Here are a few notes about this presentation. It was developed as part of an activity about Tsunami Hazard Mitigation and Engineering, call Tsunamis and Sand Bins. It contains three sections: tsunamis and modeling, civil engineering and the engineering design cycle. Each of these sections is meant to introduce the topic and provide an overview. Any section of this presentation maybe delivered separately or removed from the presentation as it relates to the teaching goals. Slides can be added for increased content. Please use this a start for your teaching, modify it as necessary. It is meant to be a “living” document. However the author and her sources should be acknowledged if you distribute this presentation . If you have questions or comment please contact alicia.lyman-holt@oregonstate.edu or 541-737-3665

Surviving Tsunamis on the Oregon Coast

Coastal Engineers Think Inside the Box

Part 1 – Tsunami and Research at the NEES Tsunami Facility

Means “Harbor Wave” in Japanese It a sudden and dramatic rise in sea level, resulting in a

very fast and damaging flood.

What is a Tsunami?

Credit: USGS

Tsunami Before and After

Community in Japan before (above) and after(below) the Feb 2011 tsunami

Credit: Dailymail.com

Generation Propagation Inundation

Stages of a Tsunami

How are tsunamiscreated?

How do they movethrough the ocean?

What happens whenthey hit land?

Credit:NOAACredit: EPA

How are Tsunamis Generated?

How are Tsunamis Generated?

•Subduction Zone Earthquakes•Landslides•Volcanoes•Glaciers

(USGS)

Tsunami Generation

Subduction Zone Earthquakes(video click on the image)

Illustration of Tsunami Generation by Subduction Zone

Tsunamis Generation

•Landslides – Volcanoes –Glaciers

Lituya Bay 1958 in Alaska – source

Tsunamis Generation

•Landslides – Volcanoes –Glaciers

Aysen in Chile in 2007– source: Fritz

(NOAA Center for Tsunami Research)

Tsunami Propagation (video)

Click on link to go to NOAA’s YouTube video of a narrated animation of the March 11, 2011 Honshu, Japan tsunami propagation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo5uH1UJF4A&feature=share&list=TLNBfeCOmN_0BDPbxUSX6M4jJyHm0bz9Hx

Tsunami Inundation

Large amount of water floods into a land area usually above sea level – this is measured in feet (or meters) above sea level

Credit: Dan Cox

CascadiaSubductionZone

30 min

1 in 7 chance in the next 50 years

Tsunamis in Oregon

Video courtesy of : Dr. Harry YehOregon State University&Dr. KatadaGunma University, Japan

DynamicTsunamiHazard Map

New!

Typical waves at Seaside: 6 ft high every 7 sec.

Credit: Dan Cox

Demonstration of Cascadia subduction zone tsunami

Credit: Dan Cox

Courtesy of Dr. Patrick Lynett, USC

“Wave Force Potential” Numerical Calculations

Courtesy of: Drs. J. Van de Lindt, Colorado State Univ. & R. Gupta, Oregon State University

1:6 Scale Residential Building

Near Prototype Scale Wall

Credit: Dan Cox

Part 2Introduction to Civil and Coastal

Engineering

What is Engineering??

Engineering = Math+Science+creativity = problem solving Engineers – Design solutions to problems Engineers – Innovate (make new things/ solve problems) Engineers –work in teams

What is Engineering??

Civil engineering is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. (Wikipedia)

What is Civil Engineering

Civil Engineers work on?

Source: Jan Drewes

Buildings Roads Rivers Sanitation

Systems

Parks Bridges Towns Dams Subways

Civil Engineers work on?

A major goal of all of civil engineering is to provide safety for the users of the infrastructure. This can mean:

Safety

A major goal of all of civil engineering is to provide safety for the users of the infrastructure. This can mean: Designing buildings to withstand loads from wind or

earthquakes Designing bridges to withstand loading from large heavy

trucks or high winds Planning highway/freeway systems to provide adequate

evacuation routes

Safety

Coastal EngineeringSource: http://www.teignbridge.gov.uk/media/images/9/s/TEIGN_ESTUARY_large_image.jpg

The goal of Coastal Engineering is to protect civil infrastructure from coastal processes.

Coastal Engineering

Erosion

Source: Armand Thibault

Storms Credit: Steve Earley

Hurricanes

Gilchrist Texas after Hurricane Ike in 2008, (credit: the guardian)

TsunamiJapan March 2011Credit: Kyodo/AP

Part 3. Engineering Design Cycle

Engineers think inside the box and the engineering design cycle

How to think and work like an engineer

Tim

e

Thinking inside the box

Budget

Building Code

Tsunami forces

The Engineering Design Process

1. Define the problem

2. Gather information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and choose a solution

5. Implement the solution

6. Evaluate the solution

Define the Problem

Start by defining your problem. Be specific. Make sure everyone on your team agrees with

the problem statement

1. Define the problem 2. Gather information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and choose a

solution

5. Implement the solution

6. Evaluate the solution

Gather Information

What are the constraints on your design? Write them down

Hint: Some constraints include Materials Time Wave Height Budget

1. Define the problem 2. Gather information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and choose a

solution

5. Implement the solution

6. Evaluate the solution

Gather Information

What does your proposed solution have to do?

What forces does it have to resist to stay safe?

What kinds of designs are most likely to resist those forces?

1. Define the

problem

2. Gather

information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and

choose a solution

5. Impleme

nt the solution

6. Evaluate

the solution

Generate Multiple Solutions

Decide how you will judge your ideas! What criteria will you use to make a decision on a

design?

Try different designs, test them in your mini-tsunami sand bin

Record your results

1. Define the

problem

2. Gather

information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and

choose a solution

5. Impleme

nt the solution

6. Evaluate

the solution

Analyze andChoose a Solution

Use the criteria you defined to choose one design

1. Define the

problem

2. Gather

information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and

choose a solution

5. Impleme

nt the solution

6. Evaluate

the solution

Implement the solution

Now the fun starts!

Build your chosen design!

Record your design performance to report

1. Define the

problem

2. Gather

information

3. Generate multiple solutions

4. Analyze and

choose a solution

5. Impleme

nt the solution

6. Evaluate

the solution

Remember… Design is an Iterative Process

You can make changes as you go But you have TIME constraints to implement your design!

1. Define the problem

2. Gather information

3. Generate multiple solutions4. Analyze and

choose a solution

5. Implement the solution

6. Evaluate the solution

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this presentation

Dr. Dan Cox, Oregon State University Deanna Lyons, Oregon State UniversityI would like to thank the following organizations for their

fiscal support that made is presentation possible:The National Science FoundationThe Network for Earthquake Engineering SimulationOregon Sea Grant