Henry VIII Henry VIII Pages Pages of of (1491-1547) (1491-1547) private private lifelife

The dynasty of TudorsThe dynasty of TudorsHenry VII

(1485-1509)

Margaret(d. 1541)

Mary(d. 1533)

Arthur(d. 1502)

Frances(d. 1559)

Henry VIII(1509-1547)

Mary Queen of Scots

(1542-1587)

James V King of

Scotland(d. 1542)

James I(James VI of

Scotland)(1603-1625)

Lady Jane Grey

(1553)(d. 1554)

Elizabeth I(1558-1603)

Bloody Mary

(1553-1558)

Edward VI(1547-1553)

Henry VII married Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, a Elizabeth of York, a member of Richard member of Richard Ill's family, because Ill's family, because

he needed to he needed to protect himself protect himself from those who from those who

had the power to had the power to overthrow him.overthrow him.

The end of the Wars The end of the Wars of the Rosesof the Roses and the and the marriage of Henry marriage of Henry Tudor with Princess Tudor with Princess Elizabeth, heiress of Elizabeth, heiress of the House of York the House of York (1485) were the (1485) were the events that events that symbolized the end symbolized the end of the Middle Ages in of the Middle Ages in Britain.Britain.

On 14 November 1501, Arthur, who On 14 November 1501, Arthur, who was just fifteen, married Catherine at was just fifteen, married Catherine at St Paul's Cathedral in London.St Paul's Cathedral in London.

Henry Henry VIIIVIII was was born in born in Greenwich, in Greenwich, in 1491. He was a 1491. He was a second son of second son of Henry Henry VIIVII Tudor Tudor and Elizabeth of and Elizabeth of York.York.

In 1509 Henry In 1509 Henry VII VII died. His son died. His son Henry now Henry now became king of became king of England and the England and the English people English people appeared to be appeared to be happy that they happy that they had a new king.had a new king.

Henry relied Henry relied heavily on heavily on Thomas Wolsey, Thomas Wolsey, an Ipswich an Ipswich butcher's son, butcher's son, who became Lord who became Lord Chancellor in Chancellor in 1515, and other 1515, and other government government ministers to run ministers to run the country. the country.

Wolsey became one of the most Wolsey became one of the most powerful ministers in British history powerful ministers in British history

(symbolised by his building of Hampton (symbolised by his building of Hampton Court Palace).Court Palace).

Unsuccessful Anglo-Spanish campaigns Unsuccessful Anglo-Spanish campaigns against France, ending in peace with against France, ending in peace with France in 1520, when he spent huge France in 1520, when he spent huge

sums on displays and tournaments at the sums on displays and tournaments at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.Field of the Cloth of Gold.

Henry also invested in the navy, and increased its size Henry also invested in the navy, and increased its size from 5 to 53 ships (including the Mary Rose, the from 5 to 53 ships (including the Mary Rose, the

remains of which lie in the Portsmouth Naval Museum). remains of which lie in the Portsmouth Naval Museum).

In May 1529, Wolsey In May 1529, Wolsey failed to gain the failed to gain the Pope's agreement to Pope's agreement to resolve Henry's case resolve Henry's case in England. All the in England. All the efforts of Henry and efforts of Henry and his advisers came to his advisers came to nothing; Wolsey was nothing; Wolsey was dismissed and dismissed and arrested, but died arrested, but died before he could be before he could be brought to trial.brought to trial.

Wolsey's eventual Wolsey's eventual successor Thomas successor Thomas Cromwell (Henry's Cromwell (Henry's chief adviser from chief adviser from 1532 onwards) turned 1532 onwards) turned to Parliament, using its to Parliament, using its powers and anti-powers and anti-clerical attitude to clerical attitude to decide the issue. But decide the issue. But he was subjected to a he was subjected to a bill of attainder and bill of attainder and executed for treason executed for treason and heresy on Tower and heresy on Tower Hill on 28 July 1540. Hill on 28 July 1540.

The result was a series of Acts cutting back papal The result was a series of Acts cutting back papal power and influence in England and bringing about the power and influence in England and bringing about the

English Reformation.English Reformation.

Sir Thomas Sir Thomas More, who More, who replaced Wolsey replaced Wolsey as Lord as Lord Chancellor, was Chancellor, was executed for executed for treason in 1535. treason in 1535. Also Also Bishop Bishop Fisher was Fisher was executed for the executed for the same reason.same reason.

The effect of the English Protestant The effect of the English Protestant Reformation was the Dissolution of Reformation was the Dissolution of

MonasteriesMonasteries..

Henry's obesity Henry's obesity hastened his death hastened his death at the age of 55, at the age of 55, which occurred on which occurred on 28 January 1547 in 28 January 1547 in the Palace of the Palace of Whitehall, on what Whitehall, on what would have been would have been his father's 90th his father's 90th birthday.birthday.

Private life of Private life of HenryHenry

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

In 1501, Catharine In 1501, Catharine marriage to Arthur. marriage to Arthur. After his death, in After his death, in 1509 Henry 1509 Henry VIIIVIII married Catharine and married Catharine and they lived together they lived together happily for about 24 happily for about 24 years. Catharine was years. Catharine was banished from court banished from court and died on 7 January and died on 7 January 1536, broken-hearted 1536, broken-hearted but still defiant.but still defiant.

