated.

Current seismic design standards in the US.

Anchorage in locations in a structure expected to undergo inelastic deformation(so-calledplastichinges)isbeyondthescopeofAppen-dix D due to a higher intensity of cracking and spalling.

Illustration:Hoehler,MatthewS.:“BehaviorandTestingofFasteningstoConcreteforUseinSeismicApplications,”Dissertation,UniversityofStuttgartInstituteforConstructionMaterials,2006,p.49

Post-installedanchorsdesignedusingthemethodsinACI318-08,AppendixD,mustbepre-qualifiedbyextensivetest-ingunderACI355.2.TheInternationalCodeCouncil(ICC)EvaluationServiceprovidesapathtoprequalificationthroughacceptancecriteriaAC193formechanicalanchorsandAC308forchemicalanchors.Thesecriteriadefinethetestingmethods and assessment procedures to develop design pa-rameters compliant with Appendix D.

SpecificproductcharacteristicsaswellasmaterialsafetyfactorscanbefoundintheEvaluationServiceReport(ESR)issuedbyICC,whichenablethedeterminationoftheproductresistances such as concrete breakout, pull-out, tensile and shearsteelcapacities.ICC-ESevaluationservicereportsandacceptance criteria can be found at www.icc-es.org

ElasticInelastic(plastichinge)

US seismic design framework EU seismic design frameworkDesign provisions IBC2009referencingACI318-08,AppendixD CEN/TS1992-4-1:2009

Pre-qualification criteria ACI355.2withICC-ESAC193/AC308 Under development by EOTA

Approvals / Technical data

ICC-ESevaluationreport To be derived based on pre-qualification criteria when available

Load definition ASCE/SEI7-05 EN1991-1-6:2005(Eurocode1)andEN1998-1:2004(Eurocode8)

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Post-installed anchors in concrete

In the European landscape of design standards, provisions for seismic design of post-installed anchors in concrete are given inPart1ofCEN/TS1992-4:2009“Designoffastenersforuseinconcrete”.TheEurocode8(EN1998-1:2004)coverstheloads acting on buildings and civil engineering structures in seismic regions and needs to be taken into account together withtheEurocode1(EN1991-1-6:2005)inallseismiczonesexcept in cases of very low seismicity1. However, currently there are no pre-qualification criteria for post-installed anchors under seismic loading within the European Technical Approval Guidelines, which implies that post-installed anchors under seismic conditions are not yet

Applying US seismic design standards in Europe.

Anchors are developed and tested for use in cracked concrete. Additional tests under cyclic loads on anchors located in cracks are per-formed.

The third party assessment leadstoanICC-ESreportinwhich the anchor resistance data are reported. These data include specific capaci-ties for seismic loads.

Resistancedataareusedwith the strength design methodology according to ACI318-08,AppendixD.

Using engineering judgement, the resistance can be com-pared with loads determined from European codes.

covered by a European Technical Approval. As a result, in present day it is not possible to perform seismic design of anchors within the European code and regulation framework.Nevertheless, one may apply engineering judgement by refer-ring consistently to the resistances determined according to ACI318-08,AppendixD,onthebasisoftheICC-ESreportsand comparing them with the loads defined according with EN1998-1:2004andEN1991-1-6:2005.

1exceptionseeEN1998-1:2004,Section3.2.1(5)

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Hilti PROFIS Anchor 2

Hilti PROFIS Anchor 2The software for post-installed anchor seismic design.

PROFISAnchor2hasthecapabilityofperformingseismiccalculationsaccordingtotheAmericandesignmethodACI318-08,Appendix D. Once a designer has established the seismic loads acting on a fastening, a seismic anchor design can be per-formedkeepinginmindthefollowingimportantsteps:

2. Indicate seismic design Under the loads tab select strength design according to ACI318/AC193/AC308andclickthebuttonindicatingseismic design. Upon clicking this button, you will then need to select between three seismic design approaches.

1. Selecting the design method UponopeninganewcalculationwithPROFISAnchor2,auser will be prompted to enter the preferred design stan-dard.SelectICCbaseddesign,whichreferstodesignwithACI318-08,AppendixD.

3. Enter the appropriate seismic design approach Note that all three of these provisions are acceptable design cases based on your application condition.

Ductile anchor yielding• Select(D.3.3.4)ifthesteelstrengthofaductileanchor

elementhasthehighestpercentdesignutilization.• Whenthisoptionisselected,PROFISAnchor2willfilter

thesolutionforproductsthatsatisfytheACI318-08 definition of a ductile steel element.

• Selectingthisoptionwhenaductileanchoryieldingisnotthe limiting resistance will result in a design report output of“fasteningdoesnotmeetthedesigncriteria!”

Ductile fixture yielding• Select(D.3.3.5)assumingtheanchorattachmentisbeing

designed to yield in a ductile manner as the limiting resis-tance.(capacitydesignofthefixturemustbeperformed)

• Whenthisoptionisselected,youwillbepromptedtore-input the design loads corresponding to the loads at which yielding of the anchor attachment would occur.

Non-ductile failure• Select(D.3.3.6)correspondingtoalimitingdesignresis-

tance of brittle steel failure, concrete failure, or anchor pull-out.Basedonthisoption,areductionfactorof0.4(ΦNonductile)willbeappliedtothedesignstrengthasinstructedbytheACI318-08code.

• Forcommonjobsiteapplicationswithlimitededgedis-tance and anchor spacing, it is often necessary to design for a non-ductile limiting resistance.

