community stability. tsunami ironment/environment-natural- disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101
TRANSCRIPT
TSUNAMI
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101/
What happens to an area after it is changed by an event…whether it is natural or man made?
Ecosystem Disturbance Disturbances in nature are common. They can
modify the make-up, structure, or function of an ecological community.
How communities react to those disturbances is a measure of stability….or lack of.
GUIDING QUESTION…
How do communities respond to disturbances?
What Happens? After a disturbance, some communities return
to normal or close to normal. Some disturbances or so large that they can
change a community permanently. Resources change and therefore, populations
must change as well. When this occurs, a community experiences a
somewhat predictable series of changes over time called, SUCCESSION.
Ecological Succession A change in the types of species in a
community and/or an ecosystem. It could take hundreds or thousands of years
for a change to occur. Change is constantly occurring.
Primary Succession When a disturbance is so severe that no vegetation or soil
remains…or where there was nothing existing before. A community is built from scratch after glaciers retreat,
lakes dry up, or lava or volcanic ash spread across the landscape.
Primary Succession It can occur on rocks, cliffs,
sand dunes. Moss and lichens are
examples of organisms that appear during primary succession.
Lichens are formed by a mutualistic relationship between algae and fungi. The algae provide food and energy through photosynthesis, while the fungi anchor the organisms to the rock and capture moisture. Moss
Lichen
Secondary Succession More common type of succession that occurs in a place where an
ecosystem already exists. Occurs in places where ecosystems have been disturbed by natural
disasters, humans, or animals. Secondary succession occurs more quickly than primary succession.
Succession in WaterPrimary aquatic succession occurs when an area fills with water for the first time.
Disturbances such as floods or excess nutrient runoff can lead to secondary aquatic succession.
Climax Communities A stable community that completes the
succession process. This does not mean that changes or
adjustments to condition stop…what it means that the community has gone through the steps of succession and will slowly adjust as time goes on.
That is…until a major event alters the landscape and forces the process of succession again.