Although Although Catherine was Catherine was pregnant many pregnant many times, only one times, only one of her children, of her children, Princess Mary, Princess Mary, survived.survived. ((Known as Known as Bloody MaryBloody Mary))

Anne BoleynAnne BoleynHenry tried to make Henry tried to make Anne his mistress. Anne his mistress. She refused and She refused and demanded that the demanded that the king marry her. They king marry her. They wed in 1533. But she wed in 1533. But she was unable to give was unable to give Henry the son. So Henry the son. So she was executed on she was executed on patently false patently false charges of witchcraft, charges of witchcraft, incest and adultery incest and adultery on 19 May 1536. on 19 May 1536.

Anne Boleyn, Anne Boleyn, however, however, produced another produced another daughter, daughter, Princess Princess Elizabeth, who Elizabeth, who was the most was the most famous queen in famous queen in England.England.

Jane SeymourJane Seymour

Jane was Jane was Henry’s favorite Henry’s favorite wife. In 1537 wife. In 1537 Jane, finally bore Jane, finally bore Henry a son, Henry a son, who was later who was later became Edward became Edward VIVI. But soon . But soon after that she after that she died in childbed.died in childbed.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves

Henry infamously Henry infamously referred to his bride referred to his bride as a 'Flanders as a 'Flanders mare' and told mare' and told courtiers and courtiers and ambassadors that ambassadors that he could not he could not perform his perform his husbandly duties husbandly duties because of Anne's because of Anne's appearance. appearance.

Catherine HowardCatherine Howard

Catherine Howard Catherine Howard was a cousin of was a cousin of Henry Henry VIIIVIII's ill-fated 's ill-fated second queen, Anne second queen, Anne Boleyn. Unlike Anne, Boleyn. Unlike Anne, Catherine had Catherine had betrayed the king. betrayed the king. She was beheaded She was beheaded on 13 February on 13 February 1542, only nineteen 1542, only nineteen or twenty years old. or twenty years old.

Katherine ParrKatherine Parr

Katharine Parr was Katharine Parr was already twice-already twice-widowed and widowed and childless when they childless when they wed in 1543; she was wed in 1543; she was also in love with also in love with Thomas Seymour, Thomas Seymour, the brother of the brother of Henry's third queen Henry's third queen Jane. She was the Jane. She was the most intellectual of most intellectual of Henry's wives.Henry's wives.

Henry died in Henry died in London on 28 London on 28 January 1547. He January 1547. He made sure that his made sure that his son, Edward, was a son, Edward, was a great king great king and and his reign will be the his reign will be the "Golden Age" "Golden Age" of Englandof England. But . But Edward died of Edward died of tuberculosistuberculosis in 1553 in 1553 aged 15.aged 15.

Results of his rule Results of his rule are:are:

Got rid of the Catholic Church in England and made Got rid of the Catholic Church in England and made himself the head of a new Church;himself the head of a new Church;

Built the first modern navy;Built the first modern navy; Henry's reformation had produced dangerous Protestant-Henry's reformation had produced dangerous Protestant-

Roman Catholic differences in the kingdom;Roman Catholic differences in the kingdom; TThe monasteries' wealth had been spent on wars and had he monasteries' wealth had been spent on wars and had

also built up the economic strength of the aristocracyalso built up the economic strength of the aristocracy;; All in all he had six wives and left three children: Mary by All in all he had six wives and left three children: Mary by

Catherine of Aragon, Elizabeth by Anne Boleyn and Catherine of Aragon, Elizabeth by Anne Boleyn and Edward by Jane SeymourEdward by Jane Seymour..

Henry VII Tudor(1485-1509)

Henry VIII(1509-1547)

Mary Queen of Scots(1542-1567(87))James VI of Scotland

I of England(1567-1603-1625)

Margaret(d. 1541)

James V King of Scotland(1512-1542)

George I(1714-1727)

James II(1685-1688)

Charles II(1660-1685)

Charles I(1625-1649)

Anne(1702-1714)

William III(1689-1702)

m. Mary II(1689-1694)

Mary

Henry(1594-1612)

Elizabeth

Sophia,Electress of

Hanover(d. 1714)

James

Charles

The Tudors

The Stuarts

LinksLinks1.1. Birkin K., "Henry VIII. English King", 2008;Birkin K., "Henry VIII. English King", 2008;

2. 2. Gregory F., "The Other Boleyn Girl", 2001;Gregory F., "The Other Boleyn Girl", 2001;

3. 3. Gregory F., "The Constant Princess", 2005;Gregory F., "The Constant Princess", 2005;

4. 4. Gregory F., "The Boleyn Inheritance", 2006;Gregory F., "The Boleyn Inheritance", 2006;

5. 5. Muehlbach F., "Sixth wife of King Henry VIII", 2008;Muehlbach F., "Sixth wife of King Henry VIII", 2008;

6. 6. Muehlbach L., "Henry VIII and his mistress", 2007;Muehlbach L., "Henry VIII and his mistress", 2007;

7. 7. Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world" - Moscow, Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world" - Moscow, Veche, 1999;Veche, 1999;

8. 8. Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world. Western Europe" Ryzhov K., "All the monarchs of the world. Western Europe" - Moscow, Veche, 1999;- Moscow, Veche, 1999;

9. 9. Shakespeare W., "Henry VIII", 2005;Shakespeare W., "Henry VIII", 2005;

10. 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England;

11. 11. http://brims.co.uk/tudors/wives.htm.http://brims.co.uk/tudors/wives.htm.