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Anchor portfolio

Seismic post-installed anchor systems.

Seismically pre-qualified injectable mortars

Seismically pre-qualified mechanical anchors

Hilti HIT Profi System•Allthenecessarycontractoraccessories

for proper hole cleaning and injection•Brushesandairnozzlesensureacleanhole•Installationwithpistonplugsallows

for bubble free injection

Hilti HDA undercut anchor•ICC-ESESR-1546 (approvalforallseismicdesigncategories)

•ThefirstundercutsystemintheworldtobeseismicallyqualifiedwithanICC-ESRreport

•Theabilitytohandlehighloadscombinedwithsmall edge distances and spacing

•Properinstallationcanbeverifiedvisually

Hilti HSL-3 heavy-duty expansion anchor•ICC-ESESR-1545 (approvalforallseismicdesigncategories)

•Fastandeasythrough-setinstallation•HSL-3-Btorquecapensuresproperinstallation

with no need for a torque wrench•Widerangeofsizesandheadconfigurations

Hilti HIT-RE 500-SD injectable mortar•ICC-ESESR-2332 (approvalforallseismicdesigncategories)

•Heavy-dutyadhesiveanchoringsystem withlongworking(gel)timefordeepinstallations

•Bondstrengthsthatoutperforminseismic and cracked concrete conditions

•Widerangeofapprovedflexibleembedmentlengths and diameters with the HIT-V rod (Class5.8,ENISO898-1steel)

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Post-installed structural rebar

Structural rebar applications.

Post-installed rebar designed as an anchor node in equilibrium

Post-installed rebar designed as a rebar splice

CSTBApprovalDTA3/10-649forseismic structural rebar application

Seismic structural rebar approvalFrenchapprovalDTA3/10-649deliveredbyCSTB,amemberofEOTA,recognizesHiltiHIT-RE500-SDinjectablemortarasaproductqualifiedforstructuralrebar applicationsinseismiczones.Thisnationalapprovalrequiresthatqualifiedproductshave an ETA approval for rebar, an ETA approval for anchorage in cracked concrete, aswellasanICC-ESpre-qualificationforseismicconditions.Byapplyingengineer-ing judgement, engineers can use this French approval when designing seismic structural post-installed rebar connections.

OnewillfindintheDTA:• Thedesignbondstrengthfbd,seismofHiltiHIT-RE500-SDinseismiczones• FormatteddatafordesignwithEurocode2andEurocode8:• Applicationlimitinformation(requiredtransversereinforcement,setting

instructionsandtrainingrequirements)

Post-installed structural rebarThe primary task of structural rebar in reinforced concrete is to carry tensile loads andavoidbrittleconcretefailure.Reinforcedconcretedesignassumesthatcon-crete has negligible tensile strength but allows for the design of rebar development lengthwiththefollowingtwosituations:• Transferringtensileloadsfromonebartoanother(overlapsplice)• Developmentlengthofthetensileforceinabarbeyondanodeinequilibrium

Post-installed rebar connections designed as part of a structural system must be designed as carefully as the entire structure. European Technical Approvals prove that in static load situations, post-installed rebars behave like cast-in bars.

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Additional seismic applications

Installation applications.

Metal deck fastening to steel base material.

Surprisinglysimple-exceptionallyefficientproducts,customizedfordedicatedapplications:systemMQformedium-duty and system MI for heavy-duty systems.• Sprinklerfixings• M&Eapplications• Overheadgridsystems

Firestop cable and pipe penetrations, and joints.The protection of assets and facilities and the need of continuity of operations following earthquakes and fires is crucial. In many cases, fire and smoke can pose a serious threat once an earthquake has occurred. Based on testing, Hilti innovative firestop systems and pre-engineered devices exhibit superior performance when subject to earthquake conditions. These devices include solutions for pipe and cable penetrations through floors and walls and fire rated joint seals.

BasedoninternaltestingaswellasexternalindependentUSsystemapprovalsHilticanprovidesolutionsforsteeldeckfasteningapplicationsinearthquakezones.For example, powder-actuated fastening systems are used to attach metal deck tostructuralandbarjoistbasematerials.Screwfasteningsystemscompletetheoffering for deck attachments by allowing mechanical fastening of side and end lap connections. This complete system represents a highly productive and reliable solution for deck fastenings.

Structural analysis of reinforced concrete.Hiltidetectionsystemsprovidetheabilitytodeterminesize,spacing,andconcretecoverage of reinforcing bars in existing concrete structures. This information can provide an engineer with the insight needed for the structural analysis of an existing building and to assess whether an earthquake retrofit is necessary. To find out more, visit www.hilti.com/detection

Designaids:HiltiPROFISInstallation• Allfromoneprogram:easygenera-

tionof2Dand3Dsketches,detaildrawings and design reports

• Maximumsafetyassuredbywellthought-out modeling and planning using Hilti typicals

HiltiCorporationI9494SchaanILiechtensteinIP+423-2342111IF+423-2342965Iwww.hilti.com/seismic

Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

Hilti engineering for earthquake applications

Hilti support for seismic specifications.

Field engineersWork directly with designers to provide technical assistance and consultation

Account managersHighly-trained product and application experts working directly with the customers who install Hilti products

Technical back officeEngineering and customer service representatives available to answer your questions on the phone or by E-mail

Hilti online www.hilti.com/seismic• Immediateaccesstoadditionalin-depthinformation

related to seismic design• PROFISsoftwaretutorialforseismiccalculationsperthe

American design method• FurtherinformationonHiltiseismicresearchand

development

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